CN110241084A - 神经嵴细胞培养液、神经嵴间充质干细胞的制备方法及神经嵴间充质干细胞的应用 - Google Patents
神经嵴细胞培养液、神经嵴间充质干细胞的制备方法及神经嵴间充质干细胞的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及干细胞与再生医学领域,特别涉及神经嵴细胞培养液、神经嵴间充质干细胞的制备方法及神经嵴间充质干细胞的应用。本发明的实验结果表明经人全能干细胞诱导分化而成神经嵴干细胞谱系间充质干细胞可以显著改善新生大鼠缺血缺氧模型神经功能障碍,降低缺血区域面积,抑制免疫反应和促进脑组织内源性修复。从而证明人神经嵴来源的间充质干细胞具有显著改善新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病后的炎症反应及有效促进神经功能恢复的作用。本发明还提供了可用于鉴定神经嵴间充质干细胞活性的检验指标。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及干细胞与再生医学领域,特别涉及神经嵴细胞培养液、神经嵴间充质干细胞的制备方法及神经嵴间充质干细胞的应用。
背景技术
新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病(Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy,HIE)是由于各种围产期因素引起的缺氧和缺血而导致的脑损害,是儿童神经系统致残最常见的原因。近20年来由于产科和新生儿救治技术的进步,一方面由于抢救成功,新生儿存活率有所提高,另一方面HIE及其后遗症的发病率大幅度增高。我国每年活产婴儿1800万~2000万,窒息的发病率为13.6%,其中伤残者为 15.6%,由此每年约产生30万残疾儿童,严重威害儿童身心健康,也给社会和国家带来巨大的经济负担。脑组织的缺氧缺血引起神经细胞代谢障碍、脑血流异常、兴奋性氨基酸的神经毒作用、细胞内钙超载、一氧化氮、氧自由基损伤及细胞凋亡等一系列病理生理改变,导致中枢神经系统的结构破坏以及缺氧缺血对海马长时程增强(LTP)的诱导和维持产生影响,从而导致学习记忆障碍。目前临床上HIE尚无特殊药物治疗。尽管新生儿后期用脑活素、丹参注射液及胞二磷胆碱等治疗,幸存者仍常伴有智力低下、癫痫和脑性瘫痪等严重的后遗症,成为导致儿童神经系统伤残的主要原因。HIE及其后遗症导致儿童终身生活质量极差,给家庭和社会带来了极大的精神和经济负担。因此探寻有效治疗手段对儿童神经疾病的防治,造福家庭和社会都意义重大。
自2005年我国报导了世界首例干细胞治疗脑瘫取得成功后,十多年来,国内干细胞治疗脑瘫的科研成果报导从未间断,意味着我国正努力推动这种疗法的临床转化。2017年,通过卫计委备案的项目《脐带间充质干细胞/神经干细胞治疗小儿脑性瘫痪的临床研究》正式启动,旨在建立以干细胞移植为核心,集医疗、护理、康复、心理等为一体的规范化方案,延长患儿的生存时间,提高患儿生存质量,减轻家庭和社会负担。
间充质干细胞(MSCs)移植治疗缺氧缺血性脑损伤的作用机制是多方面的,包括局部分泌神经营养因子和生长因子、促进新生血管再生、减少内源性神经细胞坏死和凋亡、促进突触连接的形成、改善神经元的可塑性、细胞替代作用等。因此它在细胞替代治疗﹑基因治疗等方面具有很好的临床应用价值和广阔的应用前景。但是,我们也必须认识到,MSCs广泛应用于临床还有很多问题有待解决:比如MSCs移植时机﹑移植路径﹑移植细胞的成分﹑数量以及移植后的细胞能否长期存活,组织定向分化等等。另外,MSCs 难以规模化扩增、异质性和功能不稳定性已成为限制MSCs临床化广泛应用的三大障碍。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种神经嵴细胞培养液、神经嵴间充质干细胞的制备方法及神经嵴间充质干细胞的应用。本发明具体涉及神经嵴间充质干细胞的制备及其在缺血缺氧性脑病中的新用途和鉴定指标。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了神经嵴细胞培养液,包括如下组分:
本发明还提供了所述的神经嵴细胞培养液在培养神经嵴间充质干细胞中的应用。
在上述研究的基础上,本发明还提供了神经嵴间充质干细胞的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:人胚胎干细胞或IPS细胞用StemPro(Gibco,A3349401)培养基贴壁培养,保持其未分化状态;
步骤2:用Accutase(Gibco,A1110501)消化(于37℃放置3分钟)并以 1:10的比例传代全能干细胞
步骤3:进行神经嵴分化时,以6×104个/cm2细胞的密度悬浮并接种于 Geltrex(1:100,Gibco,A10480-02)涂布板;
步骤4:待细胞贴壁后将培养液更换为如权利要求1所述的神经嵴细胞培养液继续培养;
所述神经嵴细胞培养液包括以下组分:牛血清白蛋白(Probumin)(20% (vol/vol)),1%青霉素/链霉素双抗溶液(penicillin-streptomycin),1%L-丙氨酰 -L-谷氨酰胺(L-alanyl-L-glutamine),1%非必要氨基酸(MEM non-essential amino acids),0.1%微量元素A(trace elements A),0.1%微量元素B(trace elements B),0.1%微量元素C(trace elements C),0.2%2-巯基乙醇 (2-mercaptoethanol),运铁蛋白(transferrin)(10μg ml-1),L-抗坏血酸钠 ((+)-sodium L-ascorbate)(50μg ml-1),人表皮生长因子受体调节蛋白β-1 (Heregulinβ-1)(10ng ml-1),人长R3胰岛素样生长因子(LONGR3 IGF-I)(200ng ml-1),碱性纤维母细胞生长因子(Fgf2)(8ng ml-1),选择性糖原合酶激酶3抑制剂(GSK3inhibitor IX(BIO))(2–4μM)and选择性转化生长因子β的I型受体活化素受体样激酶抑制剂(SB431542)(20μM);
步骤5:每隔4~5天用Accutase消化(于37℃放置3分钟)并以1:5的比例传代;
步骤6:在所述神经嵴细胞培养液中生长16天后,通过流式细胞仪检测神经嵴干细胞的标记物P75和HNK1阳性率达到90%以上;
步骤7:体外培养2~3代后,用Accutase处理NCSCs,以5×104个细胞/cm2的密度种植于Geltrex(1:200)涂布板,待细胞贴壁后将培养液更换为间充质干细胞培养液(DEME+10%FBS)培养;
步骤8:6~7天后用胰蛋白酶-EDTA将细胞以1:(3~4)的比例传代于无涂层组织培养皿中,并继续培养至少2代后,经流式细胞仪检测间充质细胞表型,即得。
本发明还提供了所述的制备方法制得的神经嵴间充质干细胞。
本发明还提供了所述的神经嵴间充质干细胞在制备减少大脑损伤面积的药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了所述的神经嵴间充质干细胞在制备抑制缺血缺氧大脑的炎症反应的药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了所述的神经嵴间充质干细胞在制备减弱由持续激活的星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞释放的大量炎性因子所造成的损害的药物中的应用。如权利要求4所述的神经嵴间充质干细胞在制备
本发明还提供了所述的神经嵴间充质干细胞在制备促进内源性神经干细胞的增殖、促进内源性神经干细胞的分化和/或促进突触连接形成的药物中的应用。
本发明还提供了所述的神经嵴间充质干细胞在制备促进损伤大脑神经功能恢复的药物中的应用。
