CN110216871B - 3D printing method and printing system - Google Patents
3D printing method and printing system Download PDFInfo
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- CN110216871B CN110216871B CN201910428429.3A CN201910428429A CN110216871B CN 110216871 B CN110216871 B CN 110216871B CN 201910428429 A CN201910428429 A CN 201910428429A CN 110216871 B CN110216871 B CN 110216871B
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001393 microlithography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D printing method, which comprises the following steps: writing a picture to be printed; preprocessing a picture; calculating the distance from the lens of the projector to the lower surface of the resin tank and the focal length of the lens to be adjusted; calculating and correcting the position offset generated after the picture is amplified; and adjusting the distance from the lens of the projector to the lower surface of the resin tank and the focal length of the lens according to the calculation result, starting the projector and finishing the picture printing task. The invention also discloses a 3D printing system which comprises a processor part and a projection part. The invention can improve the printing precision by utilizing the existing pixel point resources of the printing system to the maximum extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro-lithography 3D printing, in particular to a micro-lithography 3D printing method and a printing system for improving printing precision.
Background
Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a 3D printing technology that has been developed in recent years, and when a product is processed, a cross-sectional pattern of the product is projected onto a surface of a liquid photopolymer resin by a Digital micromirror device, and the irradiated resin is photocured layer by layer. The digital light processing projector takes a digital micro-mirror device DMD chip as an imaging device. The reflection projection instrument is realized by adjusting the angle of the micro mirror. For most of the DLP3D printing machines on the market, the distance from the projector to the bottom of the resin tank is fixed, which means that the size of the projected image is fixed. When the model needing to be printed is small, the projected slice image is small, the fixed distance limits that the printed image cannot be enlarged, other blank areas in the projected image cannot be fully utilized, and the detail part of the projected image is not fine enough, so that the precision of the finally obtained product is reduced. The only way to improve the precision of the product is to replace the DMD chip with higher resolution, which will greatly increase the manufacturing cost of the printer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a 3D printing method and a printing system, and the method and the system can improve the printing precision by utilizing the existing pixel point resources of the printing system to the maximum extent.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a 3D printing method comprising the steps of:
writing a picture to be printed;
picture preprocessing: the picture is enlarged to be close to the size of the projection area of the projector in proportion so as to increase the number of pixel points in the picture during projection;
calculating the distance from the lens of the projector to the lower surface of the resin tank and the focal length of the lens to be adjusted so as to restore the image projected to the lower surface of the resin tank to the original size;
calculating and correcting the position offset generated after the picture is amplified;
and adjusting the distance from the lens of the projector to the lower surface of the resin tank and the focal length of the lens according to the calculation result, starting the projector and finishing the picture printing task.
A 3D printing system comprising a processor portion, a projection portion;
the processor part is used for controlling the printing work of the projection part and specifically comprises the following steps: receiving and preprocessing the written picture; calculating the distance from the lens to the lower surface of the resin tank and the focal length of the lens to be adjusted; calculating the position offset generated after the picture is amplified; controlling and adjusting the distance from a projector lens to the lower surface of the resin tank and the focal length of the lens, starting the projector and completing a picture printing task;
the projection part comprises a digital light processing projector and a resin tank and is used for 3D printing pictures under the control of the processor part;
the resin groove is positioned above the projector, and a projection plane projected by the projector penetrates through the lower surface of the resin groove to form clear projection on the lower surface of the resin groove;
the pre-processing the written picture comprises modifying a picture size.
Preferably, the projection part further comprises a transmission belt and a fourth motor;
the fourth motor is relatively fixed with the projector, the fourth motor is connected with a focusing knob of the projector through a transmission belt, the transmission belt is driven by the fourth motor during working, the focal length of the projector is further adjusted, and clear images are controlled to fall on the lower surface of the resin tank.
Furthermore, the projection part further comprises a fixing plate, the fourth motor is mounted on the fixing plate, the fixing plate is fixed relative to the projector, and the height of the fixing plate is the same as the height difference between the projector and the motor, so that the height difference between the motor and the projector is solved.
Furthermore, the projection part also comprises an object carrying plate, and the projector and the fixing plate are fixed on the object carrying plate. To ensure that the projector and the fourth motor are relatively stationary.
Preferably, the 3D printing system further comprises an adjusting part, which specifically comprises a stage, an x-axis track, a y-axis track, and a z-axis track; the objective table moves up and down along a z-axis track; the x-axis track is fixed on the objective table and moves along the y-axis track; the y-axis track is fixed on the x-axis track and moves along the x-axis; and the three-dimensional space positioning of the projector is completed through the movement among the tracks in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction.
Furthermore, the x-axis track, the y-axis track and the z-axis track are spiral screw rods and are matched with respective stepping motors; the objective table is fixed on a third slide block of the z-axis screw rod, the projector is fixed on a first slide block of the y-axis screw rod, the y-axis screw rod is fixed on a second slide block of the x-axis screw rod, and the x-axis screw rod is fixed above the objective table.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention improves the printing precision by utilizing the existing pixel point resources of the printing system to the maximum extent through the processing of the picture and the printing setting of the printing structure.
