CN110273114B - Wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
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- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
Abstract
The invention discloses a wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-65 parts of Fe, 25-45 parts of Cr, 4-8 parts of Si, 2.5-3.5 parts of Mn, 1-1.5 parts of Ni, 0.35-0.55 part of W, 0.3-0.5 part of Al, 0.25-0.45 part of Zr, 0.2-0.3 part of Ti, 0.12-0.18 part of Co, 0.06-0.12 part of Mo, 0.06-0.1 part of Sb, 0.05-0.1 part of Bi, 0.015-0.025 part of La, 0.01-0.015 part of Sc and 0.003-0.005 part of Ce. The Fe-Si-Cr alloy prepared by the invention has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, is suitable for being applied under the high-abrasion environmental condition, and effectively expands the application range of the Fe-Si-Cr corrosion-resistant alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy materials, in particular to a wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the development of science and technology and the progress of industry, the use environment of metal materials, including conditions of medium, temperature and stress state, is more complex and more demanding, and higher requirements are put forward on the performance of the metal materials. Among them, the problem of metal corrosion seriously affects the service life and safety and reliability of metal materials, and is an important problem to be improved. One of the important means of mitigating corrosion of metallic materials is the development of corrosion resistant alloys.
At present, the corrosion-resistant alloy material is mainly selected through reasonable alloy elements to obtain a favorable structure and form a protective film, so that the corrosion resistance of the alloy material is improved. Among them, Cr and Si are elements commonly used for improving the corrosion resistance of alloys. Cr can form firm and compact Cr on the surface of alloy material2O3The oxidation film, Si can form Si-rich compact film on the surface of the alloy material, and the Si-Cr combination can greatly improve the corrosion resistance and pitting resistance of the alloy material. Therefore, Fe-Si-Cr alloy has received great attention as a corrosion resistant alloy with good application prospects. However, the existing Fe-Si-Cr alloys still have insufficient wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and are difficult to meet the application requirements of high-abrasion environmental conditions, such as mining engineering. In order to expand the application range of the corrosion-resistant alloy and aim at high-abrasion environmental conditions, the development of an alloy material with excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art and provides a wear-resistant Fe-Si-Cr alloy and a preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
45-65 parts of Fe, 25-45 parts of Cr, 4-8 parts of Si, 2.5-3.5 parts of Mn, 1-1.5 parts of Ni, 0.35-0.55 part of W, 0.3-0.5 part of Al, 0.25-0.45 part of Zr, 0.2-0.3 part of Ti, 0.12-0.18 part of Co, 0.06-0.12 part of Mo, 0.06-0.1 part of Sb, 0.05-0.1 part of Bi, 0.015-0.025 part of La, 0.01-0.015 part of Sc and 0.003-0.005 part of Ce.
Preferably, the wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
fe 52 parts, Cr 37 parts, Si 5 parts, Mn 2.8 parts, Ni 1.4 parts, W0.5 parts, Al 0.46 parts, Zr 0.42 parts, Ti 0.22 parts, Co 0.16 parts, Mo 0.1 parts, Sb 0.08 parts, Bi 0.07 parts, La 0.02 parts, Sc 0.012 parts and Ce 0.004 parts.
A preparation method of wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing Si, Ni, W, Al, Sc and Sb powder, smelting in a vacuum induction furnace to obtain a billet, and cold-rolling the billet into a sheet for later use;
(2) putting the slices obtained in the step (1) into a ball milling tank, and carrying out ball milling treatment on the slices by using stainless steel balls under the protection of inert atmosphere to obtain fine powder for later use;
(3) uniformly mixing the fine powder obtained in the step (2) with Fe, Cr, Mn, Zr, Ti, Co, Mo, Bi, La and Ce powder, pressing into blocks, putting into an electric arc furnace, sealing, vacuumizing, filling argon, arc melting at 1580-;
(4) the smelted alloy is subjected to solution treatment at 1020-1060 ℃ for 30-60min, then is subjected to aging treatment at 550-580 ℃ for 3-4h, and is cooled to normal temperature, so that the wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy is obtained.
