CN110238403A - The composite material and preparation method of lightweight interlayer structure - Google Patents
The composite material and preparation method of lightweight interlayer structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN110238403A CN110238403A CN201810196260.9A CN201810196260A CN110238403A CN 110238403 A CN110238403 A CN 110238403A CN 201810196260 A CN201810196260 A CN 201810196260A CN 110238403 A CN110238403 A CN 110238403A
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 28
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010406 interfacial reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010358 mechanical oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
- B22F7/004—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature comprising at least one non-porous part
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
- B22F2003/145—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously by warm compacting, below debindering temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of composite material and preparation method of lightweight interlayer structure, and the interlayer structure is made of sandwich of layers and the outer layer being arranged in outside the sandwich of layers, in which: the sandwich of layers is the mixed powder of metal powder and ceramic hollow particle；The outer layer is metal powder.For technical solution of the present invention using the composite material of succinct convenient powder metallurgic method preparation lightweight interlayer structure, process is few, and production cost can be greatly lowered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of metal matrix composite, the in particular to composite material of lightweight interlayer structure and its preparation
Method.
Background technique
With aviation, the development of navigation, need to ship and aircraft etc. carry out light-weight design, mitigate continuous vibration or
The influence of fluctuation.It is therefore desirable to which ship and aircraft use impact resistance with higher and the material of energy absorption capacity.Wherein, sharp
It is an important developing direction with ceramic hollow microspheres development of metallic base foamed composite.Ceramic hollow microspheres have larger
Sphere diameter/wall ratio, low-density, high specific strength and the features such as bigger serface.Tiny balloon can produce under percussion
While raw irrecoverable deformation, moreover it is possible to certain security protection space be provided, there is good load-carrying properties and energy absorption
Ability.Therefore, metal foam composite material is prepared using ceramic hollow microspheres, a large amount of holes of tiny balloon can be inherited, made multiple
Condensation material has the characteristics that low-density, high rigidity-weight ratio and high strength-to-weight ratio.
Currently, there are a urgent problems to be solved for metal-based foam composite material --- low strength.Seriously constrain
Its extensive use as structural member.It is exploitation lightweight, high-strength it is therefore desirable to study the intensity method for improving such composite material
Metal foam composite material.For the mechanical performance for improving metal foaming material, it is necessary to provide a kind of lightweight interlayer structure
Composite material and preparation method.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of composite material and preparation method of lightweight interlayer structure, the composite woods
Material can overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there are the characteristics such as density is low, the sound absorption of high-modulus, high-strength and high ductility, energy-absorbing.
To achieve the goals above, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 2, according to an embodiment of the invention, providing a kind of composite material of lightweight interlayer structure,
Interlayer structure is made of sandwich of layers and the outer layer being arranged in outside sandwich of layers, in which: sandwich of layers is metal powder and hollow ceramic
The mixed powder of grain；Outer layer is metal powder；It preferably, is 40-90 μm for the partial size of the metal powder of sandwich of layers；Gold for outer layer
The partial size for belonging to powder is 30-70 μm.
The partial size of metal powder for outer layer is 30-70 μm, and the partial size of the metal powder for sandwich of layers is 40-90 μm, is had
Conducive to the obdurability and rigidity for improving outer layer, and the material of sandwich of layers can bear moderate finite deformation and absorb more energy.
Using the mixed powder of metal powder and ceramic hollow particle as sandwich of layers, sandwich of layers can be made there are a large amount of holes,
Under pressure condition, ceramic hollow particle become stress carrying element, can extraordinary absorption energy, further, since hollow
Ceramic particle be under pressure it is progressive broken, so can have biggish strain, sandwich of layers is made to be able to bear larger change
Shape and the more energy of absorption, outer layer can be improved the obdurability and rigidity of the composite material, and then improve the machine of the composite material
Tool performance.
It is put into rigid-ductile material (metal powder) in the outer layer of the sandwich of layers formed by metal powder and ceramic hollow particle, is made into
" sandwich " composite material, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the material of sandwich of layers are metal foaming material (metal powder and hollow ceramic
Grain), upper layer and lower layer or all outer layers are rigid-ductile material.Material can be improved in the skin-material of upper layer and lower layer or all outer layers
Obdurability, rigidity, the material of sandwich of layers can bear moderate finite deformation and absorb more energy, and such material is in collision prevention of vehicle and quick-fried
It is had a good application prospect in fried plate armour.
