CN110285655A - A kind of Hericium erinaceus drying system and method that pulsed microwave is hot air combined - Google Patents
A kind of Hericium erinaceus drying system and method that pulsed microwave is hot air combined Download PDFInfo
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- CN110285655A CN110285655A CN201910665114.0A CN201910665114A CN110285655A CN 110285655 A CN110285655 A CN 110285655A CN 201910665114 A CN201910665114 A CN 201910665114A CN 110285655 A CN110285655 A CN 110285655A
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- hericium erinaceus
- air
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- drying
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- 240000000588 Hericium erinaceus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 235000007328 Hericium erinaceus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 206010013786 Dry skin Diseases 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000030523 Catechol oxidase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010031396 Catechol oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000000513 principal component analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282693 Cercopithecidae Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001062009 Indigofera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001079 digestive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036737 immune function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002686 mushroom body Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000001741 organic sulfur group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000010076 replication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004043 responsiveness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N12/00—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts
- A23N12/08—Machines for cleaning, blanching, drying or roasting fruits or vegetables, e.g. coffee, cocoa, nuts for drying or roasting
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
- F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
- F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
- F26B15/18—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined the objects or batches of materials being carried by endless belts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
- F26B21/04—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure partly outside the drying enclosure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/08—Humidity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/10—Temperature; Pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/06—Controlling, e.g. regulating, parameters of gas supply
- F26B21/12—Velocity of flow; Quantity of flow, e.g. by varying fan speed, by modifying cross flow area
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
- F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
- F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B9/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards
- F26B9/06—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects at rest or with only local agitation; Domestic airing cupboards in stationary drums or chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2200/02—Biomass, e.g. waste vegetative matter, straw
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to microwave drying technical fields, disclose a kind of Hericium erinaceus drying system and method that pulsed microwave is hot air combined, which is made of the units such as the pre- air-dried bucket of built-in helical feed track, tunnel type pulse microwave evaporation tank, hot-air seasoning bucket, hydrofuge and air quantity control system with conveyer belt, hot air circulating system and man-machine interactive PLC control cabinet.The innovation characteristic of the hot air combined Hericium erinaceus drying system of pulsed microwave of the present invention, it is using the hot air combined stoving process of pulsed microwave, Hericium erinaceus hydrone is directly acted on using the different pulsed microwave signals of raised cosine APC modulation technique periodicity output power size, match aqueous vapor discharge in inside when Hericium erinaceus drying and dehydrating with external heated-air drying, guarantee Hericium erinaceus superior quality holding and dry product appearance it is beautiful, not only reach drying requirement, but also lower consumption time saving.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to microwave drying technical fields more particularly to a kind of Hericium erinaceus that pulsed microwave is hot air combined to dry
System and method.
Background technique
Unsaturated fatty acid contained by Hericium erinaceus, is conducive to blood circulation, can reduce the cholesterol level in blood, is high
Blood pressure, cardiovascular patient ultimate food.Immune function of human body can be improved, delaying sanility is big to Infusion in Patients with Digestive
There is benifit, is the ultimate food of the suitable meals of suitable medicine.
Currently, water content is high since Hericium erinaceus individual unlike other edible mushrooms is big rounded.In hot-air seasoning
In processing, if temperature is excessively high, to will cause tissue dehydration too fast, and the evaporation of extexine moisture is fast, and the moisture for lockking internal layer instead steams
Hair, is unfavorable for drying, while the activity for enhancing polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase causes brown stain, makes darkening for dry product.
Effective component is not only lost, and the appearance of dry product is made to be deteriorated, temperature too low drying time is up to more than ten hours, time-consuming, energy consumption
Deficiency in economic performance.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is:
Hericium erinaceus is since its shape is special, and free surface moisture evaporation is difficult to control in Hericium erinaceus body in hot-air seasoning treatment process
System, to influence drying effect and productivity effect.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of drying of Hericium erinaceus that pulsed microwave is hot air combined
System and method, present invention application raised cosine APC pulse Frequency-variable Modulation technology cycle adjust microwave output power and form pulse
Type micro-wave signal merges hot-flue dryer, and water evaporation rate is promoted inside and outside Hericium erinaceus to match, at the same make polyphenol oxidase and
Peroxidase loses activity, and reduces browning degree, promotes Hericium erinaceus dry product quality, saves energy consumption and time.
