CN110254174B - Electric automobile thermal management system based on information fusion - Google Patents
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- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electric automobile heat management system based on information fusion, which comprises an evaluation index system, a system heat production model, a sensor module, an information fusion platform and an electronic control system, wherein the evaluation index system comprises a plurality of evaluation index systems; the evaluation index system comprises a endurance mileage model, a power model and an energy consumption parameter model; the system heat production model calculates the heat production quantity of the heat production part of the electric automobile in real time; the sensor module comprises a temperature sensor, a current sensor, a voltage sensor and the like; the information fusion platform interactively compares data in an evaluation index system, a system heat production model and the sensor module, and fuses and extracts data monitored by the sensor module; the electronic control system calculates the regulation and control parameters of the optimal working temperature of the motor and the battery and sends control signals to a controller in the air conditioning system. The invention realizes the comprehensive real-time regulation and control of the temperature of the power battery, the motor and the environment in the automobile, fully utilizes energy sources, and simultaneously ensures the driving mileage, the dynamic property and the economical efficiency of the electric automobile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automobile thermal management systems, in particular to an electric automobile thermal management system based on information fusion.
Background
With the rapid development and popularization of electric automobiles, safety accidents of the electric automobiles are frequent, a question about the safety of the electric automobiles is raised by a plurality of accidents, even explosion accidents, and a new subject and challenge are provided for the research and development of a thermal management system of the electric automobiles. At present, the developed countries of the global automobile industry pay considerable attention to the research on the thermal management technology of the electric automobile, and the thermal management technology is taken as one of the main research contents of the automobile development research plan.
The research object of the thermal management system of the electric automobile generally mainly comprises three parts: the method comprises the following steps of in-vehicle environment heat management, driving motor heat management and power battery heat management. Like traditional cars, electric cars need to meet the requirement of passengers on the comfort level of the environment in the car, namely, the electric cars are provided with a better heat management system for the environment in the car, and are used for cooling in summer and heating in winter. The driving motor is used as an energy conversion unit of the pure electric car, and a battery is used as a power source to convert electric energy into mechanical energy so as to drive wheels. Because heat generated by mechanical loss, friction loss and the like is inevitably generated in the energy conversion process, if the heat is not dissipated in time, the thermal fatigue of the motor is aggravated, and the service performance of the motor is reduced. Batteries are the core components of electric vehicles, and their electrochemical performance of operation is closely related to their temperature. Without effective power cell thermal management, the increase in temperature accelerates the chemical reaction rate and the process of aging degradation, and can even lead to catastrophic failure; similarly, if the temperature is too low, the energy density and capacity of the battery may be significantly reduced, and thus strict thermal management of the battery for a vehicle is required. At present, power batteries and motors of most of the existing electric automobiles at home and abroad and an in-automobile environment heat management system are relatively independent and are not effectively integrated and managed, so that the overall heat management effect is poor, the energy consumption is high, and the endurance mileage and the performance of the whole automobile are seriously influenced.
In recent years, a new energy automobile has a certain research result on integrated finished automobile heat management, for example, the invention patent CN108357327A discloses a finished pure electric automobile heat management system, which intelligently controls each circulation loop of the heat management system, thereby ensuring that an electric driver, a battery and the like all work in a proper temperature range. Similar to patent CN201611262189 (a multifunctional integrated thermal management system for a whole pure electric vehicle), multiple thermal functions of winter heat supply, summer refrigeration, power battery cooling and thermal management, power motor cooling and the like of the electric vehicle can be realized. The main research object of the research is to control each loop of the thermal management system, the collection and the processing of information data are not involved, only the driving motor, the battery and the like are considered to work in a proper temperature range, and the driving mileage, the dynamic property and the economical efficiency of the whole vehicle are not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an electric vehicle thermal management system and method based on information fusion.
The invention is realized by at least one of the following technical schemes.
