CN110288889A - A kind of homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental provision and experimental method - Google Patents
A kind of homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental provision and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 113
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 113
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 112
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental provision and experimental methods, belong to electric field experimental technique field, the prior art is solved for the experimental demonstration of skin effect and imperfect, and lack the problem of equipotential surface is explained in specific experiment, equipotential surface can be drawn out, user is allowed to deepen the understanding to equipotential surface principle, the current distributions that skin effect can more accurately be measured again, allow user to understand the particular state of skin effect when in homogeneous half space medium for alternating current.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric field experimental technique fields, and in particular to a kind of homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experiment
The design of device and experimental method.
Background technique
It is all that potential, equipotential surface, field strength are utilized in the form of text at this stage in the knowledge in terms of teaching equipotential surface
Etc. basic conceptions extend, and carry out relevant calculation, do not have specific experiment to illustrate, we can only be by dry as dust
Text understood.
When having alternating current or alternating electromagnetic field in conductor, the current distribution is uneven of conductor is even, and current convergence exists
" skin " part of conductor, that is to say, that current convergence is in the thin layer of conductor appearance, and closer to conductive surface, current density is got over
Greatly, conductor actually electric current is smaller, as a result increases the resistance of conductor, increases its loss power also.This phenomenon
Referred to as skin effect.
The existing experimental provision about skin effect is as depicted in figs. 1 and 2 comprising two are with holes in bottom center
Round work durm, outer radius 6cm, inside radius 5cm；Two and cross section lesser irony round bars identical as work durm height,
Bottom in work durm can be fixed on；Insulated fixing support, for fixing work durm and iron；3 identical bulbs；Dry electricity
Pond.The experimental method of skin effect is carried out according to the experimental provision are as follows:
(1) plug 1 and plug 2 are connected to dry cell both ends first before experimental demonstration, it is seen that 3 basic phases of bulb brightness
Together, 2 two o'clock of plug 1 and plug is connected in parallel on by work durm and iron since 3 bulbs are equivalent to, this phenomenon is understood that.
(2) when experimental demonstration starts, plug 1 and 2 liang of plug ends are connected to AC power source, and A lamp is dark, and B lamp and C lamp are slightly bright, i.e.,
Obvious skin effect phenomenon has occurred.
Existing skin effect experimental provision has the following deficiencies place:
(1) not showing skin effect can aggravate because of the raising of ac frequency, only compared DC state
With the difference of the brightness of lamp under the AC power supply state of certain specific frequency, be not involved with that skin effect is previously mentioned with
The raising of a-c cycle, current distribution can be intended to conductive surface further.
It (2) is insulation between iron and metal bucket in existing skin effect experimental provision, it is actually a kind of very special
The state of fixed conductor does not demonstrate out the current distribution state in the conductor of one piece of globality.Strictly, it is imitated with the skin that becomes
The precondition (should use one section of interconnected conductor) answered is not consistent.
Therefore, existing skin effect experimental provision is inaccurate for the demonstration of skin effect.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the prior arts for the experimental demonstration of skin effect and imperfect, and lacks
The problem of equipotential surface is explained in specific experiment proposes a kind of homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experiment dress
It sets and experimental method, equipotential surface can be drawn out and more accurately measure the current distributions of skin effect, allow use
Person can not only deepen the understanding to equipotential surface principle, but can understand when in homogeneous half space medium for becoming when alternating current
The particular state of skin effect.
The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a kind of homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental provision, including experimental plate,
First power supply, the first copper electrode, the second copper electrode, electromagnet, second source, multimeter, the first electroprobe and the second electroprobe；Experiment
Plate is rectangular parallelepiped structure, the first copper electrode and the second copper electrode from the top surface loading test plate of experimental plate, the first power supply
Positive and negative two-stage is connect with the first copper electrode and the second copper electrode respectively；Electromagnet is at least two pieces, and every block of electromagnet includes two
Root stitch, the positive and negative two-stage of second source are connect with the both threads foot of every block of electromagnet respectively, and two blocks of electromagnet are bonded respectively to be set
It is placed in the front and back of experimental plate, and two blocks of electromagnet are opposite with the one side polarity that experimental plate is bonded；Multimeter by with its
The first electroprobe and the second electroprobe of connection directly contact the front of experimental plate, for measuring between the first electroprobe and the second electroprobe
Voltage.
