CN110229612B - Film forming powder for apple bagging-free and preparation and use methods thereof - Google Patents
Film forming powder for apple bagging-free and preparation and use methods thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D189/00—Coating compositions based on proteins; Coating compositions based on derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/63—Additives non-macromolecular organic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/65—Additives macromolecular
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G2013/004—Liquid mulch
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
- C08K2003/2237—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of titanium
- C08K2003/2241—Titanium dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
- C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
Abstract
The invention discloses a bagging-free film forming powder for apples, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.65-1.68% of starch, 3.81-3.85% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 6.65-6.75% of gelatin, 0.30-0.34% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.32-1.34% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1.80-1.86% of nano titanium dioxide, 0.30-0.34% of boric acid, 0.02-0.03% of salicylic acid, 0.62-0.68% of methyl jasmonate and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the mass of the components is 100%; the film forming powder has simple preparation process and convenient use, and solves the problems of low bagging efficiency and high labor cost; moreover, the apples are more fragrant and sweet, are more fresh and crisp and have longer fresh-keeping time; and the film sprayed on the fruit surface can be automatically degraded and absorbed by the fruit trees.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of film forming powder, relates to film forming powder for apple bagging-free, and also relates to a preparation method and a use method of the film forming powder for the apple bagging-free.
Background
The apple is a beautiful name of wisdom fruit and contains rich nutrient substances. An apple contains about 30 mg of flavonoids, 5 g of dietary fibers, 170 mg of potassium, 10 mg of calcium, 22 g of carbohydrates, 7.8 g of VC, 7.8 g of VB, etc. After being eaten, the health food can produce saliva, quench thirst, reduce blood fat, nourish yin, moisten lung, calm and calm nerves. And can maintain the balance of electrolytes and acid and alkali, reduce cholesterol, and prevent and resist cancer. However, the apple is very susceptible to external influences in the ripening process, so that the apple cannot grow healthily, and the technology of sleeving the apple with a paper bag is introduced.
Traditional envelopes originated in japan and had a history of over a hundred years. Can improve the appearance of apples, avoid the attachment of pesticide and dust on the surfaces of apples and reduce fruit rust. However, the conventional paper bags are relatively centralized in bag covering and replacing time, labor needs are high in a short period, labor amount is large, and people are difficult to hire. It is not a small burden for fruit growers. In addition, the traditional paper bag reduces sweetness and hardness of the apple, so that the taste of the apple is poor. With the increasing economic level, the consumption concept of people is changed, and the demand of high-quality apples is gradually increased. Secondly, most of the control effect of the traditional bagging bags is lost, so that the apples are still in a 'dangerous' state, and the new technology is a necessary trend to replace the traditional bagging bags.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bagging-free film forming powder for apples, which solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by a traditional paper bag and also solves the problem of poor taste of apples in the traditional paper bag.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the film-forming powder for apple bagging-free, which is simple.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application method of the film-forming powder for apple bagging-free, which is simple to use and high in efficiency, and solves the problems of low efficiency and high labor cost in the traditional apple bagging-off process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the film forming powder for apple bagging-free comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.65-1.68% of starch, 3.81-3.85% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 6.65-6.75% of gelatin, 0.30-0.34% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.32-1.34% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1.80-1.86% of nano titanium dioxide, 0.30-0.34% of boric acid, 0.02-0.03% of salicylic acid, 0.62-0.68% of methyl jasmonate and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is to provide a preparation method of the film-forming powder for apple bagging-free, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 1.65-1.68% of starch, 3.81-3.85% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 6.65-6.75% of gelatin, 0.30-0.34% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.32-1.34% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1.80-1.86% of nano titanium dioxide, 0.30-0.34% of boric acid, 0.02-0.03% of salicylic acid, 0.62-0.68% of methyl jasmonate and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2, adding the starch, the gelatin and the sodium dodecyl sulfate weighed in the step 1 into the water weighed in the step 1, and uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic to obtain a dispersion liquid 1;
step 3, adding the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, the nano titanium dioxide, the boric acid, the salicylic acid and the methyl jasmonate weighed in the step 1 into the dispersion liquid 1, and after uniform ultrasonic dispersion, continuously stirring for 50-60 min to obtain a dispersion liquid 2;
step 4, placing the dispersion liquid 2 obtained in the step 3 in a microwave reaction furnace for full reaction, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a suspension liquid;
and 5, pouring out the supernatant in the suspension to obtain a precipitate, sequentially washing the precipitate for 4-6 times by using deionized water and ethanol, and drying the precipitate in a drying box to obtain the film forming powder for bagging-free apples.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the ultrasonic dispersion time in the step 2 is 15 min-20 min.