An electric automobile heat management system based on information fusion comprises an evaluation index system, a system heat generation model, a sensor module, an information fusion platform and an electronic control system;
the evaluation index system comprises a endurance mileage model, a power model and an energy consumption parameter model, and is used for comprehensively analyzing the endurance mileage, the dynamic property and the economic property of the electric automobile;
the system heat production model comprises a motor heat production model, a battery heat production model and an air-conditioning system heat production model; according to real-time data monitored by the sensor module, respectively calculating the heat production quantity of heat production parts of the electric automobile in real time through a motor, a battery and a heat production model of an air-conditioning system in a system heat production model;
the sensor module comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, a current sensor and a voltage sensor, wherein the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are arranged in the motor, the battery, the air conditioning system and the environment in the vehicle and are used for detecting the working temperature and humidity of the motor, the battery and the components of the air conditioning system and the temperature and humidity of the environment in the vehicle in real time; the pressure sensor is arranged in the environment in the vehicle and used for monitoring the air pressure in the cab; the current sensor and the voltage sensor are arranged at the current and voltage input and output positions of the motor, the battery and the air-conditioning system component;
the information fusion platform interactively compares the analysis result of the evaluation index system, the calculation result of the system heat generation model and the data in the sensor module, and fuses and extracts the data monitored by the sensor module by using a Kalman filtering method;
the electronic control system is combined with data extracted from the information fusion platform and is compared with the optimal working temperature of the motor and the battery recorded by the electronic control system, under the condition that the temperature and the speed of a vehicle user in the vehicle are met, the optimal working temperature regulation and control parameters of the motor and the battery are calculated by utilizing an evaluation index system and a system heat production model, and control signals are sent to controllers in a refrigerating system and a heating system in an air conditioning system through an expert system and a fuzzy logic control theory in an intelligent decision system.
Further, the driving range model is used for calculating the driving range, and the model is as follows:
S＝3600uWη/P
wherein P is the output power of the motor and the unit is W; m is the total vehicle mass in mg; g is gravity acceleration, and is 9.8m/s 2 ；C D Is the air resistance coefficient; a is the windward area, and the unit is m 2 (ii) a r is the rolling radius in m; u is the vehicle speed and the unit is m/s; eta r Is a driveline ratio; i is the driveline speed ratio; f is the rolling resistance coefficient ratio; s is endurance mileage, and the unit is m; eta is the motor efficiency; w is the battery charge and has the unit of W.h.
Further, the power model is the effective power output by the power battery:
wherein, P e For the effective power output of the battery, U is the battery terminal voltage, I is the battery terminal current, eta total For the total efficiency of the battery, m is the total vehicle mass, α is the angle of the gradient, u is the vehicle speed, C D Is the coefficient of air resistance, A is the frontal area, F f As rolling resistance, F w As air resistance, F i As slope resistance, F j For acceleration resistance, a is the vehicle acceleration.
Further, the energy consumption parameter model mainly includes one hundred kilometers of power consumption:
wherein E is the power consumption of hundreds kilometers and P e Is battery power, in units of W; m the mass of the whole vehicle, the unit is mg; u is the vehicle speed in m/s.
Further, the battery heat production model mainly adopts a Bernardi battery heat production rate model:
in the formula, q is the heat production rate of the battery, i is the charging current, and a negative value is taken during discharging; u is the terminal voltage of the battery monomer; u shape 0 Is the battery electromotive force, numerically equal to the open circuit voltage; t is the average temperature of the battery.
Further, when the motor works, the heat generated in the motor mainly comes from the heat generated by the winding, and the heat generated by the winding Q is as follows:
Q＝∫I 2 rdt
in the formula, I is winding phase current, r is winding phase resistance, and t is motor working time.
Further, the air conditioning system heat production model mainly comprises a heat production model of a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a heat exchanger, an air conditioning heating core and a PTC auxiliary heater, and specifically, the air conditioning system heat production model mainly comprises the heat production model of the following components:
the refrigerating capacity of the compressor is as follows:
wherein q is 0 The unit is refrigerating capacity, and the unit is kJ/kg; n is the rotating speed of the compressor and the unit is r/min; lambda is the gas transmission coefficient; v. of 1 Is the specific volume of air intake in m 3 /kg；V h Is the compressor displacement in mL/r.