2. The invention ensures that the magnified image is projected in the original size and position by zooming and moving the projected image through the adjusting part.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a projection part and an adjustment part of a 3D printing system except a resin tank according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a projection part and an adjustment part of a 3D printing system, except for a resin tank, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a side view of a projection part and an adjustment part of a 3D printing system, except for a resin tank, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of a projection part and an adjustment part of a 3D printing system, except for a resin tank, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a 3D printing method according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1-digital light processing projector; 2-a first motor; 3-z axis screw mandrel; 4-a second motor; 5-a third motor; 6-y axis screw rod; 7-x axis screw mandrel; 8-objective table bearing shaft; 9-carrying plate; 10-a drive belt; 11-a fourth motor; 12-projector focus knob; 13-an object stage; and 14, fixing the plate.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the following detailed description is provided for the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-4, a 3D printing system includes a processor portion, a projection portion, and an adjustment portion;
the processor part is internally provided with slicing software Cura, a projection control program and a space movement control program and is used for controlling the printing work of the projection part, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: receiving and preprocessing the written picture; calculating the distance from the lens to the lower surface of the resin tank and the focal length of the lens to be adjusted; calculating the position offset generated after the picture is amplified; controlling and adjusting the distance from a projector lens to the lower surface of the resin tank and the focal length of the lens, starting the projector and completing a picture printing task; the projection part comprises a digital light processing projector 1 (hereinafter referred to as a projector), a resin groove (not shown in figures 1-4), a carrying plate 9, a transmission belt 10, a fourth motor 11 and a fixing plate 14;
the fourth motor is fixed on the fixing plate, is fixed on the object carrying plate together with the projector, and is connected with the focusing knob 12 of the fourth motor and the projector through the transmission belt so as to adjust the focal length of the projector, and the height of the fixing plate is the same as the height difference between the projector and the motor so as to solve the problem of the height difference between the motor and the projector.
The resin groove is positioned above the projector, and a projection plane projected by the digital light processing projector penetrates through the lower surface of the resin groove above the projection plane and forms a clear projection on the lower surface of the resin groove.
The adjusting part comprises a first motor 2, a second motor 4, a third motor 5, an x-axis screw rod 7, a y-axis screw rod 6, a z-axis screw rod 3, an objective table 13 and an objective table bearing shaft 8;
the first motor, the second motor and the third motor are all stepping motors matched with the screw rod, the screw rods of the x axis, the y axis and the z axis are all Qimei CBX1204, the carrying plate is fixed on a first slide block of the screw rod of the y axis, the projector and the fixing plate are fixed on the carrying plate, the projector and the fourth motor can move in the y axis direction along with the movement of the first slide block, the screw rod of the y axis is fixed on a second slide block of the screw rod of the x axis, the projector and the fourth motor can move in the x axis direction along with the movement of the second slide block, and further a structure which enables the projector to move at will in the same horizontal plane is formed, and the second motor and the third motor are cooperatively controlled. The X-axis screw rod is fixed above the objective table, the objective table bearing shaft is fixed below the objective table and connected with the Z-axis screw rod, and the projector is controlled to move in the Z direction through the first motor. The screw rod is adopted to carry out space positioning quite accurately, and the precision of 0.675 micron can be achieved. Of course, the x, y and z-axis rails may be replaced by conveyor belts, and the projector may be fixed on the y-axis conveyor belt, the y-axis rail fixed on the x-axis conveyor belt, and the stage bearing shaft fixed on the z-axis conveyor belt.
The method for printing the picture by using the 3D printing system comprises the following steps:
reading in the model picture to be printed through slicing software to finish the slicing step;
amplifying the sliced image to make the size of the sliced image approximate to the maximum size capable of being projected by a projector, and inputting the image into a projection module for projection;
the space movement control program calculates the offset between the position of the amplified image and the original position of the image, and transmits the required correction parameters to a chip for controlling a motor;
and the projection control program calculates the distance between the lens and the lower surface of the resin tank required by the image zooming and the required adjustment of the focal length according to the zooming proportion, and transmits the parameters to a chip for controlling a motor to prepare for finishing the projection work. The distance from the initial lens to the lower surface of the resin tank is K, the initial projection area is S, the ratio K/S of the initial lens distance to the initial projection area is a constant value, and after the picture size is corrected according to the size of the printed content, the picture area is changed to S ', namely the distance from the lens to the lower surface of the resin tank needs to be adjusted to be K/S '/G, so that the distance K '/S from the new lens to the lower surface of the resin tank is K '/S '.
When the projection work starts, a control program in the chip firstly controls a first motor to work and adjusts the distance between the projector and the lower surface of the resin tank; the fourth motor is controlled to drive the focusing knob of the projector, the focal length of the projector is adjusted, the size of the projected image is guaranteed to be the same as the original size of the image, and the projected image can be clearly projected to the lower surface of the resin groove. Meanwhile, the program drives the second motor and the third motor to work, and the position of the projector on the horizontal plane is adjusted, so that the position of the projected image is the same as that before the image is amplified. After the four motors work, the projector projects images to the lower surface of the resin tank to solidify the resin, and printing of one layer of slices is completed. And repeating the process until the product is printed. The slicing, projection and moving programs in the process are corresponding matched programs.