The invention has the benefit that homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental provision provided by the invention can
Equipotential surface is drawn out, allows user to deepen the understanding to equipotential surface principle, and can more accurately measure the electric current of skin effect
Distribution situation allows user to understand the particular state of skin effect when in homogeneous half space medium for alternating current.
Preferably, experimental plate includes copper plate body, and two sides of copper plate body are enclosed with insulation rubber, copper plate body
Front and back draw that have unit be the graduation mark of mm, the top surface of copper plate body is equally spacedly provided with several screw holes, the
One copper electrode and the second copper electrode are inserted into screw hole, and are fixed by cap nut, and the bottom of copper plate body is provided with triangle
The plastic stent of shape.
The side wrap insulation rubber for having the beneficial effect that experimental plate of above-mentioned preferred embodiment, prevents user in experiment
Electric shock, enhances the safety of homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental provision；Experimental plate surface rendering has graduation mark,
Convenient for accurately determining test point when experiment；The screw hole that experiment plate top surface is provided with is for placing the first copper electrode and the second bronze medal electricity
Pole, the triangle plastic stent of bottom setting plays support copper plate body and other objects are isolated by copper plate body and the earth etc.
The effect opened.
Preferably, the length of copper plate body is 1m, is highly 0.5m, with a thickness of 1cm, screw hole has 39, and two adjacent
5cm is divided between screw hole, the depth of screw hole is 0.5cm, diameter 0.3cm.
Above-mentioned preferred embodiment has the beneficial effect that through the specific setting to dimensional parameters each in experimental plate, so that experiment
Plate can effectively play the effect of simulation homogeneous half space medium.
Preferably, the first power supply includes DC power supply and AC power source, and the output voltage range of DC power supply is 0-30V,
Output current scope is 0-3A；The output voltage range of AC power source is 0-300V, reference frequency output 45Hz-500Hz.
Above-mentioned preferred embodiment has the beneficial effect that DC power supply plays the role of providing stable DC to experimental plate,
To provide necessary condition to portray electric field equipotential line；AC power source can play to experimental plate and provide the alternating current of different frequency
Effect, provide necessary condition for the verifying AC field skin degree difference that becomes at different frequencies.
Preferably, it is 0.3cm that the first copper electrode and the second copper electrode, which are diameter, and length is the cylindrical electrode of 1cm.
The diameter for having the beneficial effect that copper electrode of above-mentioned preferred embodiment is identical as screw bore dia, is inserted into convenient for copper electrode
In screw hole and fixed, the length of copper electrode is greater than the depth of screw hole, and exposed portion connects after facilitating copper electrode to be inserted into screw hole
It is connected to the first power supply.
Preferably, the model ELE-P25/11 of electromagnet, second source are 24V DC power supply.
Above-mentioned preferred embodiment has the beneficial effect that the suction of ELE-P25/11 electromagnet reaches 5kg, when experimental plate front and
Stronger suction can be generated both when the electromagnet power supply at the back side, blank sheet of paper is fixed on experimental plate, it, will convenient for drawing equipotential surface
Electromagnet is connected with switch, can close electromagnet at any time, remove blank sheet of paper after drawing is complete to facilitate, and second source is for being
ELE-P25/11 electromagnet provides power adapter.
Preferably, the current measurement precision of multimeter is 1mA, voltage measurement accuracy 1mV.
Above-mentioned preferred embodiment has the beneficial effect that multimeter is mainly portrayed using DC voltage shelves when measuring equipotential surface
Equipotential surface mainly uses alternating voltage shelves when measuring skin effect, according to Ohm's law, increase when the electric current by conductor and
When its resistance is constant, the voltage at conductor both ends is raised.Therefore, the variation of the alternating voltage between fixed two o'clock can be passed through
To portray the variation of current distributions caused by skin effect.
