CN110278636B - Street lamp system capable of penetrating fog and haze based on super-capacitor solar double-loop - Google Patents
Street lamp system capable of penetrating fog and haze based on super-capacitor solar double-loop Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps
- Y02B20/72—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps in street lighting
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- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a street lamp system capable of penetrating fog and haze based on an ultra-capacitor solar double-loop, which comprises a main controller, a solar ultra-capacitor charging system, a mains supply power module, an environment sensor group and an LED driving circuit, wherein the solar ultra-capacitor charging system, the mains supply power module, the environment sensor group and the LED driving circuit are connected with the main controller, the environment sensor group detects the environment state, the solar ultra-capacitor charging system converts solar energy into electric energy and stores energy for power supply, the solar ultra-capacitor charging system and the mains supply power module are respectively connected with the LED driving circuit, the LED driving circuit is connected with an LED lamp group, the LED lamp group is connected with a lamp current detection circuit, the output end of the lamp current detection circuit is connected with the main controller, the main controller is used for switching a power supply method and generating PWM wave output based on the environment state, and the LED lamp group comprises more than two LED lamp beads with different color temperatures, and the LED driving circuit drives the LED lamp beads based on PWM wave drive to enable the LED lamp group to work in different color temperature states. The invention can adjust the color temperature according to weather to better penetrate fog and haze.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electronic information, in particular to a street lamp system capable of penetrating fog and haze based on an ultra-capacitor solar double-loop.
Background
Most of the existing LED street lamp systems do not have the function of adjusting the brightness and the color temperature of the lamp at the same time, so that the penetrability of the lamp light emitted by the street lamp is poor in severe weather such as fog, haze and the like, and the requirements of different weather conditions on the lamp light are difficult to meet.
Most of color temperatures of the existing LED street lamps are around 5000K, and the color temperatures are high in glaring sense, so that people can feel excessive fatigue in vision. Most of the existing systems do not have the function of adjusting the brightness and the color temperature of the lamplight at the same time, so that the lamplight penetrability emitted by the street lamp is poor in severe weather such as fog, haze and the like, and the requirements of different weather conditions on the lamplight are difficult to meet. Most solar LED street lamp systems match the storage battery, typically a gel battery or a lithium ion battery. The service life of the LED light source can reach ten years, and the service life of a colloid battery or a lithium ion battery is 3-5 years, so that the service lives of all subsystems are not matched.
Most street lamp system control still stays modes such as manual, light-operated, time control, etc. and is greatly influenced by seasons, weather and human factors. And the real-time performance is poor, when encountering emergency, the LED lamp cannot be subjected to dimming control in time, and the failure processing efficiency is very low. The traditional LED adopts a 220V alternating current power supply mode, so that the power consumption is high. Solar power supply has longer economic benefit, but solar energy is greatly restricted by weather factors, and the load power supply requirement is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a street lamp system capable of penetrating fog and haze based on an ultra-capacitor solar double-loop.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a street lamp system based on super capacitor solar energy dual circuit penetrable fog and haze, it includes the master controller and solar energy super capacitor charging system who is connected with the master controller, commercial power supply module, environmental sensor group and LED drive circuit, environmental sensor group surveys environmental condition, solar energy super capacitor charging system turns solar energy into electric energy and energy storage power supply, solar energy super capacitor charging system and commercial power supply module connect LED drive circuit respectively, LED drive circuit connects the LED banks, LED banks is connected with lamp current detection circuit, the master controller is connected to lamp current detection circuit's output, the master controller is used for switching the power supply method and generates PWM wave output based on environmental condition, LED banks includes the LED lamp pearl range combination of two or more different colour temperatures, LED drive circuit drives LED lamp pearl based on PWM wave drive respectively for LED banks work in different colour temperature states.