Heat balance equation and heat transfer equation for condenser:
Q K ＝3600Vρc(t 0 -t i )
Q K ＝KFΔt m
wherein V is the volume fluid of the cooling medium and has a unit of m 3 H; rho is the density of the cooling medium and has the unit of kg/m 3 (ii) a c is the constant-pressure specific heat of the cooling medium, and the unit is kJ/(kg. K); t is t 0 And t i The temperatures of the cooling medium inlet and outlet are respectively, and the unit is K; k is the heat transfer coefficient of the condenser and has the unit of W/(m) 2 K); f is the heat transfer area of the condenser, and the unit is m 2 ；Δt m Is the average logarithmic heat transfer temperature difference in units of K.
In the evaporator heat transfer model, the evaporation heat transfer equation of the refrigerant side is as follows:
Q 0 ＝α i F i (t i -t 0 )
in the formula, alpha i Is the heat exchange coefficient of the refrigerant in the evaporator tube during evaporation, and has the unit of W/(m) 2 ·K)；F i Is the total heat transfer area in m 2 ；t 0 And t i Inlet and outlet media temperatures, respectively, are in K. The flow heat transfer equation on the air side is:
Q 1 ＝G a (h ai -h a0 )＝ξα 0 F 0 (t ai -t a0 )
in the formula, xi is a moisture analysis coefficient; alpha is alpha 0 Is the sensible heat exchange coefficient of the air side and has the unit of W/(m) 2 ·K)；F 0 Is the effective area of heat transfer, and has unit of m 2 ；t ai Is the average temperature on the air side, in units of K; t is t a0 To evaporateThe average temperature in the tube is given in K.
The heat transfer equation for a heat exchanger is:
Q k ＝kFθ m
wherein k is the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger and has the unit of W/(m) 2 K); f is the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger, and the unit is m 2 ；θ m Is the log mean temperature difference in K.
The heat production model of the air conditioner heating core and the PTC auxiliary heater is as follows:
wherein, P is heating power; u is the actual working voltage during heating, and the unit is V; r is heating resistance with the unit of omega;
dissipation factor, in W/deg.C; t is the temperature of the heating core or PTC; t is 0 Is ambient temperature.
Further, the refrigeration system comprises a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator and the like; the heating system comprises a heat exchanger, an air conditioner heating core, a PTC auxiliary heater and the like.
The invention has the advantages of unified integrated management of heat of each part of the electric automobile in real time and in a multi-information fusion way, and the economy, the dynamic property, the comfort and the safety of the electric automobile are ensured to the maximum extent.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an information collection and information fusion process of the information fusion platform according to the embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electronic control system control process;
fig. 3 is a block diagram of the overall structure of an electric vehicle thermal management system based on information fusion according to this embodiment;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electric vehicle thermal management system based on information fusion according to this embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described further with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to represent the only embodiments of the invention.
An electric vehicle thermal management system based on information fusion as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3 includes: the system comprises an evaluation index system, a system heat production model, a sensor module and an electronic control system;
the evaluation index system comprises a endurance mileage model, a power model and an energy consumption parameter model. Wherein, the endurance mileage model is used for analyzing the endurance mileage, and the formula is as follows:
S＝3600uWη/P
wherein, P is the output power of the motor and the unit is W; m is the total vehicle mass in mg; g is gravity acceleration, and is 9.8m/s 2 ；C D Is the air resistance coefficient; a is the frontal area in m 2 (ii) a r is the rolling radius in m; u is the vehicle speed, and the unit is m/s; eta r Is a driveline ratio; i is the driveline speed ratio; f is the rolling resistance coefficient ratio; s is endurance mileage, and the unit is m; eta is the motor efficiency; w is the battery charge and has the unit of W.h.