The present invention also provides a kind of homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental methods, comprising the following steps:
S1, the experiment of equipotentiality iso-surface patch is carried out using DC power supply.
S2, skin effect experiment is carried out using AC power source.
The invention has the benefit that the present invention can draw out equipotential surface, user is allowed to deepen to equipotential surface principle
Understand, and can more accurately measure the current distributions of skin effect, user is allowed to understand when in homogeneous half space medium
It is middle for alternating current when skin effect particular state.
Further, step S1 include it is following step by step:
S11, the first copper electrode and the second copper electrode are utilized respectively the positive and negative two-stage that conducting wire is connected to DC power supply.
S12, the 19th and the 21st screw that the first copper electrode and the second copper electrode are inserted into copper plate body top surface respectively
Kong Zhong, and fixed by cap nut.
S13, DC power supply switch is opened, is measured using the 0.5V voltage gear of multimeter, export electricity to DC power supply
After pressure is stablized, two electroprobes are drawn from the ammeter wiring column of multimeter, are measured on experimental plate.
S14, equipotentiality point is found according to ammeter pointer deflection situation, and by equipotentiality point-rendering on experimental plate.
S15, blank sheet of paper is fixed on experimental plate using electromagnet, the equipotentiality drawn on experimental plate point is incident upon blank sheet of paper
On, and five equipotential lines that potential is 0.1V, 0.2V, 0.3V, 0.4V and 0.5V are drawn out respectively by connecting equipotentiality point.
S16, the position of the first copper electrode and the second copper electrode is replaced, repeats step S13~S15, draws more twice
Obtained equipotential lines.
S17, by the output voltage setting of DC power supply be 1V, drawn respectively using method identical with step S13~S15
Potential is five equipotential lines of 0.2V, 0.4V, 0.6V, 0.8V and 1V out.
S18, the output voltage that DC power supply is successively increased according to the incrementss of 0.5V, using identical as step S13~S15
Method draw out every group of five equipotential lines respectively, according to all equipotential lines complete equipotential surface drafting.
S19, the first copper electrode and the second copper electrode are respectively moved in the adjacent screw hole in outside, and use and step
The identical method of S13~S18 draws out the equipotential surface of counter electrode position, successively that the first copper electrode and the second copper electrode is outside
It is mobile, until being moved to the 1st and the 39th screw hole and the equipotential surface for drawing out counter electrode position, completion equipotentiality iso-surface patch
Experiment.
Above-mentioned further scheme has the beneficial effect that equipotentiality iso-surface patch experiment of the invention is visual in image, is convenient for user
The deep concept for understanding equipotential surface, and in the experiment of equipotentiality iso-surface patch, by the observation to equipotential surface, electrode movement to the
1 and the 39th screw hole when, can see equipotential surface variation very greatly, and the boundary of experimental plate thus can be illustrated by rubber bag
It wraps up in, to generate boundary effect.
Further, step S2 include it is following step by step:
S21, the first copper electrode and the second copper electrode are utilized respectively the positive and negative two-stage that conducting wire is connected to AC power source.
S22, the 1st and the 39th screw hole that the first copper electrode and the second copper electrode are inserted into copper plate body top surface respectively
In, and fixed by cap nut.
S23, ac power switch is opened, and is 0.5V, frequency 45Hz, to the defeated of AC power source by output voltage setting
After electric current is stablized out, two electroprobes are drawn from the alternating voltage shelves binding post of multimeter and are in contact with experimental plate.
S24, it keeps the spacing between two electroprobes for 20cm, is moved down along experimental plate middle line level, every time between movement
Every 10cm, the voltage data of each test point is recorded.
S25, keep output voltage values be 0.5V it is constant, successively change output voltage frequency be 100Hz, 200Hz and
300Hz repeats step S24 and obtains the voltage data of each test point under different frequency, and according to test each under different frequency
The voltage data of point verifies skin effect.