在本发明的一些具体实施方案中,Raf/MAPK通路和/或ERK通路的激活与所述神经嵴间充质干细胞的活性呈正相关。
本发明涉及1.神经嵴间充质干细胞的诱导和传代培养;2.神经嵴间充质干细胞在新生大鼠HIE模型中的治疗途径、疗效和机制;3.神经嵴间充质干细胞的鉴定。具体的,本发明提供了一种神经嵴间充质干细胞的制备及其在小儿缺血缺氧性脑病治疗中的应用,提供神经嵴间充质干细胞作为治疗脑损伤药物的新用途。神经嵴间充质干细胞可以作为自体或异体移植的种子细胞,它们在来源、均质性、稳定性和神经修复功能方面均具有极大优势。
本发明的实验结果表明经人全能干细胞诱导分化而成神经嵴干细胞谱系间充质干细胞可以显著改善新生大鼠缺血缺氧模型神经功能障碍,降低缺血区域面积,抑制免疫反应和促进脑组织内源性修复。从而证明人神经嵴来源的间充质干细胞具有显著改善新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病后的炎症反应及有效促进神经功能恢复的作用。本发明还提供了可用于鉴定神经嵴间充质干细胞活性的检验指标。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1示全能干细胞分化成神经嵴间充质干细胞;全能干细胞通过诱导定向分化为神经嵴干细胞(15天),经过流式细胞仪鉴定其为神经嵴干细胞(P75+, HNK1+);神经嵴干细胞诱导分化为神经嵴间充质干细胞(15天);其中,图1(a)为干细胞分化后形态变化图(×100);图1(b)为流式细胞仪检测神经嵴干细胞表面标记物的结果图;
图2示流式细胞仪检测神经嵴干细胞表面标记物的结果图;神经嵴干细胞通过诱导分化,大于97%分化后的细胞能明显表达间充质干细胞的特异性表面标记物:CD90,CD105,CD73,CD44,并且不表达其他非间充质干细胞特异性表面抗原,可充分鉴定该细胞为神经嵴间充质干细胞;
图3示SD大鼠脑组织病理切片检查结果图,神经嵴间充质干细胞显著减少大脑损伤面积;脑组织病理切片检查结果:(H&E染色,2mm)光学显微镜下,在细胞移植治疗后的第6天时,模型/NCMSC移植组可见大脑组织结构相对比较完整,未见明显缺损;模型/UCMSC移植组可见右侧大脑内的海马区形状异常;而模型/PBS对照组的右侧脑区有大面积的组织缺失,神经细胞明显减少,尤其是在皮层和海马区域;其中,图3(a)显示PBS对照组的大鼠脑切片结构分布,右侧皮层区与海马区神经元大量死亡;图3(b)显示UCMSC移植组中皮层相对完整,但右侧海马区仍损伤严重;图3(c)显示NCMSC移植组中大脑左右结构比较完整;
图4示神经嵴间充质干细胞抑制星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞;免疫荧光染色检测结果(×200):荧光显微镜下,模型/NCMSC移植组大鼠脑组织中存在比较少的GFAP和VIMENTIN(反应性胶质细胞标记蛋白)阳性细胞,同时IBA1 (反应性小胶质细胞标记蛋白)的反应细胞也最少;
图5示神经嵴间充质干细胞促进内源性神经干细胞的增殖;免疫荧光染色检测结果(×200):有比较多的NESTIN和SOX2(神经干细胞标记蛋白)阳性细胞出现在模型/NCMSC移植组大鼠脑组织中,NEUN(神经元标记蛋白) 阳性细胞也大量表达在模型/NCMSC移植组大鼠脑组织中;
图6示免疫荧光染色检测PC12细胞的分化标记蛋白图(×100),神经嵴间充质干细胞分泌液促进神经突触的形成;神经生长因子(NGF)能诱导PC12 细胞长出神经突起,分化为具有神经元特性的细胞;将神经嵴间充质干细胞分泌液(NCCM)与NGF联用,能够促使PC12细胞更快,更完全地分化成神经元样细胞;在诱导分化的第6天时,NGF+NCCM组中的PC12细胞对MAP2 的表达明显上调(与其他三组相比);通过统计分析PC12细胞的神经突触长度,NGF+NCCM组中细胞突触平均长度最长,NGF+NCCM组次之,随后为 NGF组,CTRL组,且每组间均有显著性差异;
