CN111250807B - Diamond tool and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Diamond tool and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111250807B CN111250807B CN202010175631.2A CN202010175631A CN111250807B CN 111250807 B CN111250807 B CN 111250807B CN 202010175631 A CN202010175631 A CN 202010175631A CN 111250807 B CN111250807 B CN 111250807B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/0008—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering specially adapted for particular articles or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
- B23K1/008—Soldering within a furnace
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Abstract
The invention discloses a diamond tool and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) providing a tool base body; (2) applying a brazing material and a diamond raw material on the surface of a tool substrate, wherein the brazing material comprises any one of silver-based brazing filler metal, nickel-iron brazing filler metal, copper-based brazing filler metal and titanium-based brazing filler metal; (3) and (3) in protective atmosphere, continuously enabling the matrix composite structure finally obtained in the step (2) to pass through a heating zone of an automatic mesh belt furnace with controllable atmosphere for braze welding treatment, and then performing post-treatment to obtain the diamond tool. The invention adopts the controllable atmosphere continuous brazing process with low price to replace the prior brazing processes such as vacuum brazing and the like to realize the large-scale and continuous processing of the diamond tool, can greatly improve the preparation efficiency of the diamond tool and effectively reduce the preparation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of superhard material tools, and relates to a preparation method of a diamond tool, in particular to a low-cost diamond tool and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Diamond is the hardest material found in the world today and used in large quantities in industry, has excellent hardness, rigidity, wear resistance and thermal stability, and thus is widely used in various cutting and grinding tools such as grinders, cutters, molds and gauges, etc. The metal binding agent diamond tool is prepared by using diamond as a cutting and grinding material, using metal powder as a binding agent and using a powder metallurgy or brazing method through processes of compression molding, sintering and the like. The high-strength wear-resistant steel has high strength and good wear resistance, and has a large amount of application requirements in various industries such as agriculture, industry, mining industry and the like; however, the powder metallurgy method has complex preparation process and high requirement on equipment, so that the cost of the product is relatively high, and the application of the diamond tool is limited.
The brazing process is a welding technique in which a brazing filler metal having a melting temperature lower than that of a base material is used, and the base materials are joined together by the molten brazing filler metal at an operating temperature lower than the solidus line of the base materials and higher than the liquidus line of the brazing filler metal. Although the bonding of the diamond tool is achieved by brazing, the bonding strength between the diamond and the base material is not as high as that of the powder metallurgy; but the brazing method is used for preparing the diamond tool, the forming and processing method of the base material is simple, and the efficiency is high; meanwhile, the brazing process flow is relatively simple, and the influence on the performance of the diamond in the high-temperature processing process is avoided. Therefore, the use of brazing method to prepare diamond tools is also the hot point of application research.
However, several industry-related pain points present in diamond brazing have been hindering the development of large-scale diamond tool brazing techniques. On one hand, the high temperature resistance of the diamond under the air condition is extremely poor, and the diamond begins to graphitize at about 800 ℃; but the phenomenon of graphitization starts to occur under the vacuum condition and 1500 ℃. On the other hand, most brazing filler metals have poor wettability to diamond, and even cannot be wetted; the liquidus temperature of the brazing filler metal capable of diamond brazing is high, and brazing below 800 ℃ is difficult to realize. Under the influence of the factors, the existing diamond tool brazing processing and manufacturing mostly adopts vacuum brazing, laser brazing, induction brazing, resistance brazing and the like. Most of the brazing methods need to be carried out under vacuum conditions, and large-scale, continuous and automatic production cannot be realized, so that the manufacturing efficiency and the manufacturing cost of the diamond tool are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The main object of the present invention is to provide a diamond tool and a method for manufacturing the same, thereby overcoming the disadvantages of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
the embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a diamond tool, which comprises the following steps:
(1) providing a tool base body;
(2) applying a brazing material and a diamond raw material on the surface of a tool substrate, wherein the brazing material comprises any one of silver-based brazing filler metal, nickel-iron brazing filler metal, copper-based brazing filler metal and titanium-based brazing filler metal;
(3) and (3) in protective atmosphere, continuously enabling the matrix composite structure finally obtained in the step (2) to pass through a heating zone of an automatic mesh belt furnace with controllable atmosphere for braze welding treatment, and then performing post-treatment to obtain the diamond tool.
Further, in step (3), the protective atmosphere comprises one or a combination of ammonia decomposition gas, hydrogen gas or inert gas atmosphere.
Further, in the step (3), the temperature control range of the preheating zone is between room temperature and 400 ℃, the heating rate is between 5 and 15 ℃/min, the temperature control range of the heating zone is between 400 and 900 ℃, and the heating rate is between 10 and 30 ℃/min; the temperature control range of the welding area is 900-; the heating rate is 3-15 ℃/min; and the cooling zone is cooled at a cooling speed of 20-50 ℃/min until the temperature is reduced to the room temperature.
