CN110287558B - Establishment method of far-field radiation prediction model of DC/DC converter system - Google Patents

Establishment method of far-field radiation prediction model of DC/DC converter system Download PDF

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CN110287558B
CN110287558B CN201910511684.4A CN201910511684A CN110287558B CN 110287558 B CN110287558 B CN 110287558B CN 201910511684 A CN201910511684 A CN 201910511684A CN 110287558 B CN110287558 B CN 110287558B
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王世山
李孟子
张开颜
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for establishing a far-field radiation prediction model of a DC/DC converter system, which determines a simplified model according to a noise loop of the converter systemBasic structure of type; when the converter is in operation, node N 0 To make the transistor S a noise voltage source V n At high frequency band, input filter capacitor C in Output filter capacitor C out The inductance L is considered as a short circuit and as an open circuit. According to the parasitic capacitance of the common-mode noise loop of the cable and the converter and the actual circuit structure, a proper equivalent antenna model is established, so that the model and the actual circuit have the same capacitive coupling parameters, and the aim of predicting the far-field radiation of the actual converter system by using the equivalent model is fulfilled.

Description

Establishment method of far-field radiation prediction model of DC/DC converter system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of predicting far-field radiation noise of a converter, and relates to a far-field radiation prediction model based on capacitive coupling.
Background
The trend of miniaturization, integration and high frequency of the power converter makes the problem of electromagnetic interference in the system more prominent. The existing test environments such as anechoic chambers, transverse electromagnetic wave chambers and the like bring standardized evaluation means for far-field radiation of the converter; however, such test environments only give a direct result of the magnitude of the field strength and do not allow an analysis of the radiation mechanism of the converter system.
The far field radiation of the converter is mainly caused by the common mode current of the cable; capacitive coupling between the cable, the PCB and the infinite earth plane provides a path for common mode current; power electronics high frequency switching is a cause of common mode noise generation. By analyzing the capacitive coupling and the noise source voltage spectrum in the converter system using appropriate methods, the far field radiation of the system can be effectively analyzed.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to predict far-field radiation of a DC/DC converter system, the invention provides a method for establishing a far-field radiation prediction Model of the DC/DC converter system, and the method provides a simple Antenna Model (Simplified Antenna Model in a frequency-field radiation for power converter, SAM)) for predicting the far-field radiation of the DC/DC converter based on capacitive coupling, and establishes a voltage-driven Antenna equivalent Model according to parasitic capacitance parameters of a cable and a printed circuit board and a noise voltage spectrum of a noise source, so as to predict the far-field radiation of the converter. The modeling and prediction problems of far-field radiation emission of the DC/DC converter under the condition of cable connection are solved.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for establishing a far-field radiation prediction model of a DC/DC converter system comprises the following steps:
step 1, determining a basic structure of a simplified model according to a noise loop of a converter system;
step 2, when the converter works, the node N 0 By the sudden change of voltage and current, the transistor S becomes a noise voltage source V n At high frequency band, input filter capacitor C in An output filter capacitor C out The inductor L is regarded as a short circuit and the inductor L is regarded as an open circuit; the circulation path of the common mode current is as follows: current-through parasitic capacitance-C 1 Flows in through the input filter capacitor C in The second current passes through the second parasitic capacitor C 2 The two currents are mixed and then flow through the transistor S, so that the transistor S becomes a noise voltage source V n Then through a parasitic capacitance of three C CM Flowing into the ground;
equivalent transformation can obtain cable and noise source node N 0 Has a coupling capacitance of
Figure BDA0002093693080000011
Wherein, C cp For cable and noise source node N 0 A coupling capacitance therebetween;
step 3, the equivalent coupling path of the common mode current is as follows: noise voltage source V n Parasitic capacitance C on anode side CM Parasitic capacitance three C CM Grounded, noisy voltage source V n Composite capacitor C connected with anode side 3 Composite capacitance C 3 Grounding, composite capacitance C 3 Is parasitic capacitance of one C 1 + parasitic capacitance two C 2 ；
Step 4, obtaining an antenna model SAM according to the equivalent coupling path of the common mode current, wherein the antenna model SAM adopts an upper polar plate to represent a node N 0 (ii) a The cable sequentially connects the lower polar plate and the noise voltage source V n Upper electrode plate connected to capacitor C 10 One end of the capacitor is connected with the upper polar plate, the other end is grounded, and the capacitor is three-C 3 One end of the upper polar plate is connected with the upper polar plate, the other end is grounded, and the radius r of the upper polar plate 1 Radius of lower plate r 2 Distance h between plates, radius r of upper plate 1 Radius r of lower polar plate 2 The distance h between the polar plates is iteratively calculated to ensure that the capacitor is ten C 10 And parasitic capacitance of three C CM Equal; the length and the diameter of the cable are subjected to iterative calculation to obtain C 3 And C 1 +C 2 Is smaller than the tolerance t.