Preferably, the smelting temperature in the step (1) is 1550-.
Preferably, the thickness of the thin sheet in the step (1) is 0.4-0.8 mm.
Preferably, the conditions of the ball milling treatment in the step (2) are as follows: the ball material ratio is (18-22): 1, the ball milling rotation speed is 400-.
Preferably, the cooling manner in the step (4) is water quenching cooling.
Preferably, the grain diameter of the Fe, Cr and Si powder is 80-100 meshes, the grain diameter of the Ni, W, Al and Bi powder is 350-400 meshes, and the grain diameter of the Mn, Zr, Ti, Co, Mo, Sb, La, Sc and Ce powder is 200-250 meshes.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the raw materials of the invention comprise Fe, Cr, Si, Mn, Ni, W, Al, Zr, Ti, Co, Mo, Sb, Bi, La, Sc and Ce powder. Wherein Si, Ni and W are combined to form W in the alloy structure2Ni3Si equiaxial crystal or dendrite reinforced phase, which improves the hardness and the anti-adhesion wear performance of the alloy; bi. Mo is matched and dispersed in the matrix, so that the lubricating effect can be achieved, and the wear resistance of the alloy is further improved; cr, Si, Al and Ti are matched to form an oxide film on the surface of the alloy, so that the corrosion resistance of the alloy is improved; al is matched with Sc and Sb to form dispersed Al in a melt3The Sc and AlSb crystals have heterogeneous cores, so that crystal grains are refined, and the wear resistance of the alloy is improved; al is matched with Zr and Co, so that the corrosion resistance of the alloy can be improved; the La and Ce are matched, so that alloy grains can be better refined, the wear resistance of the alloy is improved, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy is also improved.
2. According to the invention, by utilizing a treatment mode combining Si, Ni, W, Al and Bi powder smelting, cold rolling and ball milling, on one hand, mutual diffusion among atoms of the raw material powder can be promoted, a strengthening phase which is dispersed and distributed is favorably formed in the alloy, and the silicon forms a fine eutectic silicon tissue, so that the binding force of the silicon phase and a matrix is increased, the probability of falling off of the silicon during abrasion is reduced, on the other hand, fine powder of micro-nanometer level is obtained, and the fine powder can play a role in refining grains by being smelted together with other raw materials, so that the abrasion resistance of the alloy is improved; the combination of 1020-1060 ℃ solid solution treatment and 550-580 ℃ aging treatment is utilized, wherein the homogenization of the alloy structure can be improved by solid solution at a proper temperature, and a large amount of nano-scale dispersion strengthening phases can be precipitated in the alloy structure by combining the aging treatment at a proper temperature, so that the wear resistance of the alloy is improved.
In conclusion, the Fe-Si-Cr alloy prepared by the method has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, is suitable for being applied under the high-abrasion environmental condition, and effectively expands the application range of the Fe-Si-Cr corrosion-resistant alloy.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
45 parts of Fe, 25 parts of Cr, 4 parts of Si, 2.5 parts of Mn, 1 part of Ni, 0.35 part of W, 0.3 part of Al, 0.25 part of Zr, 0.2 part of Ti, 0.12 part of Co, 0.06 part of Mo, 0.06 part of Sb, 0.05 part of Bi, 0.015 part of La, 0.01 part of Sc and 0.003 part of Ce.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing Si, Ni, W, Al, Sc and Sb powder, smelting in a vacuum induction furnace at 1550 ℃ to obtain a billet, and cold-rolling the billet into a sheet with the thickness of 0.4mm for later use;
(2) putting the slices obtained in the step (1) into a ball milling tank, and under the protection of inert atmosphere, using stainless steel balls to mill in a ball-material ratio of 18: 1. performing ball milling treatment for 18h under the condition that the ball milling rotating speed is 400r/min to obtain fine powder for later use;
(3) uniformly mixing the fine powder obtained in the step (2) with Fe, Cr, Mn, Zr, Ti, Co, Mo, Bi, La and Ce powder, pressing into blocks, putting into an electric arc furnace, sealing, vacuumizing, filling argon, arc-melting at 1580 ℃ for 1min, and turning over and melting for 3 times;
(4) the smelted alloy is subjected to solution treatment for 30min at 1020 ℃, then is subjected to aging treatment for 3h at 550 ℃, and is cooled to normal temperature through water quenching, so that the wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy is obtained.