The main power source of the electric automobile is a power battery, and a power model is the effective power output by the power battery:
wherein, P e For the effective power output of the battery, U is the battery terminal voltage, I is the battery terminal current, eta total For the total efficiency of the battery, m is the total vehicle mass, α is the angle of the gradient, u is the vehicle speed, C D Is the coefficient of air resistance, A is the frontal area, F f To rolling resistance, F w As air resistance, F i As slope resistance, F j For acceleration resistance, a is the overall vehicle acceleration.
The energy consumption parameter model mainly comprises the following power consumption of hundred kilometers:
wherein E is the power consumption per hundred kilometers, P e Is battery power, in units of W; m the mass of the whole vehicle, the unit is mg; u is the vehicle speed in m/s.
The sensor module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, a current sensor, and a voltage sensor.
The system heat production model comprises a battery heat production model, a motor heat production model and an air-conditioning system heat production model. The battery heat production model mainly adopts a Bernardi battery heat production rate model:
in the formula, q is the heat production rate of the battery, i is the charging current, and a negative value is taken during discharging; u is the terminal voltage of the battery monomer; u shape 0 Is the battery electromotive force, numerically equal to the open circuit voltage; t is the average temperature of the battery.
When the motor works, the heat generated inside is mainly generated by the winding, and the heat generated by the winding is as follows:
Q＝∫I 2 rdt
in the formula, I is winding phase current, r is winding phase resistance, and t is motor working time.
The air conditioning system mainly generates heat and transfers parts to be the compressor, the condenser, the evaporator, the air conditioner heating core and the PTC auxiliary heater, so the heat generation model mainly comprises the following components:
the refrigerating capacity of the compressor is as follows:
wherein q is 0 The unit is refrigerating capacity, and the unit is kJ/kg; n is the rotating speed of the compressor, and the unit is r/min; lambda is the gas transmission coefficient; v. of 1 Is the specific volume of air absorption in m 3 /kg；V h Is the compressor displacement in mL/r.
Heat balance equation and heat transfer equation for condenser:
Q K ＝3600Vρc(t 0 -t i )
Q K ＝KFΔt m
wherein V is the volume fluid of the cooling medium and has a unit of m 3 H; rho is the density of the cooling medium and has the unit of kg/m 3 (ii) a c is the constant-pressure specific heat of the cooling medium, and the unit is kJ/(kg. K); t is t 0 And t i The temperatures of the cooling medium inlet and outlet are respectively expressed in K; k is the heat transfer coefficient of the condenser and is expressed in W/(m) 2 K); f is the heat transfer area of the condenser, and the unit is m 2 (ii) a Δ tm is the mean logarithmic heat transfer temperature difference in units of K.
In the evaporator heat transfer model, the evaporation heat transfer equation of the refrigerant side is as follows:
Q 0 ＝α i F i (t i -t 0 )
in the formula, alpha i The heat exchange coefficient of the refrigerant in the evaporator tube during evaporation is W/(m) 2 ·K)；F i Is the total heat transfer area in m 2 ；t 0 And t i Inlet and outlet medium temperature respectivelyDegree, in K. The flow heat transfer equation on the air side is:
Q 1 ＝G a (h ai -h a0 )＝ξα 0 F 0 (t ai -t a0 )
in the formula, xi is a moisture analysis coefficient; alpha (alpha) ("alpha") 0 Is the sensible heat exchange coefficient of the air side and has the unit of W/(m) 2 ·K)；F 0 Is the effective area of heat transfer, in m 2 ；t ai Is the average temperature on the air side, in units of K; t is t a0 Is the average temperature in the evaporator tube in K.
The heat transfer equation for the heat exchanger is:
Q k ＝kFθ m
wherein k is the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger and has the unit of W/(m) 2 K); f is the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger, and the unit is m 2 ；θ m Is the logarithmic mean temperature difference in units of K.
The heat production model of the air conditioner heating core and the PTC auxiliary heater is as follows:
in the formula, P is heating power; u is the actual working voltage during heating, and the unit is V; r is heating resistance with the unit of omega;
dissipation factor, in W/deg.C; t is the temperature of the heating core or PTC; t is a unit of 0 Is ambient temperature.
