CN110243701A - A kind of Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device and method - Google Patents
A kind of Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110243701A CN110243701A CN201910601567.7A CN201910601567A CN110243701A CN 110243701 A CN110243701 A CN 110243701A CN 201910601567 A CN201910601567 A CN 201910601567A CN 110243701 A CN110243701 A CN 110243701A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/22—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady torsional forces
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device and methods, it is related to rock mechanics experiment technical field, the device includes pedestal, first connection frame, second connection frame, twin shaft frame, load cylinder, axially loaded oil cylinder and bearing plate, base supports device noumenon, multiple twin shaft frames are provided between first connection frame and the second connection frame, load cylinder positioned opposite is respectively arranged on twin shaft frame along first direction and second direction, third direction is provided with axially loaded oil cylinder on first connection frame, the loading end of load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder is connected with bearing plate, rock sample is placed in the space that bearing plate surrounds;It carries out being drilled with anchor rod experiment and the test of anchor rod anchored rock mass failure by shear, anchor rod anchored rock mass torque failure test under the conditions of the simulated ground stress of rock sample using the device.The device and method realizes torsion and the shearing simulation of anchor rod anchored rock mass, also has many advantages, such as easy to operate, tests flexible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock mechanics experiment technical field, especially one kind can be used for Bolted Rock Masses torsion shear test
Experimental rig, and the method tested using the device.
Background technique
Due to suspension roof support simple process, economical and effective, it is widely used in deep tunnel and large-span underground chamber branch
Shield, the dam foundation of dam and dam abutment reinforcing, geotechnical slope reinforcing, deep basal pit retaining engineering and the fields such as water delivery and access tunnel.
A large amount of joint fissures present in engineering rock mass have seriously undermined rock mass strength, in the effect of Engineering Disturbance and initial rock stress field
Under, the potential slide mass of rock mass easily occurs to shear or reverse changing of the relative positions damage anchor structure, leads to engineering project disaster.Suspension roof support can be with
The distribution of betterment works rock mass stress, effective reinforcement engineering rock mass make full use of rock mass self-bearing capacity.Anchor pole is applied high pre-
Clamp force effectively can also inhibit joint further to develop, and form anchoring bearing structure with rock mass, make rock mass physical intensity to structure
Intensity transformation effectively controls the changing of the relative positions sliding of engineering rock mass.
In mineral industry, engineering surrounding rock deformation failure measured data and simulation test are studies have shown that occur in country rock
Failure by shear, block sliding and secondary shearing destruction be the basic reason for causing the extensive deformation failure of surrounding rock supporting structure,
Especially Jurassic Period, mudstone foundation is rich in Cretaceous Strata, rock is weak, and hydration swelling problem is serious, in large section roadway
The shearing slip phenomenon of country rock is more significant.In recent years, the research and development of novel high-strength, high ductibility, high impact toughness anchor pole make
New tool is provided with to solution engineering rock mass shearing slip, anchor pole is mainly reflected in the stability control effect of rock mass following
Three aspects: first, joints development is inhibited by high pretightening force;Second, by increasing interfacial friction, increase crack itself
Resistant slide ability;Third provides the resistance directly against crack relative movement.But it is limited to current method for testing and detecting,
It is difficult to scientifically simulate the sliding Evolution between Bolted Rock Masses and the cooperative transformation process with anchor pole, is an impediment to further take off
Show that anchor pole improves the mechanism of action of the anti-shearing sliding ability of country rock.
It is carried out currently, country rock shearing slip on-site test mainly passes through bore detecting means, monitoring is difficult, accuracy
Low, data extraction and analysis is complicated, is unfavorable for quantitative analysis and theoretical research.Laboratory test lacks the experimental rig of adaptation to anchoring
The shearing torsion problem of rock mass is tested.As the research and development of novel anchor rod use, performance to anchor pole and it is adapted to country rock
Property is put forward new requirements, and traditional subsection anchor rod detection method cannot be effectively tested the overall performance of various novel anchor rods,
The synergistic action effect of anchor pole and Bolted Rock Masses can not effectively be detected.Therefore, it is reversed to further promote Bolted Rock Masses to shear
Test and theoretical research, need more accurately to restore field working conditions in laboratory, and design is researched and developed a kind of anchor rod anchored
Rock mass torsional shear test device carries out integrality test for all kinds of anchored rock mass test specimens using the device, detects anchor pole anchor
Gu deformation-failure character of the rock mass under shearing or twisting action analyzes the coordination work of rock mass and anchor pole under complicated mechanical condition
Make mechanism, anchoring support is instructed to design.
