CN110241364A - High-strength 304 stainless steel band of modeling nano/submicron grained cold rolling of one kind and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength 304 stainless steel band of modeling nano/submicron grained cold rolling of one kind and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
High-strength 304 stainless steel band of modeling nano/submicron grained cold rolling of one kind and preparation method thereof, belongs to the manufacturing field of cold rolling austenic stainless steel belt；Its chemical component is by weight percentage are as follows: C: < 0.08%, Si: < 0.80%, Mn: < 2.0%, Cr:17~20%, Ni:8~10%, surplus Fe, micro microalloy element Mo, Nb, V and other inevitable impurity；The invention passes through hot rolling-cold rolling-annealing overall-in-one control schema, prepare high-strength 304 stainless steel band finished product of modeling nano/submicron grained cold rolling, multi-dimension nano/sub-micron crystal austenite structure that finished product steel microscopic structure forms for the Ultra-fine Grained for being 150~500nm by crystallite dimension and partially larger than 1 μm of recrystallization Coarse Austenite；There is high-strength modeling 304 stainless steel band of nano/submicron grained cold rolling excellent strong plasticity to match, yield strength >=800MPa, tensile strength >=900MPa, breaking elongation >=40%；Its thickness specification covers 0.3~1mm.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the manufacturing fields of cold rolling austenic stainless steel belt, and in particular to a kind of high-strength modeling nano/submicron
304 stainless steel band of grained cold rolling and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Austenitic stainless steel corrosion resistance nonmagnetic with its, excellent, easily welds, is easily molded and good high-temperature oxidation
Good comprehensive mechanical property and be widely used in the fields such as civilian, traffic, petrochemical industry, nuclear power national defence, aerospace.Its
In, 300 series austenitic stainless steel such as 304,301 etc. are a kind of austenitic stainless steels being most widely used.As typical Asia
Stable state austenitic stainless steel, 304 and 301 stainless steels are due to good corrosion resistance, plasticity and toughness, excellent high/low temperature power
Learn performance；So that the stainless steel becomes the structural material of vehicle manufacture industry first choice, in the world rails such as railway, subway of developed country
The car body materials of road car generally use 304 and 301 stainless steels.Currently, the car body materials of trolley coach mainly include ordinary steel
(carbon steel and weathering steel), stainless steel, three kinds of aluminium alloy.Stainless steel car body can save coating process, due to excellent corrosion resistant
Corrosion can realize the freedom from repairs of body construction, greatly reduce the maintenance cost in operational process.In addition, stainless steel car body
Manufacturing cost is significantly less than aluminum alloy bodywork, and the weight loss effect of stainless steel car body is obvious.Comprehensively consider manufacturing cost, repairs
The factors such as expense and lightweight level, stainless steel car body are presently the most economic car body, have very wide application prospect.
As traffic transport industry develops to high-quality, lightweight direction, how in the case where proof strength, vehicle is realized
Loss of weight, have become the important research direction of current orbit passenger car body material.The development of lightweight stainless steel car body, can
It realizes energy-saving and emission-reduction, reduce environmental pollution, meet the strategy of sustainable development, bring huge economic benefit；Meanwhile car body weight
Mitigation, be conducive to the raising of the trolley coach speed of service, have important social effect.The lightweight of vehicle is mainly car body
Lightweight, and the main method for reducing car body self weight is using high-strength lightweighting materials.However, the surrender of austenitic stainless steel
Intensity is generally relatively low, due to just having austenite structure at room temperature, cannot be strengthened by way of heat treatment, be led to
Often intensity is improved in the way of cold working.During cold deformation, certain deformation inductdion geneva will be generated in tissue
Body and residual stress cause being substantially reduced for plasticity, this will affect the further molding of complex parts, increase material delay and open
The risk split, while also will affect corrosion resistance of components during military service.Therefore, exploitation have both high-yield strength and
The austenitic stainless steel of superior plasticity becomes current research hotspot, not only has very important scientific research meaning, moreover it is possible to
Certain theoretical direction is provided for the industrialized production of high-strength plasticity austenitic stainless steel.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of high-strength 304 stainless steel bands of modeling nano/submicron grained cold rolling
And preparation method thereof.