图7示缺氧缺血模型大鼠疲劳转棒实验结果图,神经嵴间充质干细胞有效促进损伤大脑功能恢复;细胞移植后第2至3周,采用疲劳转棒实验(Rotarod Test)测试各实验组中大鼠的运动协调能力和体能耐力;结果显示,模型/神经嵴间充质干细胞(NCMSC)移植组的大鼠,相对比其他两组大鼠的数据来说,能在转棒上运动更长的时间,可以在更高转速的转棒上运动,并且在5min, 32r/min的条件下,掉落的大鼠数量占比最少;其中,图7(a)显示各组大鼠在转棒上的停留时长;图7(b)显示各组大鼠掉落时的转棒转动速度;图7(c) 显示各组大鼠中会掉落的大鼠的占比(5min,32r/min);
图8示神经嵴间充质干细胞,骨髓间充质干细胞及脐带间充质干细胞基因表达谱的对比;脐带间充质干细胞与骨髓间充质干细胞相比,一共有9098个差异表达的基因(差异倍数大于2.0);通过分析神经嵴间充质干细胞在这9098 个基因的表达水平,发现其基因表达图谱与脐带间充质干细胞的相似度较高;
图9示鉴定神经嵴间充质干细胞疗效作用通路的筛选;将神经嵴间充质干细胞与脐带间充质干细胞相比中有显著上调的355个基因利用Metascape软件进行基因功能富集分析,筛选出一条与其疗效相关的主要通路:Raf/ERK;
图10示鉴定神经嵴间充质干细胞疗效作用的ERK通路;从干细胞收集条件培养基,并将其添加到低血清培养条件下的PC-12中共培养72小时;Western blot检测p-ERK和ERK的表达。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种神经嵴细胞培养液、神经嵴间充质干细胞的制备方法及神经嵴间充质干细胞的应用,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
本发明提供的神经嵴细胞培养液、神经嵴间充质干细胞的制备方法及神经嵴间充质干细胞的应用中所用原料及试剂均可由市场购得。
下面结合实施例,进一步阐述本发明:
实施例1神经嵴间充质干细胞的诱导和传代培养
(1)人胚胎干细胞或IPS细胞用StemPro(Gibco,A3349401)培养基贴壁培养,每天更换培养基,保持其未分化状态;
(2)用Accutase(Gibco,A1110501)消化(于37℃放置3分钟)并以1:10 的比例传代全能干细胞;
(3)开始进行神经嵴分化时,细胞应以每平方厘米6×104个细胞的密度悬浮并接种于Geltrex(1:100,Gibco,A10480-02)涂布板上;
(4)待细胞贴壁后将培养液更换为神经嵴细胞培养液,所述神经嵴细胞培养液包括以下组分:牛血清白蛋白(Probumin)(20%(vol/vol)),1%青霉素/链霉素双抗溶液(penicillin-streptomycin),1%L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺 (L-alanyl-L-glutamine),1%非必要氨基酸(MEM non-essential amino acids), 0.1%微量元素A(trace elements A),0.1%微量元素B(trace elements B),0.1%微量元素C(trace elements C),0.2%2-巯基乙醇(2-mercaptoethanol),运铁蛋白(transferrin)(10μg ml-1),L-抗坏血酸钠((+)-sodium L-ascorbate)(50 μg ml-1),人表皮生长因子受体调节蛋白β-1(Heregulinβ-1)(10ng ml-1), 人长R3胰岛素样生长因子(LONGR3 IGF-I)(200ng ml-1),碱性纤维母细胞生长因子(Fgf2)(8ng ml-1),选择性糖原合酶激酶3抑制剂(GSK3 inhibitor IX(BIO))(2–4μM)and选择性转化生长因子β的I型受体活化素受体样激酶抑制剂(SB431542)(20μM);