Above-mentioned further scheme has the beneficial effect that skin effect experiment of the invention is visual in image, deep convenient for user
The concept for understanding skin effect at quarter causes experimental plate to power on pressure raw during the experiment by changing alternating current frequency
Change, so that finding voltage value changes maximum location point, so as to accurate determining skin effect on experimental plate
Situation of change.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 show existing skin effect experimental provision cross-sectional view.
Fig. 2 show existing skin effect experimental provision top view.
Fig. 3 show a kind of homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental provision knot of the offer of the embodiment of the present invention one
Structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 show the experimental plate front view of the offer of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 5 show the experimental plate top view of the offer of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 6 show the experimental plate side view of the offer of the embodiment of the present invention one.
Fig. 7 show a kind of homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental method stream provided by Embodiment 2 of the present invention
Cheng Tu.
Description of symbols: 1-experimental plate, the 2-the first power supply, the 3-the first copper electrode, the 4-the second copper electrode, 5-electricity
Magnet, 6-second sources, 7-multimeters, the 8-the first electroprobe, the 9-the second electroprobe；
11-copper plate bodys, 12-insulation rubber, 13-graduation marks, 14-screw holes, 15-plastic stents.
Specific embodiment
Carry out detailed description of the present invention illustrative embodiments with reference to the drawings.It should be appreciated that shown in attached drawing and
The embodiment of description is only exemplary, it is intended that is illustrated the principle and spirit of the invention, and is not limited model of the invention
It encloses.
Before addressing detailed embodiments of the invention, some nouns in the present invention are defined first, it is intended to make
Technical solution of the present invention is clearer.
(1) potential: energy of position possessed by the unit charge in some position in electric field.
(2) equipotential lines: the line of potential identical points.
(3) uniform dielectric: (will generally reach molecular level) in reference limit, and the various places inside of investigation object has phase
The medium of same property.
(4) isotropism: for a kind of tested property, having identical result in a different direction, (uniform dielectric can be with
It is isotropism, is also possible to anisotropy).
(5) homogeneous isotropism half space electric field: resistivity is that direct current is sent into underground by conducting wire and grounding electrode,
Artificial electric field is just established in underground, if by the rock resistivity having the same within the scope of electric field controls, and resistance
The size of rate does not change with sense of current, then the electric field formed is electric field or normal electricity in homogeneous isotropic medium
?.Again because air more than ground be it is nonconducting, so this electric field exists only in underground, therefore it is referred to as that uniform is same
Property half space electric field.
(6) boundary effect: in practical oil, gas reservoir, often there is various boundaries near producing well or water injection well (such as
Equipotentiality boundary and impermeable boundary), the presence on these boundaries to equipotential lines distribution, streamline distribution and well production of seepage field etc. all
It can have an impact, usually influence to be known as boundary effect by this.
(7) skin effect: as the frequency of curent change increases in alternating current circuit, the current distribution in conductors cross
It is concentrated to conductive surface, causes a kind of special skin effect, referred to as skin effect.
Embodiment one:
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental provisions, as shown in figure 3, packet
Include experimental plate 1, the first power supply 2, the first copper electrode 3, the second copper electrode 4, electromagnet 5, second source 6, the 7, first electricity of multimeter
Pen 8 and the second electroprobe 9.
Experimental plate 1 is rectangular parallelepiped structure, and the first copper electrode 3 and the second copper electrode 4 are from the top surface loading test of experimental plate 1
In plate 1, the positive and negative two-stage of the first power supply 2 is connect with the first copper electrode 3 and the second copper electrode 4 respectively.
Electromagnet 5 is at least two pieces, and every block of electromagnet includes both threads foot, the positive and negative two-stage of second source 6 respectively with
The both threads foot connection of every block of electromagnet 5, two blocks of electromagnet 5 are bonded the front and back for being set to experimental plate 1, and two pieces respectively
Electromagnet 5 is opposite with the one side polarity that experimental plate 1 is bonded.Such as the positive electromagnet 5 of experimental plate 1 is that the pole N connects with experimental plate 1
Touching, then the back side of experimental plate 1 should use electromagnet 5 the pole S be contacted with experimental plate 1, thus guarantee energization when both attract each other.
