CN110225538B - Reflecting surface assisted non-orthogonal multiple access communication system design method - Google Patents

Reflecting surface assisted non-orthogonal multiple access communication system design method Download PDF

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CN110225538B
CN110225538B CN201910541394.4A CN201910541394A CN110225538B CN 110225538 B CN110225538 B CN 110225538B CN 201910541394 A CN201910541394 A CN 201910541394A CN 110225538 B CN110225538 B CN 110225538B
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reflecting surface
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CN110225538A (en
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梁应敞
杨刚
徐新月
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0426—Power distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0473—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource the resource being transmission power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
    • H04B7/15528—Control of operation parameters of a relay station to exploit the physical medium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and relates to a reflecting surface-assisted Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) communication system design method. The invention provides a reflecting surface-assisted NOMA communication system architecture.A base station terminal multiplexes a plurality of users in an NOMA mode, and the users superpose and decode a direct link signal from the base station terminal and a reflected link signal from a reflecting surface. The system performance is further improved by jointly optimizing the power distribution of the base station and the phase shift of the reflecting surface. The implementation of the scheme is simple, and compared with the traditional NOMA (non-reflective surface) and an Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) system, the invention can greatly improve the spectrum efficiency and has strong application value.

Description

Reflecting surface assisted non-orthogonal multiple access communication system design method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and relates to a reflecting surface assisted non-orthogonal multiple access communication system design method.
Background
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is a novel Access technology, which can realize multiplexing transmission of a plurality of users in the same time-frequency resource block, thereby greatly improving the spectrum efficiency of the system. Specifically, the NOMA in the power domain realizes multiplexing by using the channel strength difference among users, the receiving end adopts a serial interference elimination mode to decode information, and the higher frequency spectrum efficiency is obtained by improving the signal processing complexity of the receiving end. Research has shown that NOMA can achieve higher spectrum efficiency gain compared with traditional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) under the condition of larger channel strength difference among users.
On the other hand, in recent years, a reflection plane assisted wireless communication system has rapidly attracted attention in academic and industrial fields due to its advantages such as high spectral efficiency, high energy efficiency, and low cost. The reflecting surface comprises a plurality of passive reflecting units, each reflecting unit can passively carry out phase shift and reflection on an incident signal, so that the reflected signal can be intelligently controlled by controlling the phase shift of each reflecting unit, and the purposes of increasing the received signal power, reducing interference, realizing safe transmission and the like are achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a NOMA wireless communication system with the assistance of a reflecting surface, in particular to a NOMA wireless communication system which is added with an intelligent reflecting surface and controls a reflected electromagnetic wave signal by adjusting the phase shift of a reflecting unit of the reflecting surface, thereby artificially constructing a stronger combined channel with obvious intensity difference so as to ensure that NOMA transmission obtains higher spectral efficiency.
The invention provides a reflecting surface assisted NOMA system architecture, and provides a user power distribution scheme of a base station end and a phase shift scheme of a reflecting surface reflecting unit aiming at downlink wireless transmission.
As shown in fig. 1, the proposed communication system comprises a base station, a plurality of user terminals, and an intelligent reflecting surface. In the traditional communication system, the base station terminal multiplexes a plurality of users in a NOMA mode, transmits information to the plurality of users on the same time-frequency resource block at the same time, distributes certain power for each user data stream, and sends the data streams after linear superposition. In another aspect, the present invention provides an Intelligent Reflective Surface (IRS) deployed in a system, wherein the IRS comprises a plurality of reflective elements and a controller connected thereto. Each reflecting unit is a passive device and can perform phase shift on an incident signal. The reflecting surface controller can optimally adjust the phase shift of each reflecting unit according to the communication performance requirement and the channel state. The user can receive not only the direct link signal from the base station, but also the reflected link signal from the reflecting surface, and after the two paths of signals are superposed, the serial interference elimination mode is adopted for decoding.
Considering that a single antenna is deployed at a base station, the number of reflecting units of a reflecting surface is M, and the number of users multiplexed in a NOMA mode is K. The base station transmits signals represented as
Figure BDA0002102670160000021
Where P is the base station transmission power, xkIs the data stream, x, sent to the kth userkCN (0, 1), the base station distributes power alpha for the kth data streamkP(0≤αk≤1，
Figure BDA0002102670160000022
) And linearly superposing the K data streams and then sending the K data streams. The signal received by the kth user can be represented as
yk＝(gk HΘf+vk)x+wk (2)
Wherein v iskDenotes a channel from the base station to the kth user (K ═ 1,2, … … K),
Figure BDA0002102670160000023
representing the channel from the base station to the reflecting surface,
Figure BDA0002102670160000024
representing the channel from the reflecting surface to the kth user,
Figure BDA0002102670160000025
a diagonal phase shift matrix, theta, representing the reflecting surfacemE [0,2 π) represents the phase shift angle of the mth reflecting element, wk～CN(0,σ2) Denotes the power at the k-th user as σ2Zero mean additive white gaussian noise.
