CN110218925B - Copper pipe cutting knife and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Copper pipe cutting knife and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110218925B CN110218925B CN201910513634.XA CN201910513634A CN110218925B CN 110218925 B CN110218925 B CN 110218925B CN 201910513634 A CN201910513634 A CN 201910513634A CN 110218925 B CN110218925 B CN 110218925B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/02—Compacting only
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D—PLANING; SLOTTING; SHEARING; BROACHING; SAWING; FILING; SCRAPING; LIKE OPERATIONS FOR WORKING METAL BY REMOVING MATERIAL, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23D35/00—Tools for shearing machines or shearing devices; Holders or chucks for shearing tools
- B23D35/001—Tools for shearing machines or shearing devices; Holders or chucks for shearing tools cutting members
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
- B23P15/40—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools shearing tools
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
- C22C27/04—Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a copper pipe cutting knife and a preparation method thereof, and in addition, the invention also discloses an alloy material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 22-40% of TiC, 2.0-8.0% of Mo, 1.0-5.0% of Cr, 0.5-2.0% of Nb, 0.1-1.0% of C and the balance of W. The alloy material disclosed by the invention is applied to the preparation of the copper pipe cutting knife, and the obtained copper pipe cutting knife has the advantages of high hardness, good toughness, high temperature resistance, stable performance and long service life, and can be used under the condition of continuous working for two months without edge breakage and passivation of a cutting edge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cutters, and particularly relates to a copper pipe cutter and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The copper pipe is also called red copper pipe, one kind of non-ferrous metal pipe, and is a pressed and drawn seamless pipe. The copper pipe has the characteristics of firmness and corrosion resistance, is widely applied to conductive fittings and heat dissipation fittings of electronic products, and is the first choice of a tap water pipeline, a heat supply pipeline and a refrigeration pipeline. The copper pipe has strong corrosion resistance, is not easy to oxidize, does not easily react with some liquid substances, and is easy to be bent and shaped. In practical application, the copper pipe blank needs to be cut, so that the demand of a cutting tool for the copper pipe is huge.
The copper pipe cutting knife in the prior art is made of tungsten steel or high-speed steel. The copper pipe cutter made of tungsten steel has high hardness, but has poor toughness, is easy to break edges and generate gaps during cutting, and has poor cutting yield. High-speed steel has good toughness but poor high-temperature resistance, and not only needs low-speed operation, but also needs to be added with cutting fluid, so that the cutting production efficiency is low.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a copper pipe cutting knife with high hardness, good toughness and good high temperature resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an alloy material and utilizes the alloy material to prepare a copper pipe cutting knife which has high strength, good toughness and high temperature resistance. In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the copper pipe cutting knife, and the method is simple to operate, suitable for industrial mass production and low in production cost.
The alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
preferably, the alloy material consists of the following components in percentage by mass:
further preferably, the alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
a preparation method of an alloy material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, mixing, and smelting in a vacuum furnace to obtain a mixture A;
(2) and atomizing, drying and sieving the mixture A to obtain the alloy material.
Preferably, the temperature for smelting in the step (1) is 1350-1500 ℃, and the smelting time is 35-60 minutes.
The atomization treatment of step (2) is a conventional process in the art.
Preferably, the step (2) is also subjected to deslagging, refining and homogenization treatment before atomization, and the deslagging, refining and homogenization treatment are conventional technical processes in the field.
Preferably, the atomization in the step (2) uses high-pressure argon gas with 0.7-2MPa to spray the mixture A.
Preferably, the drying in the step (2) is drying at 80-100 ℃ for 1.5-2.5 h; further preferably, the drying in step (2) is drying at 90 ℃ for 2 h.
Preferably, the mesh number of the screen sieved in the step (2) is 200-400 meshes; further preferably, the mesh number of the screen sieved in the step (2) is 300 meshes.
The use of said alloy material for the production of knives, shovels, saws and/or cutting machines.
Specifically, the alloy material is applied to the preparation of copper pipe cutting knives.