High-strength 304 stainless steel band of modeling nano/submicron grained cold rolling prepared by the present invention, chemical component is by weight percentage
Are as follows: C: < 0.08%, Si: < 0.80%, Mn: < 2.0%, Cr:17~20%, Ni:8~10%, surplus Fe, micro microalloy
Elements Mo, Nb, V and other inevitable impurity, weight percentage of each component summation are 100%；The high-strength modeling nanometer/Asia
The microscopic structure of micron 304 stainless steel band of grained cold rolling is multi-dimension nano/sub-micron crystal austenite, and austenite grain is in isometric
Shape, crystallite dimension are that the recrystallization in the Ultra-fine Grained austenitic matrix tissue of 150~500nm there are portion size greater than 1 μm is difficult to understand
Family name's body coarse-grain；It is with a thickness of 0.3~1mm；Its yield strength >=800MPa, tensile strength >=900MPa, breaking elongation >=40%.
A kind of preparation method of high-strength modeling 304 stainless steel band of nano/submicron grained cold rolling, includes the following steps:
Step 1, forging and hot rolling:
(1) 304 stainless steel ingots are forged into the blank with a thickness of 50~60mm, then forging base is placed in heating furnace
It is heated to 1150~1250 DEG C and keeps the temperature 2~3h；
(2) base will be forged through 5~7 passes into the hot rolled plate with a thickness of 3~6mm by hot-rolling mill, subsequent water cooling is extremely
Room temperature, start rolling temperature are 1100~1200 DEG C, and finishing temperature is 950~1050 DEG C, and total hot rolling reduction ratio is 90~94%；
Step 2, solution treatment and cold rolling:
Above-mentioned hot rolled plate is kept the temperature into 10~60min at 1000~1100 DEG C, solution treatment is carried out, makes to produce in course of hot rolling
Raw carbide sufficiently dissolves；After pickling removes scale on surface, multi-pass cold rolling at room temperature is carried out on cold mill complex, always
Cold roling reduction be 78~92%；
Step 3, isothermal annealing:
By cold-reduced sheet in 700~800 DEG C of progress isothermal annealing processing, soaking time is 1~10min, is then quenched to room
Temperature obtains high-strength 304 stainless steel band finished product of modeling nano/submicron grained cold rolling.
In the step 1, the rate of water cooling is 20~40 DEG C/s.
In the step 2, for the control of cold rolling pass drafts in 0.1~0.5mm, final plate thickness is 0.3~1mm.
In the step 3, heating furnace used of annealing is chamber type electric resistance furnace.
The high-strength 304 stainless steel band chemical component of modeling nano/submicron grained cold rolling is by weight percentage are as follows: C: <
0.08%, Si: < 0.80%, Mn: < 2.0%, Cr:17~20%, Ni:8~10%, surplus Fe, micro microalloy element Mo,
Nb, V and other inevitable impurity, weight percentage of each component summation are 100%.
The microscopic structure of high-strength modeling 304 stainless steel band of nano/submicron grained cold rolling is multi-dimension nano/sub-micron crystal
Austenite, austenite grain in etc. shaft-like, crystallite dimension be 150~500nm, austenite Ultra-fine Grained be derived from deformation inductdion martensite
To the reverse transformation of austenite, recrystallization Coarse Austenite of the size greater than 1 μm is derived from the recrystallization of retained austenite.
Yield strength >=the 800MPa for high-strength 304 stainless steel band of modeling nano/submicron grained cold rolling that the present invention develops resists
Tensile strength >=900MPa, breaking elongation >=40% meet the requirement of the high strength components such as trolley coach side bar, column.
The preparation process is simple, and industrialized production can be achieved under prior art equipment condition.
Compared with prior art, of the invention that there is following novelty:
(1) finished product prepared by the present invention has multi-dimension nano/sub-micron crystal austenite structure, does not include in tissue
Martensite and residual stress is lower, can effectively reduce the risk of material delayed fracture.
(2) finished product prepared by the present invention, has both High-strength high-plasticity, and thickness specification covers 0.3~1.0mm, meets track
The mechanical performance index of car high-strength structure components and vehicle frame steel, it can be achieved that car body effective loss of weight, be able to satisfy difference
The demand of position.
(3) in preparation process of the invention, used annealing temperature is lower than existing austenite stainless at 700~800 DEG C
Annealing temperature used by steel flat cold-rolled sheet (1000 DEG C or more), can effectively save energy consumption, reduction production cost.
(4) in preparation process of the invention, the soaking time of reverse transformation annealing is shorter, is 1~10min, effectively avoids into
Product steel is inclined to because of intercrystalline corrosion caused by sensitizing temperature section (450~850 DEG C) long-time heat preservation to be increased.
