CN110259622A - A kind of conical draft tube with ellipse and regular hexagonal cell - Google Patents
A kind of conical draft tube with ellipse and regular hexagonal cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN110259622A CN110259622A CN201910406329.0A CN201910406329A CN110259622A CN 110259622 A CN110259622 A CN 110259622A CN 201910406329 A CN201910406329 A CN 201910406329A CN 110259622 A CN110259622 A CN 110259622A
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- cylinder
- taper
- splitter
- right cone
- cone cylinder
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/04—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator for diminishing cavitation or vibration, e.g. balancing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
- F03B3/16—Stators
- F03B3/18—Stator blades; Guide conduits or vanes, e.g. adjustable
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention, which discloses in a kind of hydraulic turbine for being mounted on power station, has oval and regular hexagonal cell conical draft tube, its most external is the right cone cylinder that axial cross section is taper, right cone cylinder upper end is taper small end, lower end is taper big end, setting axial cross section is the shunt cylinder of taper inside right cone cylinder, shunt cylinder upper end is taper small end, lower end is taper big end, it is fixed between the lateral wall of shunt cylinder and the inner sidewall of right cone cylinder to be embedded with the splitter that axial cross section is taper, splitter upper end is taper big end, lower end is taper small end, it is along the circumferential direction uniformly fixed embedded with several oval mesh flakes on splitter, the centre of each ellipse mesh flake is the regular hexagonal cell hole continuously to connect, edge is irregular polygon grid hole, for reducing vortex rope eccentricity, fluid is when by oval mesh flake, fluid boundary Layer separation is small, reduces the pressure difference of draft tube inner periphery and center, weakens vortex rope radial pulsation, extends draft tube service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Fluid Machinery and Engineering apparatus fields, and in particular to a kind of to be mounted in the hydraulic turbine in power station
Conical draft tube structure.
Background technique
The hydraulic turbine is mounted in power station, and by water level potential difference, the potential energy of water is changed into kinetic energy.When water flow is from the hydraulic turbine
Runner leave during, water velocity is gradually reduced, and pressure increases with it, when water flow enters the draft tube below runner
When, inside draft tube because ambient pressure is big and center pressure is small, cause around and center pressure difference become larger, flow rate of water flow drop
Low-pressure improves, and causes the broken and eccentric phenomena of vortex rope, causes serious radial pressure pulsation phenomenon with this, while can also hold
Easily there is a phenomenon where secondary backs, to influence the stationary performance of the overall operation of the hydraulic turbine.
The vortex rope formed in the draft tube of the hydraulic turbine is a kind of whirlpool of special shape, when the hydraulic turbine is in partial load condition
When lower operation, when the flow of hydraulic turbine actual operating mode is less than the flow of design conditions, it can be generated inside draft tube strong
Pressure fluctuation phenomenon, this serious water turbine set stable operation of pressure fluctuation.In order to reduce this pressure fluctuation, guarantee water wheels
Stable operation of unit uses some measures in engineering field, these measures are broadly divided into following three aspects:
One, by changing outlet of rotary wheel design, specially lengthening runner cone, to reduce the pressure of vortex rope in draft tube
Pulsation;The problem of program is primarily present is: the runner of the hydraulic turbine is connected with the main shaft of water turbine set, in abatement vortex rope
While can cause driven by rotating wheel spindle vibration phenomenon, the covibration of main shaft is caused when serious, seriously affects the steady of the hydraulic turbine
Fixed operation.
Two, the pressure fluctuation of vortex rope is reduced by designing certain vortex rope inhibition structure, is specially installed in draft tube
Multilevel deflector grid structure, abatement draft tube vortex rope is eccentric, weakens pressure fluctuation;The problem of program is primarily present is: draft tube
Inside has the variation of apparent barometric gradient due to the presence of vortex rope, it may occur that apparent cavitation and cavitation corrosion, this cavitation
Airflow fence can be seriously destroyed with cavitation corrosion, causes airflow fence service life very short, economic effect is excessively poor, while airflow fence processing is wanted
Ask high, assembly difficulty is big, and specific implementation brings many difficulties.
