CN110226566A - 一种放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型的造模方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型的造模方法,涉及一种动物模型的造模方法。一种放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型的造模方法,包括如下步骤:(1)对每只雌性C57BL/6J小鼠颈部皮下部位注射9.5×105~10.5×105个B16‑F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞,采用软性食物喂养5~7天;(2)对步骤(1)处理后的小鼠进行麻醉,使用X射线小动物辐照仪照射B16‑F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞注射部位,得到放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型。本发明放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型的造模方法,简单、快速、成本低、能够显著减少动物的应激痛苦和减少对动物的伤害,且得到的动物模型与人类恶性肿瘤患者接受放射线综合治疗后所患放射性口腔黏膜炎情况相符。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种动物模型的造模方法,具体涉及一种放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型的造模方法。
背景技术
放射性口腔黏膜炎(Radiation-induced Oral Mucositis,RIOM)是恶性肿瘤患者接受放射线综合治疗后出现的严重并发症之一,头颈部肿瘤患者发病率几乎为100%。放射性口腔黏膜炎的主要症状包括口腔局部剧烈炎症表现、吞咽困难、进食减少、继发感染等。现代医学的病理始发机制尚未明确,以口腔分泌腺体损伤、血管内皮细胞损伤为主。
普通的口腔黏膜炎主要症状为溃疡周围红肿作痛,具有无需干预治疗、短时自愈的特点。而RIOM的主要症状包括口腔局部剧烈炎症表现、吞咽困难、进食减少、嗜中性白血球减少症和继发性口腔感染或系统感染等,反复发作,迁延难愈。RIOM常导致患者发生营养不良的风险增加和不良情绪的滋生,降低了其肿瘤治疗方案的完成率和生活质量,也为放疗术后的医患沟通和护理干预带来困难。有学者指出,将口腔医生纳入肿瘤治疗工作组以集中预防管理口腔黏膜炎是有必要的。
在现有的动物模型建立中,一些研究常单纯进行口腔黏膜照射制备口腔黏膜炎,与人类恶性肿瘤患者接受放射线综合治疗后所患放射性口腔黏膜炎情况不相符;或在放疗时,多次对实验动物口腔黏膜的局部区域进行照射以制备口腔黏膜炎,但多次麻醉辐射未充分考虑动物的情况,增加动物的应激痛苦和伤害。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型的造模方法,该方法简单、快速、成本低、能够显著减少动物的应激痛苦和减少对动物的伤害。
本发明的目的采用如下技术方案实现。
一种放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型的造模方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)对每只雌性C57BL/6J小鼠颈部皮下部位注射9.5×105~10.5×105个B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞,采用软性食物喂养5~7天;
(2)对步骤(1)处理后的小鼠进行麻醉,使用X射线小动物辐照仪照射B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞注射部位,得到放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型。
优选的技术方案中,所述小鼠采用X射线小动物辐照仪照射的剂量为16Gy/只。
优选的技术方案中,每只雌性C57BL/6J小鼠采用X射线小动物辐照仪照射一次,时间为4分钟。
优选的技术方案中,采用注射戊巴比妥钠的方法对小鼠进行麻醉。
本发明造模方法和现有技术相比具有以下优点:本发明以B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞同种移植,以生物学X射线小动物辐照仪头颈部照射制备放射性口腔黏膜炎小鼠模型,更接近放射性口腔黏膜炎的病理发展过程,与人类恶性肿瘤患者接受放射线综合治疗后所患放射性口腔黏膜炎情况相符。X线单次18Gy诱导的口腔黏膜炎的动力学和严重程度类似于以单次剂量8Gy进行三次辐照,选择单次18Gy辐照降低了分次照射、麻醉对健康恶化的口腔肿瘤小鼠的致死率。为能够成功诱导口腔黏膜炎且保证造模诱导过程中的动物安全性(降低意外死亡率),对最佳照射剂量进行了筛选。实验结果表明,单次14 Gy的剂量不能产生足够的溃疡,而单次18Gy和20 Gy的剂量对小鼠的健康影响太大,单次16 Gy的剂量是诱导口腔黏膜炎的适宜剂量,此时小鼠口腔黏膜炎造模成功率达到83.3%,存活率达到90.5%,且小鼠模型可存活6月以上。本发明放射性口腔黏膜炎小鼠模型的造模方法简单、快速、成本低、能够显著减少动物的应激痛苦和减少对动物的伤害。RIOM动物模型可以很好的用于研究药物对RIOM的作用机制,具有重要的应用价值。
附图说明
图1是RIOM模型小鼠口腔黏膜炎图,白圈标记处为RIOM模型小鼠(C57BL/6J小鼠)口腔黏膜所出现的肉眼可见的明显溃疡。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。然而,本领域的技术人员容易理解,实施例所描述的具体的物料配比、工艺条件及其结果仅用于说明本发明,而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例1
1、放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型的造模方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)选择42只SPF雌性C57BL/6J小鼠,颈部皮下部位注射B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞悬浮液,每只小鼠注射20μL含有9.5×105个B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞的悬浮液。B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞悬浮液是将B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞悬浮在PBS缓冲液后得到的。雌性C57BL/6J小鼠注射B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞悬浮液后,采用生鸡蛋按照常规方法喂养7天。
