CN110254174A - A kind of thermal management system of electric automobile based on information fusion - Google Patents
A kind of thermal management system of electric automobile based on information fusion Download PDFInfo
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- CN110254174A CN110254174A CN201910608179.1A CN201910608179A CN110254174A CN 110254174 A CN110254174 A CN 110254174A CN 201910608179 A CN201910608179 A CN 201910608179A CN 110254174 A CN110254174 A CN 110254174A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H1/00278—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit for the battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00642—Control systems or circuits; Control members or indication devices for heating, cooling or ventilating devices
- B60H1/00735—Control systems or circuits characterised by their input, i.e. by the detection, measurement or calculation of particular conditions, e.g. signal treatment, dynamic models
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
- B60H2001/00307—Component temperature regulation using a liquid flow
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of thermal management system of electric automobile based on information fusion, including assessment indicator system, system heat production model, sensor module, information convergence platform and electronic control system；Assessment indicator system includes course continuation mileage model, dynamic model and energy consumption parameter model；System heat production model calculates the quantity of heat production of the heat producing components of electric car in real time；Sensor module includes temperature sensor, current sensor and voltage sensor etc.；Data in assessment indicator system, system heat production model and sensor module are interacted comparison by information convergence platform, and are merged and extracted the data that sensor module monitors；The electronic control system calculates the regulation parameter of the most suitable operating temperature of motor, battery, issues control signal to the controller in air-conditioning system.The present invention realize to automobile power cell, motor, environment inside car temperature integrated real-time monitoring, make full use of the energy, while guaranteeing course continuation mileage, dynamic property and the economy of electric car.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of automotive thermal tubes to manage system regions, specifically a kind of electric car heat pipe based on information fusion
Reason system.
Background technique
With the fast development of electric car and universal, electric car safety accident also takes place frequently therewith, wherein many on fire
Even explosive incident causes query of the people to electric car safety, this research to thermal management system of electric automobile
New project and challenge are proposed with exploitation.Currently, the country of Global Auto industry prosperity all quite payes attention to electric car heat pipe
The research of reason technology, as one of the main research of development of automobile project.
Thermal management system of electric automobile research object generally mainly includes three parts: environment inside car heat management, driving electricity
Machine heat management and power battery heat management.As orthodox car, electric car will also meet passenger to environment inside car comfort level
Requirement, that is, be equipped with preferable environment inside car heat management system, cooling in summer, winter heating.And driving motor is as pure electric vehicle
Electric energy is converted into mechanical energy, then drives wheel by the energy conversion unit of car using battery as power source.Due in energy
Inevitably occur the heat of the generations such as mechanical loss, friction loss in conversion process, if these heats not in time dissipate
Out, the heat fatigue that can aggravate motor reduces the service performance of motor.Battery is the core component of electric car, the electricity of work
Chemical efficiency is closely related with its temperature.If the raising of temperature can accelerate chemical anti-without effective power battery heat management
The process for answering rate and degradation with aging results even in catastrophic failure；Similarly, if temperature is too low, the energy of battery is close
Degree and capacity can be remarkably decreased, it is therefore desirable to stringent heat management is carried out to Vehicular battery.Currently, existing most of both at home and abroad
Power battery, motor and the environment inside car heat management system of electric car are relatively independent, no effectively unified integrated pipes
Reason, so that total thermal management effect is poor, energy consumption is high, has seriously affected the course continuation mileage and performance of vehicle.
In recent years, there has also been certain research achievements, such as patent of invention for the integrated vehicle heat management of new-energy automobile
CN108357327A discloses a kind of thermal management system of whole pure electric vehicle, and opposite heat tube manages the intelligence control of each circulation loop of system
System, to ensure that electric drive, battery etc. work in suitable temperature range.Patent CN201611262189 is (a kind of
Whole pure electric vehicle multifunctional all heat management system) it is similar, Winter heat supply, the summer system of electric car may be implemented
A variety of heat functions such as cold, the cold and hot management of power battery, power motor cooling.This research main study subject is control heat management
Each circuit of system only considered driving motor, battery etc. in suitable temperature without reference to the collection and processing of information data
Section work, does not account for course continuation mileage, dynamic property and the economy of vehicle.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provide it is a kind of based on information fusion thermal management system of electric automobile and side
Method.
