CN110257092A - 太阳能农作物秆茎碳化装置 - Google Patents

太阳能农作物秆茎碳化装置 Download PDF

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CN110257092A
CN110257092A CN201910494936.7A CN201910494936A CN110257092A CN 110257092 A CN110257092 A CN 110257092A CN 201910494936 A CN201910494936 A CN 201910494936A CN 110257092 A CN110257092 A CN 110257092A
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crops stalk
stalk stem
carbonizing
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邹本雪
高友
安生立
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Eastern Liaoning University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • C10L5/447—Carbonized vegetable substances, e.g. charcoal, or produced by hydrothermal carbonization of biomass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/02—Combustion or pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/30—Pressing, compressing or compacting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/32—Molding or moulds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Abstract

一种太阳能农作物秆茎碳化装置，其特征是利用多个凹面反射镜反射太阳光，聚焦于焦点处的可开启闭合碳化室上，碳化室安装有排气安全阀；焦点处的高温对放入碳化室中的农作物秆茎进行绝氧加热，完成农作物秆茎的碳化工作；定日控制装置完成凹面反射镜对太阳的自动跟踪；圆形多个碳化室使碳化和装卸农作物秆茎互不影响；太阳能电池提供的电力可以将碳化后的农作物秆茎粉碎压缩制成型碳。本发明可以增加农民收入；减少煤炭的使用；减少空气污染；节省贮存空间；提高能源运输效率；降低焚烧秸秆的发生率，充分利用生物质能源等诸多好处。

Description

太阳能农作物秆茎碳化装置
技术领域
本发明属于一种环保和生物质能源再经济利用的装置，使用多个凹面反射镜反射太阳光，在野外完成农作物秆茎碳化并碎压缩制成型碳。
背景技术
目前太阳能在农村的利用大多局限在烧开水做饭等领域。科技含量高一点的有太阳能路灯、太阳能发电及太阳能热水器等。
随着我国农村能源结构调整，大量的农作物秆茎被废弃，甚至在农忙时被大量焚烧不但污染环境，也浪费大量优质可再生能源。目前有一种叫生物质颗粒燃料是利用粉碎造粒机对农作物秆茎的糊化压缩成型，来完成对农作物秆茎的环保利用。这种设备加工出来的生物质颗粒燃料至少需要50kw/t的能耗，经济效益并不好。且大多数情况下农作物秆茎都是堆放在广阔田野中，那里没有电力可供使用；如果将农作物秆茎运输到固定地点还涉及运输成本和劳动力成本；如果使用矿物能源（如柴、汽油机等）进行碳化投入又很大，没有二次利用的必要。
发明内容
一种太阳能农作物秆茎碳化装置，设有多个凹面反射镜反射阳光，聚焦于焦点处。焦点处放有可开启碳化室容器，将农作物秆茎放进碳化室容器中，然后密闭碳化室容器，焦点处的高温对放入碳化室中的农作物秆茎进行绝氧加热，完成农作物秆茎的碳化工作。太阳能农作物秆茎碳化装置除了利用太阳光，不需要其它辅助动力和能源输入。凹面反射镜可以通过手动完成对太阳的跟踪，可最大效率利用太阳能。在碳化室容器的上方安装有排气安全阀，当碳化时产生的水汽、二氧化碳及一氧化碳等气体压力高于排气安全阀的阈值时，排气安全阀自动打开放气，防止碳化室容器压力过高发生爆炸。多个碳化室容器被安放在圆形的可旋转升降支架上，在碳化的同时，处于非焦点处的碳化室可以分别进行放入农作物秆茎及倒出碳化后的农作物秆茎作业。
本发明也可以利用太阳能电池提供的电力来完成凹面反射镜自动跟踪定日，还可以将碳化后的农作物秆茎粉碎压缩制成型碳。
本发明的优点：本发明很好的解决了背景技术中的诸多不足。装置基本不需要额外能源供给，只要是春夏秋季节有太阳时，利用太阳能在田间地头就可以完成农作物秆茎的碳化作业。太阳能农作物秆茎碳化装置在碳化农作物秆茎时不需要购买电力或矿物能源，以最低投入完成对农作物秆茎的再加工。本发明可以增加农民收入；减少煤炭的使用；减少空气污染；节省贮存空间；提高能源运输效率；降低焚烧秸秆的发生率，充分利用生物质能源等诸多好处。
附图说明
图1为本发明太阳能碳化部分结构示意图。
图2为本发明碳化室容器与排气安全阀部分结构示意图。
图3为本发明粉碎压缩型碳部分结构示意图。
具体实施方式
太阳能农作物秆茎碳化装置包括多个凹面反射镜及凹面反射镜支撑控制部件，凹面反射镜固定构件，多个碳化室容器，排气安全阀，碳化室容器支撑控制部件，碳化室容器固定构件，太阳能发电和定日控制装置，物料贮存箱，粉碎成型机，联轴器和低压直流电机组成。
在图1所示实施例中，其特征是：凹面反射镜1固定在凹面反射镜固定构件3上，凹面反射镜固定构件3固定于凹面反射镜支撑控制部件2，凹面反射镜支撑控制部件2是可以通过手动或电机来完成转动动作；凹面反射镜支撑控制部件2通过电缆13连接于太阳能发电和定日控制装置7，太阳能发电和定日控制装置7通过传感器检测太阳光强度来完成对太阳的跟踪。碳化室容器4固定于碳化室容器固定构件6上，碳化室容器固定构件6固定于碳化室容器支撑控制部件5，碳化室容器支撑控制部件5是可以通过手动或电机来完成转动动作的；碳化室容器支撑控制部件5过电缆13连接于太阳能发电和定日控制装置7处；太阳能发电和定日控制装置7可以控制碳化室容器固定构件6转盘上碳化室容器4中的一个始终处于凹面反射镜1的焦点处，完成农作物秆茎碳化。太阳能发电和定日控制装置7可以使本装置处于自动工作状态，装料卸料除外。也可以不安装太阳能发电和定日控制装置7，本装置可以在手动情况下工作。详见图1。
在图2所示实施例中，其特征是：在碳化室容器4的上方安装有排气安全阀14。详见图2。
在图3所示实施例中，其特征是：碳化后的农作物秆茎放进被物料贮存箱8，物料贮存箱8通过管道接于粉碎成型机9的入口，粉碎成型机9通过联轴器11和低压直流电机12连接。成型木炭出口10接于粉碎成型机9。低压直流电机12的供电电缆13连接到太阳能发电和定日控制装置7处。详见图3。

Claims (4)

1.一种太阳能农作物秆茎碳化装置，利用凹面反射镜反射太阳光，聚焦于焦点处的碳化室，在碳化室内完成对农作物秆茎的碳化。
2.可开启和密闭的碳化室，同时在碳化室上方装有排气安全阀。
3.碳化室被安放在圆形的可旋转和升降的支架上，在碳化的同时，非焦点处的碳化室可以放入农作物秆茎或倒出碳化的农作物秆茎作业，二者互不影响。
4.利用太阳能电池提供的电力可以将碳化后的农作物秆茎粉碎压缩制成型碳。
CN201910494936.7A 2019-06-10 2019-06-10 太阳能农作物秆茎碳化装置 Pending CN110257092A (zh)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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