CN110250342B

CN110250342B - Method for mildew-proof and fresh-keeping of alfalfa silage by purple perilla

Info

Publication number: CN110250342B
Application number: CN201910651678.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄逸心; 高久知; 周永骋; 李天奥; 蒋纯军
Original assignee: Chongqing Super Science & Technology Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Chongqing Super Science & Technology Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-07-18
Filing date: 2019-07-18
Publication date: 2023-01-10
Anticipated expiration: 2039-07-18
Also published as: CN110250342A

Abstract

The invention provides a method for mildew-proof preservation of alfalfa silage by purple perilla, which comprises the following steps: (1) Before sowing, uniformly mixing 0.5-2kg of alfalfa seeds and 0.1-1.5kg of perilla seeds per mu to obtain mixed seeds, and sowing the mixed seeds into a pasture field; (2) Or immediately and independently sowing the perilla seeds 0.1-1.5 kg/mu after harvesting the previous batch of alfalfa so that the perilla and the alfalfa grow simultaneously; (3) When harvesting, the purple perilla and the alfalfa are harvested at the same time, and bound conventionally. According to the method for mildew-proof preservation of alfalfa silage by purple perilla provided by the invention, as the main component of the essential oil contained in the stems and leaves of purple perilla is terpenoid, the terpenoid has strong effects of killing fungi, mildew and the like, and is slowly released from plant leaves, so that pasture grass can be effectively prevented from mildewing for a long time.

Description

Method for mildew-proof preservation of alfalfa silage by purple perilla

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of silage processing, and particularly relates to a method for mildew-proof and fresh-keeping of alfalfa silage by purple perilla.

Background

With the increasing demand of the population of China on the products of animal husbandry year by year, the requirements of the breeding industry on the pasture products and the quality are also improved. The research work of experts on realizing the high quality and high yield of alfalfa, namely the king of pasture, has been greatly developed, and the problem of regulating the pasture of alfalfa in seasons and regions is gradually highlighted.

In the past, fresh alfalfa is mostly dried and then pressed and bundled for transportation or storage. Obviously, when alfalfa is used in the sun, the pasture can lose some nutrients such as vitamins and the like, animals do not like to eat the pasture, and the problems of fever and mildew are inevitable when the pasture is bundled, transported or stored. Turning to the ensiling mode, the bundled and ensiled pasture often generates heat and mildews, loses nutrient components, also affects the taste of animals, and even causes diseases such as diarrhea and the like. In recent years, lactic acid bacteria fermentation has been used to prevent mildew, but the production technology is complicated, although there are many advantages. Many grass consumers do not adopt the method that a certain amount of chemical preservatives, such as solid preservatives benzoic acid, salicylic acid, ammonium propionate, urea or liquid preservatives propionic acid, formaldehyde, acetic acid and the like, are mixed into the grass and then bundled; because the first few materials are mixed with the pasture, the difference of the properties of the materials is great, and the materials are not easy to be mixed uniformly; the mildew is still hard to avoid when the preservative is not used; the latter liquid preservatives are adopted, and more preservatives are needed if the surfaces of the pastures are all sprayed in place; the consumption of the preservative is large, the cost is increased, and the pasture has bad tastes of bitterness, astringency, acidity and the like, so that the food of animals is influenced, and even the gastrointestinal health of the animals is injured. Particularly, some preservatives are easy to volatilize and even have chemical reaction (such as formaldehyde) loss with pasture, and the problem of local mildew is difficult to avoid at the preservative loss part during long-term silage; in a word, the method of adding the chemical preservative not only has high raw material cost, needs to consume a large amount of labor force during mixing work and increases the cost, but also is difficult to avoid local mildew and has undesirable effect. In order to better solve the problem of the ensiling of the alfalfa feed, chemical preservatives are not added in the process of storing and transporting the ensiling, the ensiling can be stored for a long time without mildewing, and meanwhile, the operation is simple and convenient, and the cost is low.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for mildew-proof and fresh-keeping of alfalfa ensilage by using purple perilla.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for mildew-proof preservation of alfalfa silage by purple perilla comprises the following steps:

(1) Before sowing, uniformly mixing 0.5-2kg of alfalfa seeds and 0.1-1.5kg of perilla seeds per mu to obtain mixed seeds, and uniformly sowing the mixed seeds into a pasture field;

(2) Or immediately and independently sowing the perilla seeds 0.1-1.5 kg/mu after harvesting the previous batch of alfalfa so that the perilla and the alfalfa grow simultaneously;

(3) When harvesting, the purple perilla and the alfalfa are harvested at the same time and bundled conventionally.

Further, the alfalfa is selected from one of the following varieties: alfalfa, alfalfa king, flying horse, crown, WL-323, apex, 323UF, CW200, CW201, CW360, CW444, CW400 and alfalfa number one.

Further, the perilla is ruffle or perillaseed.