(2)给采用步骤(1)中方法处理后的小鼠注射1%戊巴比妥钠溶液进行麻醉,使用X射线小动物辐照仪照射癌细胞注射部位,4Gy/min/只,每只小鼠每次照射时间为4min(分钟)且每只小鼠仅照射一次,总剂量为16Gy/只。X射线小动物辐照仪照射后仍然采用生鸡蛋按照常规方法喂养。X射线小动物辐照仪照射后96h,发现有4只小鼠死亡,存活率达到90.5%。对存活的小鼠造模结果进行评价。
2、造模结果评价
对采用本实施例标题1方法造模后96h的存活小鼠进行评价。
(1)口腔黏膜炎生长状况
采用本实施例标题1方法造模后4天的存活小鼠,口腔黏膜均出现肉眼可见的明显溃疡(如图1)。
(2)动物行为学的观察测定
实验分组:选择本实施例标题1方法造模后96h的存活小鼠2只,体重23g左右,作为模型组,分别编号为①、②;同时选择2只未造模的小鼠作为正常对照组,体重23g左右。动物行为学的观察测定:对上述模型组和正常对照组小鼠进行动物行为学观察测定。首先观察各组小鼠的进食情况,唾液分泌,情绪情况等,每只小鼠观察10分钟,根据体重增加情况、舐唇次数、精神状态评分。进食:体重增加,评为1分;体重几乎不变,评为2分;体重减轻,评为3分。唾液分泌:舌体湿润且舐唇几次(≤10次),评为1分;舌体较润伴舐唇多次(大于10次小于等于15次),评为2分;舌体干燥伴舐唇不停(>15次),评为3分。情绪情况(反抗倒挂体位的厌恶条件):长时间挣扎现象及试图逃脱、挣扎间隙出现静止不动状态、长时间不动处于无力反抗及抑郁的情绪状态依次评为1分、2分、3分。以上3项记分叠加计算。具体结果见表1。
表1各小鼠评分情况
注:表1中①、②是指各小鼠的编号。
表中实验结果表明,根据动物行为学观察检测,造模得到的模型小鼠和正常对照组的进食情况,唾液分泌,情绪情况均存在明显差异。本实施例造模得到的模型小鼠较正常小鼠,进食较少,体重减轻,毛发由黑亮转为灰暗;舌体较为干燥且舐唇较为频繁;活动量减少喜蜷缩于角落,在倒挂体位状态下间歇性停止挣扎甚至长时间不动。因此,可以看到模型小鼠的动物行为学显著偏离正常状态。
综上所述,采用本实施例中标题1方法进行造模得到的各小鼠,口腔黏膜均出现肉眼可见的明显溃疡,且动物行为学显著偏离正常状态,说明RIOM动物模型造模成功。
将本实施例标题1方法造模后96h的存活小鼠均按照上述相同方法进行评价,发现有35只均出现口腔黏膜炎并且存在显著的动物行为学异常,因此本实施例标题1中方法制备放射性口腔黏膜炎小鼠模型的成功率达到83.3%。
上述35只小鼠模型在软食饲养条件下(生鸡蛋),可存活6个月以上。
实施例2
1、放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型的造模方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)选择40只SPF雌性C57BL/6J小鼠颈部皮下部位注射B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞悬浮液,每只小鼠注射20μL含有106个B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞的悬浮液。B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞悬浮液是将B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞悬浮在PBS缓冲液后得到的。雌性C57BL/6J小鼠注射B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞悬浮液后,采用生鸡蛋按照常规方法喂养5天。
(2)给采用步骤(1)中方法处理后的小鼠注射1%戊巴比妥钠溶液进行麻醉,使用生物学X射线小动物辐照仪照射B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞注射部位,4Gy/min/只,每只小鼠每次照射时间为4min且每只小鼠仅照射一次,即每只小鼠照射剂量为16Gy。X射线小动物辐照仪照射后仍然采用生鸡蛋按照常规方法喂养。X射线小动物辐照仪照射后96h,小鼠存活率为90.5%,有35只小鼠的口腔黏膜出现了肉眼可见的明显溃疡,且进食较少,体重减轻,毛发由黑亮转为灰暗;舌体较为干燥且舐唇较为频繁;活动量减少喜蜷缩于角落,在倒挂体位状态下间歇性停止挣扎甚至长时间不动,动物行为学显著偏离正常状态。因此本实施例标题1中方法制备放射性口腔黏膜炎小鼠模型的成功率达到83.3%。
上述小鼠模型采用生鸡蛋喂养,可存活6月以上。
Claims (4)
1.一种放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型的造模方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)对每只雌性C57BL/6J小鼠颈部皮下部位注射9.5×105~10.5×105个B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞,采用软性食物喂养5~7天;
(2)对步骤(1)处理后的小鼠进行麻醉,使用X射线小动物辐照仪照射B16-F10小鼠黑色素瘤细胞注射部位,得到放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型。
2.根据权利要求1所述放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型的造模方法,其特征在于所述小鼠采用X射线小动物辐照仪照射的剂量为16Gy/只。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型的造模方法,其特征在于每只雌性C57BL/6J小鼠采用X射线小动物辐照仪照射一次,时间为4分钟。
4.根据权利要求3所述放射性口腔黏膜炎动物模型的造模方法,其特征在于采用注射戊巴比妥钠的方法对小鼠进行麻醉。
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