Preferably: the converter system comprises a converter and an input side power supply V in Connected conducting wire, input filter capacitor C in An output filter capacitor C out Parasitic capacitance C 1 Parasitic capacitance two C 2 A transistor S, PCB plate, an inductor L, a diode D, and a parasitic capacitor three C CM Resistance R load Wherein the input filter capacitor C in Output filter capacitor C out One end of the first and second connecting wires is connected to a power supply V respectively in Positive electrode, input filter capacitor C in An output filter capacitor C out The other end of the power supply is connected with a power supply V through a lead in Negative electrode, node N 0 The region is formed by connecting the drain electrode of the transistor S, the inductor L and the diode D on the PCB; one end of the inductor L is connected with the input filter capacitor C in The negative side of the power supply, the other end is connected to the node N 0 One end of the diode D is connected to the node N 0 The other end is connected with an output filter capacitor C out Negative side of power supply, resistance R load Are respectively connected to output filter capacitors C out On both ends of the transistor S, the drain of the transistor S being connected to a node N 0 The source electrode of the transistor S is connected with the input filter capacitor C in The negative side of the power supply, the parasitic capacitance C 1 One end of the power supply is connected with a power supply V in The other end of the positive side wire is grounded, and the parasitic capacitor II C 2 One end of the power supply is connected with a power supply V in The other end of the negative side wire is grounded, and the parasitic capacitance is three C CM One end is connected with the node N 0 And the other end is grounded.
Preferably: the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate adopt a circular layout.
Preferably: the radius of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate and the distance between the polar plates are changed to adjust the coupling capacitance of the polar plates to an infinite ground plane.
Preferably, the following components: at the radiation test frequency band, the input filter capacitor C in Output filter capacitor C out The inductor L is regarded as a short circuit, the inductor L is regarded as an open circuit, the transistor S is a high-frequency noise voltage source, the twisted pair of cables is regarded as a single cable, and only the cable, partial microstrip lines at two ends of the noise source and the ground coupling capacitor exist in the antenna model SAM.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the parasitic capacitance of the common-mode noise loop of the cable and the converter and the actual circuit structure, a proper equivalent antenna model is established, so that the model and the actual circuit have the same capacitive coupling parameters, and the aim of predicting the far-field radiation of the actual converter system by using the equivalent model is fulfilled.
2. In the radiation test frequency band, a capacitance element in the circuit is regarded as a short circuit, an inductance element is regarded as an open circuit, and a switch device is regarded as a high-frequency noise voltage source. Therefore, a twisted pair of cables can be regarded as a single cable, and only the cable, partial microstrip lines at two ends of the noise source and the ground coupling capacitor exist in the model.
3. The emitter region and the ground plane adopt a circular layout, and the radius of the upper and lower polar plates and the distance between the polar plates are changed, so that the coupling capacitance of the polar plates to an infinite ground plane is adjusted. And a noise excitation source is added between the polar plates, so that the far-field radiation of the model can be predicted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a topology of a boost converter;
FIG. 2 is a high frequency common mode current loop of the converter;
FIG. 3 is a common mode current equivalent coupling path;
FIG. 4 is the core structure of the SAM;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a SAM structure;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of SAM design and establishment;
the individual physical quantities are explained in the text below:
V in -an input side power supply; c in -input filteringA capacitor; c out -an output filter capacitor; c 1 -a first parasitic capacitance; c 2 -a second parasitic capacitance; S-MOSFET; l is an inductance; d is a diode; c CM -parasitic capacitance three, R load -a load resistance; v n -a noise voltage source; c 3 ——C 1 And C 2 The parallel equivalent capacitance of (1); c 10 -capacitance of the upper plate to the reference plane; r is a radical of hydrogen 1 -upper plate radius; r is a radical of hydrogen 2 -the radius of the lower plate; h is the distance between the polar plates; r is s 、d s -the radius and height of the shell; r is e -the radius of the upper plate; r is a radical of hydrogen p -the radius of the lower plate; t is t e 、t p -the thickness of the upper and lower plates; d is a radical of es The distance between the upper polar plate and the upper surface of the shell; d is a radical of ep -the distance between the upper and lower plates; d sp The distance between the lower pole plate and the lower surface of the shell; t is t e 、t p -upper and lower plate thickness.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments, it is to be understood that these examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention, since various equivalent modifications will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present invention and fall within the limits of the appended claims.