A preparation method of a copper pipe cutting knife comprises the following steps:
(1) designing and manufacturing a die according to the shape of the copper pipe cutting knife (the die comprises a die cavity of a blade part and a die cavity of a bearing part; and the process for manufacturing the die is a conventional process in the field);
(2) and (3) pressure forming: putting the alloy material into a die cavity of a blade part in the die prepared in the step (1), then mixing a pore-forming agent with the alloy material, putting the mixture into the die cavity of a bearing part in the die prepared in the step (1), putting the die into a press, and pressurizing to form, wherein the pressurizing pressure is 200-300MPa, and the pressurizing time is 30-60 minutes, and the model A is prepared for later use;
(3) and (3) sintering: putting the model A prepared in the step (2) into a sintering furnace in batches for sintering to prepare a cutter;
(4) manufacturing a copper pipe cutting knife: and (4) performing edging treatment on the blade part of the cutter prepared in the step (3) (the edging treatment is to polish the blade and is a conventional process in the field), and thus obtaining the copper pipe cutter.
And (3) in the step (2), the mass ratio of the alloy material added into the die cavity of the blade part in the die to the alloy material added into the die cavity of the bearing part in the die is 4-6: 6-7.5.
Preferably, when the pore-forming agent is mixed with the alloy material of the present invention in step (2), the volume of the pore-forming agent is 5-10% of the volume of the alloy material of the present invention.
Further preferably, the pore-forming agent is at least 1 selected from carbon powder, PS (polystyrene) microspheres, PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) microspheres, starch and ammonium bicarbonate, and the size of the pore-forming agent is in the range of 20-50 um.
Optionally, the alloy material mixed with the pore-forming agent further comprises a copper-based alloy or a nickel-based alloy. (e.g., iron cupronickel BFe10-1-1, manganese cupronickel BMn40-1-5, Inconel600 alloy, Hastelloy C-276, etc.)
Preferably, the specific sintering process in step (3) is as follows: raising the temperature from 5-25 ℃ at a constant speed for 15-25min (preferably 20min) to 550 ℃ (preferably 500 ℃), then preserving the heat for 15-25min (preferably 20min), raising the temperature from 15-25min (preferably 20min) to 950-.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the alloy material used by the copper pipe cutting knife prepared by the invention has the advantages of low cost, high hardness, good toughness, high temperature resistance and stable performance, and the alloy material has long service life when being applied to copper pipe cutting, can not have edge breakage under the condition of continuous working for two months, and can not passivate the cutting edge.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a copper pipe cutter prepared in embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein 1 represents a blade of the copper pipe cutter, and 2 represents a bearing of the copper pipe cutter.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clear to those skilled in the art, the following examples are given for illustration, and it should be noted that the following examples do not limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass
A preparation method of an alloy material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, mixing, and smelting in a vacuum furnace to obtain a mixture A;
(2) and (2) atomizing, drying and sieving the mixture A prepared in the step (1) to obtain the alloy material.
The temperature for melting in step (1) was 1400 ℃.
And (2) deslagging and refining before atomization.
And (3) atomizing in the step (2), and spraying high-pressure argon gas of 0.8MPa on the mixture A.
The drying in the step (2) is drying for 1.5h at 85 ℃.
The mesh number of the sieved mesh in the step (2) is 250 meshes.
A preparation method of a copper pipe cutting knife comprises the following steps:
(1) designing and manufacturing a die according to the shape of the copper pipe cutter;
(2) and (3) pressure forming: putting the alloy material into a die cavity of a blade part in the die prepared in the step (1), mixing a pore-forming agent with the alloy material, putting the mixture into the die cavity of a bearing part in the die prepared in the step (1), putting the die into a press, and pressurizing to form, wherein the pressurizing pressure is 250MPa and the pressurizing time is 40 minutes to prepare a model A for later use;
(3) and (3) sintering: putting the model A prepared in the step (2) into a sintering furnace in batches for sintering to prepare a cutter;
(4) manufacturing a copper pipe cutting knife: and (4) performing edging treatment on the blade part of the cutter prepared in the step (3) to prepare the copper pipe cutter.
When the pore-forming agent is mixed with the alloy material of the invention in the step (2), the volume of the pore-forming agent is 8% of the volume of the alloy material of the invention.
And (3) in the step (2), the mass ratio of the alloy material added into the die cavity of the blade part in the die to the alloy material added into the die cavity of the bearing part in the die is 4: 6.
The pore-forming agent is carbon powder.