The invention is realized in this way a kind of Hericium erinaceus drying system that pulsed microwave is hot air combined is provided with
Pre- air-dried bucket；
It is provided with material inlet on the upside of pre- air-dried bucket, pre- air-dried fan built in top, pre- air-dried bucket is welded with U-shaped steel pipe, U-shaped
The meshed stainless steel spiral delivery track of steel-pipe welding；
Controllable type conveyer belt is socketed with inside pre- air-dried bucket, stainless steel spiral delivery track discharge port is located at controllable type transmission
Band upper end, controllable type conveyer belt are socketed on the transmission device on tunnel type pulse microwave evaporation tank；The socket of controllable type conveyer belt
Inside hot-air seasoning bucket, hot-air seasoning bucket bottom has been bolted hydrofuge and blast volume controller, hot-air seasoning bucket outside
It is provided with discharge port；Tunnel type pulse microwave evaporation tank is connect by electric signal with man-machine interactive PLC control cabinet.
Further, there are three vaporization chamber, three vaporization chambers lead to respectively for the tunnel type pulse microwave evaporation tank upper end setting
Hot air circulating pipe is crossed to connect with hot-air seasoning bucket.
Further, the controllable type conveyer belt and pre- air-dried bucket joint are equipped with heat insulation curtain, close with hot-air seasoning bucket
Connection.
Further, the pulsed microwave signal source of the hot air combined Hericium erinaceus drying system of the pulsed microwave is equivalent
Circuit includes: rectification module, switch tube module, feedback module and magnetron equivalent circuit；
Filter inductance, filter capacitor and rectification module form current rectifying and wave filtering circuit；
Switch tube module is made of two switching tubes with anti-paralleled diode；
Load equivalent module is for the parasitic capacitance between equivalent load cathode and anode.
Further, the feedback module is made of programmable signal controller and APC converter, programmable signal controller
Amplitude can be generated according to operating condition and period adjustable raised cosine controls signal；APC converts raised cosine control signal wire to
The adjustable pulse of two-way complementary duty cycle, frequency provides input pulse for switch tube module.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of hot air combined Hericium erinaceus drying of pulsed microwave described in execution
The hot air combined Hericium erinaceus furnace drying method of the pulsed microwave of system, the hot air combined Hericium erinaceus drying side of the pulsed microwave
Method the following steps are included:
Hericium erinaceus is placed on helical feed track by step 1 by feed inlet, makes Hericium erinaceus in wind-force and gravity
Take advantage of a situation under collective effect and slide down, carried out during landing it is pre- air-dry, and pass through the weighing below helical feed track
Sensor completes the dynamic weighing to Hericium erinaceus；
Step 2, slides the Hericium erinaceus to get off and falls on conveyer belt, is forward conveyed by conveyer belt；By microwave steam
Case is sent out, microwave evaporation case is controlled by PLC control cabinet, generates pulsed using periodical raised cosine modulation variable frequency microwave source
It is controllable to realize that microwave power can linearly reconcile warm up cycle for microwave signal, the speeds match moved outside control Hericium erinaceus internal moisture
The speed of surface layer evaporation；
Step 3, the Hericium erinaceus that microwave evaporation case comes out drop into hot-air seasoning bucket, hot-air seasoning bucket using hydrofuge and
Blast volume controller controls the air quantity in hot-air seasoning bucket；
Step 4 adjusts internal temperature by PLC in hot-air seasoning bucket, to reach the drying requirement under different temperatures,
It realizes that self internal hot air circulation saves energy consumption by hot air circulating pipe, accelerates the drying of Hericium erinaceus.