A method for establishing a far-field radiation prediction model of a DC/DC converter system comprises the following steps:
1. in a far-field radiation model, a SAM establishment method. Firstly, determining a basic structure of a simplified model according to a noise loop of a converter system; and then determining the size and the relative position of each element in the equivalent model according to the capacitive coupling of each circuit structure in the noise loop to the ground, so that the equivalent model has the same capacitance to the ground as the actual system.
2. A method for perfecting SAM. When the input and output of the cable are provided with the cable, extra S parameter extraction is carried out on two ports of the cable, and then the equivalent size of a power supply or a load in the model is corrected, so that the model has the same two-port S parameters.
As shown in fig. 5, the method specifically includes the following steps:
step 1, determining a basic structure of a simplified model according to a noise loop of a converter system;
as shown in fig. 1, in the Boost converter, the converter system includes an input side power supply V in Connected to the input side power supply V in The connected wires are twisted pair cables and input filter capacitors C in An output filter capacitor C out Parasitic capacitance-C 1 Parasitic capacitance two C 2 A transistor S, PCB plate, an inductor L, a diode D, and a parasitic capacitor three C CM Resistance R load Wherein the input filter capacitor C in An output filter capacitor C out One end of the first and second connecting wires is connected to a power supply V respectively in Positive electrode, input filter capacitor C in Output filter capacitor C out The other end of the power supply is connected with a power supply V through a lead in Negative electrode, node N 0 The region is formed by connecting the drain electrode of the transistor S, the inductor L and the diode D on the PCB; one end of the inductor L is connected with the input filter capacitor C in The negative side of the power supply, and the other end is connected to a node N 0 One end of the diode D is connected to the node N 0 The other end is connected with an output filter capacitor C out Negative side of power supply, resistance R load Are respectively connected to output filter capacitors C out At the drain of the transistor S is connected at a node N 0 A source electrode of the transistor S is connected with the input filter capacitor C in The negative side of the power supply, the parasitic capacitance C 1 One end of the power supply is connected with a power supply V in The other end of the positive side wire is grounded, and the parasitic capacitor II C 2 One end of the power supply is connected with a power supply V in The other end of the negative side wire is grounded, and the parasitic capacitance is three C CM One end is connected with the node N 0 And the other end is grounded.
C can be obtained using appropriate analytical or numerical methods 1 、C 2 、C CM . In addition, when the input (output) cable is connected with a power supply (load), the transistor S parameter of the two ports of the cable is extracted.