When sowing alfalfa seeds, adding a proper amount of perilla seeds into the alfalfa seeds, uniformly mixing, scattering the mixture into a field together, wherein the alfalfa and the perilla grow simultaneously, and the perilla is uniformly distributed in alfalfa; when the purple perilla and the alfalfa are harvested, the purple perilla essential oil and the alfalfa are harvested at the same time, and the purple perilla essential oil is uniformly dispersed in the pasture along with the alfalfa. Because the essential oil of the perilla frutescens is slowly released in a gas form, after the alfalfa grass and the perilla frutescens are bundled, the bactericidal essential oil gas exists everywhere in gaps of the bundled pasture grass, and the bactericidal and antiseptic effects are exerted for a long time, so that the pasture grass can be kept fresh for a long time.

The method for mildew-proof and fresh-keeping of alfalfa silage by purple perilla provided by the invention only needs to bundle the harvested pasture as usual.

The invention also provides another method for mildew-proof and fresh-keeping of alfalfa ensilage by using purple perilla, which comprises the following steps: laying the alfalfa to be preserved into a layer, and laying a perilla layer on the alfalfa layer; or, laying a layer of purple perilla, laying a layer of alfalfa to be preserved on the purple perilla layer, stacking the alfalfa and the purple perilla at intervals until 10-20 wt% of purple perilla is added into the alfalfa to be preserved, and bundling the alfalfa and the purple perilla by a conventional method. Generally, each bag is 50-100kg, so that the transportation is convenient.

Furthermore, the thickness of the alfalfa layer is 5-25cm, and the thickness of the perilla layer is 5-15cm.

Further, the perilla is ruffle or perillaseed. Wherein, newly reaped perilla, namely fresh perilla essential oil is not lost, and the effects of mildew prevention and fresh preservation are better.

The stem and leaf of perilla has strong antiseptic function, the stem and leaf of perilla contains 0.3-0.7% of essential oil, and the main components of the stem and leaf of perilla are terpenoids containing monoterpene perillaldehyde, perillyl alcohol alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, alpha-terpene alcohol, elemene, perillyl ketone, limonene, fusel alcohol, menthol, perilla ketone, eugenol and the like. The compounds are completely nontoxic and harmless to animals, have small molecules and high volatility, can be slowly released from stems and leaves of the perilla frutescens, have strong fungicidal and mould-killing effects, and are effective for a long time.

Besides the volatile components, the stem and leaf of the perilla are rich in nutrition. The purple perilla tender leaves contain rich beta-carotene (9-10 mg/100 g) and vitamin B2, and also contain 16 flavonoid compounds. Perilla seed contains 35-50% of oil, perilla oil contains 50-70% of alpha-linolenic acid, and other components are linoleic acid, oleic acid and phytosterol, which are essential nutrients for animals. Meanwhile, the feed additive also contains various mineral elements required by animals such as Ca, na, mg, fe, zn, cu, mn and the like, and particularly, an inhibitor for inducing interferon and supplementing phosphorin and xanthine oxide can be separated from stems and leaves of the purple perilla. The compounds are excellent animal nutrition health products.

The Perillae herba can stimulate appetite of animals. The perilla stem and leaf has fragrant smell, no bitter, astringent and sour taste, good taste, rich nutrition and capability of enhancing the appetite of animals.

The purple perilla is used as the mildew-proof preservative of the fresh alfalfa, and the human health care products are skillfully used for the mildew-proof preservation of the pasture.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the method for mildew-proof and fresh-keeping of alfalfa silage by using purple perilla, provided by the invention, as the purple perilla stems and leaves contain 0.3-0.7% of essential oil and the main component is terpenoid, the compounds have strong effects of killing fungi, mildew and the like and are slowly released from plant leaves, so that the pasture can be effectively prevented from mildewing for a long time.

2. The perilla stem and leaf has fragrant smell, no bitter, astringent and sour taste and good taste, and can enhance the appetite of animals.

3. The whole plant of the purple perilla has no waste, and the stem, the leaf and the seed of the purple perilla contain protein, polyunsaturated fatty acid, vitamin, flavone, phytosterol, trace elements and the like, and have no harmful substances. These substances can promote animal growth, improve animal immunity, and prevent diseases.

4. The perilla seeds and the grass seeds are uniformly mixed and planted in the field, so that the perilla and the grass can be automatically and uniformly mixed, and the mixing after harvesting is not needed, thereby saving the labor cost.

5. The mildew-proof fresh-keeping method does not use a chemical preservative, so that the cost is saved; the animal will not be harmed by chemical substances and is safe.

6. The invention is simple and convenient to operate and is suitable for any grower.

From the cost of the alfalfa ensiling preservation technology, by adopting the method, the cost (about 10 yuan per mu) except the cost of purchasing the perilla seeds is not increased; compared with the chemical preservation technology, the method is shown in table 1, and the cost of each mu of field is saved by 210-370 yuan. If the income obtained by increasing the number of the pasture due to the increase of the purple perilla is taken into account, the economic benefit is larger.

Table 1 shows the cost comparison between the method for preventing mildew and preserving freshness and the chemical corrosion prevention technology provided by the invention

Detailed Description

The process of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.

