CN110222422A - A kind of efficiently special multiple-beam array Feed Design method - Google Patents
A kind of efficiently special multiple-beam array Feed Design method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of efficiently special multiple-beam array Feed Design methods of communication antenna technical field, pass through design incidence wave mouth face electric field first, the multiple optimization object functions solved during array element driving voltage using intelligent algorithm can be integrated into one or a small amount of optimization object function, then the voltage determined using focal plane electric field matching technique reduces the value range of Optimal Parameters as the reference value of initial excitation voltage, followed by simple shape, change slow array feed primary radiation directional diagram and replaces changing violent reflecting surface far field radiation pattern as optimization parameter, finally using the further perfect design process of secondary beam measure.This method takes full advantage of the inherent characteristic of reflector antenna, and combines with array antenna design method, simplifies design process, improves desin speed, increases steady performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication antenna technical field, specially a kind of efficiently special multiple-beam array Feed Design side
Method.
Background technique
Feed is reflector antenna " heart ", can be same using the multi-beam large size reflector antenna that array feed forms
When generate multiple wave beams, can expand visual field, improve observation efficiency；For given array feed structure, array element excitation is solved
Voltage makes array feed generate desired primary radiation directional diagram to realize that reflecting surface performance is the main interior of array feed design
Hold, there is now the method for solving driving voltage can be summarized as two classes, one type method be using intelligent optimization algorithm, such as with
Reflecting surface maximum signal to noise ratio and minimum zero point level are the particle swarm optimization algorithm of optimization object function, with reflecting surface maximum gain
For the phase gradient searching algorithm etc. of optimization object function.Another kind of method is on desired reflecting surface far field radiation pattern
Multiple points are sampled, the methods of least square method or linear constraint minimal variance method are recycled, are calculated by solving simultaneous equations
The value of driving voltage out, for multi-beam feed, there are many wave beam number, and the array element number of entire array feed also can be very
More, many array elements will also be shared by multiple wave beams, and there are many parameter for needing to design, and the solution for increasing intelligent optimization algorithm is difficult
Degree.When being sampled to antenna pattern, since the far field radiation pattern variation of large-scale reflecting surface is violent and remote in order to meet
Angle sidelobe level envelope, its feature could accurately be described by needing to sample enough points in very wide angular range；In addition by
Be in the antenna pattern of slant beam it is asymmetric, need to be sampled in multiple planes.Sampled point is excessive at this time, increases
The complexity of solution procedure.In short, the prior art has following defects that (1) routinely solves array feed using intelligent algorithm
During driving voltage, there are many array feed parameter for needing to design, while in order to realize high-gain, Low sidelobe level and low
The performances such as noise need to establish multiple optimization object functions respectively, and in order to reduce optimization object function, increase design process can
It is realisation, remote angle sidelobe level and thus caused spatial noise are often had ignored, leads to not realize optimal antenna spirit
Sensitivity；(2) it since the initial value of the array element number of array feed and array element driving voltage does not have any prior information, needs to be arranged
Very wide region solves array element number and array element driving voltage, increases and normal procedure intelligent algorithm is utilized to solve array feed excitation
The complexity of voltage course reduces the feasibility of realization process and the reliability of result；(3) it in conventional design method, needs
The far field radiation pattern of reflecting surface is sampled, since the far field radiation pattern variation of large-scale reflecting surface is violent, and is
Satisfaction remote angle sidelobe level envelope, its spy could accurately be described by needing to sample enough points in very wide angular range
Sign；Antenna pattern additionally, due to slant beam be it is asymmetric, need to be sampled in multiple planes.Sampled point at this time
Excessively, the robustness of solution procedure can be weakened, or even can not be solved correctly as a result, present invention devises one kind based on this
Efficiently special multiple-beam array Feed Design method, to solve the above problems.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of efficiently special multiple-beam array Feed Design methods, to solve above-mentioned back
The problem of defect of the prior art proposed in scape technology.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a kind of efficiently special multiple-beam array feed is set
Meter method, includes the following steps:
S1: incidence wave is designed according to the requirement such as high-gain, Low sidelobe level and low noise to the incidence wave of assigned direction
Mouth face field distribution on the reflecting surface, and calculate the focal plane electric field of incidence wave on the reflecting surface；
S2: the array element number and array element initial excitation voltage of each array feed are determined using focal plane electric field matching technique；
S3: it is up to using the primary radiation directional diagram and the matching degree of array feed primary radiation directional diagram of focal plane electric field
Optimization aim optimizes array element driving voltage；
S4: it is modified using regional area of the secondary beam measure to the far field radiation pattern of reflecting surface.