The present invention is realized at least through one of following technical solution.
A kind of thermal management system of electric automobile based on information fusion, including assessment indicator system, system heat production model, biography
Sensor module, information convergence platform and electronic control system；
The assessment indicator system includes course continuation mileage model, dynamic model and energy consumption parameter model, assessment indicator system
For comprehensive analysis electric car course continuation mileage, dynamic property and economy；
The system heat production model includes motor heat production model, battery heat production model and air-conditioning system heat production model；According to
The real time data of sensor module monitoring passes through the heat production model point of motor, battery and air-conditioning system in system heat production model
The quantity of heat production of the other heat producing components to electric car is calculated in real time；
The sensor module includes temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pressure sensor, current sensor, voltage biography
Sensor, the temperature sensor and humidity sensor are arranged at motor, battery, air-conditioning system and environment inside car, for real-time
Detect the temperature and humidity of motor, the operating temperature of battery and air conditioning system components, humidity and environment inside car；The pressure
Environment in the car is arranged in sensor, drives indoor air pressure for monitoring；The current sensor and voltage sensor setting exist
Motor, the electric current of battery and air conditioning system components and voltage input output position；
The information convergence platform is by the analysis result of assessment indicator system, the calculated result and sensing of system heat production model
Data in device module interact comparison, and the data extracting sensor module and monitoring are merged using Kalman filtering method；
The electricity that the data and electronic control system extracted in the electronic control system combining information convergence platform are recorded
The optimum working temperature in mechanical, electrical pond compares, and in the case where meeting autoist to vehicle interior temperature, speed, Utilization assessment refers to
Mark system and system heat production model calculate the regulation parameter of the most suitable operating temperature of motor, battery, by intelligent decision system
Expert system, fuzzy logic control theory in the refrigeration system and heating system in air-conditioning system controller issue control
Signal.
Further, the course continuation mileage model is used to calculate course continuation mileage, and the model is as follows:
S=3600uW η/P
P is the output power of motor, unit W in formula；M is complete vehicle quality, unit mg；G is acceleration of gravity, is taken
9.8m/s2；CDFor coefficient of air resistance；A is front face area, unit m2；R is rolling radius, unit m；U is speed, unit
For m/s；ηrFor gearing factor ratio；I is drive line ratio；F is coefficient of rolling resistance ratio；S is course continuation mileage, unit m；η is
Electric efficiency；W is battery capacity, unit Wh.
Further, the dynamic model is the effective power of power battery output:
Wherein, PeFor the effective power of battery output, U is battery pack end voltage, and I is battery pack end electric current, ηtotalFor electricity
Pond gross efficiency, m are complete vehicle quality, and α is the angle of the gradient, and u is speed, CDFor coefficient of air resistance, A is front face area, FfFor rolling
Dynamic resistance, FwFor air drag, FiFor grade resistance, FjFor acceleration resistance, a is vehicle acceleration.
Further, the energy consumption parameter model is mainly hundred kilometers of power consumption:
In formula, E is hundred kilometers of power consumption, PeFor the power of battery, unit W；M complete vehicle quality, unit mg；U is speed,
Unit is m/s.
Further, the battery heat production model mainly uses Bernardi battery rate of heat production's model:
In formula, q is battery rate of heat production, and i is charging current, and when electric discharge takes negative value；U is battery cell end voltage；U0For
Cell emf, numerically equal to open-circuit voltage；T is the mean temperature of battery.