The ultrasonic dispersion time in the step 3 is 23-28 min.
In the step 4, the reaction temperature in the microwave oven is 96-104 ℃, and the reaction time is 12-20 min.
The drying temperature in step 5 is 75-85 ℃.
The third technical scheme adopted by the invention is to provide a using method of the film-forming powder for apple bagging-free, which comprises the following specific processes: and (3) uniformly mixing the film forming powder with water, and spraying the mixture onto the surface of the apple to completely wet the apple.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the mass ratio of the film forming powder to water is 1: 50-60.
The temperature of water for dissolving the film forming powder is 22-32 ℃.
The spraying frequency of the aqueous solution of the film-forming powder for bagging-free apples is 30-40 days, and the initial spraying time is in late May.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the film forming powder for the apple bagging-free is nontoxic and harmless, is directly sprayed after being dissolved, avoids the problem of environmental pollution caused by a traditional paper bag, and solves the problem of poor taste of the apple in the traditional paper bag;
(2) the preparation method of the film forming powder for the apple bagging-free is simple in preparation process and easy to operate, and the prepared solution can form a colorless transparent film when being sprayed on the apple, so that the illumination duration of the apple can be prolonged compared with the traditional bagging method, and the sweetness, hardness and taste of the apple are improved; meanwhile, the film can effectively prevent the invasion of plant diseases and insect pests and improve the quality of the apples; the film has good ductility and cannot be broken due to rain wash and fruit growth; after the film is used, the film can be automatically degraded to provide nutrient substances for fruit trees;
(3) the application method of the film-forming powder for the apple bagging-free is characterized in that the film-forming powder is mixed with water to form a solution, the solution is sprayed to the surface of the apple after contacting with air, a layer of protective film is rapidly formed on the surface of the apple, fruits are separated from external pollution, the traditional paper bag is replaced, the efficiency is higher, the problem of labor shortage is solved, and the economic burden of fruit growers is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a bagging-free film forming powder for apples, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.65-1.68% of starch, 3.81-3.85% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 6.65-6.75% of gelatin, 0.30-0.34% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.32-1.34% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1.80-1.86% of nano titanium dioxide, 0.30-0.34% of boric acid, 0.02-0.03% of salicylic acid, 0.62-0.68% of methyl jasmonate and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The film forming powder for the apple bagging-free is prepared by the following specific steps:
step 1, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 1.65-1.68% of starch, 3.81-3.85% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 6.65-6.75% of gelatin, 0.30-0.34% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.32-1.34% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1.80-1.86% of nano titanium dioxide, 0.30-0.34% of boric acid, 0.02-0.03% of salicylic acid, 0.62-0.68% of methyl jasmonate and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2, adding the starch, the gelatin and the sodium dodecyl sulfate weighed in the step 1 into the water weighed in the step 1, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 15-20 min to obtain a dispersion liquid 1; when starch, gelatin and sodium dodecyl sulfate are added, the starch, the gelatin and the sodium dodecyl sulfate can be added in sequence for better dissolving effect;
step 3, adding the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, the nano titanium dioxide, the boric acid, the salicylic acid and the methyl jasmonate weighed in the step 1 into the dispersion liquid 1, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 23-28 min, and then continuing stirring for 50-60 min to obtain a dispersion liquid 2; when the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, the nano titanium dioxide, the boric acid, the salicylic acid and the methyl jasmonate are added, the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, the nano titanium dioxide, the boric acid, the salicylic acid and the methyl jasmonate can be added in sequence for better dissolving effect;
step 4, placing the dispersion liquid 2 obtained in the step 3 in a microwave reaction furnace to react at 96-104 ℃ for 12-20 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a suspension liquid;
and 5, pouring out the supernatant in the suspension to obtain a precipitate, sequentially washing the precipitate for 4-6 times by using deionized water and ethanol respectively, and then placing the precipitate in a drying oven to dry at 75-85 ℃ to obtain the film forming powder for the apple bagging-free.