Summary of the invention
To be drilled with anchor rod experiment and anchor rod anchored rock mass failure by shear quantitative test under the conditions of realization simulated ground stress,
The failure mechanism and feature of anchor rod anchored rock mass are studied in anchor rod anchored rock mass torque failure quantitative test, and the present invention provides one
Kind Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device and method, specific technical solution are as follows:
A kind of Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device, including pedestal, the first connection frame, the second connection frame, twin shaft frame,
Load cylinder, axially loaded oil cylinder and bearing plate, base supports device noumenon are arranged between the first connection frame and the second connection frame
There are multiple twin shaft frames;Load cylinder positioned opposite is respectively arranged on twin shaft frame along first direction and second direction;The
Third direction is provided with axially loaded oil cylinder on one connection frame;The loading end and bearing plate of load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder
It is connected, rock sample is placed in the space that the bearing plate surrounds.
Preferably, the upper surface of pedestal is provided with through slot, and the depth of through slot is greater than the exposed length after load cylinder installation
Degree;It is connected between first connection frame, the second connection frame and twin shaft frame by pillar, the both ends of pillar and the first connection frame and the
Two connection frames are connected and fixed;The pillar is passed through from the corner location of twin shaft frame.
It may further be preferable that the axially loaded oil cylinder that the middle part of the first connection frame is arranged along third direction is to the rock
Test specimen is loaded, and the first connection frame is fixed on the base;It is installed with gap between second connection frame and adjacent twin shaft frame,
There are test specimens to pass through space at the center of second connection frame.
It is also preferred that bearing plate includes torsion bearing plate, plane bearing plate and hollow bearing plate;The torsion bearing plate
Including connecting plate, load plate and connecting shaft, connecting plate is connected with the loading end of load cylinder, is provided between connecting plate and load plate
Connecting shaft;The hollow bearing plate is arranged on axially loaded oil cylinder;Installation torsion bearing plate or plane bearing plate on load cylinder;
Strain gauge is provided on the bearing plate.
It is also preferred that twin shaft frame is in rectangle, 4 load cylinders being arranged on twin shaft frame are arranged in four edges
On;Slide rail of the load cylinder on twin shaft frame is moved along side length direction.
It is also preferred that twin shaft frame is in rectangle, be respectively set on the four edges of twin shaft frame 1 or 2 or multiple plus
Oil cylinder is carried, slide rail of the load cylinder on twin shaft frame is moved along side length direction.
It is still further preferred that being provided with 3 twin shaft frames, each twin shaft between the first connection frame and the second connection frame
The load cylinder being arranged on frame is independent to load test specimen, and the load width of each twin shaft frame is equal or differs 30~150mm.
A kind of test method of anchor rod anchored rock mass is carried out using a kind of above-mentioned Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device
Test, step include:
Step A1The simulation test specimen or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen for making analog material, will simulate surface of test piece
It polishes flat, simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and are put into test specimen from second connection frame one end and are held
The load space that pressing plate surrounds;
Step B1Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder are simulated practical tunnel crustal stress, are led to simultaneously to simulation test specimen load
It crosses jumbolter and beats armature boring on simulation test specimen along third direction from second connection frame one end, record anchor pole in boring procedure
The torque of drilling machine, revolving speed, rate of penetration and stress, deformation and the degree of impairment of simulating test specimen;
Step C1Anchor pole and Anchor Agent are imported in drilling simultaneously, after Anchor Agent solidification, passes through anchor rod pallet board and nut
Fixing anchor bar simultaneously applies pretightning force, completes anchoring.