In the step 2, the step of mixing the raw materials,node N when the converter is in operation 0 To make the transistor S a noise voltage source V n In the high frequency band (30-1000 MHz), the input filter capacitor C in Output filter capacitor C out The inductor L is regarded as a short circuit and the inductor L is regarded as an open circuit; the path for the common mode current is shown in dashed lines in fig. 1. The circulation path of the common mode current is as follows: current-through parasitic capacitance-C 1 Flows in through the input filter capacitor C in The second current passes through the parasitic capacitor II C 2 In, two currents are mixed and flow through the transistor S, so that the transistor S becomes a noise voltage source V n Then through a parasitic capacitance of three C CM Flowing into the ground;
the common mode current path of the converter system is proposed separately, as shown in fig. 2, and the cable and the noise source node N can be obtained through equivalent conversion 0 Has a coupling capacitance of
Figure BDA0002093693080000041
Wherein, C cp For cable and noise source node N 0 A coupling capacitance therebetween;
step 3, as shown in fig. 3, the equivalent coupling path of the common mode current is: noise voltage source V n Parasitic capacitance C on anode side CM Parasitic capacitance three C CM Grounded, noisy voltage source V n Positive side connection composite capacitor C 3 Composite capacitance C 3 Grounding, composite capacitance C 3 Is parasitic capacitance of one C 1 + parasitic capacitance two C 2 ；
Step 4, qualitatively implementing on the basis of the radiation model schematic diagram of fig. 3 to obtain a simple antenna model SAM for practical analysis, that is, obtaining an antenna model SAM (voltage-driven antenna equivalent model) according to the equivalent coupling path of the common mode current, as shown in fig. 4, the antenna model SAM uses the upper plate to represent the node N 0 (ii) a The cable sequentially connects the lower polar plate and the noise voltage source V n Upper electrode plate connected to capacitor C 10 One end of the capacitor is connected with the upper polar plate, the other end is grounded, and the capacitor is three-C 3 One end is connected with the upper polar plate, and the other end is grounded. C CM 、C 1 +C 2 Respectively correspond to C 10 And C 3 。
To make the model of FIG. 4 realize C 10 ＝C CM 、C+＝C 1 +C 2 The parameters of the SAM should also be adjusted. Considering that in most cases the PCB conductors are irregularly shaped, the use of circular plates helps to reduce the model parameters for ease of modeling and calculation, as well as to facilitate the modification of the model for iteration. The structural size of SAM is as shown in 5,r s 、d s Radius and height of the housing (conductor 0), r e 、r p Radius of the pole plate, t e 、t p Is the thickness of the plate, d es 、d ep 、d sp The distance between the two polar plates and the shell is respectively. The basic flow of the iterative algorithm is shown in fig. 6, and the distance between two polar plates and the thickness of the partial polar plate of the PCB adopt the parameters of an actual circuit board; radius r of upper polar plate 1 Radius r of lower polar plate 2 Distance h between plates, radius r of upper plate 1 Radius of lower plate r 2 And carrying out iterative calculation on the distance h between the polar plates to ensure that the capacitance is ten C 10 And parasitic capacitance of three C CM Equal; similarly, the length and diameter of the cable in the model of FIG. 4 are iteratively calculated to obtain C 3 And C 1 +C 2 Is smaller than the tolerance t. The effects of the dc power supply should also be taken into account when the input cable is connected to the dc power supply.
The iterative algorithm comprises the following specific steps:
1. determining an initial value: according to the aforementioned SAM core structure, the SAM has the characteristics of a parallel plate capacitor. To reduce the iteration variance, the plate spacing d is first determined ep (ii) a D is selected directly according to the thickness and material of the PCB substrate of the actual converter system ep And ε rep The initial value of (c). Determination of d ep Then r is obtained e Initial value of
Figure BDA0002093693080000051
Similarly, d sp Should also be equal toThe thickness of the seat is equal according to
Figure BDA0002093693080000052
To obtain r p Initial value of
Figure BDA0002093693080000053
And C 12 、C 20 By iterative difference of conductor radii, C 10 Through d es Adjusting; d es Should be small (d) es <10d ep ) Usually select
Figure BDA0002093693080000054
2. Setting an iteration format: after the initial value is determined, the iterative format of the corresponding structure parameter can be obtained by using the similar principle
Figure BDA0002093693080000055
/>
Figure BDA0002093693080000056
Figure BDA0002093693080000057
And the radius of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate and the polar plate distance are changed to adjust the coupling capacitance of the polar plate to an infinite ground plane. And a noise excitation source is added between the polar plates, so that the far-field radiation of the model can be predicted.
Therefore, in the radiation test frequency band, the input filter capacitor C in An output filter capacitor C out The inductor L is regarded as a short circuit, the inductor L is regarded as an open circuit, the transistor S is a high-frequency noise voltage source, the twisted pair of cables are regarded as a single cable, and only the cable, partial microstrip lines at two ends of the noise source and the ground coupler exist in the SAM of the antenna modelAnd (6) combining the capacitors.