Further, ceramic hollow particle Al2O3、SiCHS、B4One or any two kinds among C or three's
Mixture.SiCHSFor hollow silicon carbide (SiC hollow sphere).
Further, metal powder be magnesium alloy powder, Al alloy powder, Titanium Powder one of or magnesium alloy powder and aluminium
The mixture of alloyed powder.
Further, the total volume fraction of mixed powder is calculated as 100%, wherein the volume fraction of metal powder be 40%~
80% (such as 42%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 62%, 65%, 70%, 73%, 76%, 78%), ceramic hollow particle
Volume fraction be 20%~60% (such as 22%, 24%, 27%, 30%, 35%, 38%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%,
58%).
Further, ceramic hollow particle is the ceramic hollow particle of microballoon, and the sphere diameter of microballoon is less than 3mm, wall thickness 10-
120 μm (such as 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm, 100 μm, 110 μm).Microballoon sphere diameter and wall thickness
The density and intensity of microballoon are directly affected, sphere diameter is big, and wall thickness is small, and Microsphere Density is small, low strength, so selection is closed as needed
Suitable sphere diameter and wall thickness.The sphere diameter of microballoon is less than 3mm, and the density and intensity of microballoon can meet simultaneously at 10-120 μm of wall thickness wants
It asks.
Further, as shown in Figure 1, outer layer includes upper outer layer and lower outer layer, sandwich of layers be located at upper outer layer and lower outer layer it
Between.The ratio between upper outer layer and the thickness of sandwich of layers are 1:100~1:5；The ratio between lower outer layer and the thickness of sandwich of layers are 1:100~1:5.
The ratio between upper outer layer and the thickness of sandwich of layers are 1:100~1:5 and the ratio between lower outer layer and the thickness of sandwich of layers are that 1:100~1:5 has
Conducive to realize interlayer structure weight and it is strong and unyielding in terms of requirement.According to demand, upper outer layer and lower outer layer can as it is thick
Or different thickness.
Further, as shown in Fig. 2, outer layer surrounds sandwich of layers entirely, it is preferable that the ratio between outer layer and the thickness of sandwich of layers are 1:
100~1:5.According to demand, the different location in outer layer can equally thick or different thickness.Composite material as shown in Figure 2
Shape can be random geometry, and the shape of outer layer and sandwich of layers is same or different, according to requiring design mold
Geometry carries out hot pressed sintering using the sintering furnace of corresponding size, obtains the composite material of corresponding geometry to meet not
Same demand.
On the other hand, the invention also discloses a kind of method of composite material for preparing above-mentioned lightweight interlayer structure, packets
Include following steps:
(1) it mixes powder: the metal powder for being used for sandwich of layers being mixed with ceramic hollow particle, obtains mixed powder；
(2) die-filling: to be successively laid with three layers by bottom to the top of mold in mould inside, comprising: one layer for outer layer
Metal powder, one layer by mixed powder obtained in step (1), one layer of metal powder for being used for outer layer, then sealed mold；
(3) hot pressed sintering: the mold installed in the step (2) being put into hot-pressed sintering furnace and is sintered, sintering temperature
Degree is 400-900 DEG C, sintering pressure 20-60MPa, soaking time 40-120min,
(4) it samples: mold being opened after taking out in hot-pressed sintering furnace, obtains the composite material of interlayer structure.
Hot-pressing sintering technique plays conclusive effect to the performance of composite material, and the factor for influencing sintering effect is mainly wrapped
Include sintering temperature, sintering pressure and heat-insulation pressure keeping time etc..Reasonable technological parameter has to Guan Chong the performance of composite material
The influence wanted, by experimental study, the selection process that the present invention explores hot pressed sintering is as follows:
(1) mold heat preservation temperature and time: 290~310 DEG C at a temperature of keep the temperature 25~35 minutes.By mold with 8
DEG C~speed of 12 DEG C/min is heated to 290~310 DEG C and keeps the temperature 25~35 minutes at this temperature, handle mainly has two in this way
The effect of a aspect, first is that protection mold；Second is that the powder particle in outer layer and sandwich of layers can be made while being kept the temperature at this temperature
25~35 minutes, keep the temperature of powder particle unified；It is warming up to sintering temperature again in following (2) steps, if by powder
Grain, which is directly raised to sintering temperature, may make the temperature disunity of powder particle, influence sintering effect, and then influence composite material
Performance.
