CN109209530A - 一种模块化移动式的分布式多能互补的生物质发电系统 - Google Patents

一种模块化移动式的分布式多能互补的生物质发电系统 Download PDF

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CN109209530A
CN109209530A CN201811015626.4A CN201811015626A CN109209530A CN 109209530 A CN109209530 A CN 109209530A CN 201811015626 A CN201811015626 A CN 201811015626A CN 109209530 A CN109209530 A CN 109209530A
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biomass
agricultural
power generation
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generator
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张全生
闵凡奇
党国举
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Shanghai Institute of Technology
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种模块化移动式的分布式多能互补的生物质发电系统，包括生物质发电系统、太阳能集热系统、光伏发电系统、风力发电系统、备用储能系统，农林生物质废弃物、农林生物质废弃物加工车间、农林生物质成型燃料、生物质发电系统、太阳能集热系统各占一个集装箱，风力发电系统和备用储能系统位于一个集装箱中，蒸汽发生器、蒸汽轮机、发电机和逆变器位于一个集装箱中，太阳能集热系统与蒸汽发生器连接，蒸汽发生器、生物质发电系统均与蒸汽轮机、发电机、逆变器相连，光伏发电系统、风力发电系统均与备用储能系统、逆变器相连；本发明解决了农村或偏远地区的农林废弃物处理问题，使得农林生物质废弃物的就近消纳，降低了发电成本。

Description

一种模块化移动式的分布式多能互补的生物质发电系统
[技术领域]
本发明涉及生物质资源利用领域，具体地说是一种模块化移动式的分布式多能互补的生物质发电系统。
[背景技术]
农林生物质发电所用燃料主要是农作物秸秆及农林业生产、加工产生的剩余物。由于地理环境的多样性，使不同地区的植物都有其特殊的环境适应性，这给生物质燃料供给提供了广阔前景。根据当地的气候和环境，包括多年生草类等有利于生态和环保的植物应被充分利用，使其成为生物质燃料的后备军。
在目前的国家政策和环保标准中，直接燃烧生物质属于高污染燃料，只在农村被广泛使用，不允许在城市中使用。生物质燃料的应用，实际主要是生物质成型燃料(BiomassMouldingFuel，简称"BMF")，是一种可直接燃烧的新型清洁燃料。更为重要的是，农林生物质发电正全面转向热电联产分布式能源电站，一个电厂可以带动一个产业园区或小城镇，成为资源节约型、环境友好型社会建设的重要引擎。
[发明内容]
本发明的目的就是要解决上述的不足而提供一种模块化移动式的分布式多能互补的生物质发电系统，能够达到设备快速安装、快速生产、快速运营的目的，解决了农村或偏远地区的农林废弃物处理问题，使得农林生物质废弃物的就近消纳，同时降低了发电成本。
为实现上述目的设计一种模块化移动式的分布式多能互补的生物质发电系统，包括生物质发电系统、太阳能集热系统、光伏发电系统、风力发电系统、备用储能系统、蒸汽轮机、蒸汽发生器、发电机、逆变器及传统电网，所述生物质发电系统是以农林生物质成型燃料为燃料的发电系统，所述农林生物质成型燃料由农林生物质废弃物在农林生物质废弃物加工车间加工制成，所述农林生物质废弃物位于第一个集装箱中，所述农林生物质废弃物加工车间位于第二个集装箱中，所述农林生物质成型燃料位于地第三个集装箱中，所述生物质发电系统、太阳能集热系统分别位于第四、五个集装箱中，所述风力发电系统和备用储能系统均位于第六个集装箱中，所述蒸汽发生器、蒸汽轮机、发电机和逆变器均位于第七个集装箱中，所述光伏发电系统的太阳能板位于任意四个集装箱顶部，所述光伏发电系统的其余附件位于风力发电系统和备用储能系统所在的集装箱中，其中，所述太阳能集热系统与蒸汽发生器相连，所述生物质发电系统、蒸汽发生器的输出端均连接蒸汽轮机的输入端，所述蒸汽轮机的输出端连接发电机的输入端，所述发电机的输出端与逆变器相连；所述光伏发电系统、风力发电系统的输出端均连接备用储能系统的输入端，所述备用储能系统的输出端与逆变器相连；所述传统电网与逆变器相连，所述逆变器连接用户端。