Through the process, the SAM and the actual converter system have the same far-field radiation characteristic. The SAM is subjected to materialization to obtain a test module capable of performing far-field radiation analysis on the converter system.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for establishing a far-field radiation prediction model of a DC/DC converter system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, determining a basic structure of a simplified model according to a noise loop of a converter system;
step 2, when the converter works, the node N of the noise source 0 By the sudden change of voltage and current, the transistor S becomes a noise voltage source V n At high frequency band, input filter capacitor C in Output filter capacitor C out The inductor L is regarded as a short circuit and the inductor L is regarded as an open circuit; the circulation path of the common mode current is as follows: current-through parasitic capacitance-C 1 Flows in through the input filter capacitor C in The second current passes through the parasitic capacitor II C 2 The two currents are mixed and then flow through the transistor S, so that the transistor S becomes a noise voltage source V n Then through a parasitic capacitance of three C CM Flowing into the ground; equivalent transformation can obtain cable and noise source node N 0 Has a coupling capacitance of
Figure FDA0003955164140000011
Wherein, C cp For cable and noise source node N 0 A coupling capacitance therebetween;
step 3, the equivalent coupling path of the common mode current is as follows: noise voltage source V n Parasitic capacitance C on anode side CM Parasitic capacitance three C CM Grounded, noisy voltage source V n Composite electricity connected with anode sideContainer C 3 Composite capacitance C 3 Grounding, composite capacitance C 3 Is parasitic capacitance of one C 1 + parasitic capacitance two C 2 ；
Step 4, obtaining an antenna model SAM according to the equivalent coupling path of the common mode current, wherein the antenna model SAM adopts an upper polar plate to represent a noise source node N 0 (ii) a The cable sequentially connects the lower polar plate and the noise voltage source V n Upper electrode plate connected to capacitor C 10 One end of the capacitor is connected with the upper polar plate, the other end is grounded, and the capacitor is three-C 3 One end of the upper polar plate is connected with the upper polar plate, the other end is grounded, and the radius r of the upper polar plate 1 Radius of lower plate r 2 Distance h between plates, radius r of upper plate 1 Radius r of lower polar plate 2 The distance h between the polar plates is iteratively calculated to ensure that the capacitor is ten C 10 And parasitic capacitance of three C CM Equal; performing iterative calculation on the length and the diameter of the cable to obtain C 3 And C 1 +C 2 Is smaller than the tolerance t.
2. The prediction model established based on the establishment method of the far-field radiation prediction model of the DC/DC converter system according to claim 1, wherein: the converter system comprises a converter and an input side power supply V in Connected conducting wire, input filter capacitor C in Output filter capacitor C out Parasitic capacitance-C 1 Parasitic capacitance two C 2 A transistor S, PCB plate, an inductor L, a diode D, and a parasitic capacitor three C CM Resistance R load Wherein the input filter capacitor C in An output filter capacitor C out One end of the power supply is respectively connected with a power supply V through a lead in Positive electrode, input filter capacitor C in An output filter capacitor C out The other end of the power supply is connected with a power supply V through a lead in Negative electrode, noise source node N 0 The region is formed by connecting the drain electrode of the transistor S, the inductor L and the diode D on the PCB; one end of the inductor L is connected with the input filter capacitor C in The other end of the power supply is connected to a node N of the noise source 0 One end of the diode D is connected to the node N of the noise source 0 The other end is connected with an output filter capacitor C out On the negative side of the power supply,resistance R load Are respectively connected with output filter capacitors C out At both ends of the transistor S, the drain of the transistor S is connected to the noise source node N 0 A source electrode of the transistor S is connected with the input filter capacitor C in The negative side of the power supply, the parasitic capacitance C 1 One end of the power supply is connected with a power supply V in The other end of the positive side wire is grounded, and the parasitic capacitor II C 2 One end of the power supply is connected with a power supply V in The other end of the negative side wire is grounded, and the parasitic capacitance is three C CM One end of the node is connected with the noise source node N 0 And the other end is grounded.
3. The prediction model established according to the establishment method of the far-field radiation prediction model of the DC/DC converter system, which is described in claim 2, wherein: the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate adopt a circular layout.
4. The prediction model established based on the establishment method of the far-field radiation prediction model of the DC/DC converter system according to claim 3, wherein: and the radius of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate and the polar plate distance are changed to adjust the coupling capacitance of the polar plate to an infinite ground plane.
5. The prediction model established based on the establishment method of the far-field radiation prediction model of the DC/DC converter system according to claim 4, wherein: at the radiation test frequency band, the input filter capacitor C in An output filter capacitor C out The inductor L is regarded as a short circuit, the inductor L is regarded as an open circuit, the transistor S is a high-frequency noise voltage source, the twisted pair of cables is regarded as a single cable, and only the cable, partial microstrip lines at two ends of the noise source and the ground coupling capacitor exist in the antenna model SAM.
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