Further, the solar super-capacitor charging system comprises a solar photovoltaic panel, a super-capacitor bank energy storage device, a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit and a DC-DC circuit, wherein the solar photovoltaic panel is connected with the input end of the DC-DC circuit, the output end of the DC-DC circuit is connected with the super-capacitor bank energy storage device, the voltage sampling circuit and the current sampling circuit sample the input voltage, the output voltage and the output current of the DC-DC circuit, the DC-DC circuit is controlled by a main controller to work, the solar photovoltaic panel is used for absorbing solar energy, the DC-DC circuit is used for tracking the maximum power point of the solar photovoltaic panel and controlling the solar photovoltaic panel to charge the super-capacitor bank energy storage device with the maximum power, the super-capacitor bank energy storage device is used for daily power supply of the LED lamp bank,
further, the DC-DC circuit includes a field effect transistor Q, an adjustable resistor RW1, an adjustable resistor RW2, a resistor R1, an active capacitor C2, a diode D1 and an inductor L1, one end of the solar panel is respectively connected to one end of the adjustable resistor RW1, an anode of the active capacitor C1 and a drain of the field effect transistor Q, the other end of the solar panel, the other end and an adjusting end of the adjustable resistor RW1, a cathode of the active capacitor C1 and one end of the resistor R1 are respectively grounded, a gate of the field effect transistor Q is connected to an interface of a PWM trigger port, the other interface of the PWM trigger port is grounded, a source of the field effect transistor Q is respectively connected to a cathode of the diode D1 and one end of the inductor L1, an anode of the diode D1 is grounded, the other end of the inductor L1 is respectively connected to an anode of the active capacitor C2, one end of the adjustable resistor RW2 and one interface of the DC-DC circuit output end, the other end of the resistor R1 and the other end of the adjustable resistor RW2 are respectively connected to one interface of the converter signal input end and the other interface of the DC-DC circuit.
Further, the DC-DC circuit controls and changes the output voltage or current of the solar panel according to the change of the environmental state through an MPPT algorithm so as to track the maximum power point of the solar panel;
further, the MPPT algorithm reserves a larger value by comparing the current output power with the output power at the previous moment; repeating the above steps to gradually approach the maximum power point by adjusting the duty cycle, and finally stabilizing at the maximum power point; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, obtaining input voltage, output voltage and output current of a solar panel,
step 2, calculating the current output power, the power variation, the duty ratio and the duty ratio variation, further calculating the power and the duty ratio variation rate,
step 3, judging whether the change rate of the power and the duty ratio is equal to 0:
when the change rate of the power and the duty ratio is equal to 0, the current output power is the maximum power point, and the step 1 is executed;
when the change rate of the power and the duty ratio is greater than 0, the power and the duty ratio are disturbed in the original direction, and the step 4 is executed;
when the change rate of the power and the duty ratio is smaller than 0, disturbing in the opposite direction and executing the step 4;
step 4, judging whether the absolute value of the power variation is larger than the precision e; if yes, the disturbance step length is increased by 1; otherwise, the disturbance step is reduced by 1;
step 5, calculating to obtain a new duty ratio based on the updated disturbance step length, and executing the step 1;
further, the super capacitor bank energy storage device supplies power to the LED driving circuit and the master controller through a voltage conversion circuit.
Further, the method comprises the steps of: the environment sensor group comprises a PM2.5 sensor, a luminosity sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor, when the humidity or PM2.5 value detected by the environment sensor group is larger than a set value, the main controller adjusts the output PWM waves to respectively adjust the pulse time of white light and red light, so that the color temperature of the mixed white light and red light reaches 2800K of a high-pressure sodium lamp spectrum.
Further, the LED lamp group comprises a white light LED lamp and a red light LED lamp, the pulse time of PWM waves of the white light LED lamp and the red light LED lamp are controlled by the master controller respectively to control the lighting time of the corresponding LED lamp so as to adjust the color temperature and the brightness of the LED lamp group, the color temperature of the white light LED lamp is 6000K, and the color temperature of the red light LED lamp is 800K.
Further, the master controller detects the electric quantity of the energy storage device of the super capacitor bank and switches to mains supply when the electric quantity of the energy storage device of the super capacitor bank cannot maintain the system to work; otherwise, the power is supplied by the super capacitor bank energy storage device.
Further, the master controller controls the PWM waves by adopting a traditional PID algorithm.
