CN110253108B - Welding method for B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel - Google Patents

Welding method for B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel Download PDF

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CN110253108B
CN110253108B CN201910631804.4A CN201910631804A CN110253108B CN 110253108 B CN110253108 B CN 110253108B CN 201910631804 A CN201910631804 A CN 201910631804A CN 110253108 B CN110253108 B CN 110253108B
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welding
steel
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grade steel
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CN110253108A (en
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徐仁
邓卫国
黄永忠
覃祖革
赵大军
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Cssc Guijiang Shipbuilding Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/0026—Arc welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys

Abstract

The invention provides a welding method of B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: through multilayer and multi-pass welding sequence, different layers of welding passes adopt proper welding parameters to control temperature and heat input to weld B-grade steel +316L dissimilar steel, and the welding method comprises the following steps: 1) selecting welding conditions, and 2) assembling a groove form; 3) and (7) welding. The welding method of B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel provided by the invention solves the problems that welding deformation is easy to occur in welding of dissimilar materials and the quality of a welding seam is difficult to guarantee, can be operated in butt welding of different plate thicknesses, has high production efficiency and strong applicability, and can be popularized and used.

Description

Welding method for B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a welding method of B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel.
Background
The existing B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel not only has larger difference in components and performance, but also has larger difference in welding materials, and if the used welding method is unreasonable, the welding joint is easy to have defects of cracks, air holes, slag inclusion and the like. 316L steel belongs to austenitic stainless steel, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is small, the characteristic that the coefficient of linear expansion is large, the welding seam is under the constraint state while welding, the residual stress of the postweld joint is large, so it is very easy to produce the welding deformation in the course of welding, will appear obviously and flex and deform when the sheet metal welds especially; due to the inherent characteristics of the materials, when the B-grade steel and the 316L dissimilar steel are subjected to shielded metal arc welding, the welding seam quality is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a welding method of B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel, and aims to solve the problems that welding deformation is easy to occur in welding of dissimilar materials, and the quality of a welding seam is difficult to guarantee. The invention is also suitable for the installation joint and welding construction of the transition joint for butt joint of the steel plates.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effect, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a welding method of B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel, which is used for welding the B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel by adopting proper welding parameters to control temperature and heat input in different welding passes through a multi-layer and multi-channel welding sequence, and comprises the following specific steps of:
1) welding condition selection
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The welding equipment is selected: selecting a direct-current electrode arc welding machine YD-400AT3 HV;
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the welding materials are selected as follows: selecting a stainless steel welding rod TS309 with the diameter of 3.2mm or 4.0 mm;
2) groove form and assembly
Figure 828483DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The butt joint of the B-level steel plate and the stainless steel 316L dissimilar steel is installed in an angle joint mode, the installation control gap is less than or equal to 2mm, and positioning, reinforcing and fixing are carried out;
Figure 572317DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
beveling the plate seams in a machining mode, wherein the bevel angle is 70-80 degrees, and grinding bevels on all surfaces to expose the metallic luster of the raw materials;
3) welding of
Figure 962321DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel butt joint adopts multilayer multi-pass welding, and the welding parameters are shown in table 1 or table 2;
Figure 833325DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
multilayer and multi-pass welding is carried out on the front surface, carbon arc air gouging back gouging is carried out on the back surface, and grinding is carried out by a grinding wheel machine after back gouging until the metal luster is exposed;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
the back groove is also welded by a plurality of layers and a plurality of channels which are symmetrical with the front surface:
table 1: welding parameters of horizontal butt joint of B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Table 2: welding parameters of vertical butt joint of B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Preferably, in the step 3), the interlayer temperature of each layer is controlled below 100 ℃.
The invention has the advantages that:
according to the process method for welding the ship steel plate and the austenitic stainless steel 316L together, the welding of the B-grade steel and the 316L dissimilar steel is carried out through the welding sequence of multiple layers and multiple channels and different welding passes by adopting proper welding parameters to control the temperature and heat input, so that the problems that the welding deformation is easy to occur in the welding of the dissimilar materials and the welding seam quality is difficult to guarantee are solved. The welding method of the invention ensures that the product has practical operability and can meet the requirement of batch use, a special welding process is formulated through a plurality of times of welding tests at a plurality of angles, and the actual use effect is finally achieved through mechanical property test analysis and the like. The construction method can play a role in guiding and referring to the same product. The all-position welding construction of CCSB and 316L dissimilar materials, the butt welding of the X-shaped groove SMAW of austenitic steel and AB/B dissimilar steel and the butt welding of different plate thicknesses can be operated, the production efficiency is high, the applicability is strong, and the method can be popularized and used.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the installation structure of B-grade steel +316L dissimilar steel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a groove in the horizontal butt joint in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a weld in a horizontal butt joint according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of grooves in vertical butt joint in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a weld joint in vertical butt joint in example 2 of the present invention;
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail by embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A welding method for horizontal butt joint of B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel is structurally shown in figure 1. The thickness of the B-grade steel and the 316L dissimilar steel can be any thickness steel plate in the range of 3.0mm-50.0mm, in the embodiment, the thickness of the B-grade steel plate is preferably 20mm-25mm, the thickness of the 316L dissimilar steel plate is preferably 25mm, and the specific welding method is as follows:
1) welding condition selection
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The welding equipment is selected: selecting a direct current electrode arc welding machine YD-400AT3 HV;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the welding materials are selected as follows: selecting a stainless steel welding rod with the diameter of 3.2mm or 4.0mm, and marking as TS309 (A302);
2) groove form and assembly
Figure 347876DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The butt joint of the B-level steel plate and the stainless steel 316L dissimilar steel is installed in an angle joint mode, the installation control gap is less than or equal to 2mm, and positioning, reinforcing and fixing are carried out;
Figure 951027DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
as shown in fig. 2, the plate seam is beveled in a machining mode, the bevel angle is 70-80 degrees, bevels on all surfaces are ground, and the metallic luster of the raw material is exposed;
3) welding of
The front groove is formed by multilayer multi-pass welding, the back carbon arc gouging back is performed, after being polished by a grinder, the back groove is also formed by multilayer multi-pass welding symmetrical to the front, the welding sequence of the front and the back and the construction sequence of each layer of welding bead are shown in figure 3, the middle numbers 1-22 represent the construction sequence numbers of the welding beads, and the corresponding specific welding process parameters refer to table 3.
Table 3: welding parameters of horizontal butt joint of B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
。
And (3) welding: two certified welders are matched, as shown in figure 2, according to the requirements of 80-degree V-shaped grooves, the thickness of a B-grade steel plate is 20mmmm, the thickness of a 316L dissimilar steel plate is 25mm, and an assembly gap is 0-2mm, the B-grade steel plate and the 316L dissimilar steel are assembled, and transverse reinforcement is performed on the B-grade steel plate and the 316L dissimilar steel to prevent deformation after welding; after the B-level steel plate and the stainless steel 316L dissimilar steel are assembled, the equipment and parameters are adjusted according to the requirements, and welding is carried out according to the process parameters of the welding current of 120-150A. Firstly, welding a front groove, welding 1-5 layers of the front according to the welding parameters, welding each layer according to a welding bead sequence number, and welding the first layer by adopting a welding rod with the diameter phi of 3.2mm and welding current of 120-130A; welding the rear 2-5 layers by using welding rods with the diameter phi of 4.0mm and welding current of 140-150A; during the period, the temperature between the layers of the weld beads is kept to be less than 100 ℃, the front face weld of the groove is completely welded by 5 layers, and the number of the weld beads on each layer and the sequence of the weld beads refer to table 3 and figure 3. As shown in fig. 3, the back of the groove is processed by carbon arc gouging, the groove is polished by a grinder until the metallic luster is exposed, the symmetrical welding of the back groove is continued, 6-10 layers of the front surface are welded according to the welding parameters, and each layer is welded according to the welding bead number.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the thickness of the B-grade steel plate is preferably 20mm-25mm, and the thickness of the 316L dissimilar steel plate is preferably 25mm, and the specific welding method is as follows:
1) welding condition selection
Figure 862613DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The welding equipment is selected: selecting a direct current electrode arc welding machine YD-400AT3 HV;
Figure 271729DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
the welding materials are selected as follows: selecting a stainless steel welding rod with the diameter of 3.2mm or 4.0mm, and marking as TS309 (A302);
2) groove form and assembly
Figure 894648DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The butt joint of the B-grade steel plate and the stainless steel 316L dissimilar steel is installed in an angle joint mode, the installation control gap is less than or equal to 2mm, and positioning, reinforcing and fixing are carried out;
Figure 245863DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
as shown in fig. 4, the plate seam is beveled in a machining mode, the bevel angle is 70-75 degrees, bevels on all surfaces are ground, and the metallic luster of the raw material is exposed;
3) welding of
The front groove is formed by multilayer multi-pass welding, the back carbon arc gouging back is performed, after being polished by a grinder, the back groove is also formed by multilayer multi-pass welding symmetrical to the front, the welding sequence of the front and the back and the construction sequence of each layer of welding bead are shown in figure 5, the corresponding specific welding process parameters refer to a table 4, and the middle numbers 1-8 represent the construction sequence numbers of the welding beads.
Table 4: welding parameters of vertical butt joint of B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
。
And (3) welding: two certified welders are matched, as shown in figure 4, according to the requirements of 75-degree V-shaped grooves, the thickness of a B-grade steel plate is 25mmmm, the thickness of a 316L dissimilar steel plate is 25mm, and an assembly gap is 0-2mm, the B-grade steel plate and the 316L dissimilar steel are assembled, and transverse reinforcement is performed on the B-grade steel plate and the 316L dissimilar steel to prevent deformation after welding; after the B-level steel plate and the 316L stainless steel are assembled, the equipment and parameters are adjusted according to the requirements, and welding is carried out according to the process parameters of the welding current of 100-130A. Firstly, welding a front groove, welding 1-2 layers of the front according to the welding parameters, welding each layer according to a welding bead sequence number, and welding the first layer by adopting a welding rod with the diameter phi of 3.2mm and welding current of 100-110A; welding a 2 nd layer by adopting a welding rod with the diameter phi of 4.0mm and welding current of 120-130A, wherein the layer has 3 welding passes; during the period, the interlayer temperature of the weld bead is kept to be less than 100 ℃, the weld joint on the front side of the groove is completely welded in 2 layers, as shown in figure 3, the back side of the groove is subjected to back gouging by a carbon arc gouging, the groove is polished by a grinder until the metallic luster is exposed, the symmetrical welding of the groove on the back side is continued, 3-4 layers on the front side are welded according to the welding parameters, and each layer is welded according to the weld bead sequence number.
Appearance inspection, X-ray photography, and mechanical property test were performed on the welding effect of example 1-2.
1. Appearance inspection (evaluation criteria: GB/T3802-1997):
Figure 100002_DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
x-ray radiographs (evaluation criteria: GB/T3558-94):
after X-ray shooting, the welding seam has no defects of slag inclusion, pores, cracks and the like, and the quality evaluation of the welding seam is qualified.
3. Mechanical property test (evaluation criteria: GJB64.1A-97):
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
according to the detection results, the appearance, the internal quality and the mechanical property of the welding joint all meet the requirements of relevant standards.

