CN110257590A - A kind of refinement high-cleanness, high rare earth electroslag steel inclusion method - Google Patents

A kind of refinement high-cleanness, high rare earth electroslag steel inclusion method Download PDF

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CN110257590A
CN110257590A CN201910656623.7A CN201910656623A CN110257590A CN 110257590 A CN110257590 A CN 110257590A CN 201910656623 A CN201910656623 A CN 201910656623A CN 110257590 A CN110257590 A CN 110257590A
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steel
refining
molten steel
rare earth
consutrode
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CN110257590B (en
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史成斌
徐昊驰
李晶
郑顶立
王昊
耿汝明
张�杰
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
    • C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
    • C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods for refining high-cleanness, high rare earth electroslag steel inclusion, belong to technical field of ferrous metallurgy.This method comprises: the elemental composition according to target steel grade, is placed in just furnace for alloy material and is smelted into molten steel, the molten steel uses the deoxidation of Si-Mn alloy, controls aluminium, calcium and content of magnesium in molten steel；By the molten steel after the deoxidation successively through external refining, obtained consutrode of casting；The obtained consutrode is subjected to electroslag remelting refining, controls newly-generated inclusion size during this.It present invention can be suitably applied to the production of high-cleanness, high electroslag remelting rare earth steel, oxide all in consutrode is mixed in esr process to be all removed, it is mixed in derived from native oxide in consutrode and decomposes the dissolved oxygen of generation in molten steel and can be reacted with Rare-Earth Ce, it is tiny in the newly-generated inclusion size of esr process, solve the problems, such as that inclusion size is big in rare earth Electro Slag Remelting Steel.