By adopting the technical scheme, the solar panel absorbs solar energy in daytime and tracks the maximum power point of the solar panel through the MPPT algorithm to charge the super Farad capacitor. The master controller (STM 32 master controller) detects and reads data of capacitor terminal voltage, external PM2.5 and temperature and humidity through AD conversion, so that the PWM wave duty ratio generated by the master controller is regulated and controlled in a foggy day with high humidity or a haze day with high PM 2.5. And transmitting the regulated PWM wave to a dimming circuit to achieve the functions of dimming and color temperature adjustment according to the requirement. When in continuous overcast and rainy weather, the capacitor stores insufficient electric quantity, and the main controller switches the power supply mode into the commercial power so as to improve the reliability and the stability of the whole system.
Drawings
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and detailed description;
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system structure of a street lamp system capable of penetrating fog and haze based on an ultra-capacitor solar energy double-loop;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a solar super-capacitor charging system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a DC-DC circuit of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an MPPT algorithm according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a circuit sampling procedure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the power supply of an LED lamp set according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a dimming circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a dimming procedure according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a dual power switching scheme of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a driving flow of an LED lamp set according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of the PID control algorithm according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a spectral diagram of a conventional white LED lamp set of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a spectral diagram of a haze-penetrable LED lamp set of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in one of fig. 1 to 13, the invention discloses a street lamp system capable of penetrating fog and haze based on an ultra-capacitor solar energy double-loop, which comprises a main controller, a solar energy ultra-capacitor charging system, a mains supply power module, an environment sensor group and an LED driving circuit, wherein the solar energy ultra-capacitor charging system, the mains supply power module, the environment sensor group and the LED driving circuit are connected with the main controller, the environment sensor group is connected with the main controller, the solar energy ultra-capacitor charging system converts solar energy into electric energy and stores energy and supplies power, the solar energy ultra-capacitor charging system and the mains supply power module are respectively connected with the LED driving circuit, the LED driving circuit is connected with an LED lamp group, the LED lamp group is connected with a lamp current detection circuit, the output end of the lamp current detection circuit is connected with the main controller, the main controller is used for switching a power supply method and generating PWM wave output based on the environment state, the LED lamp group comprises more than two LED lamp beads with different color temperatures, and the LED driving circuit drives the LED lamp beads based on PWM wave drive to respectively so that the LED lamp group works in different color temperature states.
As shown in fig. 1, the solar panel of the solar super-capacitor charging system absorbs solar energy in daytime and tracks the maximum power point of the solar panel through an MPPT algorithm to charge the super-faraday capacitor. The main controller detects and reads the voltage of the capacitor terminal, the data of the external PM2.5 and the temperature and humidity through AD conversion, so that the duty ratio of PWM waves generated by the main controller is regulated and controlled. And transmitting the regulated PWM wave to a driving circuit to achieve the functions of automatic dimming and automatic color temperature adjustment according to the needs. When in continuous overcast and rainy weather, the capacitor stores insufficient electric quantity, and the main controller switches the power supply mode into the commercial power so as to improve the reliability and the stability of the whole system.
Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the solar super-capacitor charging system comprises a solar photovoltaic panel, a super-capacitor bank energy storage device, a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit and a DC-DC circuit, wherein the solar photovoltaic panel is connected with the input end of the DC-DC circuit, the output end of the DC-DC circuit is connected with the super-capacitor bank energy storage device, the voltage sampling circuit and the current sampling circuit sample the input voltage, the output voltage and the output current of the DC-DC circuit, the DC-DC circuit is controlled by a master controller to work, the solar panel is used for absorbing solar energy, the DC-DC circuit is used for tracking the maximum power point of the solar photovoltaic panel and controlling the solar photovoltaic panel to charge the super-capacitor bank energy storage device with the maximum power, the super-capacitor bank energy storage device is used for daily power supply of the LED lamp bank,
according to the invention, the main controller is used for controlling the charging of the photovoltaic power generation system, the input end of the DC-DC loop is connected with the solar panel, the output end of the DC-DC loop is connected with the super capacitor bank energy storage device, and the required voltage and current data can be acquired and calculated through each port of the DC-DC circuit to carry out maximum power point tracking. The MPPT algorithm is utilized to realize that the solar panel searches the maximum power point under the conditions of changing external environment (such as luminosity and temperature), so that solar energy is fully utilized, and the super capacitor is charged reasonably and efficiently.