When laying blank sheet of paper on experimental plate 1 by the fixed blank sheet of paper of the suction of electromagnet 5, the electromagnet 5 when second source 6 stops powering
It loses magnetism, can easily remove blank sheet of paper.
Multimeter 7 directly contacts the front of experimental plate 1 by the first electroprobe 8 connected to it and the second electroprobe 9, for surveying
Voltage between one electroprobe 8 of flow control and the second electroprobe 9.
As shown in Fig. 4~Fig. 6, experimental plate 1 includes copper plate body 11, and two sides of copper plate body 11 are enclosed with insulation
Rubber 12, the front and back of copper plate body 11 draw that have unit be the graduation mark 13 of mm, between top surface of copper plate body 11 etc.
Several screw holes 14 are provided with away from ground, the first copper electrode 3 and the second copper electrode 4 are inserted into screw hole 14, and solid by cap nut
It is fixed.First copper electrode 3 and the second copper electrode 4 can plug to replace position on screw hole, make first in this way
Electric current is supplied on experimental plate 1 and conducted in experimental plate 1 by the two poles of the earth of power supply 2.
The bottom of copper plate body 11 is provided with the plastic stent 15 of triangle, plays support copper plate body 11 and by copper plates
The effect that other objects such as body 11 and the earth are kept apart.
In the embodiment of the present invention, it is highly 0.5m, with a thickness of 1cm, screw hole 14 has 39 that the length of copper plate body 11, which is 1m,
It is a, between two adjacent screw holes 14 between be divided into 5cm, the depth of screw hole 14 is 0.5cm, diameter 0.3cm.By to reality
The specific setting for testing each dimensional parameters in plate 1 enables experimental plate 1 to effectively play the effect of simulation homogeneous half space medium.
First power supply 2 includes DC power supply and AC power source, and wherein the output voltage range of DC power supply is 0-30V, defeated
Current range is 0-3A out, and DC power supply plays the role of providing stable DC to experimental plate 1, thus to portray electric field etc.
Gesture line provides necessary condition.In the embodiment of the present invention, AC power source is exchanged using Ai Weitaike (IVYTECH) high-precision programmable
Variable-frequency power sources, output voltage range 0-300V, reference frequency output 45Hz-500Hz, AC power source can be played to reality
The effect that plate 1 provides the alternating current of different frequency is tested, becoming that skin degree difference provides at different frequencies for verifying AC field must
Want condition.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first copper electrode 3 and the second copper electrode 4 are diameter for 0.3cm, and length is the circle of 1cm
Cylinder electrode.The resistivity of fine copper is 1.75 × 10-8(Ω m), resistivity value is smaller, and current electrode is low, avoids generating error.
First copper electrode 3 and the second copper electrode 4 are placed on experimental plate 1 according to certain rules (from most intermediate outside placement).Adjust the first bronze medal
The position of electrode 3 and the second copper electrode 4 insertion screw hole 14 can play the electric field equipotentiality in the case of observation Different electrodes distance
The change situation of line distribution.
The effect of electromagnet 5 is that blank sheet of paper is fixed on experimental plate 1 when drawing equipotential lines.When the electromagnetism of 1 front and back of experimental plate
Stronger suction can be generated both when iron 5 is powered blank sheet of paper is fixed on experimental plate 1.Electromagnet 5 is connected with switch, it can
Electromagnet 5 is closed at any time, removes blank sheet of paper after drawing is complete to facilitate.In the embodiment of the present invention, the model ELE- of electromagnet 5
P25/11, can generate the suction of 5kg, and second source 6 is the 24V direct current being adapted to the electromagnet 5 of ELE-P25/11 model
Source.