Further, the step S1 is specially to introduce incidence wave mouth face electric field, can will solve array element using intelligent algorithm
Multiple optimization object functions during driving voltage are integrated into one or a small amount of optimization object function.
Further, the step S2 is specially the array number that array feed is determined using focal plane electric field matching technique
Mesh can reduce the value range of Optimal Parameters, therefore can be using simple search using initial excitation voltage value as reference value
Method replaces complicated intelligent optimization algorithm to solve array element driving voltage.
Further, the step S3 be specially array feed primary radiation directional diagram can using less parameter into
Row description, therefore use the primary radiation directional diagram of array feed instead of the far field radiation pattern of reflecting surface as in optimization process
Parameter.
Further, the step S4 is specially to use secondary beam measure, and secondary beam measure only need to be remote to reflecting surface
The regional area of field pattern is modified, and will not change the field distribution in original other regions of electric field, can be entire empty
Between obtain desired performance.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) the design method takes full advantage of reflector antenna
Inherent characteristic, the mouth face field distribution introduced in array feed design, antenna efficiency, the first secondary lobe, remote angle side lobe envelope
Etc. multiple parameters be combined together, and using secondary beam measure carry out local correction, not only simplify design process, it is also contemplated that
The factors such as remote angle side lobe envelope have been arrived, and have solved the intelligent optimization etc. of array feed driving voltage used by conventional design method
Algorithm increases the feasibility of design process, the factors such as remote angle side lobe envelope are often neglected to reduce the complexity of design process
It omits；
(2) array element number of array feed and the initial excitation voltage of array element are determined using focal plane electric field matching technique,
The search area of the driving voltage of array element can be reduced, calculating speed is improved, enhances the reliability of solving result；
(3) replace the far field radiation pattern of reflecting surface as in optimization process using the primary radiation directional diagram of array feed
Parameter, eliminate the process of the far field radiation pattern of the primary radiation patterns calculating reflecting surface using array feed, subtract
Light operand, in addition, the far field radiation pattern relative to reflecting surface, the primary radiation directional diagram variation of array feed is slow
Slowly, convenient for measuring, it can be described with less parameter, therefore can simplify optimization object function, enhance optimization process
High efficiency, and influence of the primary radiation directional diagram of array feed to the far field radiation pattern field of reflecting surface is not especially quick
It is sharp, enhance the steady performance of optimization process.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, will be described below to embodiment required
Attached drawing is briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, for ability
For the those of ordinary skill of domain, without creative efforts, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings other attached
Figure.
