CN110257665B - Preparation method of pure copper-brass composite wire with soft/hard filamentous structure - Google Patents
Preparation method of pure copper-brass composite wire with soft/hard filamentous structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN110257665B CN110257665B CN201910543315.3A CN201910543315A CN110257665B CN 110257665 B CN110257665 B CN 110257665B CN 201910543315 A CN201910543315 A CN 201910543315A CN 110257665 B CN110257665 B CN 110257665B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
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- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a pure copper-brass composite wire with a soft/hard filamentous structure. Firstly, carrying out multilayer alternate stacking on pure copper and brass plates with the thickness of 0.5-3 mm, and then, tightly welding the pure copper and the brass plates together by utilizing diffusion pressure welding treatment; and slicing along the longitudinal direction, rotating for a certain angle, alternately stacking for secondary diffusion pressure welding, and finally obtaining the pure copper-brass composite wire with the soft/hard wire-shaped structure through rotary rolling and annealing treatment. The interface of the pure copper-brass composite wire with the soft/hard filamentous structure obtained by the invention is tightly combined, and the defects of cracks, holes and the like are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of structural materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a pure copper-brass composite wire with a soft/hard filamentous structure.
Background
Copper and copper alloy are one of the earliest metal materials successfully prepared and widely applied by human beings, and are widely applied to the fields of electric power, machinery, construction, national defense industry and the like. With the continuous promotion of industrial technology, the social demand on high-performance metal structural materials is further promoted, and particularly, higher requirements are put forward on the obdurability matching of traditional metal materials such as copper and copper alloy. Pure copper has excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, however, its strength is low (coarse-grained tensile strength is about 200MPa), limiting its further applications. The strength of the copper alloy can be improved by adding Zn, Ni, Sn and other elements into pure copper to form the copper alloy. However, the common copper alloy not only has complex smelting process, large energy consumption and environmental pollution, but also has limited strength improvement effect. Taking H62 brass as an example, the tensile strength is generally about 300MPa, which also limits the application field of the brass as a structural material.
In recent years, Wu et al (PNAS,2015,112(47): 14501-. The material obtains an isomeric material with soft/hard phases distributed in a layered form by regulating and controlling the distribution of the soft/hard phases in the material. In the deformation process, the strength and the toughness of the material can be improved to a certain extent through the coordination effect of the interfaces of the heterogeneous layered structures. Ma et al (script materials, 2015,103:57-60.) produced a multilayer composite sheet of pure copper and brass using the cold deformation plus annealing process, and analysis showed that: the multilayer pure copper-brass composite sheet material has excellent mechanical properties, mainly due to the additional strengthening produced when the soft/hard interface is cooperatively deformed. However, the multilayer materials prepared by this method have a number of disadvantages. On one hand, the two metals are difficult to be effectively combined depending on cold deformation, and the problems of low material utilization rate caused by cracks and poor interface bonding property are easy to occur in the deformation process; on the other hand, the interface of the multilayer composite material is limited, and the interface strengthening effect is also limited to a certain degree. Therefore, a new preparation method is sought to prepare the material with high interface ratio and excellent bonding property, and the method has important significance for researching the toughness and industrial production of the traditional material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a pure copper-brass composite wire with a soft/hard filamentous structure.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a soft/hard filamentous pure copper-brass composite wire comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting and surface oxide layer removing of pure copper and brass plates
Cutting 0.5-3 mm thick pure copper and brass plates into the same size, mechanically polishing and polishing the surfaces of the pure copper and brass plates, cleaning a surface oxide layer to ensure that the surface roughness Ra is less than 1.0 mu m, then putting the pure copper and brass plates into an acetone solution for cleaning for 10-30 min, and finally air-drying the pure copper and brass plates by cold air.
The pure copper used is industrial T2 brand pure copper, and the chemical composition (wt.%) of the pure copper is as follows: cu + Ag >99.90, the brass is industrial H62 brand brass, and the chemical composition (wt.%) of the brass is required to be: 60.5-63.5 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.08 percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of Sb, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of Bi, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of P, and the balance of Zn.
(2) Diffusion pressure welding process
And (3) sequentially and alternately stacking the pure copper and brass plates without the oxide layers, putting the pure copper and brass plates into a pressure system, vacuumizing, filling argon for protection, applying forward pressure between the pure copper and brass stacked plates, keeping the pressure value at 0.5-3 MPa, raising the temperature of the system to 800-950 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 1-5 h, cooling the system to room temperature along with the furnace, and taking out.
