CN110229101B - 用于检测黏度的aie荧光化合物及其制备与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于检测黏度的AIE荧光化合物及其制备与应用。所述荧光探针定量黏度的荧光检测原理为:增加黏度后,探针(I)的分子内扭转受到抑制,共轭性质提高,从而出现新的共轭平面,使荧光产生红移。本发明提供了一种新的用于检测黏度的AIE荧光化合物,可用于检测细胞内黏度的变化,从而为疾病的研究和治疗提供新的思路。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于检测黏度的AIE荧光化合物及其制备与应用。
(二)背景技术
细胞内黏度是一个重要的环境因素来维持细胞扩散处理和一系列生理活动有着深刻影响,包括生化反应、分子和蛋白质运输和细胞膜结构状态。生物黏度的变化与人的很多疾病息息相关,例如动脉粥样硬化、糖尿病和阿尔茨海默氏症。因此,发展高分辨率的有效方法来监测细胞内的黏度变化具有极其重要的价值和意义。近些年来,随着荧光技术的发展,小分子荧光探针被设计为检测细胞内黏度的变化,从而为疾病的研究和治疗提供新的思路。
具有AIE特征的化合物具有聚集态下高效发光的特点,从根本上克服了聚集导致荧光猝灭的难题,引起了广泛的研究兴趣。
(三)发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种新型的用于检测黏度的AIE荧光化合物及其制备与应用。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种用于检测黏度的AIE荧光化合物,结构如式(I)所示:
本发明还涉及制备所述AIE荧光化合物的方法,所述方法包括:以式(II)所示的2-甲基喹啉化合物和式(III)的苯甲醛为底物,在无水二乙酸铁和三氟乙酸存在下,100~120℃反应10~18h,制得式(I)所示AIE荧光化合物;反应结束后,利用减压旋转蒸发仪抽干甲苯,所得反应液中加入饱和NaCl水溶液,用二氯甲烷萃取,取有机层经过无水硫酸镁干燥、过滤、常温下旋转蒸除溶剂,即得粗品;将粗品进行硅胶柱层析,以乙酸乙酯和石油醚的体积比为1:8的溶液为流动相,TLC跟踪收集Rf值为0.3~0.5的洗脱液,收集得到的洗脱液经减压除去溶剂,干燥,得到所述荧光化合物。
具体的,所述反应在甲苯溶液中进行。
优选的,所述2-甲基-6甲氧基喹啉化合物、硫醚苯甲醛、无水二乙酸铁和三氟乙酸物质的量之比为1:1:0.05:0.05。
本发明还涉及所述AIE荧光化合物在制备荧光探针中的应用。
进一步,检测所述荧光探针AIE特征的具体方法为:化合物(I)分别加入到DCM,THF,MeOH,Acetone和超纯水中,测定在激发为360nm时发射波长460nm处探针的荧光强度;化合物(I)加入到不同比例的THF/H2O溶液中,测定在激发为360nm时发射波长460nm处探针的荧光强度变化;通过LLS测量HAPH在DMSO/H2O中的流体动力学直径(v/v=1:99),从而说明所述探针具有AIE特征。
具体的,所述荧光探针用于黏度检测。本发明所述化合物(I)作为一种荧光探针,可应用于黏度的荧光定量检测。所述的定量黏度的荧光检测原理为:增加黏度后,探针(I)的分子内扭转受到抑制,共轭性质提高,从而出现新的共轭平面,使荧光产生红移。
进一步,所述pH荧光探针用于测定细胞内黏度值。
优选的,所述细胞为人宫颈癌细胞Hela细胞。
本发明的有益效果主要体现在:本发明提供了一种新的用于检测黏度的AIE荧光化合物,可用于检测细胞内黏度的变化,从而为疾病的研究和治疗提供新的思路。
(四)附图说明
图1为本发明中实施例1制备的化合物(I)的核磁氢谱。
图2为本发明中实施例1制备的化合物(I),(A)在手持式紫外灯的365nm紫外线照射下拍摄的不同溶剂的照片,(B)以及加入到不同溶剂中的荧光发射光谱图;(C)具有不同水分数(fw)的THF/水混合物的荧光发射光谱。激发波长360nm,发射波长470nm。
图3为本发明中实施例1制备的化合物(I),通过LLS测量HAPH在DMSO/H2O中的流体动力学直径(v/v=1:99)。
图4为本发明中实施例1制备的化合物(I),不同黏度的吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱。(A)化合物(I)在不同黏度的紫外可见吸收下的光谱图。(B)在黏度下化合物(I)(5μM)在水中的荧光发射光谱。Ex=360nm,Em=400nm~700nm。(C)化合物(I)在不同黏度范围内,550nm处的荧光强度的函数。Ex=410nm,Em=450-680nm。(D)化合物(I)在不同黏度,比例荧光的对数函数和黏度的对数值的线性图,在470nm和550nm处的荧光强度图。Ex=360nm,Em=450-680nm。
图5为荧光探针的选择性图。
图6为本发明中实施例1制备的AIE荧光探针检测细胞内黏度成像图。(比例尺:20μm)。
图7为化合物(V)的在不同黏度溶液中的荧光发射光谱。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
实施例1:化合物(I)的制备