The invention considers that the receiving end adopts the mode of serial interference elimination for decoding. Since the composite channel is associated with the phase shift matrix of the reflecting surface and the users cannot be ranked solely by channel intensity, the present invention employs traversing all K! A method of selectable ordering. In each sort, the power distribution coefficient vector α of the base station and the phase shift matrix Θ of the reflecting surface are jointly designed by solving an optimization problem of maximizing the minimum, and the optimal (i.e., maximizing the minimum) Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in the sort is obtained, and then the SINR is calculated at these K! And selecting the sorting mode corresponding to the maximum SINR, the power distribution coefficient vector alpha and the phase shift matrix theta of the reflecting surface from the optimal SINRs as a final scheme.
In addition, considering that in an actual system, the phase shift of the reflecting surface is a discrete value, after an optimal scheme is obtained, the phase shift matrix theta is discretized, namely, the phase shift value closest to the accurate value of each reflecting unit is taken as the phase shift angle. The invention further compares the loss of system performance compared with the loss of continuous values when the phase shift of the reflecting surface is a discrete value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a reflecting surface-assisted NOMA communication system architecture.A base station terminal multiplexes a plurality of users in an NOMA mode, and the users superpose and decode a direct link signal from the base station terminal and a reflected link signal from a reflecting surface. The system performance is further improved by jointly optimizing the power distribution of the base station and the phase shift of the reflecting surface. The implementation of the scheme is simple, and compared with the traditional NOMA and OMA systems without a reflecting surface, the invention can greatly improve the spectrum efficiency and has strong application value.
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FIG. 1 shows a system composition diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the velocity of a reflecting surface assisted NOMA to NOMA without reflecting surfaces and OMA;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the velocity comparison of different numbers of discrete phases to continuous phases for a reflective surface assisted NOMA system.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention provides an intelligent reflecting surface assisted downlink NOMA communication system. The system consists of a base station with a single antenna, K single-antenna users and an intelligent reflecting surface. The intelligent reflecting surface comprises M passive reflecting units and a controller connected with the M passive reflecting units; wherein each reflecting unit reflects the incident signal after shifting the phase, and the controller can dynamically adjust the phase shift of the reflecting unit to enhance the NOMA transmission performance.
The channel from the base station to the kth user (K ═ 1,2, … …, K) is denoted vk,vkCN (0, 1), where CN (. mu.,. sigma.)2) Mean is μ and variance is σ2A circularly symmetric complex gaussian distribution. Since the Line-of-Sight (LoS) path often exists between the base station and the intelligent reflector, a Rice distribution is used to model the channel, i.e., the channel is
Figure BDA0002102670160000031
Wherein, K1Is the rice factor of f and is,
Figure BDA0002102670160000032
and
Figure BDA0002102670160000033
respectively, a Line-of-Sight (NLoS) path component and a non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) path component.
Figure BDA0002102670160000034
Are independent of each other and all obey the CN (0, 1) distribution. Similarly, the channel between the intelligent reflecting surface and the user k is modeled as
Figure BDA0002102670160000035
Wherein, K2Is the rice factor of g and is,
Figure BDA0002102670160000041
and
Figure BDA0002102670160000042
respectively, a line-of-sight path component and a non-line-of-sight path component.
The base station has the transmission power of P, xkIs the data stream, x, sent to the kth userkCN (0, 1), the base station distributes power alpha for the kth data streamkP(0≤αk≤1，
Figure BDA0002102670160000043
) And linearly superposing the K data streams and then sending. The signal transmitted by the base station is represented as
Figure BDA0002102670160000044
The signal received by the kth user can be expressed as
yk＝(gk HΘf+vk)x+wk (6)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002102670160000045
is a diagonal phase shift matrix of the reflecting surface, thetamE [0,2 π) represents the phase shift angle of the mth reflecting element, wk～CN(0,σ2) Denotes the power at the k-th user as σ2Zero mean additive white gaussian noise.