The specific use process of the film-forming powder for apple bagging-free is as follows: and uniformly mixing the film forming powder with water at the temperature of 22-32 ℃ in a mass ratio of 1: 50-60, and spraying the mixture onto the surface of the apple to completely wet the apple.
The spraying frequency of the aqueous solution of the film-forming powder for bagging-free apples is 30-40 days, and the initial spraying time is in late May.
The product of the invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
example 1
The specific preparation steps of the film forming powder for apple bagging-free are as follows:
step 1, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 1.65% of starch, 3.81% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 6.65% of gelatin, 0.30% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.32% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1.80% of nano titanium dioxide, 0.30% of boric acid, 0.02% of salicylic acid, 0.62% of methyl jasmonate and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2, adding the starch, the gelatin and the sodium dodecyl sulfate weighed in the step 1 into the water weighed in the step 1, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 15min to obtain a dispersion liquid 1;
step 3, adding the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, the nano titanium dioxide, the boric acid, the salicylic acid and the methyl jasmonate weighed in the step 1 into the dispersion liquid 1, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 23min, and then continuing stirring for 50min to obtain a dispersion liquid 2;
step 4, placing the dispersion liquid 2 obtained in the step 3 in a microwave reaction furnace to react for 12min at 96 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a suspension liquid;
and 5, pouring out the supernatant in the suspension to obtain a precipitate, sequentially washing the precipitate for 4 times by using deionized water and ethanol respectively, and then placing the precipitate in a drying box to dry the precipitate at 75 ℃ to obtain the film forming powder for bagging-free apples.
The specific use process of the film-forming powder for apple bagging-free is as follows: and uniformly mixing the film forming powder with water at the temperature of 22 ℃ in a mass ratio of 1:50, and spraying the mixture onto the surface of the apple to completely wet the apple.
The spraying frequency of the aqueous solution of the film-forming powder for bagging-free apples is 30-40 days, and the initial spraying time is in late May.
Example 2
The specific preparation steps of the film forming powder for apple bagging-free are as follows:
step 1, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 1.68% of starch, 3.85% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 6.75% of gelatin, 0.34% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.34% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1.86% of nano titanium dioxide, 0.34% of boric acid, 0.03% of salicylic acid, 0.68% of methyl jasmonate and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2, adding the starch, the gelatin and the sodium dodecyl sulfate weighed in the step 1 into the water weighed in the step 1, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 20min to obtain a dispersion liquid 1;
step 3, adding the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, the nano titanium dioxide, the boric acid, the salicylic acid and the methyl jasmonate weighed in the step 1 into the dispersion liquid 1, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 28min, and then continuing stirring for 60min to obtain a dispersion liquid 2;
step 4, placing the dispersion liquid 2 obtained in the step 3 in a microwave reaction furnace to react for 20min at 104 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a suspension liquid;
and 5, pouring out the supernatant in the suspension to obtain a precipitate, sequentially washing the precipitate for 6 times by using deionized water and ethanol respectively, and then placing the precipitate in a drying box to dry at 85 ℃ to obtain the film forming powder for bagging-free apples.