进一步地，所述太阳能集热系统包括凸镜集热端、热蓄保温箱、储热水箱，所述凸镜集热端与热蓄保温箱相连，所述热蓄保温箱的进水端连接储热水箱的出水端，所述热蓄保温箱的出水端连接蒸汽发生器，所述凸镜集热端加热热蓄保温箱中的来自储热水箱中的水，并输送至蒸汽发生器。
进一步地，所述农林生物质废弃物包括农作物秸秆、花生壳、油菜壳、棉籽壳、木屑、杂草，所述农作物秸秆包括稻草、小麦、玉米、花生、豆类的秸秆。
进一步地，所述农林生物质成型燃料的加工工艺包括以下步骤：将农林生物质废弃物经机械收集、机械打捆、机械翻晒后，储存于集装箱仓库中，然后粉碎至50mm以下且含水率低于25％的农林生物质废弃物，混合，烘干，挤压成型为含水率低于15％的棒状或者颗粒状农林生物质成型燃料，最后将所得的农林生物质成型燃料储存于集装箱仓库中。
本发明还提供了一种模块化移动式的分布式多能互补的生物质发电系统的发电方法，该方法中，所述生物质发电系统以农林生物质成型燃料为燃料加热锅炉中水，将蒸汽输送到蒸汽轮机带动发电机发电，将所产生的电通过逆变器传输给用户；所述太阳能集热系统在光照充足时，利用凸镜集热端加热热蓄保温箱中的来自储热水箱中的水，并输送至蒸汽发生器，将蒸汽输送到蒸汽轮机带动发电机发电，将所产生的电通过逆变器传输给用户；所述光伏发电系统在光照充足时，将产生的电力输送到备用储能系统中备用；所述风力发电系统在风力较好时，将产生的电力输送到备用储能系统中备用；发电时，当生物质发电系统的发电量满足用户需求时，根据电量需求使用生物质发电系统产生相应的电量即可；当生物质发电系统的发电量满足不了用户需求时，同时开启生物质发电系统和太阳能集热系统；当生物质发电系统和太阳能集热系统的发电量满足不了用户需求时，备用储能系统将电力通过逆变器传输给用户；当生物质发电系统、太阳能集热系统、备用储能系统产生的电力满足不了用户需求时，将逆变器连接传统电网。
本发明同现有技术相比，具有如下优点：
(1)本发明以集装箱形式与设备整体安装，以降低土建费用，形成简约型集成模块化移动式发电系统，从而达到设备能够快速安装、快速生产、快速运营的目的，能够解决农林生物质废弃物的就近消纳，降低发电成本，并满足消防、安全、环境保护、劳动卫生等国家标准或行业标准的要求，符合国家的产业政策；
(2)本发明解决了区域性小范围的农林生物质废弃物处理难的问题，且具有投资少，运行稳定、效益高等特点；
(3)本发明压块成型后的颗粒比重大、体积小，便于储存和运输，同时，压块成型后的农林生物质成型燃料是高挥发份的优质固体燃料，是一种可直接燃烧的新型清洁燃料，具有易燃、灰分少、成本低等特点；
(4)本发明能够实现生物质发电的功能，具有燃料适用范围广、自动化程度高、节能显著、结构合理、操作简便等诸多优势。
[附图说明]
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是本发明中农林生物质成型燃料的制备工艺流程图。
[具体实施方式]
本发明提供了一种模块化移动式的分布式多能互补的生物质发电系统，本系统包括生物质发电系统、太阳能集热系统、光伏发电系统、风力发电系统、备用储能系统、蒸汽轮机、蒸汽发生器、发电机、逆变器及传统电网等。本分布式多能互补的生物质发电系统主要设置于七个集装箱中：农林生物质废弃物位于一个集装箱中，农林生物质废弃物加工车间位于一个集装箱中，农林生物质成型燃料位于一个集装箱中，生物质发电系统和太阳能集热系统各占一个集装箱，风力发电系统和备用储能系统位于同一个集装箱中，蒸汽发生器、蒸汽轮机、发电机和逆变器等位于同一个集装箱中；光伏发电系统的太阳能板位于四个集装箱顶部，其余附件位于风力发电系统和备用储能系统所在的集装箱中。其中，生物质发电系统与蒸汽轮机、发电机、逆变器相连；太阳能集热系统与蒸汽发生器、蒸汽轮机、发电机、逆变器相连；光伏发电系统与备用储能系统、逆变器相连；风力发电系统与备用储能系统、逆变器相连；传统电网与逆变器相连，逆变器连接用户端。
本发明中，生物质发电系统主要是以农林生物质成型燃料为燃料的发电系统，农林生物质成型燃料由农林生物质废弃物加工制成。农林生物质成型燃料的加工工艺如下：农林生物质废弃物→机械收集→机械打捆→机械翻晒→储存于集装箱仓库中→粉碎至50mm以下且含水率低于25％的农林生物质废弃物→混合→烘干→挤压成型为含水率低于15％的棒状或者颗粒状农林生物质成型燃料→储存于集装箱仓库中。农林生物质废弃物包括稻草、小麦、玉米、花生、豆类等的秸秆、花生壳、油菜壳、棉籽壳、木屑、杂草等。
本发明以集装箱形式与设备整体安装，形成简约型集成模块化移动式发电系统，从而达到设备能够快速安装、快速生产、快速运营的目的，能够解决农林生物质废弃物的就近消纳，降低发电成本，并满足消防、安全、环境保护、劳动卫生等国家标准或行业标准的要求，符合国家的产业政策。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作以下进一步说明：
实施例