Advantages of the present invention and good effect are as follows: the present invention uses the hot air combined stoving process of pulsed microwave, passes through week
The different microwave signal of phase property output power size directly acts on Hericium erinaceus hydrone, inside Hericium erinaceus when drying and dehydrating
Aqueous vapor discharge and the external matched innovation advantage of heated-air drying, guarantee Hericium erinaceus superior quality holding and dry product appearance it is beautiful
It is beautiful, not only reach drying requirement, but also lower consumption time saving.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the hot air combined Hericium erinaceus drying system of pulsed microwave provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
In figure: 1, pre- air-dried bucket；2, helical feed track；3, controllable type conveyer belt；4, tunnel type pulse microwave evaporation tank；
5, man-machine interactive PLC control cabinet；6, hot-air seasoning bucket；7, hydrofuge and blast volume controller；8, hot air circulating pipe；9, it feeds
Mouthful；10, pre- air-dried fan；11, discharge port.
Fig. 2 is hot air combined Hericium erinaceus furnace drying method (technique) process of pulsed microwave provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Figure.
Fig. 3 is the pulsed microwave of the hot air combined Hericium erinaceus drying system of pulsed microwave provided in an embodiment of the present invention
Signal source equivalent circuit diagram；
In figure: L1 is filter inductance；C1 is filter capacitor；Lr, Lm and Cr are respectively resonant inductance and resonant capacitance；T is
Ideal transformer；R1 and R0 is respectively the load equivalent resistance of resonant state and non-resonant condition.
Fig. 4 is new fresh Hericium erinaceus sample volatile component provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
In figure: 1, inorganic sulphide；2, organic sulfur compound is represented；3, alkane, aromatic substance；4, alkane substance；5, ethyl alcohol
Substance.
Fig. 5 is the Hericium erinaceus sample volatile component figure after pulsed microwave+heated-air drying provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
In figure: 1, inorganic sulphide；2, organic sulfur compound is represented；3, alkane, aromatic substance.
Fig. 6 is the Hericium erinaceus sample volatile component figure after heated-air drying provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
In figure: 1, inorganic sulphide；2, organic sulfur compound is represented；3, alkane, aromatic substance.
Fig. 7 is the PCA figure of sample after new fresh Hericium erinaceus provided in an embodiment of the present invention and two kinds of different modes dryings；
In figure: 1, representing new fresh Hericium erinaceus；2, the dry Hericium erinaceus of pulsed microwave；3, heated-air drying Hericium erinaceus.
Fig. 8 is the Loadings figure of sample after new fresh Hericium erinaceus provided in an embodiment of the present invention and two kinds of dryings；
In figure: 1, representing inorganic sulphide 2, represent organic sulfur compound；3, alkane, aromatic substance are represented；4, alkane object is represented；
5, ethyl alcohol object is represented；6, methane object is represented；7, hydrogen object is represented；8, fragrant benzene class object is represented；9, oxynitrides is represented；10, ammonia
Water, aromatic substance.
Fig. 9 is the LDA figure of sample after new fresh Hericium erinaceus provided in an embodiment of the present invention and two kinds of dryings；
In figure: 1, representing new fresh Hericium erinaceus；2, pulsed microwave+heated-air drying Hericium erinaceus；3, heated-air drying Hericium erinaceus.
Specific embodiment
In order to further understand the content, features and effects of the present invention, the following examples are hereby given, and cooperate attached drawing
Detailed description are as follows.
For Hericium erinaceus, the special inside and outside aqueous vapor discharge of mushroom body is asynchronous during drying and processing, so as to cause being difficult to
To the practical problem of good drying effect.Present invention application raised cosine APC Frequency-variable Modulation technology generates pulsed microwave signal,
Merge hot-flue dryer, water evaporation rate promoted inside and outside Hericium erinaceus to match, promote Hericium erinaceus dry product quality, save energy consumption and
Time.
Structure of the invention is explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, the hot air combined Hericium erinaceus drying system of pulsed microwave provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes: pre-
Air-dry bucket 1, helical feed track 2, controllable type conveyer belt 3, tunnel type pulse microwave evaporation tank 4, man-machine interactive PLC control
Cabinet 5, hot-air seasoning bucket 6, hydrofuge and blast volume controller 7, hot air circulating pipe 8, feed inlet 9, pre- air-dried fan 10, discharge port
11。
Material inlet 9, pre- air-dried fan 10 built in top are provided on the upside of pre- air-dried bucket 1, pre- air-dried bucket 1 is welded with U-shaped steel
Pipe, U-shaped steel pipe weld meshed stainless steel spiral delivery track 2, and the weighing sensor by 2 lower section of helical feed track is complete
The dynamic weighing of pairs of Hericium erinaceus.
