CN110284259B - 一种复合热电薄膜材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合热电薄膜材料及其制备方法,属于复合材料的制备技术领域,包括以下步骤:3,4‑乙撑二氧噻吩和碳纳米管混合,制得混合浆料;聚(3,4‑乙撑二氧噻吩)纳米纤维分散于极性质子有机溶剂Ⅰ中,并加入所述混合浆料,制得母液A;碳纤维分散于极性质子有机溶剂Ⅱ中,制得母液B;将所述母液A和所述母液B混合均匀后,蒸发溶剂,制得薄膜;将所述薄膜进行热处理,制得复合热电薄膜材料;本发明无需对碳纳米管进行表面修饰或改性,即可使碳纳米管在PEDOT导电聚合物基体中进行良好的分散,增强了热电薄膜导电性能和导热性能,为碳纳米管/PEDOT导电聚合物/碳纤维复合材料的进一步应用提供了良好的条件。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料的制备技术领域,具体涉及一种复合热电薄膜材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)(PEDOT)在德国的Bayer AG实验室被首次合成出来,是噻吩类导电聚合物的典型代表,通过在噻吩环的3位和4位引入乙撑二氧基得到的,其导电的掺杂状态非常稳定。PEDOT是聚噻吩的重要衍生物之一,具有很高的电导率、高的环境稳定性和相对较低的氧化聚合电位等。作为新近出现的导电高分子材料之一,近年来受到了人们的极大关注,在基础与应用研究方面均取得了很多重要进展和突破。例如,Heraeus和H.C.Stark公司已有多个系列的PEDOT与聚(4-苯乙烯磺酸)混合溶液(PEDOT:PSS)的商品化牌号CleviosTM销售,详情可参见公司相关网站。然而,目前大多数热电材料薄膜的制备是将导电性良好的PEDOT粒子附着在不导电的聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)主链上,二者在水溶液中的分布呈杂乱无序状,形成一种稳定的PEDOT/PSS悬浮液。导电材料(石墨烯、碳纳米管、碳纤维等)通常具有很高的杨氏模量和剪切模量值,可以起到促进导电和增韧的双重效果,此外,其还具有耐强酸、强碱性,用于柔性电热材料的制备中也具有良好的稳定性。但是导电材料造价高、生产速率低,限制了其大规模使用。为了进一步扩展上述导电材料的应用,本发明提供了一种复合热电薄膜材料的制备方法,为碳纤维/碳纳米管/PEDOT导电聚合物材料的进一步深入应用提供了一种可能。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种复合热电薄膜材料及其制备方法,解决了上述技术问题。
本发明第一个目的是提供一种复合热电薄膜材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩(EDOT)和碳纳米管混合,制得混合浆料;聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)纳米纤维分散于极性质子有机溶剂Ⅰ中,并加入所述混合浆料,制得母液A;碳纤维分散于极性质子有机溶剂Ⅱ中,制得母液B;将所述母液A和所述母液B混合均匀后,蒸发溶剂,制得薄膜;将所述薄膜进行热处理,制得复合热电薄膜材料。
优选地,所述聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)纳米纤维由以下步骤制得:
将3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩单体加入氧化剂和表面活性剂,100℃反应2.5~3.5h,制得聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)纳米纤维;
所述3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩单体和氧化剂摩尔比为1:0.5~2,所述表面活性剂占所述3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩单体质量百分比为0.25%~1%。
优选地,所述氧化剂为含过氧基的过二硫酸根类强氧化剂。
优选地,所述表面活性剂为水溶性含氟聚氧乙烯醚类非离子表面活性剂。
优选地,所述混合浆料中3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩单体和碳纳米管质量比为8~10:1。
优选地,所述母液A中聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)纳米纤维和混合浆料质量比为0.5~1.5:1。
优选地,所述碳纤维和所述碳纳米管质量比为0.5~1.5:1。
优选地,所述极性质子有机溶剂Ⅰ和所述极性质子有机溶剂Ⅱ相同,且均为甲醇或乙醇。