The invention adopts STM32 series singlechip as the minimum system operation, the model of the master controller is STM32F103RCT6 development board, is a 32-bit master controller (Micro Control Unit master controller) based on ARM Cortex-M kernel STM32 series, has 256K flash memories on chips and a series of rich peripheral interfaces, has the working frequency of 72MHz, and internally comprises a high-speed memory.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the DC-DC circuit includes a field effect transistor Q, an adjustable resistor RW1, an adjustable resistor RW2, a resistor R1, an active capacitor C2, a diode D1 and an inductor L1, one end of the solar panel is respectively connected to one end of the adjustable resistor RW1, an anode of the active capacitor C1 and a drain of the field effect transistor Q, the other end of the solar panel, the other end and an adjusting end of the adjustable resistor RW1, a cathode of the active capacitor C1 and one end of the resistor R1 are respectively grounded, a gate of the field effect transistor Q is connected to an interface of a PWM trigger port, the other interface of the PWM trigger port is grounded, a source of the field effect transistor Q is respectively connected to a cathode of the diode D1 and one end of the inductor L1, the other end of the inductor L1 is respectively connected to an anode of the active capacitor C2, one end of the adjustable resistor RW2 and one interface of the output end of the DC-DC circuit, the other end of the active capacitor C2 and the other end of the adjustable resistor RW2 are respectively connected to an interface of the input of the DC-DC circuit, and the other interface of the signal is grounded. Specifically, P1 is an input port of a solar panel, an input voltage Vin of a sampling circuit is obtained by adjusting a variable resistor RW1 through P2, P3 is a port of an input signal of an AD converter, an output current Iout of the circuit can be obtained through calculation, an output voltage Vout is obtained by adjusting a variable resistor RW2 through P4, P5 is a PWM trigger port, a duty ratio is adjusted through a singlechip, and P6 is an output port and is connected with a supercapacitor to charge. Through the ports in the above schematic, the required voltage and current data can be measured for maximum power point tracking.
The Buck type DC-DC circuit can charge and control the energy storage device and track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic cell, can be used as a charging circuit, a direct current motor transmission system, a switching power supply and a PWM control circuit, and can conveniently detect the charging state and control the driving current.
The following table is a table 1 showing parameters related to various components in the DC-DC circuit:
TABLE 1 component model and parameters
| Element name | Model (parameter) |
| Schottky diode | SR550IMC(3A/60V) |
| Bare bodyInductance | 220uH(3A) |
| Capacitance device | 470uf(50V) |
| Ceramic resistor | 0.02Ω(5W) |
| Adjustable resistor | 100KΩ |
| Field effect transistor | IRF540N(100V/33A/44mΩ) |
The solar panel in the photovoltaic power generation system is a very unstable power source, the output characteristic of which is influenced by external environment (such as light intensity and temperature) and its own parameters (output impedance), the output power of the solar cell decreases with the increase of temperature, and the output power increases with the increase of illumination intensity, so that the solar cell cannot always work in the maximum power output state. In order to make the photovoltaic system always operate at the maximum power point and achieve the maximum output power under any environment, it is necessary to track the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array.
The maximum power point tracking technology is that when external environment conditions change, the output voltage or current of the photovoltaic array can be controlled and changed to enable the photovoltaic system to be always at the maximum power point, and the system can output the maximum power in real time. The maximum power point tracking algorithm is an automatic tracking process, and if the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the current photovoltaic cell is relatively low, the maximum power point tracking is performed on the power output of the solar cell, and the voltage value corresponding to the maximum power output by the array is found by controlling the current or the voltage, so that the maximum power is generated as much as possible by the MPPT control photovoltaic array, and the photovoltaic system automatically outputs the maximum power.