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts all other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " on ", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "bottom", "inner", "outside" is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to just
In description the present invention and simplify description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation, with
Specific orientation construction and operation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of technical solution: a kind of efficiently special multiple-beam array Feed Design side
Method includes the following steps:
S1: incidence wave is designed according to the requirement such as high-gain, Low sidelobe level and low noise to the incidence wave of assigned direction
Mouth face field distribution on the reflecting surface, and calculate the focal plane electric field of incidence wave on the reflecting surface；Reasonable mouth face electric field point
Cloth is often used to realize the performances such as high-gain, Low sidelobe level and low noise simultaneously, and array feed is throwing a mouthful face field distribution
Multiple optimization object functions can be synthesized one by optimization mouth face electric field by being applied in order to possible in object plane Antenna Design
Or a small amount of objective function can choose the mouth face electric field of some classics for symmetrical mouth face electric field, or by some fixations
The parameter of function carries out control design case and goes out desired mouth face electric field, since the phase difference that feed defocusing distance generates is mainly used to determine
Determine beam position, therefore only consider electric field amplitude distribution in the design, for asymmetrical slant beam, especially tilt angle compared with
When big, the antenna pattern of each plane of reflecting surface can be had a certain difference, in order to allow the performances as far as possible one of all planes
It causes, at this time using separable mouth face electric field, i.e., first by circular port face depending on doing a square planar circumscribed with circle, in square planar
On, according to the design method of linear array driving voltage, separately design out the excitation along the line in beam tilt direction and orthogonal direction
Voltage's distribiuting, then by the driving voltage of other points be expressed as it is above-mentioned two it is orthogonal along driving voltage product, under normal circumstances
Driving voltage is distributed as taper distribution along the line, and the region near four vertex of square planar, the value of driving voltage is relatively low, can
To cut off four vertex near zones, it is reduced into original circular port face；According to transmitting-receiving principle of reciprocity, from any direction incidence
Plane wave, design its mouth face field distribution on reflecting surface mouth face, mouth face field distribution is about reflecting surface axis herein
Symmetrically；According to principle of conservation of energy, energy of the arbitrary point in unit area on reflecting surface and reflecting surface mouth face list is projected
Energy in plane product is equal, therefore obtains the electric field of the arbitrary point on reflecting surface, utilizes every on reflecting surface induced current
And combination Zhu Lan calculates the electric field of arbitrary point on focal plane at radiation theorem；
S2: the array element number and array element initial excitation voltage of each array feed are determined using focal plane electric field matching technique；
Using the radiation field of focal plane electric field as the Feed radiation field of reflecting surface, the reflecting surface radiated far field being calculated will be with mouth face
The reflecting surface radiated far field that electric field determines is consistent；Array feed is the sampling of focusing plane electric field, and sampled point is more, and the sampling interval gets over
It is small, radiation field of the radiation field being calculated using sampled point closer to focal plane electric field；If array element number is excessive, it can add
Weight back-end digital signal processing difficulty, be it is unpractical, since focal plane electric field is mainly distributed on regional area, from the area
The center in domain is remoter, field decay it is more severe, can be according to certain principle selection portion for given array feed structure
The difference of the electric field of point of maximum intensity on array element composition array feed, and focal plane is divided to be selected as array feedback not less than the array element of given value
The array element in source；Array element uses broad beam array element form, its radiated electric field on the face Qi Kou is considered uniform；Utilize focal plane electricity
When field matching technique seeks the equivalent mouth face electric field of array element, for the sake of simplicity, using the center of each array element as the center of circle, with array element
Spacing is that diameter draws a circle, and the average value for choosing the focal plane electric field with each vertex of the tangent polygon of circumference and the center point is made
For the equivalent mouth face electric field of the array element, that is, the initial excitation voltage of the array element, at this time due to by array element number and array element spacing
Limitation, inevitably there is truncated error；
S3: it is up to using the primary radiation directional diagram and the matching degree of array feed primary radiation directional diagram of focal plane electric field
Optimization aim optimizes array element driving voltage；Since the initial excitation voltage of the array element determined using focal plane electric field matching technique is deposited
In error, it is therefore necessary to choose modified objective function, be modified to the amplitude of initial excitation voltage；Relative to reflecting surface day
The primary radiation directional diagram of the far field radiation pattern of line, feed is gentle with angle change, can describe it with less parameter
Feature；And the minor change of feed primary radiation directional diagram, the influence to reflecting surface far field radiation pattern can be ignored；Therefore
It replaces reflecting surface far field radiation pattern to can simplify modified objective function with feed primary radiation directional diagram, improves design process
Robustness；Because the primary amplitude antenna pattern of each plane is not much different, only need to choose three dominant planes,
I.e. the amplitude antenna pattern of E plane, H plane and 45 ° of planes is as parameter of measurement, it can guarantees the effective of makeover process
Property；By law of conservation of energy, the energy of feed radiation is equal to the energy on reflecting surface mouth face, therefore with array feed and focal plane electricity