The specific sintering process in the step (3) is as follows: raising the temperature from 5-25 ℃ at constant speed for 20min to 500 ℃, then preserving the heat for 20min, raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at constant speed for 20min, preserving the heat for 10min, then raising the temperature at constant speed for 15min to 1350 ℃, preserving the heat for 20min, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
Example 2:
the alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
the preparation method of the alloy material comprises the following steps
(1) Weighing the components according to the formula ratio, mixing, and smelting in a vacuum furnace to obtain a mixture A;
(2) and (2) atomizing, drying and sieving the mixture A prepared in the step (1) to obtain the alloy material.
The temperature for melting in step (1) was 1350 ℃.
And (2) deslagging and refining before atomization, wherein deslagging, refining and homogenizing are conventional processes in the field.
And (3) atomizing in the step (2), and spraying the mixture A by using high-pressure argon gas of 1.0 MPa.
The drying in step (2) is drying at 90 ℃ for 2 h.
The mesh number of the sieved mesh in the step (2) is 300 meshes.
A preparation method of a copper pipe cutting knife comprises the following steps:
(1) designing and manufacturing a die according to the shape of the copper pipe cutting knife (the die comprises a die cavity of a blade part and a die cavity of a bearing part; and the process for manufacturing the die is a conventional process in the field);
(2) and (3) pressure forming: putting the alloy material into a die cavity of a blade part in the die prepared in the step (1), mixing a pore-forming agent with the alloy material, putting the mixture into a die cavity of a bearing part in the die prepared in the step (1), putting the die into a press, pressurizing to form, wherein the pressurizing pressure is 300MPa, and the pressurizing time is 30 minutes, so as to prepare a model A (the die comprises the die cavity of the blade part and the die cavity of the bearing part, wherein the die cavity of the blade part is used for preparing the blade of the copper pipe cutting knife, and the die cavity of the bearing part is used for preparing the bearing of the copper pipe cutting knife);
(3) and (3) sintering: putting the model A prepared in the step (2) into a sintering furnace in batches for sintering to prepare a cutter;
(4) manufacturing a copper pipe cutting knife: and (4) performing edging treatment on the blade part of the cutter prepared in the step (3) to prepare the copper pipe cutter.
When the pore-forming agent is mixed with the alloy material of the invention in the step (2), the volume of the pore-forming agent is 5% of that of the alloy material of the invention.
And (3) in the step (2), the mass ratio of the alloy material added into the die cavity of the blade part in the die to the alloy material added into the die cavity of the bearing part in the die is 6: 7.5.
The pore-forming agent is carbon powder and PS microspheres.
The specific sintering process in the step (3) is as follows: raising the temperature from 5-25 ℃ at constant speed for 15min to 500 ℃, then preserving the heat for 25min, raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at constant speed for 15min, preserving the heat for 15min, then raising the temperature at constant speed for 20min to 1350 ℃, preserving the heat for 25min, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
Fig. 1 is a copper pipe cutter manufactured in embodiment 2 of the present invention, wherein 1 denotes a cutting edge of the copper pipe cutter, and 2 denotes a bearing of the copper pipe cutter, and the bearing is symmetrically distributed with the cutting edge of the copper pipe cutter as a reference in the up-and-down direction of the cutting edge of the copper pipe cutter.
Example 3:
the alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
a preparation method of an alloy material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing the components according to the formula ratio, mixing, and smelting in a vacuum furnace to obtain a mixture A;
(2) and (2) atomizing, drying and sieving the mixture A prepared in the step (1) to obtain the alloy material.
The temperature for melting in step (1) was 1450 ℃.
And (2) deslagging and refining before atomization.
The atomization in step (2) uses high pressure argon of 2.0MPa to spray mixture A.
The drying in the step (2) is drying for 2.5h at 100 ℃.
The mesh number of the sieved mesh in the step (2) is 300 meshes.
A preparation method of a copper pipe cutting knife comprises the following steps:
(1) designing and manufacturing a die according to the shape of the copper pipe cutter;
(2) and (3) pressure forming: putting the alloy material into a die cavity of a blade part in the die prepared in the step (1), mixing a pore-forming agent with the alloy material, putting the mixture into the die cavity of a bearing part in the die prepared in the step (1), putting the die into a press, and pressurizing to form, wherein the pressurizing pressure is 200MPa and the pressurizing time is 35 minutes to prepare a model A for later use;
(3) and (3) sintering: putting the model A prepared in the step (2) into a sintering furnace in batches for sintering to prepare a cutter;
(4) manufacturing a copper pipe cutting knife: and (4) performing edging treatment on the blade part of the cutter prepared in the step (3) to prepare the copper pipe cutter.