Further, when motor works, the heat generated inside motor is mainly derived from winding heat production, winding quantity of heat production Q
Are as follows:
Q=∫ I2rdt
In formula, I is winding phase current, and r is winding phase resistance, and t is the motor working time.
Further, the predominantly compressor, condenser, evaporator, heat exchanger, air-conditioning of the air-conditioning system heat production model
The heat production model of heating core and PTC auxiliary heater, specifically, air-conditioning system heat production model mainly includes the heat production with lower component
Model:
Compressor refrigerating capacity are as follows:
Wherein, q0For unit refrigerating capacity, unit kJ/kg；N is compressor rotary speed, unit r/min；λ is gas transmission system
Number；v1For inspiratory volume, unit m3/kg；VhFor compressor displacement, unit mL/r.
The equation of heat balance and heat transfer equation of condenser:
QK=3600V ρ c (t0-ti)
QK=KF Δ tm
In formula, V is cooling medium volume fluid, unit m3/h；ρ is the density of cooling medium, unit kg/m3；C is
The specific heat at constant pressure of cooling medium, unit are kJ/ (kgK)；t0And tiThe respectively temperature of cooling medium inlet and outlet, unit
For K；K is the heat transfer coefficient of condenser, and unit is W/ (m2·K)；F is the heat transfer area of condenser, unit m2；ΔtmIt is flat
Equal logarithm heat transfer temperature difference, unit K.
In Evaporator, the evaporation and heat-exchange equation of refrigerant side are as follows:
Q0=αiFi(ti-t0)
In formula, αiCoefficient of heat transfer when evaporating for evaporator tube inner refrigerant, unit are W/ (m2·K)；FiFor total face of conducting heat
Product, unit m2；t0And tiRespectively inlet and outlet medium temperature, unit K.The fluid interchange equation of air side are as follows:
Q1=Ga(hai-ha0)=ξ α0F0(tai-ta0)
In formula, ξ is moisture absorption coefficient；α0For air side sensible heat transfer coefficient, unit is W/ (m2·K)；F0For the significant surface that conducts heat
Product, unit m2；taiFor air side mean temperature, unit K；ta0For mean temperature in evaporator tube, unit K.
The heat transfer equation of heat exchanger are as follows:
Qk=kF θm
In formula, k is the heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger, and unit is W/ (m2·K)；F is the heat transfer area of heat exchanger, unit m2；
θmFor logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD), unit K.
The heat production model of air-conditioning heating core and PTC auxiliary heater are as follows:
In formula, P is heating power；Real work voltage when U is heating, unit V；R is adding thermal resistance, and unit is
Ω；For dissipation factor, unit is W/ DEG C；T is heating core or the temperature of PTC；T0For environment temperature.
Further, the refrigeration system includes compressor, condenser and evaporator etc.；Heating system include heat exchanger,
Air-conditioning heating core and PTC auxiliary heater etc..
Unified each component heat of integrated management electric car the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows real-time, multi-information fusion, most
Economy, dynamic property, comfort and the safety of bigization guarantee electric car.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the information collection of information convergence platform and information fusion process schematic diagram of the present embodiment；
Fig. 2 is electronic control system control process schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is a kind of thermal management system of electric automobile overall structure block diagram based on information fusion of the present embodiment；
Fig. 4 is a kind of thermal management system of electric automobile schematic diagram based on information fusion that the present embodiment mentions.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, the contents of the present invention are described further, but it is not represented as unique reality of the invention
Apply mode.
A kind of thermal management system of electric automobile based on information fusion as shown in figures 1 and 3, comprising: evaluation index body
System, system heat production model, sensor module and electronic control system；
Assessment indicator system includes course continuation mileage model, dynamic model, energy consumption parameter model.Wherein, course continuation mileage model
For analyze can course continuation mileage, formula is as follows:
S=3600uW η/P
P is the output power of motor, unit W in formula；M is complete vehicle quality, unit mg；G is acceleration of gravity, is taken
9.8m/s2；CDFor coefficient of air resistance；A is front face area, unit m2；R is rolling radius, unit m；U is speed, unit
For m/s；ηrFor gearing factor ratio；I is drive line ratio；F is coefficient of rolling resistance ratio；S is course continuation mileage, unit m；η is
Electric efficiency；W is battery capacity, unit Wh.