The specific use process of the film-forming powder for apple bagging-free is as follows: and uniformly mixing the film forming powder with water at the temperature of 32 ℃ in a mass ratio of 1:60, and spraying the mixture onto the surface of the apple to completely wet the apple.
The spraying frequency of the aqueous solution of the film-forming powder for bagging-free apples is 30-40 days, and the initial spraying time is in late May.
Example 3
The film forming powder for the apple bagging-free is prepared by the following specific steps:
step 1, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 1.66% of starch, 3.83% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 6.70% of gelatin, 0.33% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.33% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1.84% of nano titanium dioxide, 0.32% of boric acid, 0.025% of salicylic acid, 0.64% of methyl jasmonate and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2, adding the starch, the gelatin and the sodium dodecyl sulfate weighed in the step 1 into the water weighed in the step 1, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 18min to obtain a dispersion liquid 1;
step 3, adding the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, the nano titanium dioxide, the boric acid, the salicylic acid and the methyl jasmonate weighed in the step 1 into the dispersion liquid 1, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 25min, and then continuing stirring for 55min to obtain a dispersion liquid 2;
step 4, placing the dispersion liquid 2 obtained in the step 3 in a microwave reaction furnace to react for 15min at 99 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a suspension liquid;
and 5, pouring out the supernatant in the suspension to obtain a precipitate, sequentially washing the precipitate for 4 times by using deionized water and ethanol respectively, and then placing the precipitate in a drying box to dry the precipitate at 78 ℃ to obtain the film forming powder for bagging-free apples.
The specific use process of the film-forming powder for apple bagging-free is as follows: and uniformly mixing the film forming powder with water at the temperature of 28 ℃ in a mass ratio of 1:55, and spraying the mixture onto the surface of the apple to completely wet the apple.
The spraying frequency of the aqueous solution of the film-forming powder for bagging-free apples is 30-40 days, and the initial spraying time is in late May.
Example 4
The film forming powder for the apple bagging-free is prepared by the following specific steps:
step 1, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 1.65% of starch, 3.85% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 6.65% of gelatin, 0.30% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.34% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1.80% of nano titanium dioxide, 0.33% of boric acid, 0.02% of salicylic acid, 0.68% of methyl jasmonate and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2, adding the starch, the gelatin and the sodium dodecyl sulfate weighed in the step 1 into the water weighed in the step 1, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 15min to obtain a dispersion liquid 1;
step 3, adding the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, the nano titanium dioxide, the boric acid, the salicylic acid and the methyl jasmonate weighed in the step 1 into the dispersion liquid 1, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 28min, and then continuing stirring for 60min to obtain a dispersion liquid 2;
step 4, placing the dispersion liquid 2 obtained in the step 3 in a microwave reaction furnace to react for 18min at 104 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a suspension liquid;
and 5, pouring out the supernatant in the suspension to obtain a precipitate, sequentially washing the precipitate for 5 times by using deionized water and ethanol respectively, and then placing the precipitate in a drying box to dry the precipitate at 82 ℃ to obtain the film forming powder for bagging-free apples.
The specific use process of the film-forming powder for apple bagging-free is as follows: and uniformly mixing the film forming powder with water at the temperature of 30 ℃ in a mass ratio of 1:58, and spraying the mixture onto the surface of the apple to completely wet the apple.
The spraying frequency of the aqueous solution of the film-forming powder for bagging-free apples is 30-40 days, and the initial spraying time is in late May.