Wherein the grain diameter of Fe, Cr and Si powder is 80 meshes, the grain diameter of Ni, W, Al and Bi powder is 350 meshes, and the grain diameter of Mn, Zr, Ti, Co, Mo, Sb, La, Sc and Ce powder is 200 meshes.
Example 2
The wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
fe 52 parts, Cr 37 parts, Si 5 parts, Mn 2.8 parts, Ni 1.4 parts, W0.5 parts, Al 0.46 parts, Zr 0.42 parts, Ti 0.22 parts, Co 0.16 parts, Mo 0.1 parts, Sb 0.08 parts, Bi 0.07 parts, La 0.02 parts, Sc 0.012 parts and Ce 0.004 parts.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing Si, Ni, W, Al, Sc and Sb powder, smelting in a vacuum induction furnace at 1565 ℃ to obtain a billet, and cold-rolling the billet into a sheet with the thickness of 0.65mm for later use;
(2) putting the slices obtained in the step (1) into a ball milling tank, and grinding with stainless steel balls under the protection of inert atmosphere, wherein the ball-material ratio is 20: 1. performing ball milling treatment for 20 hours under the condition that the ball milling rotating speed is 480r/min to obtain fine powder for later use;
(3) uniformly mixing the fine powder obtained in the step (2) with Fe, Cr, Mn, Zr, Ti, Co, Mo, Bi, La and Ce powder, pressing into blocks, putting into an electric arc furnace, sealing, vacuumizing, filling argon, arc-melting at 1610 ℃ for 1.2min, and turning and melting for 4 times;
(4) the smelted alloy is subjected to solution treatment at 1050 ℃ for 40min, then is subjected to aging treatment at 570 ℃ for 3.5h, and is quenched with water and cooled to normal temperature, so that the wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy is obtained.
Wherein the grain diameter of Fe, Cr and Si powder is 90 meshes, the grain diameter of Ni, W, Al and Bi powder is 380 meshes, and the grain diameter of Mn, Zr, Ti, Co, Mo, Sb, La, Sc and Ce powder is 240 meshes.
Example 3
The wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
fe 65 parts, Cr 45 parts, Si 8 parts, Mn 3.5 parts, Ni 1.5 parts, W0.55 parts, Al 0.5 parts, Zr 0.45 parts, Ti 0.3 parts, Co 0.18 parts, Mo 0.12 parts, Sb 0.1 parts, Bi 0.1 parts, La 0.025 parts, Sc 0.015 parts and Ce 0.005 parts.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing Si, Ni, W, Al, Sc and Sb powder, smelting in a vacuum induction furnace at 1580 ℃ to obtain a billet, and cold-rolling the billet into a sheet with the thickness of 0.8mm for later use;
(2) putting the slices obtained in the step (1) into a ball milling tank, and under the protection of inert atmosphere, using stainless steel balls with a ball-material ratio of 22: 1. performing ball milling treatment for 24 hours under the condition that the ball milling rotating speed is 500r/min to obtain fine powder for later use;
(3) uniformly mixing the fine powder obtained in the step (2) with Fe, Cr, Mn, Zr, Ti, Co, Mo, Bi, La and Ce powder, pressing into blocks, putting into an electric arc furnace, sealing, vacuumizing, filling argon, arc-melting at 1620 ℃ for 1.5min, and turning and melting for 4 times;
(4) the smelted alloy is subjected to solution treatment for 60min at 1060 ℃, then is subjected to aging treatment for 4h at 580 ℃, and is cooled to normal temperature through water quenching, so that the wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy is obtained.