(5) preparation process of the present invention, it is simple and convenient, to equipment and technology without particular/special requirement, can be filled in prior art
Industrialized production is realized under the conditions of standby.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is 304 stainless steel band finished product microscopic structure of high-strength modeling nano/submicron grained cold rolling prepared in embodiment 1
EBSD Quality Map；
Fig. 2 is 304 stainless steel band finished product microscopic structure of high-strength modeling nano/submicron grained cold rolling prepared in embodiment 2
EBSD Quality Map；
Fig. 3 is engineering stress-work of high-strength modeling 304 stainless steel band finished product of nano/submicron grained cold rolling in Examples 1 to 3
Journey strain curve；
Content is embodied
Embodiment 1
The ingredient of 304 stainless steel blanks is C:0.055%, Si:0.40%, Mn:1.63%, Cr in the present embodiment:
17.30%, Ni:8.45%, Mo:0.12%, Nb:0.04%, V:0.08%, surplus are Fe and other inevitable impurity,
Weight percentage of each component summation is 100%.
The preparation method of high-strength modeling 304 stainless steel band of nano/submicron grained cold rolling of one kind of the invention, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
Step 1, forging and hot rolling:
It will be placed in heating furnace with stove heating with a thickness of the forging base of 50mm to 1250 DEG C and keep the temperature 2h, then in hot-rolling mill
On through 5 passes at the hot rolled plate with a thickness of 4.5mm, then with the cooling rate water cooling of 30 DEG C/s to room temperature.Start rolling temperature is
1200 DEG C, finishing temperature is 1050 DEG C, and total hot rolling reduction ratio is 91%；
Step 2, solution treatment and cold rolling:
Above-mentioned hot rolled plate is subjected to solution treatment in 1050 DEG C of heat preservation 30min, makes carbide generated in course of hot rolling etc.
Sufficiently dissolution carries out multi-pass cold rolling at room temperature, cold-reduced sheet is most after after pickling removes scale on surface on cold mill complex
Soleplate thickness is 1mm, and total cold roling reduction is 78%；
Step 3, isothermal annealing:
By above-mentioned cold-reduced sheet in 750 DEG C of heat preservation 3min in heating furnace, be then quenched to room temperature, obtain high-strength modeling nanometer/
304 stainless steel band finished product of sub-micron crystal cold rolling.
The microscopic structure of finished steel is as shown in Figure 1, be equiaxial austenite grain, the reverse transformation for being about 200nm by size
The recrystallization Coarse Austenite of austenite and portion size greater than 1 μm forms.
Mechanics properties testing is carried out to finished steel, corresponding engineering stress-engineering strain curve is as shown in figure 3, it is surrendered
Intensity and tensile strength are respectively 863MPa and 945MPa, breaking elongation 45%.
Embodiment 2
The ingredient of 304 stainless steel blanks is C:0.075%, Si:0.28%, Mn:1.58%, Cr in the present embodiment:
17.4%, Ni:8.2%, Mo:0.10%, Nb:0.04%, V:0.07%, surplus are Fe and other inevitable impurity, respectively
Weight percentages of components summation is 100%.
The preparation method of high-strength modeling 304 stainless steel band of nano/submicron grained cold rolling of one kind of the invention, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
Step 1, forging and hot rolling:
It will be placed in heating furnace with stove heating with a thickness of the forging base of 60mm to 1200 DEG C and keep the temperature 3h, then in hot-rolling mill
On through 7 passes at the hot rolled plate with a thickness of 6mm, then with the cooling rate water cooling of 40 DEG C/s to room temperature.Start rolling temperature is 1160
DEG C, finishing temperature is 1000 DEG C, total hot rolling reduction ratio about 90%；
Step 2, solution treatment and cold rolling:
Above-mentioned hot rolled plate is subjected to solution treatment in 1000 DEG C of heat preservation 60min, makes carbide generated in course of hot rolling etc.
Sufficiently dissolution carries out multi-pass cold rolling at room temperature, cold-reduced sheet is most after after pickling removes scale on surface on cold mill complex
Soleplate thickness is 0.5mm, and total cold roling reduction is 92%；
Step 3, isothermal annealing:
By above-mentioned cold-reduced sheet in 700 DEG C of heat preservation 5min in heating furnace, be then quenched to room temperature, obtain high-strength modeling nanometer/
304 stainless steel band finished product of sub-micron crystal cold rolling.
The microscopic structure of finished steel is as shown in Fig. 2, be equiaxial austenite grain, the reverse transformation for being about 230nm by size
The recrystallization Coarse Austenite of austenite and portion size greater than 1 μm forms.
Mechanics properties testing is carried out to finished steel, corresponding engineering stress-engineering strain curve is as shown in figure 3, it is surrendered
Intensity and tensile strength are respectively 846MPa and 1007MPa, breaking elongation 41.5%.