Claims (2)

1. A welding method of B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel is characterized in that: through the welding sequence of multiple layers and multiple tracks, the welding of B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel is carried out by adopting proper welding parameters to control temperature and heat input in different layers of welding passes, and the specific welding method is as follows:
1) welding condition selection
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The welding equipment is selected: selecting a direct current electrode arc welding machine YD-400AT3 HV;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the welding materials are selected as follows: selecting a stainless steel welding rod TS309 with the diameter of 3.2mm or 4.0 mm;
2) assembling positioning and groove form
Figure 994229DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The butt joint of the B-level steel plate and the stainless steel 316L dissimilar steel is installed in an angle joint mode, the installation control gap is less than or equal to 2mm, and positioning, reinforcing and fixing are carried out;
Figure 757042DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
beveling the plate seams in a machining mode, wherein the bevel angle is 70-80 degrees, and grinding bevels on all surfaces to expose the metallic luster of the raw materials;
3) welding of
Figure 5620DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel butt joint adopts multilayer multi-pass welding, and the welding parameters are shown in table 1 or table 2;
Figure 243572DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
multilayer and multi-pass welding is carried out on the front surface, carbon arc air gouging back gouging is carried out on the back surface, and grinding is carried out by a grinding wheel machine after back gouging until the metal luster is exposed;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
the back groove opening also adopts multilayer multi-pass welding symmetrical to the front surface:
table 1: welding parameters of horizontal butt joint of B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Table 2: welding parameters of vertical butt joint of B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
。
2. A welding method of B-grade steel and 316L dissimilar steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3), the interlayer temperature of each layer is controlled below 100 ℃.
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CN110587079B (en) * 2019-10-24 2021-08-06 青岛磊金德冲压件有限公司 Method for arc welding of stainless steel and dissimilar materials

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