Temperature sensor and humidity transducer all set up at motor, battery, air conditioning system and car internal environment, pressure sensor sets up at the car internal environment for the atmospheric pressure in the monitoring driver's cabin. The sensor module can monitor the temperature, humidity, pressure, current and voltage parameters of each important part in the automobile in real time, transmit the parameters to an evaluation index system and a heat production model, analyze the endurance mileage, dynamic property and energy consumption of the electric automobile by using the evaluation system, calculate the heat production quantity of the heat production part of the electric automobile by using a heat production model of a motor, a battery and an air conditioning system in the heat production model, and input the analysis and calculation results into an information fusion platform. And the information fusion platform carries out interactive comparison on data input by the evaluation index system, the sensor module and the heat production model, fuses and extracts data monitored by the sensor by using a Kalman filtering method, and then transmits the extracted data to the electronic control system.
As shown in fig. 2, the electronic control system is connected to the cooling system and the heating system. After receiving the data transmitted by the information fusion platform, the electronic control system compares the data with the optimal working temperature of the motor and the battery recorded in the electronic control system, obtains the regulation and control parameters of the optimal working temperature of the motor and the battery by utilizing an evaluation index system and a heat production model under the condition that the temperature and the speed of a vehicle user in the vehicle are met, sends control signals to MC9S12DG128 controllers of a refrigerating system and a heating system, controls the valve switch and the opening of a refrigerant loop and the power of components such as a compressor and a condenser and the like, and refrigerates the system needing cooling; and meanwhile, the heat of a high-temperature heat source in the refrigeration loop is conveyed to a system needing to be heated through a refrigerant in a pipeline, the system needing to be heated is heated, and if the heating strength does not meet the requirement of the working temperature of the system, the PTC auxiliary heater is controlled to heat.
As shown in fig. 3, different from the single management mode of each system for the current vehicle motor thermal management, battery thermal management and vehicle internal environment thermal management, the pipelines of the vehicle refrigeration system and the heating system of the invention flow through the motor and the battery while performing thermal management on the vehicle internal environment, as shown in fig. 4, the electronic control system can uniformly integrate and manage the motor, the battery and the vehicle internal environment thermal management through the refrigeration system and the heating system, and under the condition of ensuring that the motor and the battery are at safe working temperature, the requirement of the vehicle internal environment temperature is met, the vehicle internal heat is reasonably utilized to the maximum extent, the energy consumption loss is reduced, and the effects of energy conservation, strong endurance and comfort are achieved.
As shown in fig. 4, the refrigeration system includes a first water tank 6, a compressor 7, a condenser 8, an expansion valve 9, a two-way valve 1, an air conditioning system 12, a check valve 2, a battery 16, a check valve 3, and a motor 18. Wherein, the delivery outlet of the first water tank 6 is connected with the inlet of a compressor 7, the delivery outlet of the compressor 7 is connected with the inlet of a condenser 8, the outlet of the condenser 8 is connected with the inlet of an expansion valve 9, and the outlets of the expansion valve 9 are connected with the inlets of a two-way valve 1, a one-way valve 2 and a one-way valve 3; an outlet of the two-way valve 1 is connected with an inlet of an air conditioning system 12, and an outlet of the air conditioning system 12 is connected with an inlet of the first water tank 6; the outlet of the one-way valve 2 is connected with the inlet of a battery 16, and the outlet of the battery 16 is connected with the inlet of the first water tank 6; the outlet of the one-way valve 3 is connected with the inlet of a motor 18, and the outlet of the motor 18 is connected with the inlet of the first water tank 6. And the compressor 7, the condenser 8, the expansion valve 9, the two-way valve 1, the one-way valve 2 and the one-way valve 3 are connected with the controller, and the two-way valve 1, the one-way valve 2 and the one-way valve 3 are in a normally closed state.