(5)每隔4-5天用Accutase消化(于37℃放置3分钟)并以1:5的比例传代;
(6)在神经嵴培养基中生长16天后,通过流式细胞仪检测神经嵴干细胞的标记物P75和HNK1阳性率必须达到90%以上(图1);
(7)体外培养2-3代后,用Accutase处理NCSCs,然后以每平方厘米5×104的细胞密度将它们种植在Geltrex(1:200)涂布板上,并改用间充质干细胞培养液(DEME+10%FBS);
(8)6-7天后用胰蛋白酶-EDTA将细胞以1:3-4的比例传代于无涂层组织培养皿中,并继续培养两代后进行流式细胞仪检测间充质细胞表型,即得(图2)。
实施例2
1.神经嵴干细胞(NCSC)的分化培养:
将人胚胎干细胞(H7-hESC或H9-hESC)以9.2×104个细胞/cm2的密度,接种在用Geltrex(1:100)包被过的培养皿内,加入StemPro培养基(Life Technologies)于在37℃,二氧化碳浓度为5%培养箱中培养24小时。随后吸弃培养皿中的培养基,加入神经嵴干细胞培养基诱导分化,每两天换液1次。待接近80%融合状态时,用Accutase(Gibco)消化、传代,再以6×104个细胞/cm2的密度,接种在用Geltrex包被过的培养皿内。用神经嵴干细胞培养基连续培养15天后,细胞形态已经明显分化成神经嵴干细胞,增殖接近80%融合状态时,进行消化、传代,依此法反复传代,达到纯化和扩增细胞的目的,收集细胞冻存、复苏备用。
2.神经嵴间充质干细胞(NCSC-MSC)的制备:
将神经嵴干细胞(NCSC)以6.5×104细胞/cm2的密度,接种在用Geltrex (1:200)包被过的培养皿内,加入神经嵴干细胞培养基于在37℃,二氧化碳浓度为5%培养箱中培养24小时。随后吸弃培养皿中的神经嵴干细胞培养基,加入含有10%胎牛血清(Gibco)的α-MEM(Gibco)培养基诱导分化,每两天换液1次。待接近90%融合状态时,用Trypsin-EDTA(Gibco)消化,再以上述密度接种到另一无涂层组织培养皿上,待分化15至20天后,细胞形态已经明显分化成神经嵴间充质干细胞,增殖接近80%融合状态时,进行消化、传代,依此法反复传代,达到纯化和扩增间充质干细胞的目的,收集细胞冻存、复苏备用。
3.采用流式细胞仪检测间充质干细胞表面标志物的表达模式,将细胞消化后,离心弃去培养基,PBS清洗2次后用染色缓冲液(PBS+1%FBS)重悬至 1×10 7个/ml的单细胞悬液。取出100μl细胞悬液分别加入CD90-FITC、 CD105-PerCP-Cy5.5、CD73-APC、CD44-PE不同类型的流式抗体5μl,避光冰上孵育30分钟后用染色缓冲液清洗2次并重悬在500μl染色缓冲液里,上机检测。(人类间充质干细胞分析试剂盒,BD,562245);组织化学染色检测细胞中胚层分化潜能。
4.采用基因芯片检测和对比未经过处理的脐带间充质干细胞,神经嵴间充质干细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞的相关差异基因表达。每种干细胞均需收集至少三个样本,以明确各种不同来源的间充质干细胞的不同。脐带间充质干细胞与骨髓间充质干细胞相比,一共有9098个差异表达的基因(差异倍数大于 2.0),然后分析神经嵴间充质干细胞在这9098个基因的表达量,发现其基因表达图谱与脐带间充质干细胞的相似度较高。将神经嵴间充质干细胞与脐带间充质干细胞相比,一共有1426个差异表达的基因(差异倍数大于2.0),其中有355个基因显著上调,1071个基因显著下调。筛选出上调的基因利用 Metascape软件进行基因功能富集分析。
实施例3新生大鼠HIE模型的建立
参照Rice法,手术在严格无菌条件下进行。选取7日龄新生SD大鼠,仰卧37℃恒温板上,呼吸机下1%异氟烷吸入麻醉,固定,暴露颈部,分离结扎右侧颈总动脉(5-0丝线),7-0缝线缝合皮肤.2h后,放入密闭容器,置于37℃水浴上,向密闭容器内通以92%氮气和8%氧气混合气体,用数字测氧仪监测该容器内氧气浓度,使之保持在8%2小时。