Three, by the way that tonifying Qi and water replanishing device is arranged in water dispenser group, high pressure tonifying Qi and moisturizing specially are installed in outlet of rotary wheel
Device, reducing the problem of vortex rope is eccentric, and the program is primarily present is: in draft tube exit, pressure fluctuation is still it is obvious that high
Jet flow leads to high-low pressure water flow blending, and fluid energy consumption increases, and draft tube recovers energy low efficiency, also aggravates the sky in draft tube
Change, reduces draft tube service life.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is mentioned to solve the problems, such as vortex rope offset and broken caused pressure fluctuation in the draft tube of the existing hydraulic turbine
The straight-tapered tail water with ellipse and regular hexagonal cell that can reduce pressure fluctuation, improve hydraulic turbine even running a kind of out
Pipe.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is that: its most external is the right cone cylinder that axial cross section is taper, the upper end of right cone cylinder
It is taper small end, lower end is taper big end, setting axial cross section is the shunt cylinder of taper inside right cone cylinder, and the upper end of shunt cylinder is
Taper small end, lower end are taper big ends;Fixing between the lateral wall of shunt cylinder and the inner sidewall of right cone cylinder embedded with axial cross section is
The splitter of taper, it is taper small end, right cone cylinder, shunt cylinder and splitter three that the upper end of splitter, which is taper big end, lower end,
Central axis it is conllinear;It is along the circumferential direction uniformly fixed embedded with several identical oval mesh flakes, each ellipse on splitter
Along the generatrix direction of splitter, the centre of each ellipse mesh flake continuously connects the elliptical long axis direction of shape mesh flake
Regular hexagonal cell hole, edge are irregular polygon grid holes.
Further, the outer diameter D of right cone cylinder lower end surface2=0.88L1, the outer diameter D of right cone cylinder upper surface1=0.32L1, L1It is
The axial height of right cone cylinder.
Further, the axial height of shunt cylinder is L3, 0.2L1≤L3≤0.3L1, the lower end surface of shunt cylinder to right cone
The axial distance L of the lower end surface of cylinder4=1.2L3;The outside diameter d of shunt cylinder upper surface1=0.17L1, the outside diameter d of shunt cylinder lower end surface2
=0.25L1, L1It is the axial height of right cone cylinder.
Further, axial distance L of the lower end surface of splitter to the lower end surface of right cone cylinder5=0.35L1, splitter
Axial distance L of the upper surface to the lower end surface of right cone cylinder6=0.45L1;The upper surface diameter d of splitter3=0.75D2, splitter
Lower end surface diameter d4=0.48D2。
Further, the center of each oval mesh flake to splitter central axis horizontal distance L7=0.38D2;It is ellipse
A length of a of the semi-major axis of roundness mess piece, a length of b, 0.25d of semi-minor axis1≤a≤0.3d1, 0.15d1≤b≤0.2d1, positive six
The side length m=0.16a of side shape grid hole.
The present invention by adopting the above technical scheme after major advantage be:
1, the range that the present invention is applicable in is wide, the hydraulic turbine for being 80~100 suitable for specific speed, and pressure fluctuation of the present invention
Frequency can reduce to 1/6 to 1/5, and amplitude is reduced to 110kPa, obvious to ripple frequency reduction effect, and it is bright that amplitude cuts down effect
It is aobvious.
2, the present invention is mounted with shunt cylinder inside draft tube, will not be by the load transmission of receiving to main shaft, Bu Huiyin
The vibration for playing water turbine set main shaft ensure that water turbine units stable operation when deviateing design conditions, deviate design conditions work
Vibration noise is small when making.
3, the present invention is being mounted with the oval net with regular hexagonal cell hole between shunt cylinder and draft tube inner wall
Lattice piece is crushed eccentric vortex band for reducing vortex rope eccentricity, reduces the pressure fluctuation in draft tube, fluid is by ellipse
When mesh flake, fluid boundary layer separation is small, and the resistance generated in this way is small, and fluid is separated and fallen off small, week inside reduction draft tube
The pressure difference with center is enclosed, regular hexagonal cell hole absorbs vibration obviously, weakens vortex rope radial pulsation, reduces vortex rope energy, mention
High draft tube recovery efficiency, suppression cavitation occurs well, extends draft tube service life.
4, the present invention does not influence the efficiency of hydraulic turbine normal work, does not need other additional power devices, energy consumption is
It is low, it reduces vortex rope and causes to pulse high-efficient, inhibit backflow phenomenon well, also avoid being dug on a large scale below the hydraulic turbine
Pick solves the problems, such as the forced oscillation that vortex rope under sub-load generates, while boundary layer separation is small when fluid flows through grid, tail water
It is less likely to occur cavitation inside pipe, extends its service life, also efficiently solve the problems, such as generating set resonant vibration.