The radiation energy difference of both fields is minimum to be used as modified objective function；Due in reflecting face edge, the level of primary radiation directional diagram
It is lower；Simultaneously in the central area of reflecting surface, cell area is small, the little energy of capture；It corrects and motivates with law of conservation of energy
It is often insecure in the result that these regions obtain when voltage, or even will appear unusual result；Therefore it needs in these areas
Domain increases some constraint conditions: first constraint condition be near central regions, chosen in three planes it is several at equal intervals
Point, in a certain range by the level constraint of these points；It is another constraint condition that reflecting face edge, which irradiates level, is being reflected
Compromise consideration is carried out between face aperture efficiency and leakage efficiency, and value range is set with reference to primary radiation directional diagram, due to battle array
The array element number of column feed only 20 or so, the array element in array element with identical or close initial excitation voltage can use
Identical correction factor；Meanwhile the effect that the relatively low array element of initial excitation voltage amplitude plays is little, can not have to repair
Just, so, correction factor and few, therefore refer to initial excitation voltage is set after correction value range using simply following
Makeover process can be completed in ring lookup method, when considering the mutual coupling between array element, measures or be calculated each array element
Active admittance after, can to revised driving voltage carry out amplitude and phase compensation and obtain accurate result；
S4: it is modified using regional area of the secondary beam measure to the far field radiation pattern of reflecting surface；Mouth face electricity
The introducing of field, for central beam (non-inclined wave beam), expected performance is may be implemented in reflecting surface, but works as beam tilt angle
When larger, by analyzing the far-field radiation performance of reflector antenna it is found that close to array feed center one in beam tilt plane
First sidelobe level of side or other regions still are possible to the presence of the possibility for being unsatisfactory for expected result, it is therefore necessary to side
The higher regional area of valve level is modified；One is superimposed according to desired sidelobe level and reality in correcting region direction
The additional electric field that the sidelobe level on border is calculated, then the sidelobe level in the region will be close to desired value, and additional electric field can be by
Secondary beam is realized；In order to allow secondary beam not change the performance in the other regions of original wave beam as much as possible, secondary beam by
One is directed toward the sharp wave beam close to correcting region direction to realize, the array element number of secondary beam is as few as possible, could most
Do not increase the complexity of original array feed big degree；Calculate the focal plane electric field of the incidence wave in direction locating for correcting region
Feed of the nearest array element in center of defocus face electric field as secondary beam is chosen at center, and after setting its driving voltage, utilization
Physical optics method finds out the radiation field of secondary beam, the electric field amplitude according to primary beam and secondary beam in correcting region direction
Than and phase difference, the driving voltage of the array element of secondary beam is modified, and revised secondary beam array element is added to
Amendment wave beam is formed in the array feed of primary beam, then can be dropped on the basis of farthest keeping original wave beam performance
The sidelobe level of low correcting region.
Step S1 is specially to introduce incidence wave mouth face electric field, during intelligent algorithm being utilized to solve array element driving voltage
Multiple optimization object functions be integrated into one or a small amount of optimization object function；The introducing of incidence wave mouth face electric field, can
So that reflector antenna has high-gain, low sidelobe, specific remote angle side lobe envelope and low noise and other advantages simultaneously, it can be incited somebody to action
Multiple optimization object functions are integrated into one or a small amount of optimization object function, simplify optimization object function, solve
The normal procedure intelligent used to solve array feed driving voltage optimizes ignored since remote angle sidelobe level is drawn in scheduling algorithm
The problems such as spatial noise risen increases makes optimization more Efficient robust；
Step S2 is specially the array element number that array feed is determined using focal plane electric field matching technique, with initial excitation electricity
Pressure value can reduce the value range of Optimal Parameters as reference value, therefore can replace complexity using simple searching method
Intelligent optimization algorithm solves array element driving voltage；
Step S3 is specially that the primary radiation directional diagram of array feed can be described using less parameter；With array
The primary radiation directional diagram of feed replaces the far field radiation pattern of reflecting surface as the parameter in optimization process, eliminates utilization
The process of the far field radiation pattern of the primary radiation patterns calculating reflecting surface of array feed, alleviates operand；In addition, phase
For the far field radiation pattern of reflecting surface, the primary radiation directional diagram variation of array feed slowly, can be with more convenient for measuring
Few parameter is described, therefore can simplify optimization object function, enhances the high efficiency of optimization process, and array feed is first
Influence of the grade antenna pattern to the far field radiation pattern field of reflecting surface does not hear the grass grow, and enhances the steady of optimization process
Performance；
Step S4 is specially to use secondary beam measure, and secondary beam measure only need to be to the part of reflecting surface far-field pattern
Region is modified, and will not change the field distribution in original other regions of electric field, can obtain desired property in entire space
Energy；Wave beam biggish for tilt angle, after the above process is handled, regional area still is possible to exist and is unsatisfactory for it is expected
As a result possibility adds a secondary beam in this region, and calculates the parameter of secondary beam He its feed array, and will be auxiliary
The array feed of wave beam is helped to be added in original array feed the performance for improving regional area；Secondary beam measure is not changing
On the basis of the performance in other regions of the far field radiation pattern of original reflecting surface, desired directional diagram can be obtained.Assist wave
Beam measure simplifies optimization process, improves design efficiency.