Example 5
The film forming powder for the apple bagging-free is prepared by the following specific steps:
step 1, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 1.67% of starch, 3.81% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 6.66% of gelatin, 0.34% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.32% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1.80% of nano titanium dioxide, 0.30% of boric acid, 0.02% of salicylic acid, 0.62% of methyl jasmonate and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2, adding the starch, the gelatin and the sodium dodecyl sulfate weighed in the step 1 into the water weighed in the step 1, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 15min to obtain a dispersion liquid 1;
step 3, adding the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, the titanium dioxide, the boric acid, the salicylic acid and the methyl jasmonate weighed in the step 1 into the dispersion liquid 1, performing ultrasonic dispersion for 25min, and then continuing stirring for 60min to obtain a dispersion liquid 2;
step 4, placing the dispersion liquid 2 obtained in the step 3 in a microwave reaction furnace to react for 15min at 100 ℃, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a suspension liquid;
and 5, pouring out the supernatant in the suspension to obtain a precipitate, sequentially washing the precipitate for 6 times by using deionized water and ethanol respectively, and then placing the precipitate in a drying box to dry the precipitate at 80 ℃ to obtain the film forming powder for bagging-free apples.
The specific use process of the film-forming powder for apple bagging-free is as follows: and uniformly mixing the film forming powder with water at the temperature of 22-32 ℃ in a mass ratio of 1:53, and spraying the mixture onto the surface of the apple to completely wet the apple.
The spraying frequency of the aqueous solution of the film-forming powder for bagging-free apples is 30-40 days, and the initial spraying time is in late May.
As the experiment is carried out in Yan' an in Shaanxi, the apples begin to grow in the last 5 th month, so the initial spraying time in the application is all in the last 5 th month, and the apples need to be colored by a large amount of light in the 30-45 days before the mature period of the apples, and the termination time of spraying is 30-45 days before the mature period of the apples.
The following tests on the use effect of the filming powder prepared in examples 1 to 5 were performed, wherein 5 apple trees were selected, and the filming powder aqueous solutions prepared in examples 1 to 5 were used for the same initial spraying time, and the spraying frequency in examples 1 to 5 was used for the experiments, so that the specific experimental numbers of the observed experimental results were as follows (hardness, gloss are all represented by 0 to 1, and 1 is the best effect):
TABLE 1 Experimental data on the use effects of the film forming powders prepared in examples 1 to 5
| Fruit quality | Sugar content | Hardness of | Gloss of | Appearance of the product | Rate of degradation |
| Example 1 | 18.4％ | 0.77 | 0.72 | Smooth surface almost without fruit stain | 98.2％ |
| Example 2 | 18.2％ | 0.80 | 0.65 | Smooth surface almost without fruit stain | 98.4％ |
| Example 3 | 17.7％ | 0.78 | 0.74 | Smooth surface almost without fruit stain | 98.7％ |
| Example 4 | 17.8％ | 0.83 | 0.68 | Smooth surface almost without fruit stain | 98.6％ |
| Example 5 | 18.5％ | 0.75 | 0.65 | Smooth surface almost without fruit stain | 98.3％ |
According to the experimental data, after the product disclosed by the application is used, the indexes such as sugar content, hardness, luster and the like of the apples are good, the degradation rate is high, and the pollution to the environment is small.