5, the present invention does not need to be excavated on a large scale below unit, and installation implements simply, solve sub-load
The forced oscillation problem that lower vortex rope generates, efficiently solves the problems, such as generating set resonant vibration.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that a kind of three-dimensional structure with oval and regular hexagonal cell conical draft tube of the present invention is cutd open
View;
Fig. 2 is that Fig. 1 looks up axonometric drawing;
Fig. 3 is the front sectional view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the top view of right cone cylinder in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the bottom view of Fig. 3;
Fig. 6 is the schematic enlarged-scale view of an oval mesh flake in Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the schematic enlarged-scale view of shunt cylinder and splitter in Fig. 3;
In figure: 9- right cone cylinder;10- splitter;11- ellipse mesh flake;12- shunt cylinder;13- flange;14- regular hexagon
Grid;15- irregular polygon grid hole.
Specific embodiment
Referring to figure 1 and figure 2, draft tube 5 of the present invention is by right cone cylinder 9, splitter 10, oval mesh flake 11
It is formed with shunt cylinder 12.Most external is right cone cylinder 9, and the axial cross section of right cone cylinder 9 is taper, and the upper end of right cone cylinder 9 is water inlet,
It is taper small end, lower end is water outlet, is taper big end, penetrates through inside right cone cylinder 9 from water inlet to water outlet.In right cone cylinder 9
Upper end at mounting flange 13, it is fixed that right cone cylinder 9 passes through flange 13.
Shunt cylinder 12 is set inside right cone cylinder 9, and the axial cross section of shunt cylinder 12 is also taper, central shaft and right cone cylinder
9 central axis is conllinear.The upper end of shunt cylinder 12 is taper small end, and lower end is taper big end.12 empty set of shunt cylinder is in right cone cylinder 9
Inside, the axial height of shunt cylinder 12 are less than the axial height of right cone cylinder 9, upper end of the upper end of shunt cylinder 12 apart from right cone cylinder 9
There is a distance, there is a distance in lower end of the lower end of shunt cylinder 12 apart from right cone cylinder 9, entire shunt cylinder 12 is made to be contained in right cone
The inside of cylinder 9.
It is fixed between the lateral wall of shunt cylinder 12 and the inner sidewall of right cone cylinder 9 to be embedded with the shunting that axial cross section is also taper
Piece 10, splitter 10 connect between the inner sidewall of right cone cylinder 9 and the lateral wall of shunt cylinder 12 respectively.The upper end of splitter 10 is
Taper big end, lower end are taper small ends.Right cone cylinder 9, shunt cylinder 12, the central axis of 10 three of splitter are conllinear.
Along the circumferential direction uniformly fixed embedded with several identical oval mesh flakes 11 on splitter 10, the present invention is set
8 oval mesh flakes 11 are set.The thickness of oval mesh flake 11 is identical as the thickness of splitter 10, the upper and lower surface of the two
Concordantly.The elliptical long axis direction of each ellipse mesh flake 11 is the generatrix direction along splitter 10, i.e., along splitter 10
The upper offline direction of side wall.There are distances between the outer wall of oval mesh flake 11 and splitter 10,12 inner wall of shunt cylinder.Often
On a ellipse mesh flake 11, other than four Mondays circle, rest part is made of several regular hexagonal cell holes.
Shown in Figure 3, the axial height of right cone cylinder 9 is L1, L1=1196~1716cm.The axial height of flange 15 is
L2, 0.05L1≤L2≤0.06L1.The axial height of shunt cylinder 10 is L3, 0.2L1≤L3≤0.3L1.The lower end surface of shunt cylinder 12 is arrived
The axial distance of the lower end surface of right cone cylinder 9 is L4, L4=1.2L3.Axis of the lower end surface of splitter 10 to the lower end surface of right cone cylinder 9
It is L to distance5, L5=0.35L1.The axial distance of the upper surface of splitter 10 to the lower end surface of right cone cylinder 9 is L6, L6=
0.45L1。
The wall thickness t of right cone cylinder 91=0.25L2, the wall thickness t of shunt cylinder 102=0.23L2.The axis of splitter 10
To section taper cone angle be 2 β, preferably 50 ° of β.10 thickness t of splitter3=0.12L2.The outer diameter of 12 upper surface of shunt cylinder is
d1,d1=0.17L1, the outer diameter of 12 lower end surface of shunt cylinder is d2,d2=0.25L1。
Shown in Figure 4, the outer diameter of 9 lower end surface of right cone cylinder is D2,D2=0.88L1, the outer diameter of 9 upper surface of right cone cylinder is
D1,D1=0.32L1。
Shown in Figure 5,8 oval mesh flakes 11 are arranged in the present invention on splitter 10, oval mesh flake 11
Long axis direction is the generatrix direction along splitter 10.The center of each ellipse mesh flake 11 is to 10 central axis of splitter
Horizontal distance is L7, L7=0.38D2.Angle γ=45 ° per adjacent two between oval mesh flake 11.