Description

A kind of refinement high-cleanness, high rare earth electroslag steel inclusion method
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and in particular to a kind of high-cleanness, high rare earth steel electroslag remelting production process The method of middle control non-metallic inclusion tinyization.
Background technique
Rare earth element commonly used in harmful field trash in the refinement tissue of steel, modified steel, inhibit harmful element segregation in steel, To improve the service performances such as the corrosion resistance, welding performance and anti-fatigue performance of steel.For need to refine by electroslag remelting Steel grade, such as mould steel and high-speed steel, people usually pass through primary carbide in the solidified structure of rare earth treatment refinement steel, steel And nitride, improve toughness, wearability and anti-fatigue performance of steel etc..But rare earth is added in steel and inevitably results from A large amount of re inclusions, such as rare earth oxide is mingled with, rare earth oxide and calcium-aluminate are formed complex inclusion and dilute Native oxysulfide etc..The size of re inclusion in strict control steel is needed in actual production, to reduce its harm to steel.
Rare earth is usually that molten steel is added in induction furnace smelting or ladle refining process in the form of alloy.In rare earth steel Smelting process in, rare earth be added molten steel in after can be modified non-metallic inclusion pre-existing in molten steel (such as calcium-aluminate, Magnesium aluminate spinel, aluminum oxide), also newborn re inclusion can be generated with the dissolution group elementary reaction in molten steel.These contain The field trash of rare earth is easy agglomeration during ladle molten steel flow, while being added the original field trash of molten steel, steel before rare earth The influence of the factors such as liquid oxygen content, slag composition and ladle lining, the bigger (> of size of re inclusion in usual steel 5 microns), and the fusing point of re inclusion is high.These re inclusions are not easily removed in subsequent esr process, most It is retained in Electro Slag Remelting Steel eventually.In steel large-sized re inclusion not only endanger steel processing and service performance (for example, reduce work The impact flexibility and fatigue behaviour of mould steel), and also reduce the ratio that rare earth is dissolved in steel.Therefore, it is necessary to strict controls The size of re inclusion in rare earth steel.
Research and production practices show, consumable big by the size of induction furnace or electric arc furnaces+LF refining steel inclusion Original re inclusion in electrode is not easily removed, and the size of the newly-generated field trash of esr process is usually thin It is small.Therefore, exploring one kind can make in the native oxide entrained components that esr process is completely removed, and smelting Standby consumable electrode process realizes that composition of inclusions is precisely controlled, and is maximized in gas shield esr process by technical measures Molten steel secondary oxidation is reduced, and rare earth alloy is added online, it would be beneficial to the refinement of Yu Shixian high-cleanness, high rare earth steel inclusion.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of method for refining high-cleanness, high rare earth electroslag steel inclusion, it can Suitable for the production of high-cleanness, high electroslag remelting rare earth steel, oxide all in consutrode is made to be mixed in esr process Middle whole is removed, be mixed in derived from native oxide in consutrode the dissolved oxygen of generation is decomposed in molten steel can be anti-with Rare-Earth Ce It answers, it is tiny in the newly-generated inclusion size of esr process, solve the problems, such as that inclusion size is big in rare earth Electro Slag Remelting Steel.
According to the technique and scheme of the present invention, a kind of method refining high-cleanness, high rare earth electroslag steel inclusion is provided, It is characterized in that, which comprises
Step 1: according to the elemental composition of target steel grade, alloy material being placed in just furnace and is smelted into molten steel, the molten steel is adopted With Si-Mn alloy deoxidation, aluminium, calcium and content of magnesium in molten steel are controlled；
Step 2: by the molten steel after the deoxidation successively through external refining, obtained consutrode of casting；
Step 3: the obtained consutrode being subjected to electroslag remelting refining, controls newly-generated field trash during this Size.
Further, in the step 1, alloy material is placed in just furnace and is smelted into molten steel then successively through external refining Cheng Zhong, molten steel use the deoxidation of Si-Mn alloy, molten steel dissolved aluminum mass percentage content≤0.01%, oxygen mass percentage content ≤ 0.008%, calcium mass percentage content≤0.0003%, magnesium mass percentage content≤0.0003%, LF refining slag binary Basicity is 0.8~1.0.
Further, it in the step 1, casts and consumable electrode process is made using whole atmosphere protection casting.
Further, it in the step 2, is added online in electroslag remelting refining process with the dilute of Ce-Fe alloy form Soil.
Further, in the step 2, electroslag remelting refining process carries out under dry argon atmosphere, guarantees that gas is protected Micro-positive pressure in shield.
Further, in the step 2, gas shield esr process carries out slag deoxidation using aluminum shot and silicon calcium powder, Aluminum shot and silicon calcium powder are alternately added in slag, interval are added 2~4 minutes, and aluminum shot additional amount is 0.1~0.3 kilogram of steel per ton, silicon The additional amount of calcium powder is 0.1~0.4 kilogram of steel per ton.
Further, in the step 1, the external refining uses LF refining or LF+VD process route.
Further, in the step 1, the LF refining time is 30-50min, vacuum retention time 10- when VD is vacuum-treated 15min, vacuum degree 60-70Pa.