Controllable type conveyer belt 3 is socketed with inside pre- air-dried bucket 1,2 discharge port of stainless steel spiral delivery track is located at controllable type
3 upper end of conveyer belt, controllable type conveyer belt 3 are socketed on the transmission device on tunnel type pulse microwave evaporation tank 4；Controllable type transmission
Band 3 is socketed in inside hot-air seasoning bucket 6, and 6 bottom of hot-air seasoning bucket has been bolted hydrofuge and blast volume controller 7, hot wind
Discharge port 11 is provided on the outside of drying bucket 6.
For the setting of tunnel type pulse microwave evaporation tank upper end there are three vaporization chamber, three vaporization chambers pass through hot air circulating pipe respectively
Road 8 is connect with hot-air seasoning bucket 6.
Controllable type conveyer belt 3 and pre- air-dried bucket joint are equipped with heat insulation curtain, close and connect with hot-air seasoning bucket；Tunnel type
Pulse microwave evaporation tank 4 is connect by electric signal with man-machine interactive PLC control cabinet 5.
As shown in Fig. 2, the Hericium erinaceus furnace drying method that pulsed microwave provided in an embodiment of the present invention is hot air combined, specific to wrap
Include following steps:
S101: firstly, Hericium erinaceus is placed on helical feed track by feed inlet, so that Hericium erinaceus is taken advantage of a situation and slide down
It falls, carried out during landing pre- air-dried and Hericium erinaceus is moved by the weighing sensor completion below helical feed track
State weighing；
S102: sliding the Hericium erinaceus to get off and fall on conveyer belt, is forward conveyed by conveyer belt；By microwave evaporation
Case, microwave evaporation case are controlled by PLC control cabinet, are modulated variable frequency microwave source using periodical raised cosine, are realized microwave function
It is adjustable that rate size continuously linear can reconcile warm up cycle, the speed of the speeds match surface layer evaporation moved outside control Hericium erinaceus internal moisture
Degree；
S103: the Hericium erinaceus come out drops into hot-air seasoning bucket, hot-air seasoning bucket using hydrofuge and blast volume controller and
Hot air circulating pipe controls the air quantity in hot-air seasoning bucket by hydrofuge and blast volume controller；
S104: preheating wind in hot-air seasoning bucket, internal temperature is adjusted by PID, to reach under different temperatures
Drying requirement, self internal hot air circulation is realized by hot air circulating pipe, accelerates the drying of Hericium erinaceus.
As shown in figure 3, L1 is filtered electrical in the main circuit model of used pulsed microwave source LLC resonant converter
Sense, C1 are filter capacitor, and L1, C1 and D1 module form current rectifying and wave filtering circuit.It switchs tube module and has two pole of inverse parallel by two
Switching tube V1, V2 of pipe VD1, VD2 are formed.Lr, Lm and Cr are respectively resonant inductance and resonant capacitance.T is ideal transformer.
For load equivalent module for the parasitic capacitance between equivalent load cathode and anode, R1 and R0 are respectively resonant state and disresonance shape
The load equivalent resistance of state.Feedback module is made of programmable signal controller and APC converter, and wherein programmable signal controls
Device can generate amplitude according to operating condition and period adjustable raised cosine controls signal, and APC converts raised cosine control signal wire
For two-way complementary duty cycle, the adjustable pulse of frequency, input pulse can be provided for switch tube module.Transformer secondary load end
VD3, VD4, C3 and C4 collectively constitute voltage doubling rectifing circuit, and C5 is filter capacitor, using polarity free capacitor, so as in magnetron
The adjustable operating voltage of auto linear is exported between anode and cathode, generates pulsed microwave signals.