The current measurement precision of multimeter 7 is 1mA, voltage measurement accuracy 1mV.Ten thousand are mainly used when measuring equipotential surface
Equipotential surface is portrayed with the DC voltage shelves of table 7.The alternating voltage shelves of multimeter 7, root are mainly used when measuring skin effect
According to Ohm's law, when the electric current by conductor increases and its resistance is constant, the voltage at conductor both ends is raised.Therefore, may be used
The variation of current distributions caused by skin effect is portrayed with the variation by the alternating voltage between fixed two o'clock.
Embodiment two:
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental methods, as shown in fig. 7, packet
Include following steps:
S1, the experiment of equipotentiality iso-surface patch is carried out using DC power supply.
As shown in fig. 7, step S1 includes following S11~S19 step by step:
S11, the first copper electrode 3 and the second copper electrode 4 are utilized respectively the positive and negative two-stage that conducting wire is connected to DC power supply.
S12, the 19th and the 21st that the first copper electrode 3 and the second copper electrode 4 are inserted into 11 top surface of copper plate body respectively
In screw hole 14, and fixed by cap nut.
S13, DC power supply switch is opened, is measured using the 0.5V voltage gear of multimeter 7, export electricity to DC power supply
After pressure is stablized, two electroprobes are drawn from the ammeter wiring column of multimeter 7, are measured on experimental plate 1.
S14, equipotentiality point is found according to ammeter pointer deflection situation, and by equipotentiality point-rendering on experimental plate 1.
S15, blank sheet of paper is fixed on experimental plate 1 using electromagnet 5, the equipotentiality point drawn on experimental plate 1 is incident upon white
On paper, and five equipotential lines that potential is 0.1V, 0.2V, 0.3V, 0.4V and 0.5V are drawn out by connection equipotentiality point respectively and (are adopted
Equipotential lines is drawn with 1/10th of range).
S16, the position of the first copper electrode 3 and the second copper electrode 4 is replaced, repeats step S13~S15, draws more twice
The equipotential lines being made.
By comparing it can be seen that equipotential lines and unchanged, thus illustrates that the positive and negative variation of electrode has no effect on potential value,
The distribution of equipotential lines is not influenced.
S17, by the output voltage setting of DC power supply be 1V, drawn respectively using method identical with step S13~S15
Potential is five equipotential lines of 0.2V, 0.4V, 0.6V, 0.8V and 1V out.
S18, the output voltage that DC power supply is successively increased according to the incrementss of 0.5V, using identical as step S13~S15
Method draw out every group of five equipotential lines respectively, according to all equipotential lines complete equipotential surface drafting.
When larger to numerical value with voltage change, the variation of potential can be relatively large, this is because the increase of voltage causes
The generation of amount of heat, conduct heat away are not gone out, and influence the value of resistivity so as to cause the variation of potential.
S19, the first copper electrode 3 and the second copper electrode 4 are respectively moved in the adjacent screw hole 14 in outside, and using with
The identical method of step S13~S18 draws out the equipotential surface of counter electrode position, successively by the first copper electrode 3 and the second bronze medal electricity
Pole 4 is displaced outwardly, and until being moved to the 1st and the 39th screw hole 14 and the equipotential surface for drawing out counter electrode position, is completed
The experiment of equipotentiality iso-surface patch.
The variation of equipotential surface is observed, it can be found that equipotential lines bending direction varies widely, this is by boundary effect shadow
Loud.The equipotential surface that would be mapped out on blank sheet of paper is taken pictures, then is carried out the diminution of equal proportion and printed, so that it may be used.
S2, skin effect experiment is carried out using AC power source.
As shown in fig. 7, step S2 includes following S21~S25 step by step:
S21, the first copper electrode 3 and the second copper electrode 4 are utilized respectively the positive and negative two-stage that conducting wire is connected to AC power source.
S22, the 1st and the 39th spiral shell that the first copper electrode 3 and the second copper electrode 4 are inserted into 11 top surface of copper plate body respectively
In wire hole 14, and fixed by cap nut.
S23, ac power switch is opened, and is 0.5V, frequency 45Hz, to the defeated of AC power source by output voltage setting
After electric current is stablized out, two electroprobes are drawn from the alternating voltage shelves binding post of multimeter 7 and are in contact with experimental plate 1.
