CN110272264A - 用于高炉的无水炮泥及制备方法 - Google Patents

用于高炉的无水炮泥及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110272264A
CN110272264A CN201910422746.4A CN201910422746A CN110272264A CN 110272264 A CN110272264 A CN 110272264A CN 201910422746 A CN201910422746 A CN 201910422746A CN 110272264 A CN110272264 A CN 110272264A
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stemming
blast furnace
alumina
anhydrous stemming
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金从进
邱文冬
鲍戟
欧阳军华
何晓俊
阮国智
刘成炎
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Shanghai Baosteel Industry Technological Service Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于高炉的无水炮泥及制备方法，本无水炮泥包括以重量份计的10～20％石英砂、10～20％三级矾土、8～12％冶金焦炭末、6～12%的75级碳化硅颗粒、18～25％烧结莫来石细粉、3～6%氧化铝微粉、6～9%软质黏土、12～20%的90级氮化硅粉、2～3%的75级硅铁微粉；外加0.1～0.3%碳润湿剂、0.05～0.1%增塑剂和13～15%环保型结合剂。本方法以石英砂、三级矾土、冶金焦炭末、碳化硅、氮化硅、烧结莫来石细粉、氧化铝微粉、软质粘土等为原料，经过65±5℃温度下混炼40分钟以上，混炼后采用挤泥机挤出成型。本炮泥及制备方法有效提高环保性能，性价比高，且不冒黑烟、可塑性好、好打泥、出铁时间长、易开口，可方便维护铁口深度，降低吨铁消耗，完全满足大中型高炉的要求。