Embodiment 3
The ingredient of 304 stainless steel blanks is C:0.062%, Si:0.38%, Mn:1.57%, Cr in the present embodiment:
17.2%, Ni:8.5%, Mo:0.09%, Nb:0.01%, V:0.02%, surplus are Fe and other inevitable impurity, respectively
Weight percentages of components summation is 100%.
The preparation method of high-strength modeling 304 stainless steel band of nano/submicron grained cold rolling of one kind of the invention, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
Step 1, forging and hot rolling:
It will be placed in heating furnace with stove heating with a thickness of the forging base of 60mm to 1180 DEG C and keep the temperature 2h, then in hot-rolling mill
On through 7 passes at the hot rolled plate with a thickness of 5mm, then with the cooling rate water cooling of 35 DEG C/s to room temperature.Start rolling temperature is 1150
DEG C, finishing temperature is 1010 DEG C, and total hot rolling reduction ratio is about 92%；
Step 2, solution treatment and cold rolling:
Above-mentioned hot rolled plate is subjected to solution treatment in 1050 DEG C of heat preservation 30min, makes carbide generated in course of hot rolling etc.
Sufficiently dissolution carries out multi-pass cold rolling at room temperature, cold-reduced sheet is most after after pickling removes scale on surface on cold mill complex
Soleplate thickness is 0.3mm, and total cold roling reduction is 93%；
Step 3, isothermal annealing:
By above-mentioned cold-reduced sheet in 800 DEG C of heat preservation 1min in heating furnace, be then quenched to room temperature, obtain high-strength modeling nanometer/
304 stainless steel band finished product of sub-micron crystal cold rolling.
The microscopic structure of finished steel be equiaxial austenite grain, by size be about 150nm reverse transformation austenite and portion
Recrystallization Coarse Austenite of the size greater than 1 μm is divided to form.
Mechanics properties testing is carried out to finished steel, corresponding engineering stress-engineering strain curve is as shown in figure 3, it is surrendered
Intensity and tensile strength are respectively 909MPa and 994MPa, breaking elongation 44.5%.
Embodiment 4
The ingredient of 304 stainless steel blanks is C:0.045%, Si:0.48%, Mn:0.79%, Cr in the present embodiment:
18.2%, Ni:8.1%, Mo:0.03%, Nb:0.04%, V:0.12%, surplus are Fe and other inevitable impurity, respectively
Weight percentages of components summation is 100%.
The preparation method of high-strength modeling 304 stainless steel band of nano/submicron grained cold rolling of one kind of the invention, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
Step 1, forging and hot rolling:
It will be placed in heating furnace with stove heating with a thickness of the forging base of 55mm to 1220 DEG C and keep the temperature 2.5h, then in hot rolling
Through 6 passes at the hot rolled plate with a thickness of 5mm on machine, then with the cooling rate water cooling of 25 DEG C/s to room temperature.Start rolling temperature is
1180 DEG C, finishing temperature is 950 DEG C, and total hot rolling reduction ratio is 91%；
Step 2, solution treatment and cold rolling:
Above-mentioned hot rolled plate is subjected to solution treatment in 1060 DEG C of heat preservation 30min, makes carbide generated in course of hot rolling etc.
Sufficiently dissolution carries out multi-pass cold rolling at room temperature, cold-reduced sheet is most after after pickling removes scale on surface on cold mill complex
Soleplate thickness is 0.7mm, and total cold roling reduction is 86%；
Step 3, annealing heat preservation:
By above-mentioned cold-reduced sheet in 750 DEG C of heat preservation 2min in heating furnace, be then quenched to room temperature, obtain high-strength modeling nanometer/
304 stainless steel band finished product of sub-micron crystal cold rolling.
The microscopic structure of finished steel be equiaxial austenite grain, by size be about 500nm reverse transformation austenite and portion
Recrystallization Coarse Austenite of the size greater than 1 μm is divided to form.
Mechanics properties testing carried out to finished steel, yield strength and tensile strength are respectively 810MPa and 920MPa, always
Elongation percentage is 49%.
Embodiment 5
The ingredient of 304 stainless steel blanks is C:0.042%, Si:0.46%, Mn:1.2%, Cr in the present embodiment:
18.5%, Ni:8.0%, Mo:0.01%, Nb:0.01%, V:0.13%, surplus are Fe and other inevitable impurity, respectively
Weight percentages of components summation is 100%.