S24, to keep the spacing between two electroprobes be 20cm, and along 1 middle line of experimental plate, (i.e. the 20th screw hole 14 is downward
Vertical line direction) level moves down, and mobile interval 10cm, records the voltage data of each test point every time.
S25, keep output voltage values be 0.5V it is constant, successively change output voltage frequency be 100Hz, 200Hz and
300Hz repeats step S24 and obtains the voltage data of each test point under different frequency, and according to test each under different frequency
The voltage data of point verifies skin effect.
It by the voltage data filling table 1 of test point each under different frequency and arranges, according to Ohm's law, when passing through
When the electric current of conductor (experimental plate 1) increases and its resistance is constant, the voltage at conductor both ends is raised.It therefore, can be by solid
The variation of the alternating voltage between two o'clock is determined to portray the variation of current distributions caused by skin effect.In experimental plate 1
In the case that resistance remains unchanged, it can be measured by way of calculating and measuring voltage/resistance=current density and verify
Skin effect.
Table 1
| 0cm | 10cm | 20cm | 30cm | 40cm | 50cm | |
| 45Hz | ||||||
| 100Hz | ||||||
| 200Hz | ||||||
| 300Hz | ||||||
| 400Hz |
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein, which is to help reader, understands this hair
Bright principle, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such specific embodiments and embodiments.This field
Those of ordinary skill disclosed the technical disclosures can make according to the present invention and various not depart from the other each of essence of the invention
The specific variations and combinations of kind, these variations and combinations are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental provision, which is characterized in that including experimental plate (1), the first electricity
Source (2), the first copper electrode (3), the second copper electrode (4), electromagnet (5), second source (6), multimeter (7), the first electroprobe (8)
With the second electroprobe (9)；
The experimental plate (1) is rectangular parallelepiped structure, and first copper electrode (3) and the second copper electrode (4) are from experimental plate (1)
In top surface loading test plate (1), the positive and negative two-stage of first power supply (2) respectively with the first copper electrode (3) and the second copper electrode
(4) it connects；
The electromagnet (5) is at least two pieces, and every block of electromagnet includes both threads foot, and positive and negative the two of the second source (6)
Grade is connect with the both threads foot of every block of electromagnet (5) respectively, and two pieces of electromagnet (5) are bonded respectively is set to experimental plate (1)
Front and back, and two pieces of electromagnet (5) are opposite with the one side polarity that experimental plate (1) is bonded；
The multimeter (7) is directly contacting experimental plate (1) just by the first electroprobe (8) connected to it and the second electroprobe (9)
Face, for measuring the voltage between the first electroprobe (8) and the second electroprobe (9).
2. homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental provision according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the reality
Testing plate (1) includes copper plate body (11), and two sides of the copper plate body (11) are enclosed with insulation rubber (12), the copper
The front and back of making sheet body (11) draws that have unit be the graduation mark (13) of mm, between top surface of the copper plate body (11) etc.
It being provided with several screw holes (14) away from ground, first copper electrode (3) and the second copper electrode (4) are inserted into screw hole (14), and
It is fixed by cap nut, the bottom of the copper plate body (11) is provided with the plastic stent (15) of triangle.
3. homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental provision according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the copper
The length of making sheet body (11) is 1m, is highly 0.5m, with a thickness of 1cm, the screw hole (14) has 39, two adjacent screw holes
(14) 5cm is divided between, the depth of the screw hole (14) is 0.5cm, diameter 0.3cm.
4. homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental provision according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
One power supply (2) includes DC power supply and AC power source, and the output voltage range of the DC power supply is 0-30V, exports electric current model
It encloses for 0-3A；The output voltage range of the AC power source is 0-300V, reference frequency output 45Hz-500Hz.
5. homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental provision according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
One copper electrode (3) and the second copper electrode (4) are that diameter is 0.3cm, and length is the cylindrical electrode of 1cm.
6. homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental provision according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electricity
The model ELE-P25/11 of magnet (5), the second source (6) are 24V DC power supply.
7. homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental provision according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described ten thousand
It is 1mA, voltage measurement accuracy 1mV with the current measurement precision of table (7).
8. a kind of homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental method, which comprises the following steps:
S1, the experiment of equipotentiality iso-surface patch is carried out using DC power supply；
S2, skin effect experiment is carried out using AC power source.
9. homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the step
Rapid S1 include it is following step by step:
S11, the first copper electrode (3) and the second copper electrode (4) are utilized respectively the positive and negative two-stage that conducting wire is connected to DC power supply；
S12, the 19th and the 21st that the first copper electrode (3) and the second copper electrode (4) are inserted into copper plate body (11) top surface respectively
In a screw hole (14), and fixed by cap nut；
S13, DC power supply switch is opened, is measured using the 0.5V voltage gear of multimeter (7), to DC power output voltage
After stabilization, two electroprobes are drawn from the ammeter wiring column of multimeter (7), are measured on experimental plate (1)；
S14, equipotentiality point is found according to ammeter pointer deflection situation, and by equipotentiality point-rendering on experimental plate (1)；
S15, blank sheet of paper is fixed on experimental plate (1) using electromagnet (5), the equipotentiality point drawn on experimental plate (1) is incident upon
On blank sheet of paper, and five equipotential lines that potential is 0.1V, 0.2V, 0.3V, 0.4V and 0.5V are drawn out respectively by connecting equipotentiality point；
S16, the position of the first copper electrode (3) and the second copper electrode (4) is replaced, repeats step S13~S15, draws more twice
The equipotential lines being made；
S17, by the output voltage setting of DC power supply be 1V, electricity is drawn out using method identical with step S13~S15 respectively
Gesture is five equipotential lines of 0.2V, 0.4V, 0.6V, 0.8V and 1V；
S18, the output voltage that DC power supply is successively increased according to the incrementss of 0.5V, using side identical with step S13~S15
Method draws out every group of five equipotential lines respectively, and the drafting of equipotential surface is completed according to all equipotential lines；
S19, the first copper electrode (3) and the second copper electrode (4) are respectively moved in the adjacent screw hole (14) in outside, and used
Method identical with step S13~S18 draws out the equipotential surface of counter electrode position, successively by the first copper electrode (3) and second
Copper electrode (4) is displaced outwardly, until being moved to the 1st and the 39th screw hole (14) and the equipotentiality for drawing out counter electrode position
The experiment of equipotentiality iso-surface patch is completed in face.
10. homogeneous half space plane electric fields distribution characteristics experimental method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that described
Step S2 include it is following step by step:
S21, the first copper electrode (3) and the second copper electrode (4) are utilized respectively the positive and negative two-stage that conducting wire is connected to AC power source；
S22, the 1st and the 39th that the first copper electrode (3) and the second copper electrode (4) are inserted into copper plate body (11) top surface respectively
In screw hole (14), and fixed by cap nut；
S23, ac power switch is opened, and is 0.5V, frequency 45Hz by output voltage setting, the output to AC power source is electric
After stream is stablized, two electroprobes are drawn from the alternating voltage shelves binding post of multimeter (7) and are in contact with experimental plate (1)；
S24, keep the spacing between two electroprobes for 20cm, middle line level moves down along experimental plate (1), every time mobile interval
10cm records the voltage data of each test point；
S25, keep output voltage values constant for 0.5V, successively changing output voltage frequency is 100Hz, 200Hz and 300Hz, weight
Multiple step S24 obtains the voltage data of each test point under different frequency, and according to the voltage of test point each under different frequency
Data verification skin effect.
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| CN112014626A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-12-01 | 南京信息工程大学 | Skin effect measuring device and method |
| CN112067909A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-12-11 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Electric field sensor with differential double-probe structure and method and system for measuring synthetic electric field of electric field sensor |
| CN112532072A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-03-19 | 南京南瑞继保电气有限公司 | Modular multi-level submodule, valve tower and alternating current withstand voltage test method |
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