The working principle of the invention is: Hericium erinaceus being placed on helical feed track 2 by feed inlet 9, makes Hericium erinaceus
It takes advantage of a situation and slides down, Hericium erinaceus is moved by the weighing sensor completion below helical feed track 2 during landing
State weighing；Wherein, its design feature of spiral material delivery track are as follows: on the one hand utilize the collective effect of wind-force and gravity by monkey
Head mushroom material is orderly sent into controllable type conveyer belt 3, on the other hand can be multiplexed space and carry out pre- air-dry to Hericium erinaceus.Landing is got off
Hericium erinaceus fall on controllable type conveyer belt 3, forward conveyed by controllable type conveyer belt 3.It is micro- by microwave evaporation case 4
Wave evaporation tank 4 is controlled by PLC control cabinet 5, is modulated pulsed microwave source using periodical raised cosine, is realized microwave function
It is adjustable that rate size continuously linear can reconcile warm up cycle, the speed that the speed moved outside control Hericium erinaceus internal moisture is evaporated with upper epidermis
Degree avoids forming hard shell on Hericium erinaceus surface layer.Hericium erinaceus out drops into hot-air seasoning bucket 6.Hot-air seasoning bucket 6 is using row
Wet and blast volume controller 7 and hot air circulating pipe 8 enter the wind in hot-air seasoning bucket 6 by hydrofuge and the control of blast volume controller 7
Amount, and internal temperature is adjusted by PID in hot-air seasoning bucket 6 and is followed with reaching the drying requirement under different temperatures by hot wind
Self internal hot air circulation is realized in endless tube road 8, is saved the energy, is accelerated the drying of Hericium erinaceus.
Technical effect of the invention is explained in detail below with reference to experiment.
1, drying means
Heated-air drying: weighing the Hericium erinaceus of 500g, be uniformly placed in drying box, and 45 DEG C of freeze-day with constant temperature to moisture contents are
10%, testing index.
Microwave-heated-air drying: weighing the Hericium erinaceus of 500g, be uniformly placed in drying box, 500W, pulsed microwave+heat
Air-dry it is dry to moisture content be 10%, testing index.
2, Hericium erinaceus color changes after distinct methods are dry
The color variation that chromascope measures Hericium erinaceus under the conditions of different disposal is crossed, is indicated using L*, a*, b*, b*, h* value
Color and saturation degree, each sample replication 15 times take the average value of its remainder values after rejecting maximum value and minimum value.L value
It is the integrated value for reflecting whiteness and brightness, referred to as lightness index, value shows more greatly measured matter more Bai Liang.A*, b* value are known as
Chroma index, they codetermine the tone of substance.A* value is that positive value indicates partially red, and negative value indicates partially green, the bigger table of absolute value
Show that deviation is more serious；B* value is that positive value indicates that measured matter is partially yellow, and negative value indicates that measured matter is partially blue.Tone (h*) indicates form and aspect
Difference it is namely partially red or indigo plant etc. partially, chroma (c*) indicate the difference of the bright-coloured degree of color.
As shown in table 1, fresh sample and microwave-heated-air drying sample luminance difference be not significant, and brightness value is greater than heated-air drying sample.a
Value is less than nature and shines dry sample；B value is incremented by successively, and microwave-heated-air drying is partially yellowish, the inclined yellow of heated-air drying sample；C value is successively passed
Increase, fresh sample color is relatively simple, and heated-air drying sample color is relatively bright-coloured；H value is successively reduced, fresh sample and microwave-heated-air drying sample
Difference is not significant, and presentation is white or faint yellow, and heated-air drying sample presents orange-yellow.In conclusion microwave-heated-air drying sample surface face
Relatively, heated-air drying sample and fresh sample otherness are bigger for color and fresh sample.
3, distinct methods drying time and energy consumption
2 distinct methods drying time of table and energy consumption
As shown in table 2, microwave-hot-wind-drying time is greatly shortened compared to hot-wind-drying time, and power consumption reduces
55.5%, protein content and polyoses content are superior to heated-air drying.
4, influence of the different drying means to flavor
3 parts are respectively taken, fresh and different drying samples place electronic nose detection flavor substance variation.