Further, the DC-DC circuit controls and changes the output voltage or current of the solar panel according to the change of the environmental state through an MPPT algorithm so as to track the maximum power point of the solar panel;
further, the MPPT algorithm reserves a larger value by comparing the current output power with the output power at the previous moment; repeating the above steps to gradually approach the maximum power point by adjusting the duty cycle, and finally stabilizing at the maximum power point; as shown in fig. 4, the specific steps are as follows:
step 1, obtaining input voltage, output voltage and output current of a solar panel,
step 2, calculating the current output power, the power variation, the duty ratio and the duty ratio variation, further calculating the power and the duty ratio variation rate,
step 3, judging whether the change rate of the power and the duty ratio is equal to 0:
when the change rate of the power and the duty ratio is equal to 0, the current output power is the maximum power point, and the step 1 is executed;
when the change rate of the power and the duty ratio is greater than 0, the power and the duty ratio are disturbed in the original direction, and the step 4 is executed;
when the change rate of the power and the duty ratio is smaller than 0, disturbing in the opposite direction and executing the step 4;
step 4, judging whether the absolute value of the power variation is larger than the precision e; if yes, the disturbance step length is increased by 1; otherwise, the disturbance step is reduced by 1;
step 5, calculating to obtain a new duty ratio based on the updated disturbance step length, and executing the step 1;
specifically, the system is initialized, and the input voltage Iin, the output voltage Vout and the output current Iout of the solar panel are detected according to
P＝U·I (2-1)
The output power Pout and the power variation dP are calculated. According to
The duty ratio D and the duty ratio variation dD are calculated. Calculating the change rate dP/dD of the power and the duty ratio, judging whether the change rate dP/dD is equal to 0, if the change rate dP/dD is equal to 0, determining the point as the Maximum Power Point (MPP), otherwise, continuing to track the maximum power point. If dP/dD is greater than 0, this point is indicated to the left of the maximum power point and the perturbation needs to continue in the original direction. And then judging the magnitudes of dP and the precision e, and determining the disturbance step size. If dP is greater than e, the disturbance step is increased; if dP is less than e, the perturbation step size is reduced. If dP/dD is less than 0, indicating that the point is to the right of the maximum power point, a perturbation in the opposite direction is required. And then judging the magnitudes of dP and the precision-e, and determining the disturbance step size. If dP is greater than-e, decreasing the disturbance step; if dP is less than-e, the perturbation step size is increased. The maximum power point can be found by cycling the above process, and the anti-interference capability and the operation efficiency of the system are improved.
The variable step size calculation formula is as follows:
V out ＝D·V in (2-3)
vout is the sampling circuit output voltage, vin is the input voltage, and D is the duty cycle of the circuit. If the loss of power consumption in the circuit is not considered, it is made available by the law of conservation of power:
P out ＝P in (2-4)
namely:
V out ·I out ＝V in ·I in (2-5)
since the duty cycle is calculated as shown in equations 3-8, this time it is possible to obtain:
D·I out ＝I in (2-6)
from this, it can be deduced that:
the above formula shows that if the output resistance Rout is constant, the duty ratio D is inversely proportional to the input resistance Rin, so that the maximum power point can be found by only changing the duty ratio D of the circuit to match the internal resistances of the input resistance and the photovoltaic panel. The output voltage V (k) and the output current I (k) are obtained through a sampling circuit, and the output power P (k) is obtained through calculation.
The output voltage V (k+1), current I (k+1) and power P (k+1) at the next moment can be obtained in the same manner. Thus the step size calculation formula can be obtained:
n is the scaling factor. Namely:
the charging workflow of the DC-DC circuit is as follows: the main controller is electrified to start data initialization, the main controller is in a detection state, and then the PWM control output module and the LCD display module are electrified, the module initialization is completed, and the normal working cycle is entered; the solar photovoltaic system supplies power to the whole DC-DC circuit, the main controller reads voltage data and current data in the circuit by using an ADC sampling program and automatically transmits the voltage data and the current data to the main controller, the system starts an MPPT algorithm program according to the received data, and the processed data is fed back to the circuit by using a PWM output control module; the main controller displays the calculation result on the LCD screen, and if the system judges that the current working point is not the maximum power point, the main controller will collect the data again and detect the data continuously until the maximum power point is found.