Further, in the step (3), the post-treatment includes an annealing treatment and/or a shaping treatment.
The present invention also provides a diamond tool made by any of the foregoing methods.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, by adjusting the matching of the brazing material and the brazing process and adopting a curve type heating mode, the diamond tools are continuously processed and prepared in batches under the condition of the controlled atmosphere continuous brazing process, so that the existing vacuum brazing and other brazing processes are replaced by the low-price controlled atmosphere continuous brazing process to realize the large-batch and continuous processing of the diamond tools, the preparation efficiency of the diamond tools can be greatly improved, and the preparation cost is effectively reduced.
(2) According to the invention, the effective brazing of the diamond can be realized under the non-vacuum condition and the environment of 900-1200 ℃, the diamond layer of the obtained diamond tool is not easy to peel off, and the service life of the diamond tool is greatly prolonged; the continuous brazing process has the advantages that the welding temperature is reduced to some extent compared with vacuum brazing and the like, the heat damage to the matrix and the diamond is avoided, the phenomenon that the diamond is graphitized at the brazing temperature can be avoided by adopting atmosphere protection, and therefore effective brazing of the diamond is achieved.
Detailed Description
In the existing brazing technology, the controlled atmosphere continuous brazing does not need a vacuum environment, so that the requirement on the precision of equipment is reduced, continuous large-batch and low-cost production can be realized, and the controlled atmosphere continuous brazing method is widely applied to the brazing processing of various stainless steel tools. In view of improving the processing efficiency of the diamond tool and reducing the processing cost, the continuous brazing processing using the controlled atmosphere is necessarily a subsequent development trend.
In view of the defects of the prior art, the inventor of the present invention provides a technical scheme of the present invention through long-term research and a great deal of practice, and mainly aims at the industrial pain point in the diamond brazing technology, and realizes the batch continuous processing and preparation of the diamond tool under the condition of the controlled atmosphere continuous brazing technology by adjusting the matching of the brazing material and the brazing technology. The technical solution, its implementation and principles will be further explained as follows.
An aspect of an embodiment of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a diamond tool, including the steps of:
(1) providing a tool base body;
(2) applying a brazing material and a diamond raw material on the surface of a tool substrate, wherein the brazing material comprises any one of silver-based brazing filler metal, nickel-iron brazing filler metal, copper-based brazing filler metal and titanium-based brazing filler metal;
(3) and (3) in protective atmosphere, continuously enabling the matrix composite structure finally obtained in the step (2) to pass through a heating zone of an automatic mesh belt furnace with controllable atmosphere for braze welding treatment, and then performing post-treatment to obtain the diamond tool.
In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, step (2) may specifically include: applying a brazing material to the surface of the tool substrate to form a brazing material layer, and then applying a diamond feedstock to the surface of the brazing material layer to form a substrate/brazing material layer/diamond layer structure, thereby obtaining the substrate composite structure.
In other preferred embodiments of the present invention, step (2) may further specifically include: uniformly mixing a brazing material and a diamond raw material to form a mixture, and then applying the mixture to the surface of a tool substrate to form a substrate/mixture layer structure to obtain the substrate composite structure.
In some preferred embodiments, the silver-based solder may include any one or more of Ag78Cu28-Ti, Ag66Cu26, and the like, without being limited thereto.
In some preferred embodiments, the nickel-based braze may include, without limitation, any one or combination of two or more of BNi2, BNi5, BNi6, BNi7, and the like.
In some preferred embodiments, the nickel-iron braze may be a proportioned mixture of standard nickel-based braze alloy powder and iron powder.
Further, the brazing material is preferably a mixture of standard nickel-based brazing alloy powder and carbonyl iron powder in proportion.
Still further, the standard nickel-based brazing alloy includes any one or a combination of two or more of BNi2, BNi5, BNi7, and the like, and is not limited thereto.
In some preferred embodiments, the diamond feedstock includes any one or a combination of two or more of natural diamond, artificial diamond, single crystal diamond, polycrystalline diamond, and the like, without being limited thereto.
Further, the grain size of the diamond raw material is 40-2000 meshes.
In some preferred embodiments, the brazing material is applied to the tool base surface by at least any one of screen printing, coating, spotting, dipping.
In some preferred embodiments, the brazing material is applied to the tool base surface by screen printing or automated spot coating.
Further, the thickness of the brazing material layer is 0.3mm to 0.7mm, that is, the thickness of the brazing material on the surface of the tool base body is controlled to be 0.3mm to 0.7 mm.
In some preferred embodiments, the preparation method comprises: and applying the diamond raw material to the surface of the brazing material layer by at least any one of printing, manual spraying and dipping.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the diamond raw material and the brazing material according to the mass ratio of 1:10-20 to obtain the mixture.
Further, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: the diamond feedstock is added to the braze material in portions and uniformly dispersed.