The major impetus source of electric car is power battery, and dynamic model is the effective power of power battery output:
Wherein, PeFor the effective power of battery output, U is battery pack end voltage, and I is battery pack end electric current, ηtotalFor electricity
Pond gross efficiency, m are complete vehicle quality, and α is the angle of the gradient, and u is speed, CDFor coefficient of air resistance, A is front face area, FfFor rolling
Dynamic resistance, FwFor air drag, FiFor grade resistance, FjFor acceleration resistance, a is vehicle acceleration.
Energy consumption parameter model is mainly hundred kilometers of power consumption:
In formula, E is hundred kilometers of power consumption, PeFor the power of battery, unit W；M complete vehicle quality, unit mg；U is speed,
Unit is m/s.
Sensor module includes temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pressure sensor, current sensor and voltage sensor
Device.
System heat production model includes battery heat production model, motor heat production model, air-conditioning system heat production model.Battery heat production mould
Type mainly uses Bernardi battery rate of heat production's model:
In formula, q is battery rate of heat production, and i is charging current, and when electric discharge takes negative value；U is battery cell end voltage；U0For
Cell emf, numerically equal to open-circuit voltage；T is the mean temperature of battery.
When motor works, the heat that inside generates is mainly derived from winding heat production, winding quantity of heat production are as follows:
Q=∫ I2rdt
In formula, I is winding phase current, and r is winding phase resistance, and t is the motor working time.
The main heat production heat transfer component of air-conditioning system is that compressor, condenser, evaporator, air-conditioning heating core and PTC auxiliary add
Hot device, so its heat production model mainly includes the following:
Compressor refrigerating capacity are as follows:
Wherein, q0For unit refrigerating capacity, unit kJ/kg；N is compressor rotary speed, unit r/min；λ is gas transmission system
Number；v1For inspiratory volume, unit m3/kg；VhFor compressor displacement, unit mL/r.
The equation of heat balance and heat transfer equation of condenser:
QK=3600V ρ c (t0-ti)
QK=KF Δ tm
In formula, V is cooling medium volume fluid, unit m3/h；ρ is the density of cooling medium, unit kg/m3；C is
The specific heat at constant pressure of cooling medium, unit are kJ/ (kgK)；t0And tiThe respectively temperature of cooling medium inlet and outlet, unit
For K；K is the heat transfer coefficient of condenser, and unit is W/ (m2·K)；F is the heat transfer area of condenser, unit m2；Δ tm is flat
Equal logarithm heat transfer temperature difference, unit K.
In Evaporator, the evaporation and heat-exchange equation of refrigerant side are as follows:
Q0=αiFi(ti-t0)
In formula, αiCoefficient of heat transfer when evaporating for evaporator tube inner refrigerant, unit are W/ (m2·K)；FiFor total face of conducting heat
Product, unit m2；t0And tiRespectively inlet and outlet medium temperature, unit K.The fluid interchange equation of air side are as follows:
Q1=Ga(hai-ha0)=ξ α0F0(tai-ta0)
In formula, ξ is moisture absorption coefficient；α0For air side sensible heat transfer coefficient, unit is W/ (m2·K)；F0For the significant surface that conducts heat
Product, unit m2；taiFor air side mean temperature, unit K；ta0For mean temperature in evaporator tube, unit K.
The heat transfer equation of heat exchanger are as follows:
Qk=kF θm
In formula, k is the heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger, and unit is W/ (m2·K)；F is the heat transfer area of heat exchanger, unit m2；
θmFor logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD), unit K.