Wherein the grain diameter of Fe, Cr and Si powder is 100 meshes, the grain diameter of Ni, W, Al and Bi powder is 400 meshes, and the grain diameter of Mn, Zr, Ti, Co, Mo, Sb, La, Sc and Ce powder is 250 meshes.
Comparative example 1
The corrosion-resistant alloy comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
45 parts of Fe, 25 parts of Cr and 4 parts of Si.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
weighing Fe, Cr and Si powder, pressing into blocks, putting into an electric arc furnace, sealing, vacuumizing, filling argon, arc-melting at 1550 ℃ for 1min, turning over and melting for 3 times, and water-quenching the melted materials to cool to room temperature to obtain the corrosion-resistant alloy. Wherein the grain diameter of the Fe, Cr and Si powder is 80 meshes.
The alloy materials prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 were subjected to performance tests, wherein the corrosion resistance test was carried out by respectively eroding the alloy materials in a phosphoric acid solution with a mass concentration of 10% and a hydrochloric acid solution with a mass concentration of 5% at 25 ℃ for 24 hours, and measuring the corrosion rate; the wear resistance test is to carry out end grinding test under the conditions of 200N and 300r/min for 1h, and measure the wear loss; the test results are shown in the following table:
therefore, the alloy material prepared by the invention has excellent corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
Claims (7)
1. The wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
45-65 parts of Fe, 25-45 parts of Cr, 4-8 parts of Si, 2.5-3.5 parts of Mn, 1-1.5 parts of Ni, 0.35-0.55 part of W, 0.3-0.5 part of Al, 0.25-0.45 part of Zr, 0.2-0.3 part of Ti, 0.12-0.18 part of Co, 0.06-0.12 part of Mo, 0.06-0.1 part of Sb, 0.05-0.1 part of Bi, 0.015-0.025 part of La, 0.01-0.015 part of Sc and 0.003-0.005 part of Ce;
the preparation method of the wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing Si, Ni, W, Al, Sc and Sb powder, smelting in a vacuum induction furnace to obtain a billet, and cold-rolling the billet into a sheet for later use;
(2) putting the slices obtained in the step (1) into a ball milling tank, and carrying out ball milling treatment on the slices by using stainless steel balls under the protection of inert atmosphere to obtain fine powder for later use;
(3) uniformly mixing the fine powder obtained in the step (2) with Fe, Cr, Mn, Zr, Ti, Co, Mo, Bi, La and Ce powder, pressing into blocks, putting into an electric arc furnace, sealing, vacuumizing, filling argon, arc melting at 1580-;
(4) the smelted alloy is subjected to solution treatment at 1020-1060 ℃ for 30-60min, then is subjected to aging treatment at 550-580 ℃ for 3-4h, and is cooled to normal temperature, so that the wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy is obtained.
2. The wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
fe 52 parts, Cr 37 parts, Si 5 parts, Mn 2.8 parts, Ni 1.4 parts, W0.5 parts, Al 0.46 parts, Zr 0.42 parts, Ti 0.22 parts, Co 0.16 parts, Mo 0.1 parts, Sb 0.08 parts, Bi 0.07 parts, La 0.02 parts, Sc 0.012 parts and Ce 0.004 parts.
3. The wear-resistant Fe-Si-Cr alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the smelting temperature in step (1) is 1550-.
4. A wear resistant iron silicon chromium alloy as claimed in claim 1 wherein the thickness of the flake in step (1) is 0.4-0.8 mm.
5. A wear-resistant iron-silicon-chromium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conditions of the ball milling treatment in step (2) are as follows: the ball material ratio is (18-22): 1, the ball milling rotation speed is 400-.
6. A wear resistant iron silicon chromium alloy as claimed in claim 1 wherein said cooling in step (4) is by water quenching.
7. The wear-resistant Fe-Si-Cr alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grain size of the Fe, Cr, Si powder is 80-100 mesh, the grain size of the Ni, W, Al, Bi powder is 350-400 mesh, and the grain size of the Mn, Zr, Ti, Co, Mo, Sb, La, Sc, Ce powder is 200-250 mesh.
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