The heating system comprises a second water tank 20, a water pump 19, a heat exchanger 11, a check valve 4, an air conditioning heating core 13, a check valve 5, a first PTC auxiliary heater 15 and a second PTC auxiliary heater 17, wherein the air conditioning heating core 13 is close to the air conditioning system 12. An outlet of the second water tank 20 is connected with an inlet of a water pump 19, an outlet of the water pump 19 is connected with an inlet of a heat exchanger 11, an outlet of the heat exchanger 11 is connected with a check valve 4 and a check valve 5, an outlet of the check valve 4 is connected with an inlet of the first PTC auxiliary heater 15, an outlet of the check valve 5 is connected with an inlet of the second PTC auxiliary heater 17, and an outlet of the first PTC auxiliary heater 15 and an outlet of the second PTC auxiliary heater 17 are connected with an inlet of the second water tank 20. Wherein, the water pump 19, the heat exchanger 8, the check valve 4, the check valve 5, the air conditioner heating core 13, the first PTC auxiliary heater 15 and the second PTC auxiliary heater 17 are connected with the controller, and the check valve 4 and the check valve 5 are in a normally closed state. In addition, the air intake grille 10 can perform air intake cooling on the heat generated by the condenser.
The invention relates to a control process of a pipeline flow of an automobile refrigerating system and a pipeline flow of a heating system through an automobile internal environment, a motor and a battery, which comprises the following conditions and steps:
s1, when the battery 16 and the motor 18 do not need to be cooled and the driver needs to refrigerate the motor 15, the controller opens the compressor 7, the condenser 8, the expansion valve 9 and the two-way valve 1. The refrigerant flows out of the first water tank 6, passes through the compressor 7, the condenser 8, the expansion valve 9, the two-way valve 1, and the air conditioning system 12 in order, and finally flows back to the first water tank 6.
S2, when the motor 18 and the cab 14 do not need to be cooled and the battery 16 is cooled, the controller opens the compressor 7, the condenser 8, the expansion valve 9 and the one-way valve 2. The refrigerant flows out of the first water tank 6, passes through the compressor 7, the condenser 8, the expansion valve 9, the check valve 2, and the battery 16 in this order, and finally flows back to the first water tank 6.
S3, when the battery 16 and the cab 14 do not need to be cooled and the motor 18 is cooled, the controller opens the compressor 7, the condenser 8, the expansion valve 9 and the one-way valve 3. The refrigerant flows out of the first water tank 6, passes through the compressor 7, the condenser 8, the expansion valve 9, the check valve 3, and the motor 18 in order, and finally flows back to the first water tank 6.
And S3, when the battery 16 and the cab 14 do not need to be cooled and the motor 18 is cooled, the controller opens the compressor 7, the condenser 8, the expansion valve 9 and the one-way valve 3. The refrigerant flows out of the first water tank 6, passes through the compressor 7, the condenser 8, the expansion valve 9, the check valve 3, and the motor 18 in order, and finally flows back to the first water tank 6.
S4, when the cab 14, the battery 16 and the motor 18 need to refrigerate pairwise or refrigerate the three simultaneously, the controller simultaneously opens the compressor 7, the condenser 8, the expansion valve 9 and the one-way valves corresponding to the systems, and the refrigerant finally flows back to the first water tank 6 after passing through the systems to form a multi-cycle loop.
S5, when the cab 14 needs to be heated, the controller opens the air conditioning system 12 and the air conditioning heating core 13 to heat the cab 14, and the refrigerant flows from the first water tank 6, flows through the air conditioning system 12, the two-way valve 1, the expansion valve 9, the condenser 8 and the compressor 7, and then flows back to the first water tank 6 to form a circulation loop.
S6, the battery 16 has two modes of heating, wherein the first mode is as follows: the controller turns on the first PTC auxiliary heater 15 to heat the battery 16. The second way is: when the condenser 8 is in a working state, the controller controls the water pump 19, the heat exchanger 11 and the check valve 4 to be opened, the liquid absorbs heat emitted by the condenser 8 in the heat exchanger 11, releases heat to the battery 16 after flowing through the check valve 4, and if the heat is not enough to heat the battery 16 to a required temperature, the first PTC auxiliary heater 15 is started to perform auxiliary heating on the battery 16.