优选地,所述热处理过程为:将所述薄膜放入管式加热炉,在130~150℃下退火处理10~20min,至50℃出炉,即可制得到复合热电薄膜材料。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种上述制备方法制得的复合热电薄膜材料。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下有益效果:
本发明通过将碳纤维与PEDOT导电聚合物分别置于相同的有机溶剂中并进行混合,导电性良好的PEDOT粒子附着在碳纤维结晶性主链段上,且与碳纳米管之间的非共价键力作用制备出具备高导热导电的热电薄膜,无需对碳纳米管进行表面修饰或改性,制备方法绿色环保,为碳纤维/碳纳米管/PEDOT导电聚合物热电薄膜的进一步应用提供了良好的条件,本发明所制得的热电薄膜在柔性固态超级电容器,柔性热电材料织物和可穿戴电子领域等方面有着广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制备的EDOT/碳纳米管混合浆料制备成薄膜的扫描电镜图;
图2是实施例1制备的复合热电薄膜材料扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案能予以实施,下面结合具体实施例和附图对本发明作进一步说明,但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种复合热电薄膜材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将EDOT单体加入过硫酸铵,杜邦水溶性含氟聚氧乙烯醚类非离子表面活性剂(Capstone FS-30,DuPont),100℃反应3h,制备PEDOT纳米纤维;EDOT单体和过硫酸铵摩尔比为1:1,表面活性剂是EDOT单体质量的0.5%;
S2:EDOT单体和碳纳米管按质量比为9:1混合搅拌均匀,制得EDOT/碳纳米管混合浆料;
S3:将S1制备的PEDOT纳米纤维分散于甲醇,加入等质量的S2制备的EDOT/碳纳米管混合浆料,得到母液A;
S4:将纯化的碳纤维分散在甲醇中,所述碳纤维和所述碳纳米管质量比为1:1,进行超声处理40~80min,得到混合溶液B;
S5:将母液A和混合溶液B按质量比为5:1混合,搅拌1.5h后转入旋转蒸发设备中直至溶剂蒸干,采用真空抽滤法抽滤到微孔滤膜上,干燥;
S6:最后将薄膜烘干后从滤膜剥离下来,放入管式加热炉,在140℃下退火处理15min,至50℃出炉,即可压制得到复合热电薄膜材料。
实施例2
一种复合热电薄膜材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将EDOT单体加入过硫酸铵,表面活性剂(杜邦水溶性含氟聚氧乙烯醚类非离子表面活性剂Capstone FS-30,DuPont),100℃反应2.5h,制备PEDOT纳米纤维;EDOT单体和过硫酸铵摩尔比为1:0.5,表面活性剂是EDOT单体质量的0.25%;
S2:EDOT单体和碳纳米管按质量比为8:1混合搅拌均匀,制得EDOT/碳纳米管混合浆料;
S3:将S1制备的PEDOT纳米纤维分散于乙醇,加入S2制备的EDOT/碳纳米管混合浆料,PEDOT纳米纤维和EDOT/碳纳米管混合浆料质量比为0.5:1,得到母液A;
S4:将纯化的碳纤维分散在乙醇中,所述碳纤维和所述碳纳米管质量比为0.5:1,进行超声处理40~80min,得到混合溶液B;
S5:将母液A和混合溶液B按质量比为4:1混合,搅拌1h后转入旋转蒸发设备中直至溶剂蒸干,采用真空抽滤法抽滤到微孔滤膜上,干燥;
S6:最后将薄膜烘干后从滤膜剥离下来,放入管式加热炉,在130℃下退火处理10min,至50℃出炉,即可压制得到复合热电薄膜材料。
实施例3
一种复合热电薄膜材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:将EDOT单体加入过硫酸铵,表面活性剂(杜邦水溶性含氟聚氧乙烯醚类非离子表面活性剂Capstone FS-30,DuPont),100℃反应3.5h,制备PEDOT纳米纤维;EDOT单体和过硫酸铵摩尔比为1:2,表面活性剂是EDOT单体质量的1%;
S2:EDOT单体和碳纳米管按质量比为10:1混合搅拌均匀,制得EDOT/碳纳米管混合浆料;
S3:将S1制备的PEDOT纳米纤维分散于甲醇,加入等质量的S2制备的EDOT/碳纳米管混合浆料,PEDOT纳米纤维和EDOT/碳纳米管混合浆料质量比为1.5:1,得到母液A;
S4:将纯化的碳纤维分散在甲醇中,所述碳纤维和所述碳纳米管质量比为1.5:1,进行超声处理40~80min,得到混合溶液B;
S5:将母液A和混合溶液B按质量比为6:1混合,搅拌2h后转入旋转蒸发设备中直至溶剂蒸干,采用真空抽滤法抽滤到微孔滤膜上,干燥;
S6:最后将薄膜烘干后从滤膜剥离下来,放入管式加热炉,在150℃下退火处理20min,至50℃出炉,即可压制得到复合热电薄膜材料。