A kind of method of anchor rod anchored Rockmass shear test utilizes a kind of above-mentioned Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device
It is tested, step includes:
Step A2The simulation test specimen or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen for making analog material, will simulate surface of test piece
It polishes flat, simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and are put into test specimen from second connection frame one end and are held
The load space that pressing plate surrounds;
Step B2Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder are simulated practical tunnel crustal stress, are led to simultaneously to simulation test specimen load
It crosses jumbolter and beats armature boring on simulation test specimen along third direction from second connection frame one end;
Step C2Anchor pole and Anchor Agent are imported in drilling simultaneously, after Anchor Agent solidification, passes through anchor rod pallet board and nut
Fixing anchor bar simultaneously applies pretightning force, completes anchoring, obtains anchor rod anchored rock sample;
Step D2Positive load of the load cylinder on the 1 twin shaft frame in middle part along first direction or second direction;Middle part
Load cylinder on the twin shaft frame of twin shaft frame two sides is sheared anchor rod anchored along first direction or the Opposite side loading of second direction
Rock sample;
Step E2Be persistently loaded onto rock sample destroy record shearing loading procedure in rock sample stress, displacement and
Damage situation of change.
A kind of method of anchor rod anchored rock mass torsion test, utilizes a kind of above-mentioned Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device
It is tested, step includes:
Step A3The simulation test specimen or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen for making analog material, will simulate surface of test piece
It polishes flat, simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and are put into test specimen from second connection frame one end and are held
The load space that pressing plate surrounds;
Step B3Armature boring is beaten on simulation test specimen along third direction from second connection frame one end by jumbolter,
Anchor pole and Anchor Agent are imported in drilling simultaneously, after Anchor Agent solidification, by anchor rod pallet board and nut fixing anchor bar and applied
Pretightning force completes anchoring, obtains anchor rod anchored rock sample;
Step C3The twin shaft frame for loading twisting resistance is equipped with torsion bearing plate, and torsion bearing plate is in a first direction with the
It is staggeredly loaded on two directions, alternate directions is all clockwise or counterclockwise on first direction and second direction;
Step D3Be persistently loaded onto rock sample destroy record torsion loading procedure in rock sample stress, displacement and
Damage situation of change.
The beneficial effect comprise that
(1) Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device provided by the invention, is utilized the group of twin shaft frame and load cylinder
Stress load in the two-dimensional surface in structure realization first direction and second direction is closed, has been used up in third party axially loaded
Oil cylinder loads it, this kind load can simulate true ground stress environment, in addition the first connection frame and the second connection frame
Between multiple twin shaft frames be set carry out load respectively and can simulate complicated ground stress environment, different load cylinders passes through more
A bearing plate loads test specimen, while bearing plate also limits rock sample.
(2) it may be implemented to add the two-dimensional surface of rock sample by the way that load cylinder is arranged on the twin shaft frame of the device
It carries, and each load cylinder loads respectively, truly stress condition can preferably be simulated by acting synergistically;Axially loaded oil cylinder
May be implemented vertically axially loaded with the two-dimensional surface, simulate force-bearing of surrounding rock mass situation on anchor pole direction, load cylinder at
Pair setting can with collective effect correct rock sample bias, armature boring can also be allowed to be maintained in test testing machine
Shaft core position;Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder load on five directions, to realize test specimen " load of five faces, one side
Face sky " practical country rock ground stress environment simulation.
(3) since device entirety stress is larger, pedestal can play guarantee during simulated ground stress and rockbolt stress
The stable function of device;Device can preferably be fixed by connecting each frame by pillar, realized and stablized load;Bearing plate passes through
With change plane bearing plate apply plane load, replacement torsion bearing plate can be convenient realization torsion load, hollow bearing plate and
The combination of axially loaded oil cylinder can prevent from damaging load cylinder in jumbolter boring procedure;It is set in each edge of twin shaft frame
The setting for setting the load width of transportable load cylinder and twin shaft frame, can further improve device load
Flexibility.
(4) torsion and shearing test of anchor rod anchored rock mass test method provided by the invention and anchor rod anchored rock mass
Method is utilized the experimental rig and preferably simulates true ground stress environment, and realizes above-mentioned test by the device
Method the operation is more convenient, test can also repeat, have many advantages, such as operation control flexibly, fitting engineering it is practical.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device structural schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the front view of experimental rig;
Fig. 3 is the front view of another angle of experimental rig;
Fig. 4 is the side view of experimental rig;
Fig. 5 is the side view of another angle of experimental rig;
Fig. 6 is the top view of experimental rig;
Fig. 7 is twin shaft frame and load cylinder mounting structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 8 is plane bearing plate structural schematic diagram
Fig. 9 is torsion bearing plate structural schematic diagram;
Figure 10 is the second connecting frame structure schematic diagram;
Figure 11 is the top view of improved experimental rig
Figure 12 is improved twin shaft frame and load cylinder structural schematic diagram;
Figure 13 is rock sample shearing loading structure schematic diagram;
Figure 14 is test specimen shearing mechanism schematic diagram;
Figure 15 is rock sample torsion loading structure schematic diagram;
Figure 16 is test specimen torsion schematic illustration;
In figure: 1- pedestal;The first connection frame of 2-;The second connection frame of 3-;4- twin shaft frame;5- load cylinder;6- axially adds
Carry oil cylinder;7- bearing plate;8- pillar;9- rock sample;10- anchor pole;11- through slot;12- reverses bearing plate;13- plane pressure-bearing
Plate;The hollow bearing plate of 14-;15- connecting plate;16- load plate;17- connecting shaft;18- slide rail.