Shown in Figure 6, the centre of oval mesh flake 11 is the regular hexagonal cell hole 14 continuously to connect, oval net
The profile in the regular hexagonal cell hole 14 of the edge of lattice piece 11 is truncated by the edge of oval mesh flake 11, is formed irregular
Polygon latticed checkerwork cell 15.A length of a of the semi-major axis of oval mesh flake 11, a length of b, 0.25d of semi-minor axis1≤a≤0.3d1,
0.15d1≤b≤0.2d1.Wherein, the side length in regular hexagonal cell hole 14 is m, m=0.16a.
Referring to Fig. 7, the upper surface diameter of splitter 10 is d3=0.75D2, the lower end surface diameter of splitter 10 is d4=
0.48D2。
When the hydraulic turbine works, under certain operating condition, pressure fluctuation power caused by eccentric vortex band is F, pressure arteries and veins in right cone cylinder 9
Power F is vortex rope eccentric distance e and the circumference tangential component C of the horizontal section flow velocityu2Function, i.e. F=f (efCu2).According to whirlpool
Band pressure P calculation formula:P is the vortex rope pressure being subject to, and R is the radius of the hydraulic turbine 2, and ρ is liquid
Volume density, CeIt is the circumferential components at radius R, efIt is the vortex rope eccentricity at radius R.Shunt cylinder 12 in the present invention
Effect is that the water flow velocity in right cone cylinder 9 is made to be distributed as symmetrically, reducing vortex rope eccentric distance efValue, that is, reduce vortex rope revolution half
Diameter reduces energy pressure fluctuation to reduce the value of vortex rope pressure P in this way, vibration problem caused by reducing due to vortex rope offset.
The phenomenon that there are circular rectors when water flow enters right cone cylinder 9, exist simultaneously vortex rope offset, and vortex rope falls off, by shunt cylinder 12, by it
The flowing being divided between 12 internal flow of shunt cylinder and shunt cylinder 12 and 9 inner wall of right cone cylinder reduces vortex rope offset, together in this way
When grid hole of the fluid by the oval mesh flake 11 on splitter 10, the grid hole of oval mesh flake 11 is to shunting
The eccentric vortex band of flowing between cylinder 12 and 9 inner wall of right cone cylinder is destroyed, and reduces vortex rope eccentricity, and then it is inclined to reduce vortex rope
Pressure fluctuation caused by the heart, the oval mesh flake 11 on splitter 10 inhibits eccentric vortex band dose-effect fruit obvious, and is flowing through
When oval mesh flake 11 on splitter 10, local resistance loss is small, and fluid boundary layer separation is small, reaches that reduce vortex rope eccentric
The pressure fluctuation inside right cone cylinder 9 has been cut down in caused pressure fluctuation, simultaneously because the effect of grid, the Reynolds at vortex rope center
Number reduces, and such 9 interior cavitation of right cone cylinder can also reduce, reduce fluid to the cavitation corrosion of right cone cylinder 9, prolong its service life.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of with oval and regular hexagonal cell conical draft tube, most external is the right cone cylinder that axial cross section is taper
(9), it is taper big end that the upper end of right cone cylinder (9), which is taper small end, lower end, is cut it is characterized in that: setting is axial inside right cone cylinder (9)
Face is the shunt cylinder (12) of taper, and it is taper big end that the upper end of shunt cylinder (12), which is taper small end, lower end,;Outside shunt cylinder (12)
Between side wall and the inner sidewall of right cone cylinder (9) it is fixed embedded with axial cross section be taper splitter (10), splitter (10) it is upper
It is taper small end that end, which is taper big end, lower end, and the central axis of right cone cylinder (9), shunt cylinder (12) and splitter (10) three is conllinear;
It is along the circumferential direction uniformly fixed embedded with several identical oval mesh flakes (11), each ellipse grid on splitter (10)
For the elliptical long axis direction of piece (11) along the generatrix direction of splitter (10), the centre of each ellipse mesh flake (11) is continuous
Regular hexagonal cell hole (14), the edge to connect is irregular polygon grid hole (150.