S7, the motor 18 has two heating modes, wherein the first mode is as follows: the controller turns on the second PTC auxiliary heater 17 to heat the motor 18. The second mode is as follows: when the condenser 8 is in a working state, the controller controls the water pump 19, the heat exchanger 11 and the check valve 5 to be opened, the liquid absorbs heat emitted by the condenser 8 in the heat exchanger 11, the heat is released to the motor 18 after flowing through the check valve 5, and if the heat is not enough to heat the motor 18 to a required temperature, the second PTC auxiliary heater 17 is started to perform auxiliary heating on the motor 18.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and the like which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be regarded as equivalent substitutions and are included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An electric automobile heat management system based on information fusion is characterized by comprising an evaluation index system, a system heat production model, a sensor module, an information fusion platform and an electronic control system;
the evaluation index system comprises a endurance mileage model, a power model and an energy consumption parameter model, and is used for comprehensively analyzing the endurance mileage, the dynamic property and the economic property of the electric automobile;
the system heat production model comprises a motor heat production model, a battery heat production model and an air-conditioning system heat production model; according to real-time data monitored by the sensor module, respectively calculating the heat production quantity of heat production parts of the electric automobile in real time through a motor, a battery and a heat production model of an air-conditioning system in a system heat production model;
the sensor module comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a pressure sensor, a current sensor and a voltage sensor, wherein the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are arranged in the motor, the battery, the air conditioning system and the environment in the vehicle and are used for detecting the working temperature and humidity of the motor, the battery and the components of the air conditioning system and the temperature and humidity of the environment in the vehicle in real time; the pressure sensor is arranged in the environment in the vehicle and used for monitoring the air pressure in the cab; the current sensor and the voltage sensor are arranged at the current and voltage input and output positions of the motor, the battery and the air-conditioning system component;
the information fusion platform interactively compares the analysis result of the evaluation index system, the calculation result of the system heat generation model and the data in the sensor module, and fuses and extracts the data monitored by the sensor module by using a Kalman filtering method;
the electronic control system compares the data extracted from the information fusion platform with the optimal working temperature of the motor and the battery recorded by the electronic control system, calculates the regulation and control parameters of the optimal working temperature of the motor and the battery by using an evaluation index system and a system heat production model under the condition of meeting the requirements of automobile users on the temperature and the speed in the automobile, and sends control signals to controllers in a refrigerating system and a heating system through an expert system and a fuzzy logic control theory.
2. The information fusion-based electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the mileage model is used to calculate mileage as follows:
S＝3600uWη/P
wherein P is the output power of the motor and the unit is W; m is the total vehicle mass in mg; g is gravity acceleration, and is 9.8m/s 2 ；C D Is the air resistance coefficient; a is the frontal area in m 2 (ii) a r is the rolling radius in m; u is the vehicle speed and the unit is m/s; eta r Is a driveline ratio; i is the driveline speed ratio; f is the rolling resistance coefficient ratio; s is endurance mileage, and the unit is m; eta is the motor efficiency; w is the battery charge and has the unit of W.h.
3. The information fusion-based electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the power model is effective power output by a power battery:
wherein, P e For the effective power output of the battery, U is the battery terminal voltage, I is the battery terminal current, eta total For the total efficiency of the battery, m is the total vehicle mass, α is the angle of the gradient, u is the vehicle speed, C D Is the air resistance coefficient, A is the windward area, F f As rolling resistance, F w As air resistance, F i As slope resistance, F j For acceleration resistance, a is the vehicle acceleration.
4. The information fusion-based electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the energy consumption parameter model is mainly a hundred kilometers power consumption:
wherein E is the power consumption per hundred kilometers, P e Is battery power, in units of W; m mass and unit of whole vehicleIs mg; u is the vehicle speed in m/s.