In the description of this specification, the description of reference term " one embodiment ", " example ", " specific example " etc. means
Particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with this embodiment or example are contained at least one implementation of the invention
In example or example.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms may not refer to the same embodiment or example.
Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be in any one or more of the embodiments or examples to close
Suitable mode combines.
Present invention disclosed above preferred embodiment is only intended to help to illustrate the present invention.There is no detailed for preferred embodiment
All details are described, are not limited the invention to the specific embodiments described.Obviously, according to the content of this specification,
It can make many modifications and variations.These embodiments are chosen and specifically described to this specification, is in order to better explain the present invention
Principle and practical application, so that skilled artisan be enable to better understand and utilize the present invention.The present invention is only
It is limited by claims and its full scope and equivalent.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of efficiently special multiple-beam array Feed Design method, which comprises the steps of:
S1: incidence wave is designed anti-according to the requirement such as high-gain, Low sidelobe level and low noise to the incidence wave of assigned direction
The mouth face field distribution on face is penetrated, and calculates the focal plane electric field of incidence wave on the reflecting surface；
S2: the array element number and array element initial excitation voltage of each array feed are determined using focal plane electric field matching technique；
S3: up to optimized using the primary radiation directional diagram of focal plane electric field and the matching degree of array feed primary radiation directional diagram
Target optimizes array element driving voltage；
S4: it is modified using regional area of the secondary beam measure to the far field radiation pattern of reflecting surface.
2. a kind of efficiently special multiple-beam array Feed Design method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Step S1 be specially introduce incidence wave mouth face electric field, can will using intelligent algorithm solve array element driving voltage during it is multiple excellent
Change objective function to be integrated into one or a small amount of optimization object function.
3. a kind of efficiently special multiple-beam array Feed Design method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Step S2 is specially that the array element number of array feed is determined using focal plane electric field matching technique, using initial excitation voltage value as
Reference value can reduce the value range of Optimal Parameters, and complicated intelligent optimization algorithm can be replaced using simple searching method
Solve array element driving voltage.
4. a kind of efficiently special multiple-beam array Feed Design method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Step S3 is specially that the primary radiation directional diagram of array feed can be described using less parameter, therefore use array feed
Primary radiation directional diagram replace reflecting surface far field radiation pattern as the parameter in optimization process.
5. a kind of efficiently special multiple-beam array Feed Design method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Step S4 is specially to use secondary beam measure, and secondary beam measure need to only carry out the regional area of reflecting surface far-field pattern
Amendment, and the field distribution in original other regions of electric field will not be changed, desired performance can be obtained in entire space.
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| CN117634115A (en) * | 2024-01-26 | 2024-03-01 | 安徽大学 | Miniaturized antenna array method |
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| CN113688972A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2021-11-23 | 北京道古视界科技有限公司 | Liquid crystal array antenna beam forming and self-adaptive control method based on artificial neural network |
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| CN117634115A (en) * | 2024-01-26 | 2024-03-01 | 安徽大学 | Miniaturized antenna array method |
| CN117634115B (en) * | 2024-01-26 | 2024-04-16 | 安徽大学 | Miniaturized antenna array method |
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