1.0mmol 2-甲基-6甲氧基喹啉化合物,对1.0mmol苯甲醛溶于10ml的甲苯溶液中,向其中加入0.05mmol的无水二乙酸铁,0.05mmol的三氟乙酸,100摄氏度加热12小时。利用减压旋转蒸发仪抽干甲苯,所得反应液中加入饱和NaCl水溶液,用二氯甲烷萃取,取有机层经过无水硫酸镁干燥、过滤、常温下旋转蒸除溶剂,即得粗品;将粗品进行硅胶柱层析,以乙酸乙酯和石油醚的体积比为1:8的溶液为流动相,TLC跟踪收集Rf值为0.3-0.5的洗脱液,收集得到的洗脱液经减压除去溶剂,干燥,得到化合物(I),核磁氢谱见图1。
实施例2:不同溶剂在紫外下的吸收
用手持式紫外灯的365nm紫外线照射下拍摄的不同溶剂的照片,见图2(A)。
实施例3:化合物(I)(5μM)在不同溶剂中的荧光发射光谱图。激发波长为360nm,发射波长为460nm
准确称取一定量实施例1制备的化合物(I),用二甲基亚砜配制成浓度为0.1mM的探针母液,用移液枪吸取5μL加入到1000μL不同溶剂如DCM,THF,MeOH,Acetone和超纯水中,摇晃均匀后,加入到96孔板中,然后测定化合物(I)的荧光发射光谱。
实验结果表明,在以360nm波长激发时,在超纯水中时,化合物(I)在460nm处的荧光强度最强;当在DCM,THF,MeOH,Acetone中时,化合物(I)在460nm处的荧光强度较弱。荧光图谱见图2(B),说明探针具有AIE特征。
实施例4:化合物(I)(5μM)在具有不同水分数(fw)的THF/水混合物的发射光谱。激发波长为360nm,发射波长为460nm
准确称取一定量实施例1制备的化合物(I),用二甲基亚砜配制成浓度为0.1mM的探针母液,用移液枪吸取5μL加入到1000μL不同水分数(fw)的THF/水混合物中,摇晃均匀后,加入到96孔板中,然后测定化合物(I)的荧光发射光谱。
实验结果表明,在以360nm波长激发时,化合物(I)在460nm处的荧光强度随着THF/水混合物的水分数(fw)的增加而增大,荧光图谱见图2(C)。
实施例5:化合物(I)在DMSO/H2O中的流体动力学直径
化合物(I)在水中的溶解性差,在具有高水分数的溶液中形成聚集体。通过LLS测量化合物(I)在DMSO/H2O中的流体动力学直径(v/v=1:99)。
实验结果表明,化合物(I)的有效直径为76±1nm,见图3。这极大地限制了分子内运动并激活了AIE过程。
实施例6:探针(I)在不同黏度的紫外-可见吸收光谱
准确称取一定量实施例1制备的化合物(I),用二甲基亚砜配制成浓度为0.1mM的探针母液,用移液枪吸取5μL加入到不同黏度的水溶液中,摇晃均匀后,加入到96孔板中,然后测定化合物(I)的荧光发射光谱,参见图4(A)。
实验结果表明,当黏度增加时,340nm处的吸光度降低,同时,390nm处的新峰出现并且显着增加。吸收光谱中的红移证实了由于黏度增加,分子的自由扭转受到抑制,共轭性质增加,从而使荧光红移。
实施例7:化合物(I)(5μM)在不同黏度下的荧光发射光谱图。激发波长为370nm,发射波长为400-700nm
准确称取一定量实施例1制备的化合物(I),用二甲基亚砜配制成浓度为0.1mM的探针母液,用移液枪吸取5μL加入到两组不同黏度梯度的水溶液中,摇晃均匀后,加入到96孔板中,然后测定化合物(I)的荧光发射光谱。
实验结果表明,如图4(A)~(B)所示,当黏度增加时,溶液显示出以550nm(λex=390nm)为中心的强发射带。大斯托克斯位移有助于减少发射干扰。同时,发射比例对数和黏度的对数具有也表现出良好的线性相关性。
实施例8:化合物(I)(5μM)在离子选择性的荧光发射光谱图。激发波长为370nm,发射波长为400-700nm。
准确称取一定量实施例1制备的化合物(I),用二甲基亚砜配制成浓度为0.1mM的探针母液,用移液枪吸取5μL加入不同离子种类的水溶液中,摇晃均匀后,加入到96孔板中,然后测定化合物(I)的荧光发射光谱,结果见图5。
实验结果表明,不同离子对黏度的检测没有干扰。
实施例9:化合物(I)在监测活细胞黏度波动中的应用。
细胞内的黏度受温度的影响会发生明显的变化。
准确称取一定量实施例1制备的化合物(I),用二甲基亚砜配制成浓度为0.1mM的探针母液,用移液枪吸取5μL加入到DMEM培养基中,加入到HeLa细胞培养皿中,分别在37℃,25℃,5℃的环境孵化0.5h,用DMEM培养基洗涤两次,使用1ml PBS缓冲液洗涤两次,最终用Olympus Fluoview FV 1200共聚焦显微镜进行荧光成像,结果见图6。
实验结果表明,随着孵化温度的降低,黄色波段的荧光强度显著提高,而蓝色波段的荧光强度降低。结果表明化合物(I)可用于细胞成像和比率检测细胞内黏度波动,尤其是细胞质。
对照实施列1:
按照实施例1所述合成方法合成下列化合物:
准确称取一定量实施例1制备的化合物(V),用二甲基亚砜配制成浓度为0.1mM的探针母液,用移液枪吸取5μL加入到1000μL不同黏度的水和丙三醇混合溶液中,摇晃均匀后,加入到96孔板中,然后测定化合物(V)的荧光发射光谱(图7)。
实验结果表明,在以360nm波长激发时,随着黏度的增加,荧光没有显著的变化。说明该结构无法检测黏度的变化。
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