Further, in the step 1, the LF refining time be 40min, VD be vacuum-treated when vacuum retention time 12min, Vacuum degree 68Pa.
Further, before step 2 electroslag remelting, the oxide iron sheet of consutrode is removed.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention is proposed by using Si-Mn to close in the smelting process for preparing consutrode Golden deoxidation controls aluminium, calcium and content of magnesium in molten steel, makes field trash low melting point in consutrode made from molding casting MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 system field trash.In the consutrode esr process then carried out, all MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 Field trash is removed.Its removal pathway is that a part is absorbed and removed by slag, remaining MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 system is mingled with Object can be decomposed into the dissolution constituent element in molten steel, and it is dilute that the dissolved oxygen in metal drop and molten bath in molten steel reacts generation with Rare-Earth Ce Native oxide is mingled with or rare earth oxysulfide is mingled with.Field trash in final ESR ingot is newly-generated field trash.These are new Raw re inclusion size is very tiny (2 microns of <).
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows the method flow diagram of refinement high-cleanness, high rare earth electroslag steel inclusion according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 shows field trash MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 typical in H13 steel consutrode；
Fig. 3 shows typical field trash Ce2O2S in H13 steel electroslag ingot casting；
Fig. 4 shows in comparative example typical field trash Ce2O2S in H13 steel consutrode；
Fig. 5 shows in comparative example typical field trash Ce2O2S in H13 steel electroslag ingot casting.
Specific embodiment:
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
A kind of method of refinement high-cleanness, high rare earth electroslag steel inclusion of the invention is real by the following technical programs Existing:
Step 1): raw material is sequentially placed into just furnace and is smelted into molten steel then successively through external refining, obtained consumable of casting Electrode；
Step 2): electrode is obtained using step 1) and carries out electroslag remelting refining as consutrode.It, will be from power consumption before electroslag remelting Pole carries out the processing that strips off the skin, and to remove the oxide iron sheet of consutrode, molten steel oxygenation when preventing electroslag remelting generates field trash.
During the just furnace melting+external refining of step 1, molten steel uses the deoxidation of Si-Mn alloy, molten steel dissolved aluminum Content≤0.01%, oxygen content≤0.008%, calcium content≤0.0003%, content of magnesium≤0.0003%, LF refining slag diacidic base Degree is 0.8~1.0, so that the steel inclusion for being used in consutrode is the MnO-SiO of low melting point2-Al2O3It is field trash.Steel Liquid casting prepares consumable electrode process using whole atmosphere protection casting.
In the production of rare earth steel, forbid preparing in consumable electrode process in induction furnace or electric arc furnaces+LF smelting to molten steel Interior addition rare earth.This will be avoided in consutrode that there are re inclusions, especially large scale rare-earth field trash.Rare earth with The form of Ce-Fe alloy is added online in esr process.
It is carried out under dry argon atmosphere when electroslag remelting, guarantees micro-positive pressure in gas shield cover.This will significantly improve electricity The recovery rate of slag reflow process addition rare earth.
Gas shield esr process carries out slag deoxidation using aluminum shot and silicon calcium powder, both deoxidiers are alternately added molten In slag, interval is added 2~4 minutes, aluminum shot additional amount is 0.1~0.3 kilogram of steel per ton, and the additional amount of silicon calcium powder is steel per ton 0.1~0.4 kilogram, with while improving electroslag steel cleanness, also avoiding molten steel oxygen content height leads to re inclusion Assemble and grows up.
External refining uses LF or LF+VD process route.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, this example is protected using induction furnace melting → LF refining → VD refining → atmosphere protection casting → atmosphere It protects electroslag remelting and produces special steel containing rare earth, this example is for producing the H13 mould steel containing Ce.Induction furnace melting → LF refining The consutrode chemical component composition and mass percentage that → VD refining → atmosphere protection is poured are shown in Table 1.
The chemical component (mass%) of 1 consutrode H13 mould steel of table
C Si Mn Cr Mo V Ca Mg Al S O
0.38 0.93 0.3 4.9 1.1 0.9 < 0.0002 0.0002 0.004 0.0029 0.0052
Low aluminium Si-Mn alloy is added portionwise after induction furnace tapping, while refined synthetic slag is added.LF and VD refining process In, LF total refining time is 40min, vacuum retention time 12min, vacuum degree 68Pa when VD is vacuum-treated.In LF refining master Deoxidation, temperature control, composition adjustment are carried out, and the floating removal of molten steel inclusion is promoted by stirring.In consutrode steel Field trash is MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 system field trash, as shown in Figure 2.
Before the electroslag remelting for carrying out consutrode, consutrode is first subjected to the processing that strips off the skin, to remove consutrode Oxide iron sheet.Using gas shield electroslag remelting H13 steel.It is dry to first pass through gas for argon gas in gas shield esr process Drying system and enter gas shield cover, argon flow 50NL/min.Rare earth is in the form of Ce-Fe alloy in esr process It is added online in esr process, ton steel additional amount is 2.2 kilograms.Gas shield esr process uses aluminum shot and silicon Calcium powder carries out slag deoxidation, both deoxidiers are alternately added in slag, interval is added 2~4 minutes, and aluminum shot additional amount is steel per ton 0.15 kilogram, the additional amount of silicon calcium powder is 0.2 kilogram of steel per ton.Electroslag remelting terminates after steel ingot is cooled to room temperature, deviates from steel Ingot, chemical component are as shown in table 2.