For a DPL printer with a typical precision, it is assumed that the physical resolution of the projection module is 1080 × 1280 and the size of the projection picture is 500 × 500. Then, the resolution of the projected picture is 500 × 500 in the normal case. For this embodiment, after the pre-processing of the picture, the size of the projected picture should be 1000 × 1000, the resolution of the projected picture is 1000 × 1000, and after the physical adjustment of the adjustment portion, the actual size of the picture is reduced to 500 × 500, the inside of the picture still contains 1000 × 1000 pixels, which is 4 times of that in the normal condition, and the detail portions are much clearer than those in the projected picture in the normal condition. The smaller the original size of the picture, the more obvious the improvement. For example, a picture with a size of 250 x 250, in the case of the present invention, the projected picture contains 16 times as many pixels as the normal picture.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A 3D printing method, comprising the steps of:
writing a picture to be printed;
picture preprocessing: amplifying the picture to be close to the size of the projection area of the projector in proportion, and increasing the number of pixel points in the picture during projection;
calculating the distance from the lens of the projector to the lower surface of the resin tank and the focal length of the lens to be adjusted so as to restore the image projected to the lower surface of the resin tank to the original size;
calculating and correcting the position offset generated after the picture is amplified;
and adjusting the distance from the lens of the projector to the lower surface of the resin tank and the focal length of the lens according to the calculation result, starting the projector and finishing the picture printing task.
2. A 3D printing system comprising a processor portion, a projection portion;
the processor part is used for controlling the printing work of the projection part and specifically comprises the following steps: receiving and preprocessing the written picture; calculating the distance from the lens to the lower surface of the resin tank and the focal length of the lens to be adjusted; calculating the position offset generated after the picture is amplified; controlling and adjusting the distance from a projector lens to the lower surface of the resin tank and the focal length of the lens, starting the projector and completing a picture printing task;
the projection part comprises a digital light processing projector and a resin tank and is used for 3D printing pictures under the control of the processor part;
the resin groove is positioned above the projector, and a projection plane projected by the projector penetrates through the lower surface of the resin groove to form clear projection on the lower surface of the resin groove;
and the step of preprocessing the written picture comprises the steps of modifying the size of the picture and increasing the number of pixel points in the picture during projection.
3. The 3D printing system of claim 2, further comprising an adjustment portion comprising a first motor, a second motor, a third motor, an x-axis lead screw, a y-axis lead screw, a z-axis lead screw, a stage, and a stage load shaft;
the projection part also comprises a transmission belt and a fourth motor;
the fourth motor is relatively fixed with the projector, the fourth motor is connected with a focusing knob of the projector through a transmission belt, the transmission belt is driven by the fourth motor during working, the focal length of the projector is further adjusted, and clear images are controlled to fall on the lower surface of the resin tank.
4. The 3D printing system of claim 3, wherein the projection part further comprises a fixing plate, the fourth motor is mounted on the fixing plate, the fixing plate is fixed relative to the projector, and the height of the fixing plate is the same as the height difference between the projector and the motor.
5. The 3D printing system of claim 3, wherein the projection portion further comprises a carrier plate, the projector and the fixation plate both being fixed to the carrier plate.
6. The 3D printing system of claim 3, wherein the stage moves up and down along a z-axis track; the x-axis track is fixed on the objective table and moves along the y-axis track; the y-axis track is fixed on the x-axis track and moves along the x-axis; and the three-dimensional space positioning of the projector is completed through the movement among the tracks in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction.
7. The 3D printing system of claim 6, wherein the x, y, z axis tracks are helical screws and are mated with respective stepper motors; the objective table is fixed on a third slide block of the z-axis screw rod, the projector is fixed on a first slide block of the y-axis screw rod, the y-axis screw rod is fixed on a second slide block of the x-axis screw rod, and the x-axis screw rod is fixed above the objective table.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910428429.3A CN110216871B (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2019-05-22 | 3D printing method and printing system |
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| CN201910428429.3A CN110216871B (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2019-05-22 | 3D printing method and printing system |
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| IT201900021453A1 (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2021-05-18 | Sisma Spa | Irradiation system for three-dimensional printing machines |
| CN113977949B (en) * | 2021-11-01 | 2024-06-04 | 深圳市纵维立方科技有限公司 | 3D printer and control method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20230504 Address after: Room 405, Building 22, Shunlian Machinery City, Chencun Town, Shunde District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528000 Patentee after: Bumint (Foshan) Photoelectric Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 510640 No. five, 381 mountain road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Tianhe District Patentee before: SOUTH CHINA University OF TECHNOLOGY Patentee before: Bumint (Foshan) Photoelectric Technology Co.,Ltd. |