The number of layers stacked alternately is at least 4 and is an even number.
Pumping to a vacuum degree of 10-3And introducing argon for protection after Pa.
(3) Longitudinal slicing and secondary diffusion pressure welding
Slicing the welded multilayer composite material along the longitudinal direction, wherein the thickness of each lamella is 0.5-3 mm, and the number of the lamellae is at least 4 and is an even number; and (3) repeating the step (1) to perform surface treatment, rotating all the slices respectively and alternately stacking the slices, and repeating the step (2) to perform secondary diffusion pressure welding.
The slices were rotated 180 ° and 0 ° respectively, with the normal to the sheet as the axis, and stacked alternately, ensuring that each pure copper and brass sheet were alternating.
(4) Rotary forging process
And turning the pure copper-brass composite material prepared by secondary diffusion pressure welding into a round rod, and carrying out rotary forging and pressing at room temperature to obtain the deformed filiform pure copper-brass composite wire.
The axial direction of the pure copper-brass composite round rod is parallel to the pure copper-brass lines, and the diameter of the round rod is 10-30 mm.
The compression ratio of each pass of the rotary forging is 2-20% and the total deformation is 60-90%.
The main purposes of the rotary forging treatment are as follows: on one hand, the diameter of the required wire rod can be accurately obtained by controlling the deformation amount, and the controllable design of the size is facilitated; on the other hand, the pure copper-brass composite wire is subjected to large deformation treatment, so that the subsequent annealing process is facilitated to regulate and control the tissue structure, and the purpose of obtaining a controllable tissue is achieved.
(5) Heat treatment for controlling soft/hard tissue
And (3) carrying out recrystallization heat treatment on the deformed pure copper-brass composite wire at 200-500 ℃, keeping the temperature for recrystallization for 0.5-3 h, heating to a specified temperature, lofting, and cooling in air.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1) the method can prepare the soft/hard filamentous pure copper-brass composite wire with the specified size at one time through the steps of sample surface treatment, diffusion pressure welding, deformation and heat treatment;
2) the pure copper-brass composite wire with the soft/hard filamentous structure prepared by the method has high interface proportion and excellent interface bonding property;
3) the invention adopts the rotary forging process to achieve the accurate molding of the material, and the heat treatment process can realize the regulation and control of the soft/hard structure of the pure copper and the brass, and has strong process controllability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing a pure copper-brass heterogeneous composite wire in an example.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional structure of a pure copper-brass composite wire rod having a filament structure according to an example and a metallographic structure at a soft/hard interface after a heat treatment at 300 ℃.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
Example 1
First, the present embodiment adopts the following apparatus: high-temperature diffusion pressure welding equipment, rotary forging and pressing equipment and a heat treatment tube furnace.
The process flow chart of the preparation of the pure copper-brass composite wire rod in the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and the specific operations are as follows:
the thickness of the pure copper and brass plates used in this example was 1mm, and the dimensions were 50X 100mm2The chemical composition (wt.%) of the pure copper used was: 99.94 of Cu, 0.0041 of Zn, 0.0007 of Pb, 0.0005 of Sn, 0.0031 of Fe, 0.0028 of Ni, 0.028 of Si and the balance of inevitable impurities, wherein the chemical components (wt.%) of the brass are as follows: 63.25 Cu36.42 Zn, 0.025 Fe, 0.0005 Pb, 0.002 Sb, 0.0005 Bi, 0.004P and the balance of inevitable impurities.
Selecting 25 pure copper and brass plates, mechanically polishing and cleaning the upper and lower surfaces of the pure copper and brass plates, removing a surface oxide layer to ensure that the surface roughness Ra is less than 1.0 mu m, then putting the pure copper and brass plates into an acetone solution for cleaning for 30min, removing oil stains, and finally air-drying the pure copper and brass plates by cold wind.
Stacking the pure copper and brass plates without the oxide layer and the oil stain in sequence at intervals (50 layers in total) into a hearth of high-temperature diffusion pressure welding equipment protected by argon, applying forward pressure (2MPa) between the pure copper and brass stacked plates, raising the temperature of the system to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 2h, and cooling the system to room temperature along with a furnace and taking out the system.
The obtained multilayer composite material was cut into sheets in the longitudinal direction, the thickness of the sheets was 1mm, and the number of the cut sheets was 40.