(2) sintering pressure: in general, pressure is bigger, and powder particle contact is closer, and the hole between powder is got over
It is small, composite material consistency it is bigger, the pressure that the present invention selects be 20MPa~60MPa (such as 28MPa, 30MPa,
32MPa, 35MPa, 38MPa, 42MPa, 45MPa, 48MPa, 50MPa, 55MPa, 58MPa), such setting can be compound in guarantee
Under the premise of the performance of material, increase the hole between powder, to reduce the density of composite material.
(3) sintering temperature: one of an important factor for sintering temperature is influence sintering effect.Sintering temperature is higher, densification
Speed is faster, while consistency is higher.But sintering temperature is excessively high, it may appear that the abnormal growth of crystal grain, or enhance
There is a situation where interfacial reactions, such as SiC particulate to be easy to happen to react with alloy matrix aluminum and generate Al for body and matrix4C3Phase reduces
The mechanical property of product；The present invention (according to the difference of sintering powder material) preferably sintering temperature is 400-900 DEG C (such as 420
℃、445℃、468℃、480℃、505℃、560℃、615、670℃、725℃、750℃、830℃、885℃)。
(4) the heat-insulation pressure keeping time: the heat-insulation pressure keeping time is the time of densifying materials, grain development and elimination internal stress,
Time is too short, then densification has little time to complete and internal stress eliminates insufficient, overlong time, then is easy to cause crystal grain extremely raw
It is long.The soaking time that the present invention selects be 40-120min (such as 50min, 60min, 70min, 80min, 90min, 100min,
110min)。
Microstructure of composite using the method preparation lightweight interlayer structure of hot pressed sintering is fine and close, functional.
Further, further include following steps between step (1) and step (2):
It prepares prefabricated section: the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) being fitted into mold, is then put the mold
Enter in hot-pressed sintering furnace and be sintered, prepare prefabricated section sintering temperature be 400-900 DEG C (such as 420 DEG C, 445 DEG C, 468 DEG C,
480 DEG C, 505 DEG C, 560 DEG C, 615,670 DEG C, 725 DEG C, 750 DEG C, 830 DEG C, 885 DEG C), sintering pressure be 20-60MPa (such as
28MPa, 30MPa, 32MPa, 35MPa, 38MPa, 42MPa, 45MPa, 48MPa, 50MPa, 55MPa, 58MPa), soaking time is
40-120min (such as 50min, 60min, 70min, 80min, 90min, 100min, 110min) is obtained described sandwich after sintering
The prefabricated section of layer.
Technical solution of the present invention has the advantages that
1, process is few, and preparation method is simple: this preparation method is using succinct convenient powder metallurgic method preparation lightweight folder
The composite material of core structure, process is few, and production cost can be greatly lowered.
2, even tissue, intensity are high: this preparation method overcomes the reinforcement distribution occurred when the preparation of liquid the preparation method not
, since buoyancy segregation is the top the problem of.
3, the microstructure of composite for the lightweight interlayer structure that this method prepares is uniform, less or even inclined without reinforcement
Poly- phenomenon, to improve the comprehensive mechanical property of composite material.
4, applied widely: the preparation method is suitble to the preparation of multiple material.In material preparation, parent metal can use kind
Class is more, such as magnesium, aluminium, titanium, suitable dimensions are also wide.
Detailed description of the invention
The accompanying drawings constituting a part of this application is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and of the invention shows
Examples and descriptions thereof are used to explain the present invention for meaning property, does not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.Wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the composite material of the lightweight interlayer structure of one embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the composite material of the lightweight interlayer structure of another embodiment of the present invention.