The users adopt a serial interference elimination method to decode, and the decoding sequence of the serial interference elimination method is from the users with the weakest channels to the users with the strongest channels. In the communication system proposed by the invention, the channels (g) are synthesizedk HΘf+vk) Depending on the phase shift value theta, the users cannot be sorted by channel measurement, and the optimal user decoding order may be K! (i.e., factorial of K) in any order. Therefore, the present invention determines the optimal decoding order in the following manner. All possible decoding orders are represented as the set S ═ S1,…,Su,…SK！In which the element Su＝{1u,…,ku,…,KuDenotes the u-th user sorting mode, where kuIndicates the users with weak k-th combined channel in the sorting mode, ku＝1u,…,Ku. According to the principle of successive interference cancellation, user kuCan decode tuSignal of a user, where tu＝1u，…，(k-1)uAnd decoding the signal fromThe received signals are subtracted to cancel the interference caused by these signals.
User kuDecoding a user tuThe signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of the signal is
Figure BDA0002102670160000046
User kuMinus from tuAfter the interference of user signal, decoding self signal and making other users (k +1)u,…,KuIs sent to
The signal is taken as interference, and the corresponding SINR is
Figure BDA0002102670160000051
Thus, user kuHas an achievable rate of
Figure BDA0002102670160000052
User KuDecodable tuSignal of a user, where tu＝1u，…，(K-1)uWith an achievable rate of
Figure BDA0002102670160000053
Next, in order to maximize the rate performance of the system while ensuring user fairness, a maximum minimum optimization problem is established that maximizes the minimum decoding SINR by jointly optimizing the power allocation coefficient vector α of the base station and the phase shift matrix Θ of the reflecting surface. In each sorting mode SuNext, the maximum and minimum SINR (Q) is obtained by solving the optimization problemu *) Then, an optimal SINR (Q) is obtained**) Can be
Figure BDA0002102670160000054
Figure BDA0002102670160000055
Figure BDA0002102670160000056
Figure BDA0002102670160000057
Figure BDA0002102670160000058
Figure BDA0002102670160000059
Figure BDA00021026701600000510
Figure BDA00021026701600000511
Wherein the first and second constraints are to ensure that the rate per user is greater than Q, where Q is a relaxation variable representing minimum SINR, and the third constraint is to ensure the correctness of successive interference cancellation, i.e. user kuDecoding a user tuThe SINR of the signal is not less than a certain fixed value, the fourth constraint is the normalized constraint and the non-negative constraint of the power distribution coefficient respectively, and the sixth constraint is the phase shift range constraint of the reflection unit.
The above problem is a non-Convex Optimization problem including a coupling variable and a non-Convex constraint function, and can be solved by an efficient iterative algorithm by comprehensively using an alternating Optimization (e.g., Block Coordinate reduction) technique, a Convex approximation Optimization (e.g., Successive Convex Optimization) technique, and a semi-positive Relaxation (semipositive Relaxation) technique.
To illustrate the superiority of this system in spectral efficiency, two other systems were introduced as comparative references. One is a conventional NOMA system without a reflecting surface, which improves the spectrum efficiency by only optimizing the power allocation of a base station, and the other is a conventional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) system without a reflecting surface, which improves the spectrum efficiency by optimizing the time allocation of multi-user downlink orthogonal transmission.
Figure 2 compares the user rate performance of the IRS assisted NOMA system with two comparative reference systems. The simulation parameters are set as follows, the channel from the base station to the user is modeled as a Rayleigh channel, and the large-scale path loss is set to be 10-3d-4(d is distance in meters), the channel from the base station to the reflecting surface and the channel from the reflecting surface to the user are modeled as Rice channels, and the large-scale path loss is respectively set to 10-3d-2And 10-3d-2.5. Considering two users, i.e., K is 2, the distance from the base station to the reflecting surface is set to be 50 meters, the distances from the base station to the two users are set to be 60 meters, and the distances from the reflecting surface to the two users are set to be 15 meters. Setting the Rice factor K1＝K2＝10，ρ＝5dB，σ2-114 dBm. The number of reflecting units is set to 20,40 and 60 respectively. It can be observed that user 1 and user 2 achieve almost the same rate, achieving good fairness. The reflector assisted NOMA achieves significant rate gain compared to conventional non-reflector NOMA and OMA systems, with gain increasing with the number of reflector elements. Furthermore, the rate performance of the conventional NOMA system is almost the same as the OMA system, since the channels from the base station to user 1 and user 2 have the same (average) channel strength. The practical significance of the reflecting surface-assisted NOMA system provided by the invention is that under the condition that a plurality of users have similar or even the same channel intensity, the NOMA system can obtain larger rate gain than the traditional NOMA system and the OMA system.