And (3) in the step (2), the mass ratio of the alloy material added into the die cavity of the blade part in the die to the alloy material added into the die cavity of the bearing part in the die is 5: 6.5.
When the pore-forming agent is mixed with the alloy material of the invention in the step (2), the volume of the pore-forming agent is 10% of that of the alloy material of the invention.
The pore-forming agent is ammonium bicarbonate.
The specific sintering process in the step (3) is as follows: raising the temperature from 5-25 ℃ at constant speed for 25min to 500 ℃, then preserving the heat for 20min, raising the temperature to 1000 ℃ at constant speed for 25min, preserving the heat for 15min, then raising the temperature at constant speed for 20min to 1350 ℃, preserving the heat for 25min, and then naturally cooling to room temperature.
Comparative example 1:
compared with example 1, the comparative example 1 does not contain TiC, and the rest components and the preparation process are the same as those of example 1, so that a cutter is prepared.
Comparative example 2:
the C content in comparative example 2 is 7% compared to example 2. The remaining components and preparation were the same as in example 2, to obtain a cutting tool.
Product effectiveness testing
The cutters prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 and a commercially available copper pipe cutter (the commercially available copper pipe cutter does not contain TiC and Mo) were subjected to Rockwell hardness tests at normal temperature (15 ℃ to 20 ℃) and high temperature (600 ℃) respectively, and a cutting test was carried out at normal temperature (the cutting test was carried out by using the copper pipe cutter to continuously work until the edge was broken and the cutting edge was passivated, and the number of days of use for normal work was recorded). Table 1 shows the test results of each product.
Table 1:
as can be seen from the data in Table 1, the hardness and the working time of the products prepared in the examples 1 to 3 are obviously higher than those of the products prepared in the comparative examples 1 to 2 and commercially available copper pipe cutting knives, and the products prepared by the technical scheme of the invention have the advantages of high hardness, good toughness and long service life, and can be continuously used for two months without edge breakage and passivation of the cutting edge.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of a copper pipe cutting knife is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a die according to the shape of the copper pipe cutter;
(2) and (3) pressure forming: filling an alloy material into a die cavity of a blade part in the die prepared in the step (1), then mixing a pore-forming agent with the alloy material, then filling the mixture into a die cavity of a bearing part in the die prepared in the step (1), and then pressurizing the die to prepare a model A for later use;
(3) and (3) sintering: sintering the model A processed in the step (2) to prepare a cutter for later use;
(4) manufacturing a copper pipe cutting knife: performing edging treatment on the blade part of the cutter prepared in the step (3) to prepare the copper pipe cutter;
when the pore-forming agent is mixed with the alloy material in the step (2), the volume of the pore-forming agent is 5-10% of the volume of the alloy material; the mass ratio of the alloy material added into the die cavity of the blade part in the die in the step (2) to the alloy material added into the die cavity of the bearing part in the die is 4-6: 6-7.5;
the alloy material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
in the step (2), the pore-forming agent is selected from at least 1 of carbon powder, PS microspheres, PMMA microspheres, starch or ammonium bicarbonate; the size range of the pore-forming agent is 20-50 mu m;
the pressurizing pressure in the step (2) is 200-300MPa, and the pressurizing time is 30-60 minutes;
the sintering process in the step (3) is as follows: raising the temperature from 5-25 ℃ at a constant speed for 15-25min to 550 ℃ at 450-.
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| CN201910513634.XA CN110218925B (en) | 2019-06-14 | 2019-06-14 | Copper pipe cutting knife and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6960319B1 (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 2005-11-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Tungsten alloys for penetrator application and method of making the same |
| CN108677075A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-10-19 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of preparation method of stirring friction welding agitator head material and stirring-head |
| CN109465758A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-15 | 苏州远东砂轮有限公司 | Vitrified bond CBN composite wheel and preparation method for grinding titanium alloy |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6960319B1 (en) * | 1995-10-27 | 2005-11-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Tungsten alloys for penetrator application and method of making the same |
| CN108677075A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-10-19 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of preparation method of stirring friction welding agitator head material and stirring-head |
| CN109465758A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-15 | 苏州远东砂轮有限公司 | Vitrified bond CBN composite wheel and preparation method for grinding titanium alloy |
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