The heat production model of air-conditioning heating core and PTC auxiliary heater are as follows:
In formula, P is heating power；Real work voltage when U is heating, unit V；R is adding thermal resistance, and unit is
Ω；For dissipation factor, unit is W/ DEG C；T is heating core or the temperature of PTC；T0For environment temperature.
The temperature sensor and humidity sensor are arranged at motor, battery, air-conditioning system and environment inside car, the pressure
Environment in the car is arranged in force snesor, drives indoor air pressure for monitoring.Sensor module can monitor in real time interior each heavy
Temperature, humidity, pressure, electric current and the voltage parameter for wanting component, parameter is transferred in assessment indicator system and heat production model, benefit
With analysis electric car course continuation mileage, dynamic property and the energy consumption of appraisement system, motor, battery and the air-conditioning in heat production model are utilized
The heat production model of system calculates the quantity of heat production of the heat producing components of electric car, by above-mentioned analysis and calculated result input letter
Cease convergence platform.Information convergence platform interacts the data of assessment indicator system, sensor module and heat production mode input
It compares, the data extracting sensor and monitoring is merged using Kalman filtering method, then the data of extraction are transmitted to electronic control
System.
As shown in Fig. 2, electronic control system is connected with refrigeration system and heating system.Electronic control system is receiving letter
After the data for ceasing convergence platform conveying, it is compared with the optimum working temperature of the motor, battery that are recorded in electronic control system,
In the case where meeting autoist to vehicle interior temperature, speed, Utilization assessment index system and heat production model show that electricity is mechanical, electrical
The regulation parameter of the most suitable operating temperature in pond issues control signal to the MC9S12DG128 controller of refrigeration system and heating system,
The power for controlling the components such as valve switch, aperture and compressor, the condenser of refrigerant circuit carries out the system that needs cool down
Refrigeration；The heat of the high temperature heat source in refrigerating circuit is transported in the system that need to be heated up by the refrigerant in pipeline simultaneously,
The system that need to be heated up is heated, if heating intensity is not achieved the demands of system operating temperatures, control PTC auxiliary heater into
Row heating.
As shown in figure 3, being different from each system of current electric motor of automobile heat management, battery thermal management and environment inside car heat management
The pipeline of single management mode, automobile refrigeration system of the invention and heating system is carrying out the same of heat management to environment inside car
When, motor, battery are flowed through, as shown in figure 4, electronic control system can unify integrated management electricity by refrigeration system and heating system
Mechanical, electrical pond and environment inside car heat management meet environment inside car temperature in the case where guaranteeing that motor, battery are in safe working temperature
It is required that maximizing rationally using interior heat, energy loss is reduced, reaches energy conservation, strong, the comfortable effect of continuation of the journey.
As shown in figure 4, refrigeration system includes the first water tank 6, compressor 7, condenser 8, expansion valve 9, two-way valve 1, air-conditioning
System 12, check valve 2, battery 16, check valve 3, motor 18.Wherein, the delivery outlet of the first water tank 6 is connected with 7 entrance of compressor,
7 delivery outlet of compressor is connected with 8 entrance of condenser, and the outlet of condenser 8 is connected with 9 entrance of expansion valve, and expansion valve 9 exports equal and double
It is connected to valve 1, check valve 2 with the entrance of check valve 3；The outlet of two-way valve 1 is connected with 12 entrance of air-conditioning system, and air-conditioning system 12 goes out
Mouth is connected with 6 entrance of the first water tank；The outlet of check valve 2 is connected with 16 entrance of battery, the outlet of battery 16 and 6 entrance phase of the first water tank
Even；The outlet of check valve 3 is connected with 18 entrance of motor, and the outlet of motor 18 is connected with 6 entrance of the first water tank.And compressor 7, condenser
8, expansion valve 9, two-way valve 1, check valve 2 and check valve 3 are connected with controller, and two-way valve 1, check valve 2 and check valve 3 are in normal
Closed state.