In some preferred embodiments, the preparation method comprises: the mixture is applied to the tool substrate surface by at least any one of screen printing, coating, dispensing, and dipping.
Further, the mixture is applied to the tool base surface by screen printing or automated spot coating.
Further, the thickness of the mixture layer is 0.3mm to 0.7mm, that is, the thickness of the mixture layer of the brazing material and the diamond material on the surface of the tool base body is controlled to be 0.3mm to 0.7 mm.
In some preferred embodiments, in step (3), the protective atmosphere includes one or a combination of two of ammonia decomposition gas, hydrogen gas, inert gas atmosphere, and the like, and is not limited thereto.
Further, the inert gas includes one or a combination of two of helium, argon, and the like, and is not limited thereto.
Further, in the step (3), the temperature control range of the preheating zone is between room temperature and 400 ℃, the heating rate is between 5 and 15 ℃/min, the temperature control range of the heating zone is between 400 and 900 ℃, and the heating rate is between 10 and 30 ℃/min; the temperature control range of the welding area is 900-; the heating rate is 3-15 ℃/min; and the cooling zone is cooled at a cooling speed of 20-50 ℃/min until the temperature is reduced to the room temperature.
The heating zone of the controlled atmosphere automatic mesh belt furnace in the embodiment of the invention comprises a preheating zone, a heating zone, a welding zone and a plurality of zones of a cooling zone, and can realize that the temperature of a matrix composite structural member is increased to the brazing temperature in a curve manner to realize the welding of a diamond tool on a mesh belt of the mesh belt furnace in the process of advancing at a certain speed; the continuous large-batch brazing diamond tool can be realized under the dynamic condition by utilizing the mesh belt furnace, the dynamic brazing of the tool matrix can be realized by adjusting the mesh belt speed of the mesh belt furnace, the temperature control interval ranges and the heating rates of different heating areas in the furnace according to the characteristics of the shapes, the sizes and the like of different tool matrixes, and the brazing quality are ensured.
Further, in the step (3), the post-treatment includes an annealing treatment and/or a shaping treatment.
Further, the step (1) further comprises: the tool substrate is pre-treated.
Further, the pretreatment includes any one or a combination of two or more of cleaning, drying and annealing treatments.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the annealing treatment and the shaping treatment in the post-treatment and the cleaning, drying and annealing treatment in the pre-treatment are all conventional processes and are not critical points to be protected by the technical scheme, so detailed explanation is not provided in the technical scheme.
The material of the tool base includes any one or a combination of two or more of free turning iron, 45# steel, tungsten steel, carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, spring steel, 65Mn steel, 65Si2Mn steel, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
As a more specific embodiment of the present invention, the method for manufacturing a continuous, large-batch, low-cost brazed diamond tool specifically includes the following steps:
1) machining and preparing a tool matrix according to the actual requirements of the tool, and pretreating the matrix;
2) carrying out step 2.1 or step 2.2 on the tool matrix pretreated in the step 1):
the step 2.1 is specifically as follows: forming a brazing material layer on the tool substrate by the brazing material through material distribution, and forming a diamond raw material on the brazing material layer to obtain a substrate/brazing material layer/diamond layer structure;
or, the step 2.2 specifically includes: mixing diamond raw materials and brazing materials to form paste, and forming a brazing material and diamond material mixture layer on a tool substrate;
3) placing the tool on a mesh belt of a continuous brazing mesh belt furnace, and sequentially passing through the brazing mesh belt furnace in a non-air atmosphere to finish brazing to obtain a finished diamond tool;
4) and carrying out post-treatment on the diamond tool after brazing.
The preparation process of the paste formed by mixing the brazing material and the diamond in the step 2) comprises the steps of weighing the diamond and the brazing material according to the mass ratio of 1:10-20, dispersing the brazing material, and adding the diamond particles in a stirring state in a fractional manner to realize uniform dispersion of the diamond in the mixture.
Another aspect of an embodiment of the present invention also provides a diamond tool made by any of the foregoing methods.
By the technical scheme, the diamond tools are continuously processed in batches under the condition of the controlled atmosphere continuous brazing process by adjusting the matching of the brazing material and the brazing process, so that the existing vacuum brazing and other brazing processes are replaced by the low-price controlled atmosphere continuous brazing process to realize the large-batch continuous processing of the diamond tools, the preparation efficiency of the diamond tools can be greatly improved, and the preparation cost is effectively reduced.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further explained with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention, and that experimental conditions and set parameters therein are not to be considered as limitations of the basic embodiments of the invention. And the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Example 1
A diamond tool bit is characterized in that tungsten steel is used as a base material to be processed into a tool bit base body, BNi7 is used as an alloy phase material, BNi7 paste-like brazing paste on the market is selected as a raw material, a brazing paste layer is formed on the side surface of the tool bit needing toughening, the coating thickness of the brazing paste is 0.3mm, and then diamond particles are dipped to form a tool bit/brazing paste/diamond structure layer; placing the blade into an inlet of a controlled atmosphere automatic brazing mesh belt furnace, and passing through the furnace under a helium atmosphere to obtain a finished product of the cutter head; wherein the temperature range of a preheating zone of the mesh belt furnace is 400 ℃, the heating rate is 15 ℃/min, the temperature range of a heating zone is 900 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃/min, the temperature range of a welding zone is 1200 ℃, and the heating rate is 15 ℃/min; the cooling rate in the cooling zone was 50 ℃/min until the temperature was reduced to room temperature.