Specific embodiment
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 1 to Figure 16, a kind of Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device provided by the invention and method are specific
Embodiment is as follows.
The experimental rig that force-bearing of surrounding rock mass destroys in the case where testing desk research anchor rod anchored state, can only generally simulate small-sized
Simulation anchoring test specimen, test specimen pass through what equivalent material simulating directly made mostly, but in this case since simulation anchor pole is direct
It is arranged in analog material, therefore with actual anchor pole facilities there are biggish difference, and existing testing equipment
And the simulation that five faces load one faces empty practical roadway surrounding rock stress is not implemented.And research tunnel anchoring country rock by
When to phenomena such as horizontally stress influence fastening invalidation, still lacks effective simulation test device and it is carried out effectively to quantify mould
It is quasi-.Anchor rod anchored rock mass torsional shear test device provided by the invention is drilled with anchor pole examination under the conditions of can be realized simulated ground stress
Test and anchor rod anchored rock mass failure by shear quantitative test, anchor rod anchored rock mass torque failure quantitative test, to research anchor pole,
The failure mechanism of anchorage cable anchoring rock mass and theoretical research are of great significance.
Embodiment 1
Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device, as shown in Figures 1 to 6, structure include pedestal 1, the first connection frame 2,
Two connection frames 3, twin shaft frame 4, load cylinder 5, axially loaded oil cylinder 6 and bearing plate 7.4 He of twin shaft frame is utilized in the device
The composite structure of load cylinder 5 realizes stress load in the two-dimensional surface in first direction and second direction, on third direction
Axially loaded oil cylinder 6 has been used to load it, this kind load can simulate true ground stress environment, in addition the first connection
Multiple twin shaft frames 4 are arranged between frame 2 and the second connection frame 3 to carry out loading the ground stress environment that can simulate complexity respectively, no
Same load cylinder 5 loads test specimen by multiple bearing plates, while bearing plate 7 also limits rock sample.
Pedestal 1 supports experimental rig body construction, is provided with multiple twin shafts between the first connection frame 2 and the second connection frame 3
3 twin shaft frames 4 are at least arranged in frame 4, facilitate the tests such as completion shearing and torsion.Along first direction and on twin shaft frame 4
Two directions are respectively arranged with load cylinder 5 positioned opposite, and third direction is provided with axially loaded oil cylinder on the first connection frame 1
5, wherein first direction is the X-direction in figure, and second direction is the Y-direction in figure, and third direction is the Z-direction in figure.
The upper surface of pedestal 1 is provided with through slot, and the depth of through slot 11 is greater than the protruded length after load cylinder 5 is installed, to guarantee to add
Carry the installation of oil cylinder 5 and twin shaft frame 4.It is connected between first connection frame 2, the second connection frame 3 and twin shaft frame 4 by pillar 8,
The both ends of pillar 8 are connected and fixed with the first connection frame 2 and the second connection frame 3, and pillar 8 is passed through from the corner location of twin shaft frame 4,
Frame and twin shaft frame are fixedly connected with so as to preferably stable.The axis that the middle part of first connection frame 2 is arranged along third direction
Rock sample 9 is loaded to load cylinder 6, the first connection frame 2 can be fixed on pedestal 1.Second connection frame 3 with it is adjacent
Twin shaft frame 4 between be installed with gap, facilitate test operation, as shown in Figure 10, it is logical that there are test specimens the center of the second connection frame 3
Space is crossed, the installation of test specimen is facilitated.