Heating system include the second water tank 20, water pump 19, heat exchanger 11, check valve 4, air-conditioning heating core 13, check valve 5,
First PTC auxiliary heater 15 and the 2nd PTC auxiliary heater 17, wherein air-conditioning heating core 13 is close to air-conditioning system 12.Second
The outlet of water tank 20 is connected with 19 entrance of water pump, and the outlet of water pump 19 is connected with 11 entrance of heat exchanger, and the outlet of heat exchanger 11 connection is unidirectional
Valve 4 and check valve 5, the outlet of check valve 4 are connected with 15 entrance of the first PTC auxiliary heater, and the outlet of check valve 5 is auxiliary with the 2nd PTC
17 entrance of heater is helped to be connected, the outlet of the first PTC auxiliary heater 15 and the 2nd PTC auxiliary heater 17 export and the second water tank
20 entrances are connected.Wherein, water pump 19, heat exchanger 8, check valve 4, check valve 5, air-conditioning heating core 13, the first PTC auxiliary heater
15 and the 2nd PTC auxiliary heater 17 be connected with controller, check valve 4 and check valve 5 are in normally off.In addition, air inlet lattice
The heat that grid 10 can generate condenser carries out air inlet cooling.
The pipeline of automobile refrigeration system and heating system of the invention flows through environment inside car, motor and battery, controls
Journey, including following situations and step:
S1. when battery 16 and motor 18, which do not need cooling, driver, to be needed to freeze to 15, controller opens compression
Machine 7, condenser 8, expansion valve 9 and two-way valve 1.Refrigerant is flowed out from the first water tank 6, successively by compressor 7, condenser 8, swollen
Swollen valve 9, two-way valve 1 and air-conditioning system 12 finally flow back to the first water tank 6.
S2. when motor 18 and driver's cabin 14 do not need cooling, freeze to battery 16, controller opening compressor 7,
Condenser 8, expansion valve 9 and check valve 2.Refrigerant is flowed out from the first water tank 6, successively passes through compressor 7, condenser 8, expansion valve
9, check valve 2 and battery 16 finally flow back to the first water tank 6.
S3. when battery 16 and driver's cabin 14 do not need cooling, freeze to motor 18, controller opening compressor 7,
Condenser 8, expansion valve 9 and check valve 3.Refrigerant is flowed out from the first water tank 6, successively passes through compressor 7, condenser 8, expansion valve
9, check valve 3 and motor 18 finally flow back to the first water tank 6.
S3. when battery 16 and driver's cabin 14 do not need cooling, freeze to motor 18, controller opening compressor 7,
Condenser 8, expansion valve 9 and check valve 3.Refrigerant is flowed out from the first water tank 6, successively passes through compressor 7, condenser 8, expansion valve
9, check valve 3 and motor 18 finally flow back to the first water tank 6.
S4. when driver's cabin 14, battery 16 and motor 18 need to carry out refrigeration or three two-by-two while freezing, controller
Compressor 7, condenser 8, expansion valve 9 check valve corresponding with each system are opened simultaneously, refrigerant is final to flow after each system
The first water tank 6 is returned, multi-cycle circuit is formed.
S5. when driver's cabin 14 needs to heat, controller opens air-conditioning system 12 and air-conditioning heating core 13 to driver's cabin 14
It is heated, after refrigerant flows through air-conditioning system 12, two-way valve 1, expansion valve 9, condenser 8 and compressor 7 from the first water tank 6,
It flows back to the first water tank 6 and forms circulation loop.
S6. there are two types of modes for the heating of battery 16, and first way is: it is right that controller opens the first PTC auxiliary heater 15
Battery 16 is heated.The second way is: when condenser 8 is in running order, controller controls water pump 19, heat exchanger 11
It is opened with check valve 4, the heat absorption that liquid releases condenser 8 in heat exchanger 11 puts battery 16 after flowing through check valve 4
Heat, if shortage of heat battery 16 is heated to required temperature, is opened the first PTC auxiliary heater 15 and assisted battery 16
Heating.