The determination process of the dissolution temperature of the film forming powder, the spraying frequency of the film forming powder solution and the spraying time in the application is as follows:
the following experiments were performed on 3 apple trees, and in all three experiments, the aqueous solution of the bagging-free film forming powder for apples prepared in example 5 was sprayed on the surface of an apple by using a sprayer to form a film on the surface of the apple, and the specifically observed experimental effects were as follows:
(1) the initial spraying time is fixed in late May ten days, the termination time is 30-45 days before the mature period of the apples, the water temperature of dissolved products is fixed to (15 +/-2) DEG C, the samples in the embodiment 5 are used for spraying after being dissolved, the spraying frequency is changed, and the test data are as follows:
| fruit quality | Frequency of spraying | Sugar content | Hardness of | Gloss of | Appearance of the product | Rate of degradation |
| 2 times (one time) | 17.6％ | 0.77 | 0.63 | The surface is smooth and has more fruit rusty spots | 98.7％ | |
| 3 times of | 17.3％ | 0.80 | 0.72 | Has a smooth surface with a small amount of fruit rust spots | 97.9％ | |
| 4 times (twice) | 16.7％ | 0.69 | 0.61 | Has a smooth surface with a small amount of fruit rust spots | 92.4％ |
(2) The initial spraying time is fixed in late May ten days, the termination time is 30-45 days before the mature period of the apples, the water temperature of dissolved products is fixed to (25 +/-2) DEG C, the samples in the embodiment 5 are used for spraying after being dissolved, the spraying frequency is changed, and the test data are as follows:
| fruit quality | Frequency of spraying | Sugar content | Hardness of | Gloss of | Appearance of the product | Rate of degradation |
| 2 times (one time) | 18.7％ | 0.89 | 0.73 | Has a smooth surface with a small amount of fruit rust spots | 98.8％ | |
| 3 times of | 18.5％ | 0.92 | 0.88 | Smooth surface almost without fruit stain | 98.1％ | |
| 4 times (twice) | 17.8％ | 0.81 | 0.72 | Smooth surface almost without fruit stain | 93.7％ |
(3) The initial spraying time is fixed in late May ten days, the termination time is 30-45 days before the mature period of the apples, the water temperature of dissolved products is fixed to (35 +/-2) DEG C, the samples in the embodiment 5 are used for spraying after being dissolved, the spraying frequency is changed, and the test data are as follows:
| fruit quality | Frequency of spraying | Sugar content | Hardness of | Gloss of | Appearance of the product | Rate of degradation |
| 2 times (one time) | 18.8％ | 0.90 | 0.72 | Has a smooth surface with a small amount of fruit rust spots | 98.6％ | |
| 3 times of | 18.7％ | 0.92 | 0.89 | Smooth surface almost without fruit stain | 98.2％ | |
| 4 times (twice) | 17.9％ | 0.83 | 0.73 | Smooth surface almost without fruit stain | 93.4％ |
The water temperature and the initial spraying time are fixed in the first group of experiments, the spraying times are changed, and the comparison of the first group of experiment data can find that each index data sprayed for 3 times is better; the water temperature and the initial spraying time are fixed in the second group of experiments, the spraying times are changed, and the comparison of the second group of experiment data can find that each index data sprayed for 3 times is better; the water temperature and the initial spraying time are fixed in the second group of experiments, the spraying times are changed, and the data of each index sprayed for 3 times can be found better through the comparison of the third group of experimental data, so that the spraying frequency is selected to be 3 times, and the frequency of spraying once in 30-40 days is better.
The dissolution temperature of the film forming powder in the three groups of experiments is different, and the dissolution temperature of the film forming powder is determined to be 22-32 ℃ because the dissolution temperature of the film forming powder is not greatly influenced by comparing the three groups of experimental data when the temperature is 25 +/-2 and 35 +/-2
Therefore, the film forming powder for bagging-free apples is simple in components, simple in preparation process and convenient to use, and can be sprayed to the surfaces of apples to form a film on the surfaces of the apples by a sprayer only by mixing the film forming powder prepared by the invention with water to protect the apples; by using the film forming powder to protect apples, the problems of low bagging efficiency and high labor cost are solved, and the investment of fruit growers is reduced; on the other hand, the film forming powder enables the apple to be bright and clean in color, so that the apple is more fragrant and sweet and is more fresh and crisp, and the preservation time is longer; the film formed on the surface of the apple after the film forming powder is used can be automatically degraded and absorbed by fruit trees; in conclusion, the apple protective bag can completely replace the traditional paper bag to achieve the purpose of protecting apples, and is suitable for wide application.