实施例4神经嵴间充质干细胞在新生大鼠HIE模型中的治疗途径、疗效和机制
(1)建立新生大鼠HIE模型,在建模后第一到第三天,用0.01M的PBS 将干细胞制成细胞悬液。在病灶同侧额叶注射1x106GFP标记的神经嵴间充质干细胞,并与对侧做比较;
细胞移植分为以下三组:hUCMSCs组;hNCMSCs组和PBS对照组。大鼠模型建立后1-3天,用0.01M的PBS将干细胞制成细胞悬液。在病灶同侧额叶注射2x105GFP标记的hUCMSCs,hNCMSCs或者PBS,观察和比较干细胞的定植时间。分别在干细胞注射后3天,6天时观察干细胞存活情况。在各个时间点处死大鼠,收集组织,使用荧光显微镜观察干细胞。组织切片后,HE染色检测损伤面积。
(2)人神经嵴间充质干细胞在注射后第六-七天在大鼠体内完全消失,在大鼠大脑切片中未找到荧光标记的人源性细胞;
(3)神经嵴间充质干细胞具有显著减少大脑损伤面积的效果(图3)。脑组织病理切片检查结果(H&E染色,2mm):光学显微镜下,在细胞移植治疗后的第6天时,模型/NCMSC移植组可见大脑组织结构相对比较完整,未见明显缺损;模型/UCMSC移植组可见右侧大脑内的海马区形状异常;而模型 /PBS对照组的右侧脑区有大面积的组织缺失,神经细胞明显减少,尤其是在皮层和海马区域;
(4)神经嵴间充质干细胞显著抑制缺血缺氧大脑的炎症反应,并减弱由持续激活的星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞释放的大量炎性因子所造成的损害(图 4)。免疫荧光染色检测结果(×200):荧光显微镜下,模型/NCMSC移植组大鼠脑组织中存在比较少的GFAP和VIMENTIN(反应性胶质细胞标记蛋白) 阳性细胞,同时IBA1(反应性小胶质细胞标记蛋白)的反应细胞也最少;
(5)神经嵴间充质干细胞促进内源性神经干细胞的增殖和分化,并具有显著促进突触连接形成的作用(图5,图6)。免疫荧光染色检测结果(×200) 显示较多NESTIN和SOX2(神经干细胞标记蛋白)阳性细胞出现在模型/NCMSC移植组大鼠脑组织中,NEUN(神经元标记蛋白)阳性细胞也大量表达在模型/NCMSC移植组大鼠脑组织中。另外,将神经嵴间充质干细胞分泌液(NCCM)与NGF联用,能够促使PC12细胞更快,更完全地分化成神经元样细胞;
(6)神经嵴间充质干细胞具有有效促进损伤大脑神经功能恢复的作用(图 7)。细胞移植后第2至3周,采用疲劳转棒实验(Rotarod Test)测试各实验组中大鼠的运动协调能力和体能耐力。结果显示,模型/神经嵴间充质干细胞 (NCMSC)移植组的大鼠,相对比其他两组大鼠的数据来说,能在转棒上运动更长的时间,可以在更高转速的转棒上运动,并且在5min,32r/min的条件下,掉落的大鼠数量占比最少。
实施例5神经嵴间充质干细胞的鉴定
(1)比较神经嵴间充质干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞及脐带间充质干细胞的基因表达谱。在分子水平上,神经嵴间充质干细胞与脐带间充质干细胞更相似,与骨髓间充质干细胞相比却有明显的不同(图8)。脐带间充质干细胞与骨髓间充质干细胞相比,一共有9098个差异表达的基因(差异倍数大于2.0)。通过分析神经嵴间充质干细胞在这9098个基因的表达水平,发现其基因表达图谱与脐带间充质干细胞的相似度较高。
(2)通过Metascape软件对神经嵴间充质干细胞显著上调的基因(与脐带间充质干细胞相比)进行功能富集分析,结果显示与神经保护和神经分化相关的通路Raf/MAPK在人神经嵴间充质干细胞中显著激活(图9)。进一步采用神经嵴间充质干细胞分泌液(NCCM)与PC12细胞在低血清条件下共培养后发现,与对照组和hUC-MSC组相比,NCCM组显著激活ERK通路(图 10),表明ERK通路的激活可作为神经嵴间充质干细胞活性的鉴定指标。