And mechanically polishing the surface of the slice to enable the roughness Ra to be less than 1.0 mu m, then putting the slice into an acetone solution for cleaning for 30min, removing oil stains, and finally carrying out cold air drying.
And (3) alternately rotating the processed slices by 180 degrees and 0 degrees respectively, stacking the slices in sequence (40 layers in total), putting the slices into high-temperature diffusion pressure welding equipment under the protection of argon again, applying forward pressure (2MPa), raising the temperature of the system to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 2h, cooling the slices to room temperature along with the furnace, and taking out the slices.
And turning the pure copper-brass composite board subjected to secondary pressure welding to cut a round bar, wherein the length of the round bar is 90mm, the diameter of the round bar is 10mm, and the pure copper-brass copper strips are parallel to the axial direction of the round bar.
And (3) carrying out rotary forging treatment on the pure copper-brass heterogeneous composite round bar at room temperature, wherein the section compression ratio of each pass of rotary forging is 5%, and the total deformation is 80%, so as to obtain the deformed pure copper-brass composite wire.
And (2) annealing the deformed pure copper-brass composite wire at 300 ℃, keeping the annealing and heat preservation time for 2h, heating to a specified temperature for lofting, and cooling in air to room temperature to finally obtain the composite wire with a soft/hard filamentous structure, wherein as shown in figure 2, the upper half part of the figure 2 is a cross-sectional structure diagram of the pure copper-brass composite wire with the filamentous structure, and the lower half part of the figure is a metallographic structure diagram of a soft/hard interface after heat treatment at 300 ℃.
The brass of the filiform pure copper-brass composite wire rod obtained in the embodiment is a hard phase with the hardness of about 185HV, and the pure copper is a soft phase with the hardness of about 85HV, so that the two phases are tightly combined, and have no defects such as cracks, holes and the like. The tensile strength is 460MPa, the elongation at break is 30 percent, and the tensile strength is superior to that of single coarse-grain pure copper (205MPa) and coarse-grain brass (305 MPa).
Example 2
The following equipment is adopted in the embodiment: high-temperature diffusion pressure welding equipment, rotary forging and pressing equipment and a tubular furnace for heat treatment.
The process flow chart of the preparation of the pure copper-brass composite wire with the soft/hard wire-shaped structure in this example is shown in fig. 1, and the specific operations are as follows:
the thickness of the pure copper and brass plates used in this example was 1mm, and the dimensions were 40X 80mm2The chemical composition (wt.%) of the pure copper used was: 99.94 of Cu, 0.0041 of Zn, 0.0007 of Pb, 0.0005 of Sn, 0.0031 of Fe, 0.0028 of Ni, 0.028 of Si and the balance of inevitable impurities, wherein the chemical components (wt.%) of the brass are as follows: 63.25 Cu, 36.42 Zn, 0.025 Fe, 0.0005 Pb, 0.002 Sb, 0.0005 Bi, 0.004P and inevitable impurities in balance. Selecting 20 pieces of pure copper and brass plate, mechanically polishing and cleaning the upper and lower surfaces, removing surface oxide layer to make surface roughness Ra<1.0 μm, then cleaning in acetone solution for 30min, removing oil stain, and air drying with cold air.
And (3) sequentially stacking the pure copper and brass plates without the oxide layer and the oil stain at intervals (40 layers in total) in a hearth of high-temperature diffusion pressure welding equipment protected by argon, applying forward pressure (2MPa) between the pure copper and brass stacked plates, raising the temperature of the system to 900 ℃ at a temperature rise rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 2h, and cooling the system to room temperature along with the furnace and taking out the system.
The obtained multilayer composite was cut in the longitudinal direction, and the thickness of the sheet layer was 1mm and the number of the sheet layers was 30.
And mechanically polishing the surface of the slice to enable the roughness Ra to be less than 1.0 mu m, then putting the slice into an acetone solution for cleaning for 30min, removing oil stains, and finally carrying out cold air drying.
And (3) alternately rotating the processed slices by 180 degrees and 0 degrees, stacking the slices in sequence (30 layers in total), putting the slices into high-temperature diffusion pressure welding equipment under the protection of argon again, applying forward pressure (2MPa), raising the temperature of the system to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min, preserving the temperature for 2h, cooling the slices to room temperature along with the furnace, and taking out the slices.
And turning the pure copper-brass composite board subjected to secondary pressure welding to cut a round bar, wherein the length of the round bar is 70mm, the diameter of the round bar is 10mm, and the pure copper-brass copper strips are parallel to the axial direction of the round bar.