Description of symbols: 1 sandwich of layers；2 outer layers；Outer layer on 21；22 lower outer layers.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.It should be noted that in the feelings not conflicted
Under condition, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application be can be combined with each other.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of composite materials of lightweight interlayer structure, are prepared by the following steps:
(1) it mixes powder: 6061 Al alloy powder of metal and Al of sandwich of layers will be used for2O3Ceramic hollow particle mixing, is mixed
Powder, the 42% of the total volume that wherein partial size of metal powder is 41-53 μm, volume is mixed powder, ceramic hollow particle is microballoon
Ceramic hollow particle, the 58% of the total volume that sphere diameter 3mm, wall thickness are 100 ± 5 μm, volume is mixed powder；
(2) die-filling: it is successively laid in mould inside by bottom to the top of mold: one layer of metal powder for outer layer,
With a thickness of 1mm, one layer by mixed powder obtained in step (1), with a thickness of 80mm, one layer of metal powder for being used for outer layer is thick
Degree is 1mm, then sealed mold；
(3) hot pressed sintering: the mold installed in step (2) is put into hot-pressed sintering furnace and is sintered, sintering temperature is
500 DEG C, sintering pressure 35MPa, sintering time 60min；
(4) it samples: mold being opened after taking out in hot-pressed sintering furnace, obtains the composite material of interlayer structure.
The composite material of lightweight interlayer structure manufactured in the present embodiment has following performance:
Density: 1.580~1.714g/cm3；Compression strength: 187.20 ± 19.4MPa.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of composite materials of lightweight interlayer structure, are prepared by the following steps:
(1) it mixes powder: the metal powder for being used for sandwich of layers being mixed with ceramic hollow particle, obtains mixed powder, wherein metal powder
Partial size be 41-53 μm, the total volume that volume is mixed powder 42%, ceramic hollow particle be microballoon ceramic hollow particle,
The 58% of the total volume that sphere diameter is 2mm, wall thickness is 70 ± 5 μm, volume is mixed powder；
(2) die-filling: it is successively laid in mould inside by bottom to the top of mold: one layer of metal powder for outer layer,
With a thickness of 2mm, one layer by mixed powder obtained in step (1), with a thickness of 50mm, one layer of metal powder for being used for outer layer is thick
Degree is 2mm, then sealed mold；
(3) hot pressed sintering: the mold installed in step (2) is put into hot-pressed sintering furnace and is sintered, sintering temperature is
500 DEG C, sintering pressure 35MPa, sintering time 60min；
(4) it samples: mold being opened after taking out in hot-pressed sintering furnace, obtains the composite material of interlayer structure.
The composite material of lightweight interlayer structure manufactured in the present embodiment has following performance:
Density: 1.425~1.65g/cm3；Compression strength: 149.1 ± 5.5MPa.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of composite materials of lightweight interlayer structure, are prepared by the following steps:
(1) it mixes powder: 6061 Al alloy powder of metal and Al of sandwich of layers will be used for2O3Ceramic hollow particle mixing, is mixed
Powder, the 52% of the total volume that wherein partial size of metal powder is 41-53 μm, volume is mixed powder, ceramic hollow particle is microballoon
Ceramic hollow particle, the 48% of the total volume that sphere diameter 3mm, wall thickness are 100 ± 5 μm, volume is mixed powder；
(2) die-filling: it is successively laid in mould inside by bottom to the top of mold: one layer of metal powder for outer layer,
With a thickness of 1mm, one layer by mixed powder obtained in step (1), with a thickness of 80mm, one layer of metal powder for being used for outer layer is thick
Degree is 1mm, then sealed mold；
(3) hot pressed sintering: the mold installed in step (2) is put into hot-pressed sintering furnace and is sintered, sintering temperature is
500 DEG C, sintering pressure 35MPa, sintering time 60min；
(4) it samples: mold being opened after taking out in hot-pressed sintering furnace, obtains the composite material of interlayer structure.
The composite material of lightweight interlayer structure manufactured in the present embodiment has following performance:
Density: 1.722~1.884g/cm3；Compression strength: 200 ± 18.5MPa.