As shown in fig. 5, the adcx=get_adc_average (adc_channel_1, 10) function is used to set the sequence, rule set channels, and sampling times of a given Adc. Since the crystal oscillator frequency of the master is 72MHz and the reference voltage is 3.3V, the maximum digital quantity corresponding to 12-bit AD is 4096, so vin= (float) adcx (3.3/4096). The output current Iout cannot be directly acquired by an ADC program and needs to be calculated by an intermediate variable temp.
The invention uses a variable step climbing method to test the charging condition after the circuit is connected, the test result is the output voltage, current and power of the maximum power point of the solar photovoltaic panel at 1 PM, and the test data are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 MPPT algorithm test results
| Time (min) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Output voltage (V) | 2.993 | 2.284 | 2.124 | 2.968 | 3.155 | 2.960 | 2.466 |
| Output current (A) | 13.112 | 9.072 | 10.268 | 13.314 | 13.612 | 11.275 | 9.426 |
| Output power (W) | 39.244 | 20.720 | 21.809 | 39.516 | 42.945 | 33.374 | 23.245 |
Further, as shown in fig. 6, the supercapacitor set energy storage device supplies power to the LED driving circuit and the main controller through a voltage conversion circuit.
The power supply voltage of the LED lamp group and the control system are different from the output voltage of the super capacitor, and the voltage conversion circuit is connected to adapt to the voltages of all the LED lamp group and the control system.
The lamp current detection signal is sent to the main controller to be subjected to A/D conversion, so that the signal is converted into a digital signal, the control algorithm PID is used for carrying out real-time processing on the signal and obtaining a control quantity, the main controller is used for dynamically adjusting an internal PWM module with a timer to change the duty ratio of PWM output square waves, the peripheral circuit is used for driving a switching device to realize brightness change, and finally closed-loop feedback control of the whole circuit is realized. The LED driving circuit with the MOS tube can control the brightness of the lamp, as shown in fig. 7. The PWM signal output by the main controller controls the MOS tube, adjusts the duty ratio and changes the brightness of the LED.
Further, the method comprises the steps of: the environmental sensor group comprises a PM2.5 sensor, a luminosity sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor, and when the humidity or the value of PM2.5 detected by the environmental sensor group is larger than a set value, the main controller adjusts the output PWM waves to respectively adjust the pulse time of white light and red light, so that the color temperature of the mixed white light and red light reaches 2800K of a high-pressure sodium lamp spectrum.
Further, the LED lamp group comprises a white light LED lamp and a red light LED lamp, the pulse time of PWM waves of the white light LED lamp and the red light LED lamp are controlled by the master controller respectively to control the lighting time of the corresponding LED lamp so as to adjust the color temperature and the brightness of the LED lamp group, the color temperature of the white light LED lamp is 6000K, and the color temperature of the red light LED lamp is 800K.
Further, as shown in fig. 9, the invention combines two power supply modes of solar energy and commercial power, the main controller detects the electric quantity of the energy storage device of the super capacitor bank through AD conversion before each lighting, and switches to the commercial power for supplying power when the electric quantity of the energy storage device of the super capacitor bank can not maintain the system to work; otherwise, the power is supplied by the super capacitor bank energy storage device.
Further, as shown in fig. 10, in the driving process of the LED lamp set of the present invention, the current at both ends of the LED lamp is sampled through the sampling channel and the value is detected by the sensor in the feedback channel. When the system receives the detection data, the data are processed by a PID algorithm, namely, the data are compared with the fixed value to obtain the deviation value, and the controller operates according to a preset algorithm rule to obtain new data with the deviation approaching 0. Eventually the system will run on the newly received data in memory. PWM data are transmitted through the STM32 singlechip, and a control instruction is transmitted to control the LED lamp group.