5. The information fusion-based electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the battery heat generation model mainly adopts a Bernardi battery heat generation rate model:
wherein q is the heat generation rate of the battery; i is a charging current, and takes a negative value during discharging; u is the terminal voltage of the battery monomer; u shape 0 Is the battery electromotive force, numerically equal to the open circuit voltage; t is the average temperature of the battery.
6. The information fusion-based electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein when the motor is in operation, heat generated inside the motor mainly comes from heat generated by the winding, and the heat generated by the winding Q is:
Q＝∫I 2 rdt
in the formula, I is winding phase current, r is winding phase resistance, and t is motor working time.
7. The information fusion-based electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the air-conditioning system heat generation model mainly comprises heat generation models of a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a heat exchanger, an air-conditioning heating core and a PTC auxiliary heater, and specifically, the air-conditioning system heat generation model mainly comprises heat generation models of the following components:
the refrigerating capacity of the compressor is as follows:
wherein q is 0 The unit is refrigerating capacity, and the unit is kJ/kg; n is the rotating speed of the compressor and the unit is r/min; lambda is the gas transmission coefficient; v. of 1 Is the specific volume of air absorption in m 3 /kg；V h Is compressor displacement in units;
heat balance equation and heat transfer equation for condenser:
Q K ＝3600Vρc(t 0 -t i )
Q K ＝KFΔt m
wherein V is the volume fluid of the cooling medium and has a unit of m 3 H; rho is the density of the cooling medium and has the unit of kg/m 3 (ii) a c is the constant-pressure specific heat of the cooling medium, and the unit is kJ/(kg. K); t is t 0 And t i The temperatures of the cooling medium inlet and outlet are respectively, and the unit is K; k is the heat transfer coefficient of the condenser and has the unit of W/(m) 2 K); f is the heat transfer area of the condenser, and the unit is m 2 ；Δt m Is the average logarithmic heat transfer temperature difference, and the unit is K;
in the evaporator heat transfer model, the evaporation heat transfer equation of the refrigerant side is as follows:
Q 0 ＝α i F i (t i -t 0 )
in the formula, alpha i The heat exchange coefficient of the refrigerant in the evaporator tube during evaporation is W/(m) 2 ·K)；F i Is the total heat transfer area in m 2 ；t 0 And t i Inlet and outlet media temperatures, respectively, in K; the flow heat transfer equation on the air side is:
Q 1 ＝G a (h ai -h a0 )＝ξα 0 F 0 (t ai -t a0 )
in the formula, xi is a moisture analysis coefficient; alpha (alpha) ("alpha") 0 Is the sensible heat exchange coefficient of the air side and has the unit of W/(m) 2 ·K)；F 0 Is the effective area of heat transfer, and has unit of m 2 ；t ai Is the average temperature on the air side, in units of K; t is t a0 Is the average temperature in the evaporator tube, in K;
the heat transfer equation for the heat exchanger is:
Q k ＝kFθ m
wherein k is the heat transfer coefficient of the heat exchanger and has the unit of W/(m) 2 K); f is the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger inIs m 2 ；θ m Is the logarithmic mean temperature difference in K;
the heat production model of the air conditioner heating core and the PTC auxiliary heater is as follows:
wherein, P is heating power; u is the actual working voltage during heating, and the unit is V; r is heating resistance with the unit of omega;
dissipation factor, in W/deg.C; t is the temperature of the heating core or PTC; t is 0 Is ambient temperature.
8. The information fusion-based electric vehicle thermal management system according to claim 1, wherein the refrigeration system comprises a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator and the like; the heating system comprises a heat exchanger, an air conditioner heating core and a PTC auxiliary heater.
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| CN111562741A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-21 | 上海交通大学 | Method for prolonging service life of battery of electric automobile |
| CN111923784B (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2021-12-28 | 一汽解放青岛汽车有限公司 | Temperature control method, device and equipment for vehicle cooling system and storage medium |
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