The preparation method of high-strength modeling 304 stainless steel band of nano/submicron grained cold rolling of one kind of the invention, including walk as follows
It is rapid:
Step 1, forging and hot rolling:
It will be placed in heating furnace with stove heating with a thickness of the forging base of 50mm to 1150 DEG C and keep the temperature 2h, then in hot-rolling mill
On through 7 passes at the hot rolled plate with a thickness of 3mm, then with the cooling rate water cooling of 20 DEG C/s to room temperature.Start rolling temperature is 1130
DEG C, finishing temperature is 1020 DEG C, and total hot rolling reduction ratio is 94%；
Step 2, solution treatment and cold rolling:
Above-mentioned hot rolled plate is subjected to solution treatment in 1100 DEG C of heat preservation 10min, makes carbide generated in course of hot rolling etc.
Sufficiently dissolution carries out multi-pass cold rolling at room temperature, cold-reduced sheet is most after after pickling removes scale on surface on cold mill complex
Soleplate thickness is 0.6mm, and total cold roling reduction is 80%；
Step 3, annealing heat preservation:
By above-mentioned cold-reduced sheet in 700 DEG C of heat preservation 10min in heating furnace, be then quenched to room temperature, obtain high-strength modeling nanometer/
304 stainless steel band finished product of sub-micron crystal cold rolling.
The microscopic structure of finished steel be equiaxial austenite grain, by size be about 350nm reverse transformation austenite and portion
Recrystallization Coarse Austenite of the size greater than 1 μm is divided to form.
Mechanics properties testing carried out to finished steel, yield strength and tensile strength are respectively 835MPa and 960MPa, always
Elongation percentage is 42%.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of high-strength 304 stainless steel band of modeling nano/submicron grained cold rolling, which is characterized in that its chemical component percentage by weight
Than are as follows: C: < 0.08%, Si: < 0.80%, Mn: < 2.0%, Cr:17~20%, Ni:8~10%, surplus Fe, micro micro- conjunction
Gold element Mo, Nb, V and other inevitable impurity, weight percentage of each component summation are 100%.
2. high-strength 304 stainless steel band of modeling nano/submicron grained cold rolling of one kind according to claim 1, which is characterized in that its
Microscopic structure be multi-dimension nano/sub-micron crystal austenite, austenite grain in etc. shaft-like, by crystallite dimension be 150~500nm
Ultra-fine Grained austenite and a small amount of size greater than 1 μm recrystallization Coarse Austenite form；Its yield strength >=800 MPa resists
Tensile strength >=900 MPa, breaking elongation >=40%.
3. the preparation method of high-strength modeling 304 stainless steel band of nano/submicron grained cold rolling of one kind according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, includes the following steps:
Step 1, forging and hot rolling:
(1) 304 stainless steel ingots are forged into the blank with a thickness of 50~60mm, then forging base is placed in heating furnace and is heated
To 1150~1250 DEG C and keep the temperature 2~3h；
(2) base will be forged through 5~7 passes into the hot rolled plate with a thickness of 3~6mm by hot-rolling mill, subsequent water cooling to room temperature,
Start rolling temperature is 1100~1200 DEG C, and finishing temperature is 950~1050 DEG C, and total hot rolling reduction ratio is 90~94%；
Step 2, solution treatment and cold rolling:
Above-mentioned hot rolled plate is subjected to solution treatment in 1000~1100 DEG C of 10~60min of heat preservation, makes the carbon generated in course of hot rolling
Compound sufficiently dissolves；After pickling removes scale on surface, multi-pass cold rolling at room temperature, total cold rolling are carried out on cold mill complex
Drafts is 78~92%；
Step 3, isothermal annealing:
By cold-reduced sheet in 700~800 DEG C of progress isothermal annealing processing, soaking time is 1~10min, is then quenched to room temperature, obtains
Obtain high-strength 304 stainless steel band finished product of modeling nano/submicron grained cold rolling.
4. the preparation method of high-strength modeling 304 stainless steel band of nano/submicron grained cold rolling of one kind according to claim 3,
It is characterized in that, in the step 1, the rate of water cooling is 20~40 DEG C/s.
5. the preparation method of high-strength modeling 304 stainless steel band of nano/submicron grained cold rolling of one kind according to claim 3,
It is characterized in that, in the step 2, for the control of cold rolling pass drafts in 0.1~0.5mm, final plate thickness is 0.3~1mm.
6. the preparation method of high-strength modeling 304 stainless steel band of nano/submicron grained cold rolling of one kind according to claim 3,
It is characterized in that, in the step 3, heating furnace used of annealing is chamber type electric resistance furnace.
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