The flavor analysis of 4.1 fresh samples
Three parts of Fig. 4 fresh to every batch of Hericium erinaceus carry out electronic nose detection, and concern 6 responsiveness about sensor are bent
Line, every curve can represent the variation of a sensor G/G0.As can be seen from Figure 4 during starting sample introduction, G/
The relatively low but enrichment with volatile materials on a sensor of G0 value, G/G0 value reach peak value in 40s being constantly increasing
Afterwards, tend to be flat, reach stable when 70s.Using in the state of more stable, 60 to 80s period conducts are chosen
Analysis site, volatile component are mainly inorganic sulphide, organic sulfur compound, alkanes, aromatics, alcohols.
4.2 pulsed microwaves+heated-air drying Hericium erinaceus flavor analysis
Fig. 5 has carried out three parts of dry Hericium erinaceus of pulsed microwave to every batch of and has carried out electronic nose detection, compares 3 biographies
The response linearity curve of sensor, every curve among these are all to represent the variation of a sensor G/G0.From above-mentioned curve graph
It can clearly find out that G/G0 value is relatively low during starting sample introduction, but on a sensor with volatile materials
Enrichment, G/G0 value are being constantly increasing after 50s reaches peak value, are tending to be flat, reach stable when 60s.Using compared with
In the state of stabilization, the period of selection 60 to 80s, volatile component was mainly inorganic sulphide, organic sulfur as analysis site
Compound and aromatics.
4.3 heated-air drying Hericium erinaceus flavor analysis
Fig. 6 carries out electronic nose detection to three parts of Hericium erinaceus of every batch of heated-air drying, compares the response curve of 3 sensors,
Wherein every curve represents the variation of a sensor G/G0.As can be seen from Figure 6 during starting sample introduction, G/G0 value
It is relatively low, but the enrichment with volatile materials on a sensor, G/G0 value are being constantly increasing after 60s reaches peak value,
Tend to be flat, reaches stable when 70s.Analysis is used as using the period in the state of more stable, choosing 60 to 80s
Point, volatile component are mainly inorganic sulphide, organic sulfur compound, alcohols and aldoketones
4.4 different Hericium erinaceus constituent analyses are compared
PCA analysis is used in the volatile component of the Hericium erinaceus sample after new fresh Hericium erinaceus, two kinds of different modes dryings
Analysis shows that, as a result see Fig. 7, the contribution rate of main component (PC1) and the 2nd main component (PC2) is respectively in curve graph
89.48% and 7.07% can represent all information in Hericium erinaceus sample.The information of three kinds of samples is not overlapped, and is illustrated fresh
Hericium erinaceus and it is dry after the volatile component of Hericium erinaceus have apparent difference, heated-air drying to Hericium erinaceus volatile materials at
Point there are large effects.PCA result can be corresponding with the sensory results of Hericium erinaceus.Therefore, electronics to a certain extent
In nose PCA analysis can it is more fast and convenient and it is objective differentiate Hericium erinaceus flavor.
4.5 Hericium erinaceus flavor Loadings analysis
Fig. 8 Loadings analysis is mainly used for electronic nose for the analysis to sensor contribution rate score, is due to electronics
The different location that the different sensor of nose occurs in load on analysis chart can clearly reflect sensor to sample volatility
The contribution rate of smell.For load factor mainly there are two main component, the stressor in figure accounts for 89.40% He of population variance
7.07%.
The LDA of 4.6 Hericium erinaceus is analyzed
Fig. 9 is that the LDA of the Hericium erinaceus after new fresh Hericium erinaceus and drying analyzes the contribution margin 93.03% as a result, LD1 in figure
With 3.87%.Different processing modes makes the volatile component of Hericium erinaceus have apparent variation, and on LD1 axis successively
Arrangement.Pulsed microwave+heated-air drying compared to heated-air drying Hericium erinaceus it is closer apart from new fresh Hericium erinaceus, heated-air drying distance compared with
It is remote, illustrate that heated-air drying will lead to volatile materials and constantly change, and drying time is longer, volatile materials variation
It is more obvious.The result judgement of comprehensive LD1 and LD2, discovery heated-air drying have large effect to the volatile materials of Hericium erinaceus.