S7. there are two types of modes for the heating of motor 18, and first way is: it is right that controller opens the 2nd PTC auxiliary heater 17
Motor 18 is heated.The second way is: when condenser 8 is in running order, controller controls water pump 19, heat exchanger 11
It is opened with check valve 5, the heat absorption that liquid releases condenser 8 in heat exchanger 11 puts motor 18 after flowing through check valve 5
Heat, if shortage of heat motor 18 is heated to required temperature, is opened the 2nd PTC auxiliary heater 17 and assisted motor 18
Heating.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any changes made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, modification, substitution, combination etc. should all
For equivalent substitute mode, it is included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of thermal management system of electric automobile based on information fusion, which is characterized in that produced including assessment indicator system, system
Thermal model, sensor module, information convergence platform and electronic control system；
The assessment indicator system includes that course continuation mileage model, dynamic model and energy consumption parameter model, assessment indicator system are used for
Comprehensive analysis electric car course continuation mileage, dynamic property and economy；
The system heat production model includes motor heat production model, battery heat production model and air-conditioning system heat production model；According to sensing
The real time data of device module monitors, the heat production model by motor in system heat production model, battery and air-conditioning system are right respectively
The quantity of heat production of the heat producing components of electric car is calculated in real time；
The sensor module includes temperature sensor, humidity sensor, pressure sensor, current sensor, voltage sensor,
The temperature sensor and humidity sensor are arranged at motor, battery, air-conditioning system and environment inside car, for real-time detection electricity
The temperature and humidity of the operating temperature of mechanical, electrical pond and air conditioning system components, humidity and environment inside car；The pressure sensor
Environment in the car is set, drives indoor air pressure for monitoring；The current sensor and voltage sensor setting are mechanical, electrical in electricity
The electric current and voltage input output position of pond and air conditioning system components；
The information convergence platform is by the analysis result of assessment indicator system, the calculated result and sensor die of system heat production model
Data in block interact comparison, and the data extracting sensor module and monitoring are merged using Kalman filtering method；
The data extracted in the electronic control system combining information convergence platform and the electricity that electronic control system is recorded are mechanical, electrical
The optimum working temperature in pond compares, in the case where meeting autoist to vehicle interior temperature, speed, Utilization assessment index system
The regulation parameter that the most suitable operating temperature of motor, battery is calculated with system heat production model, passes through expert system, fuzzy logic control
Theory issues control signal to the controller in refrigeration system and heating system.
2. the thermal management system of electric automobile according to claim 1 based on information fusion, which is characterized in that the continuation of the journey
Mileage model is used to calculate course continuation mileage, and the model is as follows:
S=3600uW η/P
P is the output power of motor, unit W in formula；M is complete vehicle quality, unit mg；G is acceleration of gravity, takes 9.8m/
s2；CDFor coefficient of air resistance；A is front face area, unit m2；R is rolling radius, unit m；U is speed, unit m/
s；ηrFor gearing factor ratio；I is drive line ratio；F is coefficient of rolling resistance ratio；S is course continuation mileage, unit m；η is motor
Efficiency；W is battery capacity, unit Wh.
3. the thermal management system of electric automobile according to claim 1 based on information fusion, which is characterized in that the power
Model is the effective power of power battery output:
Wherein, PeFor the effective power of battery output, U is battery pack end voltage, and I is battery pack end electric current, ηtotalIt is total for battery
Efficiency, m are complete vehicle quality, and α is the angle of the gradient, and u is speed, CDFor coefficient of air resistance, A is front face area, FfTo roll resistance
Power, FwFor air drag, FiFor grade resistance, FjFor acceleration resistance, a is vehicle acceleration.