实施例6行为学测试
分别在干细胞治疗后2周,1月,3月进行行为学测试。运动学习和空间学习记忆能力测试。水迷宫试验是一种强迫实验动物游泳,学习寻找隐藏在水中平台的一种实验,主要用于测试实验动物对空间位置感和方向感的学习记忆能力。每只大鼠每次时间限定在1分钟,所有动物在测试时间上轮换交叉“记录仔鼠到达终点的时间(即潜伏期),在1min内未到达梯子处以1min 计;同时记录仔鼠进入盲端的次数(即错误次数)。穿梭箱主动回避反应实验:大鼠具有趋暗避光特性,穿梭箱有两室,暗室内大鼠接受电击,亮室没有电击,一盏40瓦电灯作为条件刺激。在灯光刺激后的5s暗室给予电击,每分钟测试一次,每天训练20次。多次训练后,大鼠能在灯光刺激后的5s内跑到亮室以逃避电击,为主动性回避反应。如果连续10次测试中出现9次条件回避反应,即认大鼠已经学会。大鼠学会回避的训练次数越少表示学习记忆功能越好。旋转棒测试将用于评估动物的运动和协调性能。在HIE大鼠后第 0,3,7,14,28天以5-32rpm的滚动速率进行测试。将大鼠置于杆上并观察1分钟。持有杆而不倒下的大鼠的持续时间将被记录为第一天的试验。第二天,将大鼠再次以5-32rpm的滚动速率放在杆上。将记录保持杆的持续时间。
实施例7组织化学检测
1.脑组织梗死灶体积测定(TTC染色):取出大脑后用0℃的生理盐水冲洗,置人-20℃冰箱内冷冻后,自前脑额极起用组织切片机连续切出5~6片冠状切片,将脑片置入2%TTC染色液中,37℃避光孵育30min。继用数码相机拍照后输入计算器病理图像分析系统,测得每个脑片缺血面积。参照 Nedergaard脑体积计算公式进行脑梗死灶体积近似值的计算。
2.HE染色:断头处死大鼠,解剖分离出完整大脑及海马4%甲醛溶液固定24小时,常规石蜡包埋,从视交叉开始冠状连续切片(片厚5μm)。切片入二甲苯脱蜡分钟,100%-75%梯度酒精各浸泡1分钟,最后蒸馏水浸泡1 分钟。苏木素染色5-10分钟,蒸馏水漂洗干净。置于1%盐酸酒精中浸泡片刻即出,以除去非特异性染色。饱和碳酸锂浸泡返蓝片刻.0.5%伊红溶液染色 4-7分钟,蒸馏水漂洗干净0.75%-100%梯度酒精脱水各1分钟。透明,封片。显微镜下观察CA1,CA3区,齿状回神经元形态。
3.细胞神经分化率的检测:免疫组化检测移植后不同时间点移植细胞神经元,神经胶质细胞特异标志物的表达(巢蛋白,SOX2,NF-M,GFAP),计算神经分化率。移植细胞神经分化率=Y染色体或CM-语阳性和标志物双阳性细胞数/Y染色体或CM-语阳性细胞总数。通过GFP荧光标记和免疫共染鉴别增殖和分化细胞是来源于外源性干细胞或宿主内源性细胞,从而比较和明确外源性间充质干细胞是否具有促进内源性神经干细胞复制和分化以实现修复的作用。
4.免疫荧光染色:将大鼠心脏灌注后取出大脑,4%多聚甲醛溶液固定24 小时,30%蔗糖溶液脱水48小时,用OCT包埋后放置-80℃保存。用冰冻切片机将脑组织包埋块从视交叉开始冠状连续切片(片厚10μm)。冰冻切片固定后PBS洗3次×5分钟。含3%BSA的PBS溶液室温封闭1小时,加入I抗: GFAP(1:100,Millipore,MAB360),VIMENTIN(1:100,Abcam,ab8978), IBA-1(1:100,Abcam,ab15690),4℃孵育过夜。PBS洗3次×5分钟,加入Ⅱ抗IgG-488(1:400,Invitrogen,A-21202),室温孵育1小时。PBS洗3次×5 分钟,加入含DAPI的封片剂,封片,置荧光显微镜下观察。,通过对反应性星型胶质细胞标记蛋白GFAP和VIMENTIN,以及反应性小胶质细胞标记蛋白IBA-1的检测来评估损伤后的炎症反应,以明确新型干细胞对大脑中具重要免疫调节功能的小胶质细胞的调控作用。
实施例8 PC-12氧葡萄糖剥夺(OGD)模型