The chemical component (mass%) of table 2H13 steel electroslag ingot casting
C Si Mn Cr Mo V Ca Mg Al Ce S O
Embodiment 1 0.38 0.90 0.3 4.9 1.1 0.9 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0.008 0.0018 0.0020 0.0018
Embodiment 2 0.38 0.91 0.3 4.9 1.1 0.9 < 0.0002 < 0.0002 0.009 0.0025 0.0018 0.0016
Field trash in ESR ingot is as shown in Figure 3.Field trash after electroslag in rare earth steel is Ce2O2S, almost all of dilute 2 microns of native inclusion size <.Oxygen and sulfur content significantly reduce in steel after electroslag, and oxygen content is dropped by the 0.0052% of consutrode Down to 0.0018% and 0.0016%, sulfur content is reduced to 0.0020% and 0.0018% by the 0.0029% of consutrode.
For comparative illustration effect of the invention, has chosen H13 steel and Rare-Earth Ce is added in consutrode preparation process, then The comparative experiments that ESR ingot is made in atmosphere protected electro-slag re-melting is carried out, the field trash in the steel of electroslag front and back is analyzed.Before electroslag certainly Field trash in power pole is as shown in figure 4, the field trash in ESR ingot is as shown in Figure 5.Folder before and after electroslag remelting in rare earth steel Sundries is Ce2O2S, and size is substantially at 4~10 microns, and re inclusion has the characteristic that polymerization is grown up.
It is found that using technology of the invention, rare earth steel inclusion is obviously refined for comparative example and comparative example, And the cleanliness of steel is significantly improved.
Embodiments set forth herein just furnace melting is using induction furnace, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that this hair First furnace melting in bright includes but is not limited to induction furnace, can also use electric arc furnaces or converter.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method for refining high-cleanness, high rare earth electroslag steel inclusion, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
Step 1: according to the elemental composition of target steel grade, alloy material being placed in just furnace and is smelted into molten steel, the molten steel uses Si- Mn alloy deoxidation controls aluminium, calcium and content of magnesium in molten steel；
Step 2: by the molten steel after the deoxidation successively through external refining, obtained consutrode of casting；
Step 3: the obtained consutrode being subjected to electroslag remelting refining, controls newly-generated field trash ruler during this It is very little.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein alloy material is placed in just furnace and is smelted into the step 1 Molten steel then successively through external refining during, molten steel use the deoxidation of Si-Mn alloy, molten steel dissolved aluminum mass percentage content≤ 0.01%, oxygen mass percentage content≤0.008%, calcium mass percentage content≤0.0003%, magnesium mass percentage content ≤ 0.0003%, LF refining slag dual alkalinity is 0.8~1.0.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein casting and consumable electrode process use being made in the step 1 Whole atmosphere protection casting.
4. online in electroslag remelting refining process the method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2 It is added with the rare earth of Ce-Fe alloy form.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein electroslag remelting refining process is in dry argon in the step 2 It is carried out under gas atmosphere, guarantees micro-positive pressure in gas shield cover.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, gas shield esr process uses in the step 2 Aluminum shot and silicon calcium powder carry out slag deoxidation, and aluminum shot and silicon calcium powder are alternately added in slag, interval are added 2~4 minutes, aluminum shot additional amount It is 0.1~0.3 kilogram of steel per ton, the additional amount of silicon calcium powder is 0.1~0.4 kilogram of steel per ton.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the external refining using LF refining or LF+VD process route.
8. the method according to the description of claim 7 is characterized in that the LF refining time is 30-50min, VD in the step 1 Vacuum retention time 10-15min when vacuum processing, vacuum degree 60-70Pa.
9. according to the method described in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the LF refining time is 40min, VD vacuum in the step 1 Vacuum retention time 12min when processing, vacuum degree 68Pa.
10. the method according to claim 1, wherein removing consutrode before step 2 electroslag remelting Oxide iron sheet.
CN201910656623.7A 2019-07-19 2019-07-19 Method for refining inclusions in high-cleanliness rare earth electroslag steel Active CN110257590B (en)

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Cited By (2)

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CN112981128A (en) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-18 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 Smelting method of electrode bar base material for non-protective atmosphere electroslag remelting H13 steel
CN114045402A (en) * 2021-11-16 2022-02-15 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 Electroslag remelting slag system of fluorine-containing calcium carbonate rare earth concentrate

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112981128A (en) * 2021-02-07 2021-06-18 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 Smelting method of electrode bar base material for non-protective atmosphere electroslag remelting H13 steel
CN112981128B (en) * 2021-02-07 2022-03-22 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 Smelting method of electrode bar base material for non-protective atmosphere electroslag remelting H13 steel
CN114045402A (en) * 2021-11-16 2022-02-15 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 Electroslag remelting slag system of fluorine-containing calcium carbonate rare earth concentrate

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