4. the thermal management system of electric automobile according to claim 1 based on information fusion, which is characterized in that the energy consumption
Parameter model is mainly hundred kilometers of power consumption:
In formula, E is hundred kilometers of power consumption, PeFor the power of battery, unit W；M complete vehicle quality, unit mg；U is speed, unit
For m/s.
5. the thermal management system of electric automobile according to claim 1 based on information fusion, which is characterized in that the battery
Heat production model mainly uses Bernardi battery rate of heat production's model:
In formula, q is battery rate of heat production；I is charging current, and when electric discharge takes negative value；U is battery cell end voltage；U0For battery electricity
Kinetic potential, numerically equal to open-circuit voltage；T is the mean temperature of battery.
6. the thermal management system of electric automobile according to claim 1 based on information fusion, which is characterized in that motor work
When, the heat that motor inside generates is mainly derived from winding heat production, winding quantity of heat production Q are as follows:
Q=∫ I2rdt
In formula, I is winding phase current, and r is winding phase resistance, and t is the motor working time.
7. the thermal management system of electric automobile according to claim 1 based on information fusion, which is characterized in that the air-conditioning
The production of the predominantly compressor, condenser, evaporator, heat exchanger, air-conditioning heating core and PTC auxiliary heater of system heat production model
Thermal model, specifically, air-conditioning system heat production model mainly includes the heat production model with lower component:
Compressor refrigerating capacity are as follows:
Wherein, q0For unit refrigerating capacity, unit kJ/kg；N is compressor rotary speed, unit r/min；λ is gas transmission coefficient；v1For
Inspiratory volume, unit m3/kg；VhFor compressor displacement, unit is；
The equation of heat balance and heat transfer equation of condenser:
QK=3600V ρ c (t0-ti)
QK=KF Δ tm
In formula, V is cooling medium volume fluid, unit m3/h；ρ is the density of cooling medium, unit kg/m3；C is cooling
The specific heat at constant pressure of medium, unit are kJ/ (kgK)；t0And tiThe respectively temperature of cooling medium inlet and outlet, unit K；K
For the heat transfer coefficient of condenser, unit is W/ (m2·K)；F is the heat transfer area of condenser, unit m2；ΔtmFor average log
Heat transfer temperature difference, unit K；
In Evaporator, the evaporation and heat-exchange equation of refrigerant side are as follows:
Q0=αiFi(ti-t0)
In formula, αiCoefficient of heat transfer when evaporating for evaporator tube inner refrigerant, unit are W/ (m2·K)；FiFor conduct heat the gross area,
Unit is m2；t0And tiRespectively inlet and outlet medium temperature, unit K；The fluid interchange equation of air side are as follows:
Q1=Ga(hai-ha0)=ξ α0F0(tai-ta0)
In formula, ξ is moisture absorption coefficient；α0For air side sensible heat transfer coefficient, unit is W/ (m2·K)；F0For conduct heat effective area,
Unit is m2；taiFor air side mean temperature, unit K；ta0For mean temperature in evaporator tube, unit K；
The heat transfer equation of heat exchanger are as follows:
Qk=kF θm
In formula, k is the heat transfer coefficient of heat exchanger, and unit is W/ (m2·K)；F is the heat transfer area of heat exchanger, unit m2；θmFor
Logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD), unit K；
The heat production model of air-conditioning heating core and PTC auxiliary heater are as follows:
In formula, P is heating power；Real work voltage when U is heating, unit V；R is adding thermal resistance, unit Ω；For
Dissipation factor, unit are W/ DEG C；T is heating core or the temperature of PTC；T0For environment temperature.
8. the thermal management system of electric automobile according to claim 1 based on information fusion, which is characterized in that the refrigeration
System includes compressor, condenser and evaporator etc.；Heating system includes heat exchanger, air-conditioning heating core and PTC auxiliary heater.
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