Comparative example 1
The remaining parameters were kept in accordance with example 1, and the coating thickness of the solder paste was controlled to 0.2 mm.
Example 2
The remaining parameters were kept in accordance with example 1, and the coating thickness of the solder paste was controlled to 0.5 mm.
Example 3
The remaining parameters were kept in accordance with example 1, and the coating thickness of the solder paste was controlled to 0.7 mm.
Comparative example 2
The remaining parameters were kept in accordance with example 1, and the coating thickness of the solder paste was controlled to 0.8 mm.
The specific test results of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 are reported in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the coating thickness of the brazing material should be controlled within a certain range, and the coating thickness of the brazing material is too low, so that the service life of the tool is limited; the coating thickness of the brazing material and the service life of the tool begin to decline, the larger the coating thickness is, the higher the preparation cost is, and the coating thickness of the brazing material is generally controlled to be 0.3mm-0.7mm in consideration of comprehensive cost and service life.
Example 4
A diamond cutter is processed into a structure with two opposite side surfaces by using 65Mn steel as a base material, wherein the side surfaces are provided with a first cutting surface, a second cutting surface and a blade part formed by intersecting the first cutting surface and the second cutting surface; the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a mixture of BNi2 and BNi7 in a mass ratio of 1:1 as an alloy phase material, and selecting BNi2 and BNi7 paste soldering pastes on the market as raw materials; mixing diamond and a pasty alloy material according to a mass ratio of 1:10 to obtain a pasty mixture; coating a mixture layer with the thickness of 0.3mm on the side surface of the substrate, placing the mixture layer at the inlet of a controlled atmosphere automatic brazing mesh belt furnace, and passing through the furnace under the argon atmosphere to obtain a finished cutter product; wherein the temperature range of a preheating zone of the mesh belt furnace is 400 ℃, the heating rate is 15 ℃/min, the temperature range of a heating zone is 900 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃/min, the temperature range of a welding zone is 1200 ℃, and the heating rate is 15 ℃/min; the cooling rate in the cooling zone was 50 ℃/min until the temperature was reduced to room temperature.
Comparative example 3
A diamond cutter is processed into a structure with two opposite side surfaces by using 65Mn steel as a base material, wherein the side surfaces are provided with a first cutting surface, a second cutting surface and a blade part formed by intersecting the first cutting surface and the second cutting surface; the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a mixture of BNi2 and BNi7 in a mass ratio of 1:1 as an alloy phase material, and selecting BNi2 and BNi7 paste soldering pastes on the market as raw materials; mixing diamond and a pasty alloy material according to a mass ratio of 1: 9 to obtain a pasty mixture; coating a mixture layer with the thickness of 0.3mm on the side surface of the substrate, placing the mixture layer at the inlet of a controlled atmosphere automatic brazing mesh belt furnace, and passing through the furnace under the argon atmosphere to obtain a finished cutter product; wherein the temperature range of a preheating zone of the mesh belt furnace is 400 ℃, the heating rate is 15 ℃/min, the temperature range of a heating zone is 900 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃/min, the temperature range of a welding zone is 1200 ℃, and the heating rate is 15 ℃/min; the cooling rate in the cooling zone was 50 ℃/min until the temperature was reduced to room temperature.
Example 5
A diamond cutter is processed into a structure with two opposite side surfaces by using 65Mn steel as a base material, wherein the side surfaces are provided with a first cutting surface, a second cutting surface and a blade part formed by intersecting the first cutting surface and the second cutting surface; the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a mixture of BNi2 and BNi7 in a mass ratio of 1:1 as an alloy phase material, and selecting BNi2 and BNi7 paste soldering pastes on the market as raw materials; mixing diamond and a pasty alloy material according to a mass ratio of 1: 15 to obtain a pasty mixture; coating a mixture layer with the thickness of 0.3mm on the side surface of the substrate, placing the mixture layer at the inlet of a controlled atmosphere automatic brazing mesh belt furnace, and passing through the furnace under the argon atmosphere to obtain a finished cutter product; wherein the temperature range of a preheating zone of the mesh belt furnace is 400 ℃, the heating rate is 15 ℃/min, the temperature range of a heating zone is 900 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃/min, the temperature range of a welding zone is 1200 ℃, and the heating rate is 15 ℃/min; the cooling rate in the cooling zone was 50 ℃/min until the temperature was reduced to room temperature.