Composite material using the lightweight interlayer structure of ceramic hollow particle preparation has low-density, high rigidity-weight
Than, high strength-to-weight ratio, since there are a large amount of holes, under pressure condition, microballoon becomes the carrying element of stress, can be very
Good absorption energy.Further, since ceramic hollow particle is progressive broken under pressure, it is possible to there is biggish answer
Become, such material has high damage tolerance, is able to maintain localized failure, therefore the internal impact of this composite material is born
Ability clearly, can inhibit mechanical oscillation, the propagation of decaying wave, can be widely applied including ballistic armor, aircaft configuration,
Structural partsof automobiles, automatic buffer area, medical prosthesis, the Aeronautics and Astronautics such as sound barrier and damper, military affairs, medical, civilian etc.
Field.
Compared with prior art, the composite material and preparation method of lightweight interlayer structure provided by the invention, has
Following advantage:
1, process is few, and preparation method is simple: this preparation method is using succinct convenient powder metallurgic method preparation lightweight folder
The composite material of core structure, process is few, and production cost can be greatly lowered.
2, even tissue, intensity are high: this preparation method overcomes the reinforcement distribution occurred when the preparation of liquid the preparation method not
, since buoyancy segregation is the top the problem of.
3, the microstructure of composite for the lightweight interlayer structure that this method prepares is uniform, less or even inclined without reinforcement
Poly- phenomenon, to improve the comprehensive mechanical property of composite material.
4, applied widely: the preparation method is suitble to the preparation of multiple material.In material preparation, parent metal can use kind
Class is more, such as magnesium, aluminium, titanium, suitable dimensions are also wide.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for those skilled in the art
For member, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, it is made it is any modification,
Equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of composite material of lightweight interlayer structure, which is characterized in that the interlayer structure is by sandwich of layers and is arranged in institute
State the outer layer composition outside sandwich of layers, in which:
The sandwich of layers is the mixed powder of metal powder and ceramic hollow particle；
The outer layer is metal powder.
2. composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ceramic hollow particle is Al2O3、SiCHS、B4C
Among one or any two kinds or three mixture.
3. composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the metal powder is magnesium alloy powder, Al alloy powder, titanium
Alloyed powder one of or magnesium alloy powder and Al alloy powder mixture.
4. composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The total volume fraction of the mixed powder is calculated as 100%, wherein the volume fraction of the metal powder is 40%~80%, institute
The volume fraction for stating ceramic hollow particle is 20%~60%.
5. composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ceramic hollow particle is the hollow ceramic of microballoon
Particle, the sphere diameter of the microballoon are less than 3mm, and wall thickness is 10-120 μm.
6. composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The partial size of metal powder for the sandwich of layers is 40-90 μm；
The partial size of metal powder for the outer layer is 30-70 μm.
7. composite material according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the outer layer includes upper outer layer and lower outer layer, described
Sandwich of layers between the upper outer layer and the lower outer layer,
Preferably, the ratio between the upper outer layer and the thickness of the sandwich of layers are 1:100~1:5；
The ratio between the lower outer layer and the thickness of the sandwich of layers are 1:100~1:5.
8. composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the outer layer surrounds the sandwich of layers entirely, described outer
Layer is same or different with the shape of the sandwich of layers,
Preferably, the ratio between the outer layer and the thickness of the sandwich of layers are 1:100~1:5.
9. the method for preparing composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, which comprises the steps of:
(1) it mixes powder: the metal powder for being used for the sandwich of layers being mixed with the ceramic hollow particle, obtains mixed powder；
(2) die-filling: to be successively laid with three layers by bottom to the top of mold in mould inside, comprising: one layer for the outer layer
The metal powder, one layer by the mixed powder obtained in the step (1), one layer of metal powder for being used for the outer layer,
Then sealed mold；
(3) hot pressed sintering: the mold installed in the step (2) is put into hot-pressed sintering furnace and is sintered, sintering temperature is
450~550 DEG C, sintering pressure 20-60MPa, soaking time 40-120min；
(4) it samples: mold being opened after taking out in the hot-pressed sintering furnace, obtains the composite material of the interlayer structure.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, also being wrapped between the step (1) and the step (2)
Include following steps:
It prepares prefabricated section: the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) being fitted into mold, the mold is then put into heat
It is sintered in pressure sintering furnace, sintering temperature is 400-900 DEG C, sintering pressure 20-60MPa, soaking time 40-
120min obtains the prefabricated section of the sandwich of layers after sintering.
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