The displacement sensor and strain gauge of original text precision, load oil are provided on load cylinder 5 and axially loaded oil cylinder 6
The loading end of cylinder 5 and axially loaded oil cylinder 6 is connected with bearing plate 7, and rock sample 9 is placed in the space that bearing plate 7 surrounds, more
A load cylinder 5 independently loads test specimen, and synergistic effect can be simulated between each load cylinder answers actually
Force environment.As shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9, bearing plate 7 includes torsion bearing plate 12, plane bearing plate 13 and hollow bearing plate 14, torsion
Bearing plate 12 includes connecting plate 15, load plate 16 and connecting shaft 17, and connecting plate 15 is connected with the loading end of load cylinder 4, connecting plate
Connecting shaft 17 is provided between 15 and load plate 16, so as to continue to load after realizing torsion.The hollow setting of bearing plate 14 exists
On axially loaded oil cylinder 6.Bearing plate 12 or plane bearing plate 13 are reversed in installation on load cylinder 5, are provided on bearing plate 7 high-precision
The strain gauge and displacement sensor of degree.
As shown in Fig. 7 or Figure 12, twin shaft frame 4 is in rectangle, and 4 load cylinders being arranged on twin shaft frame 4 are respectively arranged
On four edges, slide rail 18 of the load cylinder 6 on twin shaft frame is moved along side length direction, is flexibly added so as to realize
It carries.Twin shaft frame 4 is in rectangle, and 1 or 2 or multiple load cylinders 5 is respectively set on the four edges of twin shaft frame, can simulate
More complicated loading form, slide rail 18 of the load cylinder 5 on twin shaft frame 4 are moved along side length direction.In addition, twin shaft frame
Frame 4 can also in rectangle, square, hexagon or octagon etc., be perhaps arranged on each side for circle load cylinder or
Load cylinder is circumferentially uniformly set.3 twin shaft frames 4 are provided between first connection frame 2 and the second connection frame 3, it can
To realize basic shearing and torsion test, the load cylinder 5 being arranged on each twin shaft frame 4 is independent to load test specimen, each
The load width of twin shaft frame 4 is equal or differs 30~150mm, can replace twin shaft frame 4 according to different testing programs
Size is to carry out different types of simulation test.
A kind of test method of anchor rod anchored rock mass, in this method when simulating true ground stress environment, to anchor
The setting up procedure of bar carries out simulation test, is tested using a kind of above-mentioned Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device, step
Include:
Step A1The simulation test specimen of analog material is made, equivalent material simulating test specimen is using spoil, sand, gypsum, stone
The materials such as ash, cement according to a certain ratio made of analog material test specimen;Or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen, test specimen will be simulated
Surface polishes flat, and simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and puts from second connection frame one end by test specimen
Enter the load space that bearing plate surrounds.
Step B1Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder simulate practical tunnel crustal stress simultaneously to simulation test specimen load, more
A load cylinder loads respectively, and when multiple load cylinders are arranged, the different load combination of multiple load cylinders can simulate multiple
Miscellaneous ground stress environment;Armature boring is beaten on simulation test specimen along third direction from second connection frame one end by jumbolter,
The torque of jumbolter in boring procedure, revolving speed, rate of penetration and stress, deformation and the degree of impairment of simulating test specimen are recorded,
Quantitative study can be carried out to the process that is drilled with of armature boring by analysis.
Step C1Anchor pole and Anchor Agent are imported in drilling simultaneously, after Anchor Agent solidification, passes through anchor rod pallet board and nut
Fixing anchor bar simultaneously applies pretightning force, completes anchoring.