Example 6
A diamond cutter is processed into a structure with two opposite side surfaces by using 65Mn steel as a base material, wherein the side surfaces are provided with a first cutting surface, a second cutting surface and a blade part formed by intersecting the first cutting surface and the second cutting surface; the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a mixture of BNi2 and BNi7 in a mass ratio of 1:1 as an alloy phase material, and selecting BNi2 and BNi7 paste soldering pastes on the market as raw materials; mixing diamond and a pasty alloy material according to a mass ratio of 1: 20 to obtain a pasty mixture; coating a mixture layer with the thickness of 0.3mm on the side surface of the substrate, placing the mixture layer at the inlet of a controlled atmosphere automatic brazing mesh belt furnace, and passing through the furnace under the argon atmosphere to obtain a finished cutter product; wherein the temperature range of a preheating zone of the mesh belt furnace is 400 ℃, the heating rate is 15 ℃/min, the temperature range of a heating zone is 900 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃/min, the temperature range of a welding zone is 1200 ℃, and the heating rate is 15 ℃/min; the cooling rate in the cooling zone was 50 ℃/min until the temperature was reduced to room temperature.
Comparative example 4
A diamond cutter is processed into a structure with two opposite side surfaces by using 65Mn steel as a base material, wherein the side surfaces are provided with a first cutting surface, a second cutting surface and a blade part formed by intersecting the first cutting surface and the second cutting surface; the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a mixture of BNi2 and BNi7 in a mass ratio of 1:1 as an alloy phase material, and selecting BNi2 and BNi7 paste soldering pastes on the market as raw materials; mixing diamond and a pasty alloy material according to a mass ratio of 1: 21 to obtain a pasty mixture; coating a mixture layer with the thickness of 0.3mm on the side surface of the substrate, placing the mixture layer at the inlet of a controlled atmosphere automatic brazing mesh belt furnace, and passing through the furnace under the argon atmosphere to obtain a finished cutter product; wherein the temperature range of a preheating zone of the mesh belt furnace is 400 ℃, the heating rate is 15 ℃/min, the temperature range of a heating zone is 900 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃/min, the temperature range of a welding zone is 1200 ℃, and the heating rate is 15 ℃/min; the cooling rate in the cooling zone was 50 ℃/min until the temperature was reduced to room temperature.
The specific test results of examples 4-6 and comparative examples 3-4 are reported in table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the mass ratio of diamond to the pasty alloy material should be controlled within a certain range to ensure a longer service life of the tool.
In some embodiments, to further evaluate the weldability of low-cost nickel-iron brazing materials with conventional brazing materials, different brazing materials were compared in a comparative test mode, depending on the service life of the diamond tool. In the experiment, the specific service time of different cutter samples in the actual use process is recorded, and the evaluation of the cutting efficiency of the cutter after brazing is realized.
Example 7
A diamond cutter is processed into a structure with two opposite side surfaces by using 65Mn steel as a base material, wherein the side surfaces are provided with a first cutting surface, a second cutting surface and an edge part formed by intersecting the first cutting surface and the second cutting surface; the method comprises the following steps of (1) taking a mixture of BNi2 and BNi7 in a mass ratio of 1:1 as a nickel-based brazing material, and adding 10% of 1000-mesh carbonyl iron powder; weighing a proper amount of pure water and xanthan gum; under the condition of heating and stirring, adding xanthan gum into pure water for dispersing; obtaining a brazing solvent system; adding the mixed powder of the nickel-based brazing material powder and the iron powder into a solvent system for dispersing for three times to obtain a final pasty nickel-iron brazing material; the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing diamond and a pasty ferronickel brazing material in a mass ratio of: 10 to obtain a mixture; coating a mixture with the thickness of 0.7mm on the side surface of the substrate, placing the mixture at the inlet of an automatic mesh belt furnace, and passing through the furnace under the argon atmosphere to obtain a finished cutter; wherein the temperature range of the preheating zone of the mesh belt furnace is room temperature, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the temperature range of the heating zone is 400 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the temperature range of the welding zone is 900 ℃, and the heating rate is 3 ℃/min; the cooling rate of the cooling zone was 20 ℃/min until the temperature was reduced to room temperature.