The master controller controls the PWM wave by adopting a traditional PID algorithm. The PID controller is selected because of the advantages of simple principle, good stability, easy realization, wide operating availability range, independent control parameters, simple parameter selection and the like. The invention uses periodic sampling to observe the states of input and output. The system is discrete and the PID control is represented by a differential equation. The expression is as follows:
where u (N) is the output when the sampling period is N, en is the numerical deviation of the sampling period N, and N is the sampling period. Incremental and positional are two common PID algorithms. Since the position PID is related to the past state, the calculation amount is large because the calculation amount is large by accumulating the errors each time the calculation formula is performed, the PWM output is calculated to be increased or decreased by using the incremental PID. The expression for incremental PID is as follows:
the effect of the proportionality coefficient Kp is to accelerate the response speed of the system and improve the adjustment precision of the system, wherein Kp=20 in the design; the integral time constant Ki can influence the integral part to eliminate systematic deviation, and Ki=0.1 in the design; the differential time constant Kd determines the stability and dynamic response speed of the closed loop system, kd=0.2 in design. The singlechip controls the output PWM waveform to control the regulating tube by adopting PID control according to the detected voltage, and the output pulse duty ratio in the middle of the change is changed, so that the voltage at the two ends of the LED is kept in a stable state.
In order to cope with adverse effects of fog and haze on traffic, the air condition is detected by the sensor, and then the brightness and the color temperature are automatically regulated and controlled by the main controller (6000K white light is taken as a main component, 800K red light is taken as an auxiliary component, and the brightness of the red light and the white light is regulated and controlled by artificial intelligence, so that the color temperature reaches 2800K similar to a high-pressure sodium lamp spectrum). Because of environmental pollution, haze phenomenon appears in partial areas, and the LED street lamps are mainly white light, have poor penetrating power and are easy to cause traffic accidents, so researches on the illumination mode conversion of the street lamps are developed aiming at the phenomenon. The street lamp system of the invention can change the color temperature according to different weather, and works in a white light mode at ordinary times, and a spectrogram of the ordinary white light LED lamp set of the invention is shown in FIG. 12.
If the visibility is not high in rainy days, haze days and the like, the corresponding working mode can be automatically converted. As shown in the spectrum diagram of the LED lamp set capable of penetrating haze in FIG. 13, the system automatically adjusts the color temperature of light to 2800K similar to that of a high-pressure sodium lamp, so that the fog and haze can be well penetrated, and traffic safety accidents caused by extreme weather can be avoided. And a double-loop system of solar charging and mains supply is adopted, wherein the super capacitor is used as an energy carrier.
The invention discloses a multi-color temperature LED intelligent control method based on multi-light source combination. The sensor on the street lamp detects the environment, so that the PWM port of the STM32 controls the pulse time of the LED lamp beads with different color temperatures to light, thereby adjusting the color temperature and the brightness, enabling the control of the LED street lamp not to be limited by the difference of distance, region and climate, and still realizing optimal illumination even in fog and haze weather.
The invention uses the third generation semiconductor power device to replace the traditional silicon-based device to further optimize the power supply drive by combining the PID algorithm, thereby improving the problems of high power supply temperature, large volume, low efficiency and large loss. The switching frequency is improved by using a semiconductor technology, so that the power efficiency is improved, the volume of the power is reduced, and the utilization rate of electric energy is improved. The improvement of the switching frequency not only can effectively reduce the sizes of the capacitor, the inductor and the transformer in the system circuit, but also can inhibit interference and reduce ripple waves to improve the power supply system and improve the dynamic response performance of the power supply system.