Embodiment 2
A kind of its structure of Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device include pedestal 1, the first connection frame 2, the second connection frame 3,
Twin shaft frame 4, load cylinder 5, axially loaded oil cylinder 6 and bearing plate 7.The wherein support of pedestal 1 experimental rig body construction, first
It is provided with multiple twin shaft frames 4 between connection frame 2 and the second connection frame 3,3 twin shaft frames 4 are at least set, completion is facilitated to shear
With torsion etc. test.Load cylinder 5 positioned opposite is respectively arranged on twin shaft frame 4 along first direction and second direction, the
Third direction is provided with axially loaded oil cylinder 5 on one connection frame 1, wherein first direction is the X-direction in figure, second direction
For the Y-direction in figure, third direction is the Z-direction in figure.The upper surface of pedestal 1 is provided with through slot, and the depth of through slot 11 is big
Protruded length after the installation of load cylinder 5, to guarantee the installation of load cylinder 5 and twin shaft frame 4.First connection frame 2,
It is connected between two connection frames 3 and twin shaft frame 4 by pillar 8, the both ends of pillar 8 and the first connection frame 2 and the second connection frame 3 connect
Fixation is connect, pillar 8 is passed through from the corner location of twin shaft frame 4, is fixedly connected with frame and twin shaft frame so as to preferably stable
Frame.The middle part of first connection frame 2 loads rock sample 9 along the axially loaded oil cylinder 6 that third direction is arranged, the first connection
Frame 2 can be fixed on pedestal 1.It is installed with gap between second connection frame 3 and adjacent twin shaft frame 4, facilitates test operation,
There are test specimens at the center of second connection frame 3 by space, facilitates the installation of test specimen.
The displacement sensor and strain gauge of original text precision, load oil are provided on load cylinder 5 and axially loaded oil cylinder 6
The loading end of cylinder 5 and axially loaded oil cylinder 6 is connected with bearing plate 7, and rock sample 9 is placed in the space that bearing plate 7 surrounds, more
A load cylinder 5 independently loads test specimen, and synergistic effect can be simulated between each load cylinder answers actually
Force environment.Bearing plate 7 includes torsion bearing plate 12, plane bearing plate 13 and hollow bearing plate 14, and torsion bearing plate 12 includes connecting
Fishplate bar 15, load plate 16 and connecting shaft 17, connecting plate 15 are connected with the loading end of load cylinder 4, connecting plate 15 and load plate 16 it
Between be provided with connecting shaft 17, so as to realize torsion after continue to load.Hollow bearing plate 14 is arranged in axially loaded oil cylinder 6
On.Bearing plate 12 or plane bearing plate 13 are reversed in installation on load cylinder 5, are provided with high-precision stress sensing on bearing plate 7
Device and displacement sensor.
Twin shaft frame 4 is in rectangle, and 4 load cylinders being arranged on twin shaft frame 4 are arranged on four edges, load oil
Slide rail 18 of the cylinder 6 on twin shaft frame is moved along side length direction, so as to realize flexible load.First connection frame, 2 He
It is provided with 3 twin shaft frames 4 between second connection frame 3, shearing and torsion test may be implemented, be arranged on each twin shaft frame 4
Load cylinder 5 it is independent test specimen is loaded, the load width of each twin shaft frame 4 is equal or 30~150mm of difference, according to difference
Testing program can replace various sizes of twin shaft frame 4 to carry out different types of simulation test.In addition when setting
It, can also be under equal conditions to the anchoring of anchor cable and shearing, torsion when experimental rig length reaches the test demand of anchor cable simulation
Capable simulation is rotated into, it can also be by the whole vertical placement of device, preferably in fact under test site and the suitable situation of appointed condition
Now simulate.
A kind of method of anchor rod anchored Rockmass shear test utilizes a kind of above-mentioned anchoring rock as shown in Figure 13 and Figure 14
Body torsional shear test device is tested, and step includes:
Step A1The simulation test specimen of analog material is made, equivalent material simulating test specimen is using spoil, sand, gypsum, stone
The materials such as ash, cement according to a certain ratio made of analog material test specimen;Or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen, test specimen will be simulated
Surface polishes flat, and simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and puts from second connection frame one end by test specimen
Enter the load space that bearing plate surrounds.
Step B2Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder simulate the crustal stress in practical tunnel simultaneously to simulation test specimen load,
Armature boring is beaten on simulation test specimen along third direction from one end of the second connection frame by jumbolter.
Step C2Anchor pole and Anchor Agent are imported in drilling simultaneously, after Anchor Agent solidification, passes through anchor rod pallet board and nut
Fixing anchor bar simultaneously applies pretightning force, completes anchoring, obtains anchor rod anchored rock sample.
Step D2Positive load of the load cylinder on the 1 twin shaft frame in middle part along first direction or second direction;Middle part
Load cylinder on the twin shaft frame of twin shaft frame two sides is sheared anchor rod anchored along first direction or the Opposite side loading of second direction
Rock sample.Particularly when load cylinder is along the positive load of first direction on the twin shaft frame at middle part, the twin shaft frame
Second direction on load cylinder continue according to specific demand load;Simultaneously the on the twin shaft frame of middle part twin shaft frame two sides
Load cylinder on the one direction load cylinder along the Opposite side loading of first direction, the second direction of twin shaft frame continue according to
Specific demand load, cooperate with the load cylinder on whole twin shaft frame first directions persistently load increase shearing up to test specimen by
To failure by shear.