Comparative example 5
A diamond cutter is processed into a structure with two opposite side surfaces by using 65Mn steel as a base material, wherein the side surfaces are provided with a first cutting surface, a second cutting surface and an edge part formed by intersecting the first cutting surface and the second cutting surface; taking a mixture of BNi2 and BNi7 in a mass ratio of 1:1 as a nickel-based brazing material, and weighing a proper amount of pure water and xanthan gum; under the condition of heating and stirring, adding xanthan gum into pure water for dispersion to obtain a brazing solvent system; adding the mixed nickel-based brazing material powder into a solvent system for dispersing for three times to obtain a final pasty nickel brazing material; the mass ratio of diamond to paste nickel brazing material is 1:10 to obtain a mixture; coating a mixture with the thickness of 0.7mm on the side surface of the substrate, placing the mixture at the inlet of an automatic mesh belt furnace, and passing through the furnace under the argon atmosphere to obtain a finished cutter; wherein the temperature range of the preheating zone of the mesh belt furnace is room temperature, the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the temperature range of the heating zone is 400 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the temperature range of the welding zone is 900 ℃, and the heating rate is 3 ℃/min; the cooling rate of the cooling zone was 20 ℃/min until the temperature was reduced to room temperature.
Example 8
A self-sharpening straw crushing cutter is processed by using 65Mn steel as a base material into a structure with two opposite side surfaces, wherein the side surfaces are provided with a first cutting surface, a second cutting surface and a blade part formed by intersecting the first cutting surface with a lower cutting surface; BNi2 is adopted as a nickel-based brazing material, and 1000-mesh carbonyl iron powder with the mass content of 10 percent is added; weighing a proper amount of pure water and xanthan gum; under the condition of heating and stirring, adding xanthan gum into pure water for dispersing; obtaining a brazing solvent system; adding the mixed powder of nickel-based brazing material powder and iron powder into a solvent system for dispersing three times to obtain a final pasty nickel-iron brazing material; the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing diamond and a pasty ferronickel brazing material in a mass ratio of: 10 to obtain a mixture; coating a mixture with the thickness of 0.7mm on the side surface of the substrate, placing the mixture at the inlet of an automatic mesh belt furnace, and passing through the furnace under the argon atmosphere to obtain a finished cutter; wherein the temperature range of a preheating zone of the mesh belt furnace is 200 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the temperature range of a heating zone is 650 ℃, the heating rate is 20 ℃/min, the temperature range of a welding zone is 1050 ℃, and the heating rate is 9 ℃/min; the cooling rate in the cooling zone was 35 ℃/min until the temperature was reduced to room temperature.
Comparative example 6
A diamond is processed into a structure with two opposite side surfaces by using 65Mn steel as a base material, wherein the side surfaces are provided with a first cutting surface, a second cutting surface and a blade part formed by intersecting the first cutting surface and the second cutting surface; BNi2 is used as a nickel-based brazing material, and a proper amount of pure water and xanthan gum are weighed; under the condition of heating and stirring, adding xanthan gum into pure water for dispersion to obtain a brazing solvent system; adding nickel-based brazing material powder into a solvent system for three times for dispersion to obtain a final pasty nickel brazing material; the mass ratio of diamond to paste nickel brazing material is 1:10 to obtain a mixture; coating a mixture with the thickness of 0.7mm on the side surface of the substrate, placing the mixture at the inlet of an automatic mesh belt furnace, and passing through the furnace under the argon atmosphere to obtain a finished cutter; wherein the temperature range of a preheating zone of the mesh belt furnace is 200 ℃, the heating rate is 10 ℃/min, the temperature range of a heating zone is 650 ℃, the heating rate is 20 ℃/min, the temperature range of a welding zone is 1050 ℃, and the heating rate is 9 ℃/min; the cooling rate in the cooling zone was 35 ℃/min until the temperature was reduced to room temperature.
Example 9
A self-sharpening straw crushing cutter is processed by using 65Mn steel as a base material into a structure with two opposite side surfaces, wherein the side surfaces are provided with a first cutting surface, a second cutting surface and a blade part formed by intersecting the first cutting surface with a lower cutting surface; BNi7 is adopted as a nickel-based brazing material, and 1000-mesh carbonyl iron powder with the mass content of 10 percent is added; weighing a proper amount of pure water and xanthan gum; under the condition of heating and stirring, adding xanthan gum into pure water for dispersing; obtaining a brazing solvent system; adding the mixed powder of nickel-based brazing material powder and iron powder into a solvent system for dispersing three times to obtain a final pasty nickel-iron brazing material; the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing diamond and a pasty ferronickel brazing material in a mass ratio of: 10 to obtain a mixture; coating a mixture with the thickness of 0.7mm on the side surface of the substrate, placing the mixture at the inlet of an automatic mesh belt furnace, and passing through the furnace under the argon atmosphere to obtain a finished cutter; wherein the temperature range of a preheating zone of the mesh belt furnace is 400 ℃, the heating rate is 15 ℃/min, the temperature range of a heating zone is 900 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃/min, the temperature range of a welding zone is 1200 ℃, and the heating rate is 15 ℃/min; the cooling rate in the cooling zone was 50 ℃/min until the temperature was reduced to room temperature.