And (3) carrying out rotary forging treatment on the pure copper-brass heterogeneous composite round bar at room temperature, wherein the section compression ratio of each pass of rotary forging is 5%, and the total reduction is 80%, so as to obtain the deformed pure copper-brass composite wire.
And (3) annealing the deformed pure copper-brass composite wire at 350 ℃, keeping the annealing and heat preservation time for 2h, heating to a specified temperature, lofting, and cooling in air to room temperature to finally obtain the heterogeneous composite wire with the soft/hard filamentous structure.
The brass of the pure copper-brass composite wire rod with the soft/hard wire-shaped structure obtained in this example is a hard phase, the hardness of which is about 110HV, and the pure copper is a soft phase, the hardness of which is about 70HV, and the two phases of interfaces are tightly combined without defects such as cracks and holes. The tensile strength is 360MPa, the elongation at break is 50 percent, and the tensile strength is superior to that of single coarse-grain pure copper (205MPa) and coarse-grain brass (305 MPa).
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of a pure copper-brass composite wire with a soft/hard filamentous structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, cutting and surface oxide layer removing treatment of pure copper and brass plates, wherein the pure copper is industrial T2 grade pure copper, and the chemical composition (wt.%) of the pure copper and the brass plates requires: cu + Ag >99.90, the brass is industrial H62 brand brass, and the chemical composition (wt.%) of the brass is required to be: 60.5-63.5 of Cu, less than or equal to 0.15 of Fe, less than or equal to 0.08 of Pb, less than or equal to 0.005 of Sb, less than or equal to 0.002 of Bi, less than or equal to 0.01 of P, and the balance of Zn;
the thickness of the plate is 0.5-3 mm, the surface roughness Ra is less than 1.0 mu m, ultrasonic cleaning is carried out in acetone for 10-30 min, and finally, cold air drying is carried out;
s2, alternately stacking the pure copper and brass plates processed in the step S1 for diffusion pressure welding, wherein the number of the alternately stacked pure copper and brass plates is at least 4 and is even, the forward pressure value of the diffusion pressure welding is 0.5-3 MPa, the temperature is 800-950 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-5 h, the plates are cooled to room temperature along with a furnace and taken out, and argon is adopted for protection in the whole process;
s3, slicing the composite board subjected to diffusion pressure welding in the step S2 along the longitudinal direction, wherein the thickness of the longitudinal slices is 0.5-3 mm, the number of the slices is at least 4 and is an even number of slices, the slices are respectively rotated by 180 degrees and 0 degrees by taking the normal line of the slices as an axis and are alternately stacked, and the slices are respectively rotated by an angle and then subjected to secondary diffusion pressure welding, wherein the processing conditions of the secondary diffusion pressure welding are consistent with those of the step S2;
s4, cutting the composite plate obtained by the secondary pressure welding in the step S3 into a round rod, and carrying out rotary forging treatment, wherein the diameter of the cut round rod is 10-30 mm, the section compression ratio of each pass of the rotary forging is 2-20%, and the total deformation is 60-90%;
and S5, annealing the pure copper-brass composite wire subjected to rotary forging and pressing in the step S4, keeping the temperature for 0.5-3 h at 200-500 ℃, and air-cooling to room temperature to obtain the pure copper-brass composite wire with the soft/hard wire-shaped structure.
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| CN101733978A (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2010-06-16 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Platinum-niobium-copper three-layer metal composite wire and preparation method thereof |
| CN201994084U (en) * | 2011-01-20 | 2011-09-28 | 杭州临安凯美线缆有限公司 | Multi-layer metal alloy wire |
| CN103762009A (en) * | 2014-02-15 | 2014-04-30 | 芜湖鑫力管道技术有限公司 | Composite copper-clad brass wire and production method thereof |
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- 2019-06-21 CN CN201910543315.3A patent/CN110257665B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0679535A (en) * | 1983-01-19 | 1994-03-22 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Composite electrode wire for wire-cut electric discharge machining and its manufacture |
| JPH06226542A (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1994-08-16 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Compound electrode wire for wire cut electric discharge machining |
| CN101725770A (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2010-06-09 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Palladium alloy infusible metal composite pipe and manufacture method thereof |
| CN101733978A (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2010-06-16 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Platinum-niobium-copper three-layer metal composite wire and preparation method thereof |
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