Step E2Be persistently loaded onto rock sample destruction, record shearing loading procedure in rock sample stress, displacement and
Situation of change is damaged, quantitative study is carried out to the failure by shear of anchor rod anchored rock mass.
A kind of method of anchor rod anchored rock mass torsion test utilizes a kind of above-mentioned anchoring rock as shown in Figure 15 and Figure 16
Body torsional shear test device is tested, and step includes:
Step A1The simulation test specimen of analog material is made, equivalent material simulating test specimen is using spoil, sand, gypsum, stone
The materials such as ash, cement according to a certain ratio made of analog material test specimen;Or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen, test specimen will be simulated
Surface polishes flat, and simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and puts from second connection frame one end by test specimen
Enter the load space that bearing plate surrounds.
Step B3Armature boring is beaten on simulation test specimen along third direction from second connection frame one end by jumbolter,
Anchor pole and Anchor Agent are imported in drilling simultaneously, after Anchor Agent solidification, by anchor rod pallet board and nut fixing anchor bar and applied
Pretightning force completes anchoring, obtains anchor rod anchored rock sample.
Step C3The twin shaft frame for loading twisting resistance is equipped with torsion bearing plate, and torsion bearing plate is in a first direction with the
It is staggeredly loaded on two directions, alternate directions is all clockwise or counterclockwise on first direction and second direction.Particularly, apply
The twin shaft frame of twisting resistance has used torsion bearing plate instead, illustrates the load feature of the load, in a first direction, top
Load cylinder loads in the left side of test specimen upper surface, and the load cylinder of lower part loads on the right side of test specimen, in second direction, left side
Load cylinder is loaded in the downside of test specimen left-hand face, and right side load cylinder is loaded in the upside of test specimen right lateral surface.
Step D3Be persistently loaded onto rock sample destroy record torsion loading procedure in rock sample stress, displacement and
Situation of change is damaged, quantitative study is carried out to the torque failure of anchor rod anchored rock mass.
Bolted Rock Masses test method provided by the invention and anchor pole, the torsion of anchorage cable anchoring rock mass and shearing test side
Method is utilized the experimental rig and preferably simulates true ground stress environment, and realizes above-mentioned test by the device
The operation is more convenient for method, and test can also repeat, and has many advantages, such as operation control flexibly, fitting engineering is practical.
Certainly, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to the example above, this technology neck
The variations, modifications, additions or substitutions that the technical staff in domain is made within the essential scope of the present invention also should belong to of the invention
Protection scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device, including pedestal, the first connection frame, the second connection frame, twin shaft frame plus
Carry oil cylinder, axially loaded oil cylinder and bearing plate, base supports device noumenon, which is characterized in that first connection frame and second
Multiple twin shaft frames are provided between connection frame;It is respectively arranged with relatively on the twin shaft frame along first direction and second direction
The load cylinder of arrangement;Third direction is provided with axially loaded oil cylinder on first connection frame;The load cylinder and axis
It is connected to the loading end of load cylinder with bearing plate, rock sample is placed in the space that the bearing plate surrounds.
2. a kind of Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the pedestal it is upper
Surface is provided with through slot, and the depth of through slot is greater than the protruded length after load cylinder installation;First connection frame, the second connection
It is connected between frame and twin shaft frame by pillar, the both ends of pillar are connected and fixed with the first connection frame and the second connection frame;It is described
Pillar is passed through from the corner location of twin shaft frame.
3. a kind of Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that first connection
The middle part of frame loads the rock sample along the axially loaded oil cylinder that third direction is arranged, and the first connection frame is fixed on base
On seat;Gap is installed between second connection frame and adjacent twin shaft frame, there are test specimens to lead at the center of the second connection frame
Cross space.
4. a kind of Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the bearing plate packet
Include torsion bearing plate, plane bearing plate and hollow bearing plate;The torsion bearing plate includes connecting plate, load plate and connecting shaft, is connected
Fishplate bar is connected with the loading end of load cylinder, and connecting shaft is provided between connecting plate and load plate;The hollow bearing plate setting exists
On axially loaded oil cylinder;Installation torsion bearing plate or plane bearing plate on the load cylinder;It is provided with and answers on the bearing plate
Force snesor.