Comparative example 7
A self-sharpening straw crushing cutter is processed by using 65Mn steel as a base material into a structure with two opposite side surfaces, wherein the side surfaces are provided with a first cutting surface, a second cutting surface and a blade part formed by intersecting the first cutting surface with a lower cutting surface; BNi7 is used as a nickel-based brazing material, and a proper amount of pure water and xanthan gum are weighed; under the condition of heating and stirring, adding xanthan gum into pure water for dispersion to obtain a brazing solvent system; adding nickel-based brazing material powder into a solvent system for three times for dispersion to obtain a final pasty nickel brazing material; the mass ratio of diamond to paste nickel brazing material is 1:10 to obtain a mixture; coating a mixture with the thickness of 0.7mm on the side surface of the substrate, placing the mixture at the inlet of an automatic mesh belt furnace, and passing through the furnace under the argon atmosphere to obtain a finished cutter; wherein the temperature range of a preheating zone of the mesh belt furnace is 400 ℃, the heating rate is 15 ℃/min, the temperature range of a heating zone is 900 ℃, the heating rate is 30 ℃/min, the temperature range of a welding zone is 1200 ℃, and the heating rate is 15 ℃/min; the cooling rate in the cooling zone was 50 ℃/min until the temperature was reduced to room temperature.
Comparative example 8
A self-sharpening straw crushing cutter is processed by using 65Mn steel as a base material into a structure with two opposite side surfaces, wherein the side surfaces are provided with a first cutting surface, a second cutting surface and a blade part formed by intersecting the first cutting surface with a lower cutting surface; BNi2 is adopted as a nickel-based brazing material, and 1000-mesh carbonyl iron powder with the mass content of 10 percent is added; weighing a proper amount of pure water and xanthan gum; under the condition of heating and stirring, adding xanthan gum into pure water for dispersing; obtaining a brazing solvent system; adding the mixed powder of nickel-based brazing material powder and iron powder into a solvent system for dispersing three times to obtain a final pasty nickel-iron brazing material; the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing diamond and a pasty ferronickel brazing material in a mass ratio of: 10 to obtain a mixture; coating a mixture with the thickness of 0.7mm on the side surface of the substrate, placing the mixture at the inlet of an automatic mesh belt furnace, and passing through the furnace under the argon atmosphere to obtain a finished cutter; wherein the temperature range of a preheating zone of the mesh belt furnace is 400 ℃, the heating rate is 20 ℃/min, the temperature range of a heating zone is 700 ℃, the heating rate is 25 ℃/min, the temperature range of a welding zone is 800 ℃, and the heating rate is 15 ℃/min; the cooling rate in the cooling zone was 40 ℃/min until the temperature was reduced to room temperature.
The experimental structure shows that when the welding temperature is too low, the brazing solder is not fully melted, the diamond and the brazing solder are agglomerated on the surface of the tool base material, and the welding fails.
Comparative example 9
A self-sharpening straw crushing cutter is processed by using 65Mn steel as a base material into a structure with two opposite side surfaces, wherein the side surfaces are provided with a first cutting surface, a second cutting surface and a blade part formed by intersecting the first cutting surface with a lower cutting surface; BNi2 is adopted as a nickel-based brazing material, and 1000-mesh carbonyl iron powder with the mass content of 10 percent is added; weighing a proper amount of pure water and xanthan gum; under the condition of heating and stirring, adding xanthan gum into pure water for dispersing; obtaining a brazing solvent system; adding the mixed powder of nickel-based brazing material powder and iron powder into a solvent system for dispersing three times to obtain a final pasty nickel-iron brazing material; the method comprises the following steps of (1) mixing diamond and a pasty ferronickel brazing material in a mass ratio of: 10 to obtain a mixture; coating a mixture with the thickness of 0.7mm on the side surface of the substrate, placing the mixture at the inlet of an automatic mesh belt furnace, and passing through the furnace in an air atmosphere to obtain a finished cutter; wherein the temperature range of a preheating zone of the mesh belt furnace is 400 ℃, the heating rate is 20 ℃/min, the temperature range of a heating zone is 900 ℃, the heating rate is 25 ℃/min, the temperature range of a welding zone is 1050 ℃, and the heating rate is 15 ℃/min; the cooling rate in the cooling zone was 40 ℃/min until the temperature was reduced to room temperature.
The experimental structure shows that the brazing material is oxidized under the air condition, so that the material cannot be melted, diamond and the brazing material are agglomerated on the surface of a tool base material, and the welding fails.
The specific test results of examples 7-9 and comparative examples 5-9 are reported in table 3. .
TABLE 3
As can be seen from Table 3, after a proper amount of iron powder is added into the standard nickel-based brazing material, the service life of the obtained diamond tool is obviously prolonged, the effect is better, and the diamond layer of the obtained diamond tool is further embodied to be not easy to peel off and fall off.