Claims (6)
1. The film forming powder for bagging-free apples is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation processes:
step 1, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 1.65-1.68% of starch, 3.81-3.85% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 6.65-6.75% of gelatin, 0.30-0.34% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.32-1.34% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1.80-1.86% of nano titanium dioxide, 0.30-0.34% of boric acid, 0.02-0.03% of salicylic acid, 0.62-0.68% of methyl jasmonate and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2, adding the starch, the gelatin and the sodium dodecyl sulfate weighed in the step 1 into the water weighed in the step 1, and uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic to obtain a dispersion liquid 1;
step 3, adding the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, the titanium dioxide, the boric acid, the salicylic acid and the methyl jasmonate weighed in the step 1 into the dispersion liquid 1, and after uniform ultrasonic dispersion, continuously stirring for 50-60 min to obtain a dispersion liquid 2;
step 4, placing the dispersion liquid 2 obtained in the step 3 in a microwave reaction furnace to react at 96-104 ℃ for 12-20 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a suspension liquid;
and 5, pouring out the supernatant in the suspension to obtain a precipitate, sequentially washing the precipitate for 4-6 times by using deionized water and ethanol, and drying the precipitate in a drying oven at 75-85 ℃ to obtain the film-forming powder for the apple bagging-free.
2. The preparation method of the film-forming powder for the apple bagging-free according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 1.65-1.68% of starch, 3.81-3.85% of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 6.65-6.75% of gelatin, 0.30-0.34% of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1.32-1.34% of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, 1.80-1.86% of nano titanium dioxide, 0.30-0.34% of boric acid, 0.02-0.03% of salicylic acid, 0.62-0.68% of methyl jasmonate and the balance of water, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2, adding the starch, the gelatin and the sodium dodecyl sulfate weighed in the step 1 into the water weighed in the step 1, and uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic to obtain a dispersion liquid 1;
step 3, adding the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, the titanium dioxide, the boric acid, the salicylic acid and the methyl jasmonate weighed in the step 1 into the dispersion liquid 1, and after uniform ultrasonic dispersion, continuously stirring for 50-60 min to obtain a dispersion liquid 2;
step 4, placing the dispersion liquid 2 obtained in the step 3 in a microwave reaction furnace to react at 96-104 ℃ for 12-20 min, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a suspension liquid;
and 5, pouring out the supernatant in the suspension to obtain a precipitate, sequentially washing the precipitate for 4-6 times by using deionized water and ethanol, and drying the precipitate in a drying oven at 75-85 ℃ to obtain the film-forming powder for the apple bagging-free.
3. The method for preparing the film forming powder for the apple bagging-free according to claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic dispersion time in the step 2 is 15-20 min.
4. The method for preparing the film forming powder for the apple bagging-free according to claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic dispersion time in the step 3 is 23-28 min.
5. The use method of the film-forming powder for apple bagging-free according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by comprising the following specific steps: uniformly mixing the film forming powder and water in a mass ratio of 1: 50-60, and spraying the mixture onto the surface of an apple to completely wet the apple, wherein the spraying frequency is 30-40 days, and the initial spraying time is in late May.
6. The use method of the filming powder for apple bagging-free according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of water for dissolving the filming powder is 22-32 ℃.
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| CN114391402B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-05-09 | 陕西佳上肥料科技有限公司 | Bagging-free film for apples |
| CN115572511A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2023-01-06 | 宝鸡文理学院 | Fruit bag-free film solution with controllable decomposition time and application thereof |
| CN116694154B (en) * | 2023-06-19 | 2023-11-10 | 甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所 | Film agent for improving fruit surface gloss and preparation and use methods thereof |
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| CN102504454A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2012-06-20 | 郝喜海 | Ultraviolet resistant polyvinyl alcohol fruit bag film preparation formula and technology thereof |
| CN103145493A (en) * | 2013-02-24 | 2013-06-12 | 崔青青 | Surface spraying film agent for plant |
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| CN106342605A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-01-25 | 怀远县荆涂山石榴科技有限公司 | Fruit protection technology without bagging for pomegranate |
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