5. a kind of Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the twin shaft frame
In rectangle, 4 load cylinders being arranged on twin shaft frame are arranged on four edges;The load cylinder is along twin shaft frame
Slide rail moved along side length direction.
6. a kind of Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the twin shaft frame
In rectangle, 1 or 2 or multiple load cylinders are respectively set on the four edges of twin shaft frame, the load cylinder is along twin shaft frame
Slide rail on frame is moved along side length direction.
7. a kind of Bolted Rock Masses torsional shear test device according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that described first
3 twin shaft frames are provided between connection frame and the second connection frame, the load cylinder being arranged on each twin shaft frame is independent to examination
Part load, the load width of each twin shaft frame is equal or differs 30~150mm.
8. a kind of test method of anchor rod anchored rock mass utilizes a kind of as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 66 described in any item Bolted Rock Masses torsions
Shearing test device is tested, which is characterized in that step includes:
Step A1The simulation test specimen or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen for making analog material, by simulation surface of test piece polishing
Smooth, simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and are put into bearing plate from second connection frame one end by test specimen
The load space surrounded;
Step B1Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder simulate practical tunnel crustal stress, pass through anchor simultaneously to simulation test specimen load
Bar drill machine beats armature boring on simulation test specimen along third direction from second connection frame one end, records jumbolter in boring procedure
Torque, revolving speed, rate of penetration and simulate test specimen stress, deformation and degree of impairment;
Step C1Anchor pole and Anchor Agent are imported in drilling simultaneously, after Anchor Agent solidification, is fixed by anchor rod pallet board and nut
Anchor pole simultaneously applies pretightning force, completes anchoring.
9. a kind of method of anchor rod anchored Rockmass shear test utilizes a kind of as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 66 described in any item Bolted Rock Masses
Torsional shear test device is tested, which is characterized in that step includes:
Step A2The simulation test specimen or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen for making analog material, by simulation surface of test piece polishing
Smooth, simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and are put into bearing plate from second connection frame one end by test specimen
The load space surrounded;
Step B2Load cylinder and axially loaded oil cylinder simulate practical tunnel crustal stress, pass through anchor simultaneously to simulation test specimen load
Bar drill machine beats armature boring on simulation test specimen along third direction from second connection frame one end;
Step C2Anchor pole and Anchor Agent are imported in drilling simultaneously, after Anchor Agent solidification, is fixed by anchor rod pallet board and nut
Anchor pole simultaneously applies pretightning force, completes anchoring, obtains anchor rod anchored rock sample;
Step D2Positive load of the load cylinder on the 1 twin shaft frame in middle part along first direction or second direction;Middle part twin shaft
Load cylinder on the twin shaft frame of frame two sides shears anchor rod anchored rock along first direction or the Opposite side loading of second direction
Test specimen;
Step E2It is persistently loaded onto rock sample and destroys the stress of rock sample, displacement and damage change in record shearing loading procedure
Change situation.
10. a kind of method of anchor rod anchored rock mass torsion test utilizes a kind of as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 66 described in any item anchoring rocks
Body torsional shear test device is tested, which is characterized in that step includes:
Step A3The simulation test specimen or enchashment field rock production simulation test specimen for making analog material, by simulation surface of test piece polishing
Smooth, simulation sample dimensions are matched with the bulk that bearing plate surrounds, and are put into bearing plate from second connection frame one end by test specimen
The load space surrounded;
Step B3Armature boring is beaten on simulation test specimen along third direction from second connection frame one end by jumbolter, by anchor pole
It is imported in drilling simultaneously with Anchor Agent, after Anchor Agent solidification, by anchor rod pallet board and nut fixing anchor bar and applies pretightning force,
Anchoring is completed, anchor rod anchored rock sample is obtained;
Step C3The twin shaft frame for loading twisting resistance is equipped with torsion bearing plate, and torsion bearing plate is in a first direction and second direction
Upper staggeredly to load, alternate directions is all clockwise or counterclockwise on first direction and second direction;
Step D3It is persistently loaded onto rock sample and destroys the stress of rock sample, displacement and damage change in record torsion loading procedure
Change situation.
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