实施例1~3制备的复合热电薄膜材料性能近似,导电率均在75S/cm以上,我们仅以实施例1制备的复合热电薄膜材料为例,说明本发明提供的一种复合热电薄膜材料及其制备方法,测试方法:采用NHT-CSM纳米压痕仪下的原子力显微镜(AFM)测得样品的表面形貌和杨氏模量值,强度拉伸实验测试方法如下:采用切割法制备试样,试样采用长150mm、宽(15±0.1)mm的长条形,在SYSTESTER1002型电子拉力试验机下以试验速度为250mm/min分别进行纵向和横向拉伸测试。此外,采用四探针法在电阻测试仪上测试出薄膜的电阻率。电导率的测量则在安捷伦4294A型阻抗分析仪直接进行测试。JSM-7100F型扫描电镜用于观察显微组织形貌,SEM下碳纳米管/PEDOT薄膜,碳纳米管/PEDOT/碳纤维薄膜的形貌分别如图1和图2所示。如图1所示,复合前,将S2中混合浆料烘干所得的薄膜形貌,含纳米管的PEDOT复合热电薄膜材料形貌呈现细线型分布,纳米管附着在PEDOT导电聚合物上,增强了基体的连续性。如图2所示,复合后,含纳米管及碳纤维的PEDOT复合热电薄膜材料形貌呈现纤维状分布,PEDOT导电聚合物附着在纳米管和碳纤维上,几乎呈现均匀分布,极大地增强了基体的强度和导电率。
经测试,实施例1制备的复合热电薄膜材料在室温下的强度为60~110MPa,功率因子达8.8μW/mK 2,导电率80S/cm。在薄膜电阻测试为1000Ω时,最大输出功率可达630nW。本发明通过将碳纤维与PEDOT导电聚合物分别置于相同的有机溶剂中并进行混合,导电性良好的PEDOT粒子附着在碳纤维结晶性主链段上,且与碳纳米管之间的非共价键力制备得到同时具备高导热导电的热电薄膜,无需对碳纳米管进行表面修饰或改性,制备方法绿色环保,为碳纤维/碳纳米管/PEDOT导电聚合物热电薄膜的进一步应用提供了良好的条件,本发明所制得的热电薄膜在柔性固态超级电容器,柔性热电材料织物和可穿戴电子领域等方面有着广泛的应用前景。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (6)
1.一种复合热电薄膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩和碳纳米管混合,制得混合浆料;聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)纳米纤维分散于极性质子有机溶剂Ⅰ中,并加入所述混合浆料,制得母液A;碳纤维分散于极性质子有机溶剂Ⅱ中,制得母液B;将所述母液A和所述母液B混合均匀后,蒸发溶剂,制得薄膜;将所述薄膜放入管式加热炉,在130~150℃下退火处理10~20min,至50℃出炉,制得复合热电薄膜材料;
所述混合浆料中3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩单体和碳纳米管质量比为8~10:1;所述母液A中聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)纳米纤维和混合浆料质量比为0.5~1.5:1;所述碳纤维和所述碳纳米管质量比为0.5~1.5:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合热电薄膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)纳米纤维由以下步骤制得:
将3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩单体加入氧化剂和表面活性剂,100℃反应2.5~3.5h,制得聚(3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩)纳米纤维;
所述3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩单体和氧化剂摩尔比为1:0.5~2,所述表面活性剂占所述3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩单体质量百分比为0.25%~1%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合热电薄膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氧化剂为含过氧基的过二硫酸根类强氧化剂。
4.根据权利要求2所述的复合热电薄膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述表面活性剂为水溶性含氟聚氧乙烯醚类非离子表面活性剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合热电薄膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述极性质子有机溶剂Ⅰ和所述极性质子有机溶剂Ⅱ相同,且均为甲醇或乙醇。
6.根据权利要求1~5任一项制备方法制得的复合热电薄膜材料。
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