The aspects, embodiments, features and examples of the present invention should be considered as illustrative in all respects and not intended to be limiting of the invention, the scope of which is defined only by the claims. Other embodiments, modifications, and uses will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention.
The use of headings and chapters in this disclosure is not meant to limit the disclosure; each section may apply to any aspect, embodiment, or feature of the disclosure.
Throughout this specification, where a composition is described as having, containing, or comprising specific components or where a process is described as having, containing, or comprising specific process steps, it is contemplated that the composition of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited components, and the process of the present teachings also consist essentially of, or consist of, the recited process steps.
Unless specifically stated otherwise, use of the terms "comprising", "including", "having" or "having" is generally to be understood as open-ended and not limiting.
It should be understood that the order of steps or the order in which particular actions are performed is not critical, so long as the teachings of the invention remain operable. Further, two or more steps or actions may be performed simultaneously.
In addition, the inventors of the present invention have also made experiments with other materials, process operations, and process conditions described in the present specification with reference to the above examples, and have obtained preferable results.
While the invention has been described with reference to illustrative embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various other changes, omissions and/or additions may be made and substantial equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, unless specifically stated any use of the terms first, second, etc. do not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one element from another.
Claims (12)
1. A method for producing a diamond tool, characterized by comprising:
(1) providing a tool base body;
(2) applying a brazing material to the surface of a tool substrate to form a brazing material layer, and then applying a diamond raw material to the surface of the brazing material layer to form a substrate/brazing material layer/diamond layer structure to obtain a substrate composite structure, wherein the thickness of the brazing material layer is 0.3mm-0.7 mm;
or uniformly mixing the diamond raw material and the brazing material according to the mass ratio of 1:10-20 to form a mixture, then applying the mixture to the surface of a tool substrate to form a substrate/mixture layer structure to obtain the substrate composite structure, wherein the thickness of the mixture layer is 0.3mm-0.7 mm;
the brazing material is selected from a nickel-iron brazing filler metal, the nickel-iron brazing filler metal is a mixture of a standard nickel-based brazing alloy and carbonyl iron powder, and the content of the carbonyl iron powder in the nickel-iron brazing filler metal is 10 wt%;
(3) in protective atmosphere, continuously enabling the matrix composite structure obtained in the step (2) to pass through a heating zone of an automatic mesh belt furnace with controllable atmosphere for braze welding treatment, and then performing post-treatment to obtain a diamond tool; the heating zone of the atmosphere-controllable automatic mesh belt furnace comprises a preheating zone, a heating zone, a welding zone and a cooling zone, wherein the temperature control range of the preheating zone is room temperature-400 ℃, the heating rate is 5-15 ℃/min, the temperature control range of the heating zone is 400-900 ℃, and the heating rate is 10-30 ℃/min; the temperature control range of the welding area is 900-; the heating rate is 3-15 ℃/min; and the cooling zone is cooled at a cooling speed of 20-50 ℃/min until the temperature is reduced to the room temperature.
2. The method of manufacturing a diamond tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the standard nickel-based brazing alloy is selected from any one or a combination of more than two of BNi2, BNi5 and BNi 7.
3. The method of manufacturing a diamond tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diamond raw material is selected from any one or a combination of more than two of natural diamond, artificial diamond, monocrystalline diamond and polycrystalline diamond, and the particle size of the diamond raw material is 40-2000 meshes.
4. The method of manufacturing a diamond tool according to claim 1, characterized by comprising: the brazing material is applied to the tool base surface by at least any one of screen printing, coating, spot coating, dipping.
5. The method of manufacturing a diamond tool according to claim 1, characterized by comprising: and applying the diamond raw material to the surface of the brazing material layer by at least any one of printing, manual spraying and dipping.
6. The method for manufacturing a diamond tool according to claim 1, wherein the method specifically comprises: the diamond feedstock is added to the braze material in portions and uniformly dispersed.
7. The method of manufacturing a diamond tool according to claim 1, comprising: the mixture is applied to the tool substrate surface by at least any one of screen printing, coating, dispensing, and dipping.
8. The method of manufacturing a diamond tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (3), the protective atmosphere is selected from ammonia decomposition gas, hydrogen gas or inert gas atmosphere.
9. The method of manufacturing a diamond tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the post-treatment comprises an annealing treatment and/or a shaping treatment.
10. The method of manufacturing a diamond tool according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) further comprises: pre-treating the tool substrate; the pretreatment is any one or combination of more than two of cleaning, drying and annealing treatment.
11. The method of manufacturing a diamond tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the material of the tool substrate is selected from one or the combination of more than two of free turning iron, 45# steel, tungsten steel, carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, cutter steel, spring steel, 65Mn steel and 65Si2Mn steel.
12. A diamond tool made by the method of any one of claims 1-11.
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| CN114571130A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-06-03 | 祥博传热科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of welding material for welding copper and nonmetal base material and welding piece |
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