Claims (6)
1. Street lamp system based on but super capacitor solar energy double circuit penetrable fog and haze, its characterized in that: the LED lamp comprises a main controller, a solar super-capacitor charging system, a mains supply module, an environment sensor group and an LED driving circuit, wherein the solar super-capacitor charging system, the mains supply module, the environment sensor group and the LED driving circuit are connected with the main controller; the solar super-capacitor charging system comprises a solar photovoltaic cell panel, a super-capacitor bank energy storage device, a voltage sampling circuit, a current sampling circuit and a DC-DC circuit, wherein the solar photovoltaic cell panel is connected with the input end of the DC-DC circuit, the output end of the DC-DC circuit is connected with the super-capacitor bank energy storage device, the voltage sampling circuit and the current sampling circuit sample the input voltage, the output voltage and the output current of the DC-DC circuit, the DC-DC circuit is controlled by a main controller to work, the solar cell panel is used for absorbing solar energy, the DC-DC circuit is used for tracking the maximum power point of the solar photovoltaic cell panel and controlling the solar photovoltaic cell panel to charge the super-capacitor bank energy storage device with the maximum power, and the super-capacitor bank energy storage device is used for daily power supply of the LED lamp bank; the DC-DC circuit comprises a field effect tube Q, an adjustable resistor RW1, an adjustable resistor RW2, a resistor R1, an active capacitor C2, a diode D1 and an inductor L1, wherein one end of a solar cell panel is respectively connected with one end of the adjustable resistor RW1, the positive electrode of the active capacitor C1 and the drain electrode of the field effect tube Q, the other end of the solar cell panel, the other end and the adjusting end of the adjustable resistor RW1, the negative electrode of the active capacitor C1 and one end of the resistor R1 are respectively grounded, the grid electrode of the field effect tube Q is connected with one interface of a PWM trigger port, the other interface of the PWM trigger port is grounded, the source electrode of the field effect tube Q is respectively connected with the cathode of the diode D1 and one end of the inductor L1, the other end of the diode D1 is grounded, one end of the adjustable resistor RW2 and one interface of the output end of a DC-DC circuit are respectively grounded, the other end of the adjustable resistor R1 and the other end of the adjustable resistor RW2 are respectively connected with one interface of the input end of a signal converter and the other interface of the signal converter, and the other interface of the signal converter is grounded, and the other interface of the signal is grounded; the DC-DC circuit controls and changes the output voltage or current of the solar panel according to the change of the environmental state through an MPPT algorithm so as to track the maximum power point of the solar panel; the MPPT algorithm reserves a larger value by comparing the current output power with the output power at the previous moment; repeating the above steps to gradually approach the maximum power point by adjusting the duty cycle, and finally stabilizing at the maximum power point; the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, obtaining input voltage, output voltage and output current of a solar panel,
step 2, calculating the current output power, the power variation, the duty ratio and the duty ratio variation, further calculating the power and the duty ratio variation rate,
step 3, judging whether the change rate of the power and the duty ratio is equal to 0:
when the change rate of the power and the duty ratio is equal to 0, the current output power is the maximum power point, and the step 1 is executed;
when the change rate of the power and the duty ratio is greater than 0, the power and the duty ratio are disturbed in the original direction, and the step 4 is executed;
when the change rate of the power and the duty ratio is smaller than 0, disturbing in the opposite direction and executing the step 4;
step 4, judging whether the absolute value of the power variation is larger than the precision e; if yes, the disturbance step length N is 1; otherwise, the disturbance step length N is-1;
and 5, calculating to obtain a new duty ratio based on the updated disturbance step length, and executing the step 1.
2. The ultra-capacitor solar energy double-loop penetrable fog and haze based street lamp system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the super capacitor bank energy storage device supplies power to the LED driving circuit and the master controller through a voltage conversion circuit.
3. The ultra-capacitor solar energy double-loop penetrable fog and haze based street lamp system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the environment sensor group comprises a PM2.5 sensor, a luminosity sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor, when the humidity or PM2.5 value detected by the environment sensor group is larger than a set value, the main controller adjusts the output PWM waves to respectively adjust the pulse time of white light and red light, so that the color temperature of the mixed white light and red light reaches 2800K of a high-pressure sodium lamp spectrum.
4. The ultra-capacitor solar energy double-loop penetrable fog and haze based street lamp system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the LED lamp group comprises a white light LED lamp and a red light LED lamp, the pulse time of PWM waves of the white light LED lamp and the red light LED lamp are controlled by the master controller respectively to control the lighting time of the corresponding LED lamp so as to adjust the color temperature and the brightness of the LED lamp group, the color temperature of the white light LED lamp is 6000K, and the color temperature of the red light LED lamp is 800K.
5. The ultra-capacitor solar energy double-loop penetrable fog and haze based street lamp system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the main controller detects the electric quantity of the energy storage device of the super capacitor bank and switches to mains supply when the electric quantity of the energy storage device of the super capacitor bank cannot maintain the system to work; otherwise, the power is supplied by the super capacitor bank energy storage device.
6. The ultra-capacitor solar energy double-loop penetrable fog and haze based street lamp system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the master controller controls the PWM wave by adopting a traditional PID algorithm.
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