本发明所述的分布式多能互补的生物质发电系统的工作原理如下：
以农林生物质成型燃料为燃料加热锅炉中水，将蒸汽输送到蒸汽轮机带动发电机发电，将所产生的电通过逆变器传输给用户。
同时，当光照充足时，太阳能集热系统是利用凸镜集热端加热储热保温箱中的来自储热水箱中的水，并输送至蒸汽发生器，将蒸汽输送到蒸汽轮机带动发电机发电，将所产生的电通过逆变器传输给用户。
当光照充足时，光伏发电系统起作用，将产生的电力输送到储能系统中备用；当风力较好时，风力发电系统起作用，将产生的电力输送到储能系统中备用。
当生物质发电系统的发电量满足用户需求时，只需要根据电量需求使用生物质发电系统产生相应的电量即可；
当生物质发电系统的发电量满足不了用户需求时，同时开启生物质发电系统和太阳能集热系统；
当生物质发电系统和太阳能集热系统的发电量满足不了用户需求时，备用的储能系统将电力通过逆变器传输给用户。
当生物质发电系统和太阳能集热系统、备用储能系统产生的电力满足不了用户需求时，连接传统电网。
本发明并不受上述实施方式的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种模块化移动式的分布式多能互补的生物质发电系统，其特征在于：包括生物质发电系统、太阳能集热系统、光伏发电系统、风力发电系统、备用储能系统、蒸汽轮机、蒸汽发生器、发电机、逆变器及传统电网，所述生物质发电系统是以农林生物质成型燃料为燃料的发电系统，所述农林生物质成型燃料由农林生物质废弃物在农林生物质废弃物加工车间加工制成，所述农林生物质废弃物位于第一个集装箱中，所述农林生物质废弃物加工车间位于第二个集装箱中，所述农林生物质成型燃料位于地第三个集装箱中，所述生物质发电系统、太阳能集热系统分别位于第四、五个集装箱中，所述风力发电系统和备用储能系统均位于第六个集装箱中，所述蒸汽发生器、蒸汽轮机、发电机和逆变器均位于第七个集装箱中，所述光伏发电系统的太阳能板位于任意四个集装箱顶部，所述光伏发电系统的其余附件位于风力发电系统和备用储能系统所在的集装箱中，其中，
所述太阳能集热系统与蒸汽发生器相连，所述生物质发电系统、蒸汽发生器的输出端均连接蒸汽轮机的输入端，所述蒸汽轮机的输出端连接发电机的输入端，所述发电机的输出端与逆变器相连；
所述光伏发电系统、风力发电系统的输出端均连接备用储能系统的输入端，所述备用储能系统的输出端与逆变器相连；
所述传统电网与逆变器相连，所述逆变器连接用户端。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：所述太阳能集热系统包括凸镜集热端、热蓄保温箱、储热水箱，所述凸镜集热端与热蓄保温箱相连，所述热蓄保温箱的进水端连接储热水箱的出水端，所述热蓄保温箱的出水端连接蒸汽发生器，所述凸镜集热端加热热蓄保温箱中的来自储热水箱中的水，并输送至蒸汽发生器。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：所述农林生物质废弃物包括农作物秸秆、花生壳、油菜壳、棉籽壳、木屑、杂草，所述农作物秸秆包括稻草、小麦、玉米、花生、豆类的秸秆。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于：所述农林生物质成型燃料的加工工艺包括以下步骤：将农林生物质废弃物经机械收集、机械打捆、机械翻晒后，储存于集装箱仓库中，然后粉碎至50mm以下且含水率低于25％的农林生物质废弃物，混合，烘干，挤压成型为含水率低于15％的棒状或者颗粒状农林生物质成型燃料，最后将所得的农林生物质成型燃料储存于集装箱仓库中。
5.一种如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的模块化移动式的分布式多能互补的生物质发电系统的发电方法，其特征在于：
所述生物质发电系统以农林生物质成型燃料为燃料加热锅炉中水，将蒸汽输送到蒸汽轮机带动发电机发电，将所产生的电通过逆变器传输给用户；
所述太阳能集热系统在光照充足时，利用凸镜集热端加热热蓄保温箱中的来自储热水箱中的水，并输送至蒸汽发生器，将蒸汽输送到蒸汽轮机带动发电机发电，将所产生的电通过逆变器传输给用户；
所述光伏发电系统在光照充足时，将产生的电力输送到备用储能系统中备用；
所述风力发电系统在风力较好时，将产生的电力输送到备用储能系统中备用；
当生物质发电系统的发电量满足用户需求时，根据电量需求使用生物质发电系统产生相应的电量即可；
当生物质发电系统的发电量满足不了用户需求时，同时开启生物质发电系统和太阳能集热系统；
当生物质发电系统和太阳能集热系统的发电量满足不了用户需求时，备用储能系统将电力通过逆变器传输给用户；
当生物质发电系统、太阳能集热系统、备用储能系统产生的电力满足不了用户需求时，将逆变器连接传统电网。
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