OGD损伤的PC-12细胞被用作HIE的快速和灵敏的体外模型。将PC-12 大鼠神经元细胞在补充有5%胎牛血清,10%马血清,100单位/ml青霉素 G钠和100μg/ml硫酸链霉素的RPMI 1640中培养。将细胞在低氧条件(5% CO 2,94%N 2,1%O 2)和高潮湿气氛下重悬浮在无葡萄糖的RPMI 1640中 4-6小时,然后放置于正常氧环境中(5%CO 2,95%O 2)24小时。在这种条件下,大约80%的PC-12细胞发生细胞死亡或凋亡。建立共培养体系,将GFP 标记的干细胞与OGD处理的PC-12细胞共培养48小时。细胞存活和增殖通过Cell Titer96水相细胞增殖测定和PCNA染色来测定。干细胞起源的神经元分化通过来自GFP和NF-M或MAP-2的共免疫荧光信号来证实。为了检查旁分泌效应,从干细胞收集条件培养基,并将其添加到经OGD处理的PC-12中。细胞生长通过细胞增殖测定来检测。
实施例9神经嵴间充质干细胞分泌液的神经保护作用
从干细胞收集条件培养基,并将其添加到低血清培养条件下的PC-12中。细胞生长通过细胞增殖测定来检测。并配置10%的SDS-Page胶,将样品用电泳缓冲液稀释后煮沸浓缩,按顺序加入泳道中。待溴酚蓝染料前沿到达分离胶底部,取下凝胶,用Bio-Red电转膜仪将蛋白转移至PVDF膜上。转移完毕,5%脱脂奶粉封闭1h,置于ERK抗体(1:1000)稀释液4℃下孵育过夜。加ECL(Pieces)发光剂,于凝胶成像仪中成像,用FluorChem SP软件对结果进行分析,βactin作为内参照。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.神经嵴细胞培养液,其特征在于,包括如下组分:
2.如权利要求1所述的神经嵴细胞培养液在培养神经嵴间充质干细胞中的应用。
3.神经嵴间充质干细胞的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:人胚胎干细胞或IPS细胞用StemPro培养基贴壁培养,保持其未分化状态;
步骤2:用Accutase消化并以1:10的比例传代全能干细胞;
步骤3:进行神经嵴分化时,以6×104个/cm2细胞的密度悬浮并接种于Geltrex涂布板;
步骤4:待细胞贴壁后将培养液更换为如权利要求1所述的神经嵴细胞培养液继续培养;
步骤5:每隔4~5天用Accutase消化并以1:5的比例传代;
步骤6:在所述神经嵴细胞培养液中生长16天后,通过流式细胞仪检测神经嵴干细胞的标记物P75和HNK1阳性率达到90%以上;
步骤7:体外培养2~3代后,用Accutase处理NCSCs,以5×104个细胞/cm2的密度种植于无涂层组织培养皿,并改用间充质干细胞培养液(DEME+10%FBS)培养;
步骤8:6~7天后用胰蛋白酶-EDTA将细胞以1:(3~4)的比例传代,并继续培养至少2代后,经流式细胞仪检测间充质细胞表型,即得。
4.如权利要求3所述的制备方法制得的神经嵴间充质干细胞。
5.如权利要求4所述的神经嵴间充质干细胞在制备减少大脑损伤面积的药物中的应用。
6.如权利要求4所述的神经嵴间充质干细胞在制备抑制缺血缺氧大脑的炎症反应的药物中的应用。
7.如权利要求4所述的神经嵴间充质干细胞在制备减弱由持续激活的星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞释放的大量炎性因子所造成的损害的药物中的应用。如权利要求4所述的神经嵴间充质干细胞在制备。
8.如权利要求4所述的神经嵴间充质干细胞在制备促进内源性神经干细胞的增殖、促进内源性神经干细胞的分化和/或促进突触连接形成的药物中的应用。
9.如权利要求4所述的神经嵴间充质干细胞在制备促进损伤大脑神经功能恢复的药物中的应用。
10.如权利要求5至9任一项所述的应用,其特征在于,Raf/MAPK通路和/或ERK通路的激活与所述神经嵴间充质干细胞的活性呈正相关。
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