2. it is according to claim 1 a kind of with oval and regular hexagonal cell conical draft tube, it is characterized in that: directly
The outer diameter D of cone cylinder (9) lower end surface2=0.88L1, the outer diameter D of right cone cylinder (9) upper surface1=0.32L1, L1It is the axis of right cone cylinder (9)
To height.
3. it is according to claim 2 a kind of with oval and regular hexagonal cell conical draft tube, it is characterized in that: point
The axial height of flow cartridge (10) is L3, 0.2L1≤L3≤0.3L1, the lower end surface of the lower end surface of shunt cylinder (12) to right cone cylinder (9)
Axial distance L4=1.2L3;The outside diameter d of shunt cylinder (12) upper surface1=0.17L1, the outside diameter d of shunt cylinder (12) lower end surface2=
0.25L1, L1It is the axial height of right cone cylinder (9).
4. it is according to claim 3 a kind of with oval and regular hexagonal cell conical draft tube, it is characterized in that: point
Axial distance L of the lower end surface of flow (10) to the lower end surface of right cone cylinder (9)5=0.35L1, the upper surface of splitter (10) is to directly
The axial distance L of the lower end surface of cone cylinder (9)6=0.45L1;The upper surface diameter d of splitter (10)3=0.75D2, splitter
(10) lower end surface diameter d4=0.48D2。
5. it is according to claim 4 a kind of with oval and regular hexagonal cell conical draft tube, it is characterized in that: often
It is a ellipse mesh flake (11) center to splitter (10) central axis horizontal distance L7=0.38D2;Oval mesh flake
(11) a length of a of semi-major axis, a length of b, 0.25d of semi-minor axis1≤a≤0.3d1, 0.15d1≤b≤0.2d1, regular hexagon net
The side length m=0.16a of checkerwork cell (14).
6. it is according to claim 2 a kind of with oval and regular hexagonal cell conical draft tube, it is characterized in that: directly
Fixed at the upper end of cone cylinder (9) that flange (13) are housed, the axial height of flange (15) is L2, 0.05L1≤L2≤0.06L1, right cone
The wall thickness t of cylinder (9)1=0.25L2, the wall thickness t of shunt cylinder (10)2=0.23L2, the thickness t of splitter (10)3=
0.12L2。
Priority Applications (1)
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CN201910406329.0A CN110259622B (en) | 2019-05-15 | 2019-05-15 | Straight-cone-shaped draft tube with elliptical and regular hexagonal grids |
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CN201910406329.0A CN110259622B (en) | 2019-05-15 | 2019-05-15 | Straight-cone-shaped draft tube with elliptical and regular hexagonal grids |
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CN110259622B CN110259622B (en) | 2020-09-25 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111927676A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-11-13 | 江苏大学 | Draft tube using guide grid composed of rectangular guide fins as vortex suppression device |
CN111928460A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-11-13 | 江苏大学 | Device for collecting heat output by air conditioner external unit |
CN111927675A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-11-13 | 江苏大学 | Utilize regular hexagon water conservancy diversion bars to do draft tube of suppressing whirlpool device |
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CN104121138A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-10-29 | 清华大学 | Water turbine draft tube with vortex restraining function |
CN203962278U (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2014-11-26 | 中山市创想模型设计有限公司 | A kind of draft tube for water turbine |
CN204532665U (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-08-05 | 广东梅雁吉祥水电股份有限公司 | The combined type draft tube structure of water turbine |
JP2016050520A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-04-11 | 株式会社東芝 | Hydraulic machine |
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CN203962278U (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2014-11-26 | 中山市创想模型设计有限公司 | A kind of draft tube for water turbine |
CN104121138A (en) * | 2014-07-28 | 2014-10-29 | 清华大学 | Water turbine draft tube with vortex restraining function |
JP2016050520A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-04-11 | 株式会社東芝 | Hydraulic machine |
CN204532665U (en) * | 2015-03-20 | 2015-08-05 | 广东梅雁吉祥水电股份有限公司 | The combined type draft tube structure of water turbine |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111927676A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-11-13 | 江苏大学 | Draft tube using guide grid composed of rectangular guide fins as vortex suppression device |
CN111927675A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-11-13 | 江苏大学 | Utilize regular hexagon water conservancy diversion bars to do draft tube of suppressing whirlpool device |
CN111928460A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-11-13 | 江苏大学 | Device for collecting heat output by air conditioner external unit |
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