The above is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any form,
Any simple modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the invention, equivalent variations and modification, belong to
In the range of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of Hericium erinaceus drying system that pulsed microwave is hot air combined, which is characterized in that the pulsed microwave hot wind connection
The Hericium erinaceus drying system of conjunction is provided with
Pre- air-dried bucket；
It is provided with material inlet, pre- air-dried fan built in top on the upside of pre- air-dried bucket, pre- air-dried bucket is welded with U-shaped steel pipe, U-shaped steel pipe
Weld meshed stainless steel spiral delivery track；
Controllable type conveyer belt is socketed with inside pre- air-dried bucket, stainless steel spiral delivery track discharge port is located on controllable type conveyer belt
End, controllable type conveyer belt are socketed on the transmission device on tunnel type pulse microwave evaporation tank；Controllable type conveyer belt is socketed in heat
Wind is dried inside bucket, and hot-air seasoning bucket bottom is equipped with hydrofuge and blast volume controller, is provided with discharge port on the outside of hot-air seasoning bucket；Tunnel
Formula pulse microwave evaporation tank is connect by electric signal with man-machine interactive PLC control cabinet.
2. the hot air combined Hericium erinaceus drying system of pulsed microwave as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that innovatively
Using raised cosine APC modulation technique periodically adjustment microwave source output power, forms the different pulse of output power size and decline
Wave signal directly acts on Hericium erinaceus hydrone, and inside aqueous vapor when Hericium erinaceus drying and dehydrating is discharged and external heated-air drying
Match, guarantee Hericium erinaceus superior quality holding and dry product appearance it is beautiful, not only reach drying requirement, but also consumption reduction is time saving.
3. the hot air combined Hericium erinaceus drying system of pulsed microwave as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the tunnel
For the setting of formula pulse microwave evaporation tank upper end there are three vaporization chamber, three vaporization chambers pass through hot air circulating pipe and hot-air seasoning respectively
Bucket connection, constitutes microwave hot air combined drying system.
4. the hot air combined Hericium erinaceus drying system of pulsed microwave as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the pulse
The equivalent circuit of the pulsed microwave signal source of the hot air combined Hericium erinaceus drying system of type micro-wave includes: rectification module, switch
Tube module, feedback module and magnetron equivalent circuit；
Filter inductance, filter capacitor and rectification module form current rectifying and wave filtering circuit；
Switch tube module is made of two switching tubes with anti-paralleled diode；
Load equivalent module is for the parasitic capacitance between equivalent load cathode and anode.
5. the hot air combined Hericium erinaceus drying system of pulsed microwave as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the feedback
Module is made of programmable signal controller and APC converter, and programmable signal controller can generate amplitude and week according to operating condition
Phase, adjustable raised cosine controlled signal；It is adjustable that APC converts raised cosine control signal wire to two-way complementary duty cycle, frequency
Pulse, for switch tube module input pulse is provided.
6. a kind of pulsed microwave heat of the hot air combined Hericium erinaceus drying system of pulsed microwave described in perform claim requirement 1
The united Hericium erinaceus furnace drying method of wind, which is characterized in that the hot air combined Hericium erinaceus furnace drying method of the pulsed microwave includes
Following steps:
Hericium erinaceus is placed on helical feed track by step 1 by feed inlet, makes Hericium erinaceus in the common of wind-force and gravity
Take advantage of a situation under effect and slide down, carried out during landing it is pre- air-dry, and pass through the weighing and sensing below helical feed track
Device completes the dynamic weighing to Hericium erinaceus；
Step 2, slides the Hericium erinaceus to get off and falls on conveyer belt, is forward conveyed by conveyer belt；By microwave evaporation
Case, microwave evaporation case are controlled by PLC control cabinet, are generated pulse using periodical raised cosine modulation variable frequency microwave source and are declined
It is controllable to realize that microwave power can linearly reconcile warm up cycle for wave signal, the speeds match table moved outside control Hericium erinaceus internal moisture
The speed of layer evaporation；
Step 3, the Hericium erinaceus that microwave evaporation case comes out drop into hot-air seasoning bucket, and hot-air seasoning bucket uses hydrofuge and air quantity
Controller controls the air quantity in hot-air seasoning bucket；
Step 4 adjusts internal temperature by PLC in hot-air seasoning bucket and is passed through with reaching the drying requirement under different temperatures
Hot air circulating pipe realizes that self internal hot air circulation saves energy consumption, accelerates the drying of Hericium erinaceus.
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