In addition, in practical systems, the reflecting surfaces have limited phase resolution. Let us set the quantization bit as B, then the set of discrete phase values is
Figure BDA0002102670160000061
Each successive phase shift value is quantized to its closest discrete value in the set.
Fig. 3 compares the maximum minimum rates at different phase quantization bits. It is observed that the finite phase resolution of the reflecting surface generally reduces the maximum and minimum rates compared to the continuous phase, but as the discrete bits B increase, the rate performance decreases negligibly. For example, when the transmission power P is 10dBm and the quantization bits B are 1,2, 3, 4, and 5, the maximum minimum rate is reduced by 22.2%, 10.3%, 3.4%, 3.2%, and 2.7%, respectively. Even with the coarsest lowest cost 1-bit phase quantizer, the proposed mirror assisted NOMA improves the maximum minimum rate by 24.1% and 20.0%, respectively, compared to the conventional OMA and NOMA references. The rate performance gain of the proposed reflective surface assisted NOMA is more significant in the case of a more refined multi-bit phase quantizer in practice.

Claims (1)

1. A method for designing a reflecting surface assisted non-orthogonal multiple access communication system is characterized in that the communication system comprises a base station, a plurality of user terminals and an intelligent reflecting surface; the base station multiplexes a plurality of users in a NOMA mode, transmits information to the plurality of users on the same time frequency resource block at the same time, distributes certain power for each user data stream, and sends the data streams after linear superposition; the intelligent reflecting surface consists of a plurality of reflecting units and a reflecting surface controller connected with the reflecting units, each reflecting unit is a passive device and can carry out phase deviation on incident signals, and the reflecting surface controller adjusts the phase deviation of each reflecting unit according to the requirement of communication performance and the state of a channel; the user can receive not only the direct link signal from the base station, but also the reflected link signal from the reflecting surface, and after the two paths of signals are superposed, the two paths of signals are decoded by adopting a serial interference elimination mode;
the method for distributing user power at the base station end and phase shifting of the reflecting unit of the reflecting surface comprises the following steps:
a base station is deployed with a single antenna, the number of reflecting units of a reflecting surface is M, the number of users multiplexed in an NOMA mode is K, and a signal sent by the base station is represented as:
Figure FDA0002956115940000011
where P is the base station transmission power, xkIs the data stream sent to the kth user, K ═ 1,2, … … K, xkCN (0, 1), the base station distributes power alpha for the kth data streamkP,0≤αk≤1，
Figure FDA0002956115940000012
And linearly superposing the K data streams and then transmitting, wherein the signal received by the kth user is as follows:
yk＝(gk HΘf+vk)x+wk
wherein v iskRepresenting the channel from the base station to the k-th user,
Figure FDA0002956115940000013
representing the channel from the base station to the reflecting surface,
Figure FDA0002956115940000014
representing the channel from the reflecting surface to the kth user,
Figure FDA0002956115940000015
a diagonal phase shift matrix, theta, representing the reflecting surfacemE [0,2 π) represents the phase shift angle of the mth reflecting element, wk～CN(0，σ2) Denotes the power at the k-th user as σ2Additive white gaussian noise;
on the premise of maximizing the rate performance of the system and simultaneously ensuring the user fairness, the following maximized minimum optimization problem is established, namely the minimum decoding SINR is maximized by jointly optimizing the power distribution coefficient vector alpha of the base station and the phase shift matrix theta of the reflecting surface:
Figure FDA0002956115940000021
Figure FDA0002956115940000022
Figure FDA0002956115940000023
Figure FDA0002956115940000024
Figure FDA0002956115940000025
Figure FDA0002956115940000026
Figure FDA0002956115940000027
the first constraint and the second constraint are to ensure that the rate of each user is greater than Q, wherein Q is a relaxation variable representing the minimum SINR, the third constraint is to ensure the correctness of serial interference cancellation, that is, the SINR of a user signal decoded by the user is not less than a certain value, the fourth constraint is the normalization constraint and the non-negative constraint of the power distribution coefficient respectively, and the sixth constraint is the phase shift range constraint of the reflection unit;
decoding order of serial interference elimination modeThe order is from the weakest channel user to the strongest channel user, traversing all K! And (3) possible sequencing, in each sequencing mode, designing a power distribution coefficient vector alpha of the base station and a phase shift matrix theta of the reflecting surface by solving the optimization problem, and obtaining the optimal SINR (signal to interference plus noise ratio), namely SINR (Q) in the sequencing mode*) And then selecting the sorting mode corresponding to the maximum SINR, the power distribution coefficient vector alpha and the phase shift matrix theta of the reflecting surface as a final result.
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