Example 1

A method for mildew-proof preservation of alfalfa silage by purple perilla comprises the following steps:

(1) 10 mu of pasture field, after leveling, uniformly mixing 15kg of alfalfa seeds and 4kg of perilla seeds, and uniformly scattering the mixture in the 10 mu of pasture field;

(2) Harvesting when the growth of the alfalfa grass and the perilla grass reaches the requirement (about three months), bundling according to the conventional method, and storing in a warehouse. When the feed is used before May of the next year, the mildew does not occur.

Example 2

(1) Uniformly mixing 16kg of alfalfa seeds and 3.5kg of perilla seeds in a flat grassland of 10 mu, and then uniformly sowing the mixture into the field;

(2) Harvesting after three months of growth, bundling according to a conventional method, storing in a warehouse, and storing until the feed is used before three months in the next year without mildewing and rotting.

Example 3

(1) Leveling 10 mu of grassland, uniformly mixing 14kg of alfalfa seeds and 2.5kg of perilla seeds, and uniformly sowing the mixture into the land;

(2) Harvesting after three months of growth, bundling and warehousing as usual, and no mildew appears after four months.

Example 4

(1) Uniformly sowing 3kg of perillaseed into 10 mu of alfalfa grassland which is just harvested;

(2) When the alfalfa and the perilla frutescens grow for 3 and a half months, the alfalfa and the perilla frutescens are harvested at the same time, and are bundled and stored in a warehouse as usual. When the feed is used before being stored for April in the next year, no mildew and deterioration are found.

Example 5

The invention also provides another method for mildew-proof preservation of alfalfa silage by using purple perilla, which comprises the following steps:

the alfalfa grass and the perilla grass are dried conventionally before being bundled, and then the alfalfa grass and the perilla grass with the thickness of about 10 cm and the perilla with the thickness of about 3 cm are alternately paved, bundled conventionally and put in storage. When the feed is fed before February in the next year, no mildew and deterioration are caused.

In the embodiment, the purple perilla is not mixed in the alfalfa to be preserved, and the alfalfa needs to be used as the preservative and preservative agent, so that the alfalfa and the purple perilla can be prepared respectively; in addition, the upper and lower sequence of the laying of the alfalfa and the purple perilla can be random, and the alfalfa and the purple perilla can be laid firstly and then; or the purple perilla is firstly paved and then the alfalfa grass is paved, so long as the purple perilla and the alfalfa grass are paved alternately.

The variety of alfalfa in examples 1-5 may be one of alfalfa, alfalfa king, flying horse, crown, WL-323, zenith, 323UF, CW200, CW201, CW360, CW444, CW400, and alfalfa NO. one, or other varieties of alfalfa. The Perillae herba may be Perilla Frutescens Britt Var Acuta Thunb or Perilla frutescens Britt Var Acuta Thunb.

TABLE 2 comparative test for preservative effectiveness of alfalfa silage (Huang Ye county)

In a alfalfa field in yellow-Ye county, hebei, two mu of land is marked out to be used as an alfalfa ensiling preservative effect test, the comparison of purple perilla, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, propionic acid, ammonium propionate, formaldehyde and blank is tested, and the test result shows that: as shown in the alfalfa mildew prevention test result by using the chemical preservative, although the chemical preservative has certain effect, the treatment effect of five chemical preservatives is poor, wherein the first four chemical preservatives are caused by uneven mixing; the fifth type of formaldehyde treatment is poor in efficiency because the formaldehyde runs off and volatilizes continuously during the treatment process, and the areas that are not chemically treated are all mildewed. When treated by the perilla, 1000 kg of the perilla contains more than 5kg of beneficial and harmless essential oil, and has strong sterilizing performance, uniform distribution, slow release and long-term effectiveness. Due to the characteristics of the essential oil in the perilla, dead corners do not exist in the bale package by adopting the antiseptic treatment method provided by the invention, and the antiseptic rate is one hundred percent. The method only saves the purchase cost of chemical drugs and the labor cost required by mixing even if the income obtained by the weight increment of the purple perilla is not added, and the income can be increased by at least 210-370 yuan per mu of field.

Finally, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The method for mildew-proof preservation of alfalfa silage by purple perilla is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Before sowing, uniformly mixing 0.5-2kg of alfalfa seeds and 0.1-1.5kg of perilla seeds per mu to obtain mixed seeds, and sowing the mixed seeds into a pasture field;

(3) When harvesting, the purple perilla and the alfalfa are harvested at the same time, bundled conventionally and stored in a warehouse.

2. The method for mildew-proof preservation of alfalfa ensilage according to claim 1, characterized in that said alfalfa is selected from one of the following varieties: alfalfa, flying horse, crown, WL-323, apex, 323UF, CW200, CW201, CW360, CW444, and CW400.

3. The method for mildew-proof and fresh-keeping of alfalfa ensiling using purple perilla according to claim 1, wherein the purple perilla is purple fringed perilla or purple perilla.