Description

用于高炉的无水炮泥及制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于高炉的无水炮泥及制备方法。
背景技术
随着高炉冶炼技术的迅速发展，使用高风温、富氧喷吹、高压等操作，使高炉铁口成为炉缸结构中最薄弱、最重要的部位。炮泥是高炉长寿顺行的关键材料之一，炮泥的好坏直接影响铁口深度和炉缸耐火材料的寿命。
目前使用的普通炮泥主要采用刚玉、碳化硅、氮化硅铁、黏土、绢云母、沥青、焦炭为主要原料，并采用焦油为结合剂。另外还有环保型炮泥，其采用的原料与普通炮泥类似，结合剂采用低苯并芘含量的环保结合剂。另外为了降低成本，一些低成本炮泥大量采用废弃耐材，如用后炮泥、用后铁沟料、用后铝碳化硅碳砖、用后刚玉砖、用后高铝砖等，以及低品位原矿，如煤矸石、蜡石等。采用焦油结合剂制备的炮泥使用过程中冒黑烟、释放有毒有害物质，将逐渐退出市场；采用刚玉、高纯度碳化硅、氮化硅铁为原料的环保型炮泥存在成本高、难开口的问题；大量采用废弃耐材和低品位原矿的低成本炮泥存在性能不稳定、吨铁消耗高的问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种用于高炉的无水炮泥及制备方法，本炮泥及制备方法有效提高环保性能，性价比高，且不冒黑烟、可塑性好、好打泥、出铁时间长、易开口，可方便维护铁口深度，降低吨铁消耗，完全满足大中型高炉的要求。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明用于高炉的无水炮泥包括以重量份计的10～20％石英砂、10～20％三级矾土、8～12％冶金焦炭末、6～12%的75级碳化硅颗粒、18～25％烧结莫来石细粉、3～6%氧化铝微粉、6～9%软质黏土、12～20%的90级氮化硅粉、2～3%的75级硅铁微粉；外加0.1～0.3%碳润湿剂、0.05～0.1%增塑剂和13～15%环保型结合剂。
进一步，所述环保型结合剂为低苯并芘，其苯并芘含量小于1000ppm。
一种上述无水炮泥的制备方法，采用所述石英砂、三级矾土、冶金焦炭末、碳化硅、氮化硅、烧结莫来石细粉、氧化铝微粉、软质粘土等为原料，经过65±5℃温度下混炼40分钟以上，混炼后采用挤泥机挤出成型。
由于本发明用于高炉的无水炮泥及制备方法采用了上述技术方案，即本无水炮泥包括以重量份计的10～20％石英砂、10～20％三级矾土、8～12％冶金焦炭末、6～12%的75级碳化硅颗粒、18～25％烧结莫来石细粉、3～6%氧化铝微粉、6～9%软质黏土、12～20%的90级氮化硅粉、2～3%的75级硅铁微粉；外加0.1～0.3%碳润湿剂、0.05～0.1%增塑剂和13～15%环保型结合剂。本方法以石英砂、三级矾土、冶金焦炭末、碳化硅、氮化硅、烧结莫来石细粉、氧化铝微粉、软质粘土等为原料，经过65±5℃温度下混炼40分钟以上，混炼后采用挤泥机挤出成型。本炮泥及制备方法有效提高环保性能，性价比高，且不冒黑烟、可塑性好、好打泥、出铁时间长、易开口，可方便维护铁口深度，降低吨铁消耗，完全满足大中型高炉的要求。
具体实施方式
本发明用于高炉的无水炮泥包括以重量份计的10～20％石英砂、10～20％三级矾土、8～12％冶金焦炭末、6～12%的75级碳化硅颗粒、18～25％烧结莫来石细粉、3～6%氧化铝微粉、6～9%软质黏土、12～20%的90级氮化硅粉、2～3%的75级硅铁微粉；外加0.1～0.3%碳润湿剂、0.05～0.1%增塑剂和13～15%环保型结合剂。
其中，碳润湿剂可采用德国Z&S司马化学公司生产的牌号为GLYDOL N2002 的外加剂，增塑剂采用羧甲基纤维素钠。
优选的，所述环保型结合剂为低苯并芘，其苯并芘含量小于1000ppm。
一种上述无水炮泥的制备方法，采用所述石英砂、三级矾土、冶金焦炭末、碳化硅、氮化硅、烧结莫来石细粉、氧化铝微粉、软质粘土等为原料，经过65±5℃温度下混炼40分钟以上，混炼后采用挤泥机挤出成型。
本无水炮泥具有良好的环保性能和高性价比，可用于大中型高炉，且不冒黑烟、可塑性好、好打泥、出铁时间长、易开口，可以有效维护铁口深度，其吨铁消耗小于0.5kg，完全满足大中型高炉要求。其中颗粒采用价格不高、性能稳定的石英砂、三级矾土、75级碳化硅和冶金焦碳末，细粉采用价格适中、性能稳定的90级氮化硅粉、烧结莫来石粉、软质黏土粉、氧化铝微粉和75级硅铁微粉，外加剂包括碳润湿剂、增塑剂，结合剂采用低苯并芘的环保结合剂。
本无水炮泥同采用焦油结合剂制备的炮泥相比更环保，使用过程中不冒黑烟和释放有毒有害物质。同采用刚玉、高纯度碳化硅、氮化硅铁为原料的环保炮泥相比，性价比高，好开口。同大量采用废弃耐材和低品位原矿的低成本型炮泥相比，性能稳定、吨铁消耗低。
表1列出了本无水炮泥六项实例的成分(重量百分数)和特性：
表1
实例 1 2 3 4 5 6
石英砂（%） 10 10 15 15 20 20
三级矾土（%） 20 20 15 15 10 10
冶金焦炭末（%） 12 11 10 10 12 8
75级碳化硅颗粒（%） 6 9 8 10 10 12
烧结莫来石细粉（%） 18 22 19 20 19 25
90级氮化硅粉（%） 17 15 20 17 14 12
75级硅铁粉（%） 3 2 2 3 3 3
氧化铝微粉（%） 5 3 4 4 6 3
软质黏土（%） 9 8 7 6 6 7
碳润湿剂（%） 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.15 0.15
增塑剂（%） 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.1
环保结合剂（%） 15 14 14 13 14 14
1400℃烧后体积密度，g/cm<sup>3</sup> 2.06 2.08 2.07 2.06 2.04 2.05
1400℃烧后显气孔率，% 24 23 22 23 25 24
1400℃耐压强度，MPa 21 20 24 23 25 22
60℃马夏值，MPa 1.23 1.12 0.98 0.91 1.04 0.94
铁口深度合格率 高 较高 很高 高 高 较高
抗铁水和渣冲刷性能 很好 很好 很好 很好 好 好
开口难易 好 好 好 好 好 好
环保性能 很好 很好 很好 很好 很好 很好
性价比 高 高 很高 很高 高 高
表2列出了焦油结合炮泥、环保炮泥的组成(重量百分数)和特性：
焦油结合炮泥 环保炮泥
刚玉、特矾 30～60 30～60
碳化硅、氮化硅铁 10～30 10～30
焦炭 10～25 10～25
软质黏土、绢云母 10～15 10～15
焦油结合剂 14～18 －
环保结合剂 - 14～16
1400℃烧后体积密度，g/cm<sup>3</sup> 1.90-3.10 2.0-2.8
1400℃烧后显气孔率，% 24-27 22-26
1400℃耐压强度，MPa 15-20 24-40
60℃马夏值，MPa 1.60-2.00 1.40-1.80
铁口深度合格率 较好 较好
抗铁水和渣冲刷性能 较好 很好
开口难易 易 难
环保性能 差 很好
性价比 高 一般
对照表1和表2可知，本无水炮泥同采用焦油结合剂制备的炮泥相比更环保，使用过程中不冒黑烟和释放有毒有害物质。同采用刚玉、高纯度碳化硅、氮化硅铁为原料的环保炮泥相比，性价比高，好开口。同大量采用废弃耐材和低品位原矿的低成本型炮泥相比，性能稳定、吨铁消耗低。

Claims (3)

1.一种用于高炉的无水炮泥，其特征在于：本无水炮泥包括以重量份计的10～20％石英砂、10～20％三级矾土、8～12％冶金焦炭末、6～12%的75级碳化硅颗粒、18～25％烧结莫来石细粉、3～6%氧化铝微粉、6～9%软质黏土、12～20%的90级氮化硅粉、2～3%的75级硅铁微粉；外加0.1～0.3%碳润湿剂、0.05～0.1%增塑剂和13～15%环保型结合剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于高炉的无水炮泥，其特征在于：所述环保型结合剂为低苯并芘，其苯并芘含量小于1000ppm。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述无水炮泥的制备方法，其特征在于：采用所述原料，经过65±5℃温度下混炼40分钟以上，混炼后采用挤泥机挤出成型。
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