CN110212917A - A kind of atomic clock digital modulation circuit - Google Patents
A kind of atomic clock digital modulation circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN110212917A CN110212917A CN201910451471.7A CN201910451471A CN110212917A CN 110212917 A CN110212917 A CN 110212917A CN 201910451471 A CN201910451471 A CN 201910451471A CN 110212917 A CN110212917 A CN 110212917A
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03L—AUTOMATIC CONTROL, STARTING, SYNCHRONISATION OR STABILISATION OF GENERATORS OF ELECTRONIC OSCILLATIONS OR PULSES
- H03L7/00—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation
- H03L7/26—Automatic control of frequency or phase; Synchronisation using energy levels of molecules, atoms, or subatomic particles as a frequency reference
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of atomic clock digital modulation circuits, including crystal oscillator, single-chip microcontroller, d type flip flop, Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers, XOR gate, crystal filter, triode selective frequency amplifier circuit；The crystal oscillator of 10MHz generates 5MHz signal after d type flip flop two divided-frequency all the way, another way generates 312.5KHz modulated signal through Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers, above-mentioned two signal is subjected to sum of fundamental frequencies through XOR gate and generates 5.3125MHz modulated signal, then this modulated signal is obtained into high " mantissa " of power stability, the purity of frequency spectrum by crystal filter, triode selective frequency amplifier circuit.Circuit structure of the present invention is succinct, feature is that Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers clock circuit is not required to additional designs frequency multiplier circuit, and 5.3125MHz signal spectrum purity is high, modulation depth, centre frequency is accurately adjustable, it is strong with rubidium absorption bubble suitability, it may be directly applied in high-performance Rb atom frequency marking circuit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to frequency-shift keying circuit fields, are more particularly to a kind of atomic clock digital modulation circuit, can directly use
In spaceborne Rb atom frequency marking and high-performance commercialization Rb atom frequency marking.
Technical background
The reasons such as Rb atom frequency marking is small in size with its, low in energy consumption, stability is good are used widely, and satellite is especially used for
The fields such as location navigation.It is mainly made of physical system and circuit two parts.The former provides a ginseng as a frequency discriminator
Frequency is examined, the latter is equivalent to a frequency locked loop the output frequency of Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator is locked in physical system
Reference frequency on.Circuit part is mainly made of radio frequency frequency multiplier, frequency synthesizer, modulator and servo circuit.
In traditional Rb atom frequency marking in more mature microwave excitation Design of Signal scheme, standard voltage controlled crystal oscillator 10MHz is defeated
90MHz modulated signal is obtained after the modulated device of frequency, radio frequency frequency multiplier out, the 5.3125MHz mantissa generated with frequency synthesizer
The microwave cavity that frequency signal is input to quantized system simultaneously carries out step frequency multiplication and mixing obtains the micro- of excitation rubidium atomic transition
Frequency signal (6834MHz).In microwave cavity, 90MHz modulated signal realizes 76 high orders by step-recovery diode
Step frequency multiplication and and 5.3125MHz mantissa frequency signal completion down coversion mixing.Thus it is clear that 90MHz modulated signal and
The phase noise and the purity of frequency spectrum of 5.3125MHz directly determines the stability of the microwave frequency signal of excitation rubidium atomic transition,
To influence the performance of frequency marking complete machine.But modulation can unavoidably be introduced to the modulation link of voltage controlled crystal oscillator 10MHz in modulator
Noise, the amplification through rear class radio frequency frequency multiplier ultimately cause the deterioration of 90MHz modulating signal phase noise.In addition, modulator,
Radio frequency frequency multiplier builds transfiguration tuning, selective frequency amplifier circuit using elements such as transistors, and circuit uses modeling scheme, by deviding device
Part production, debugging is complicated, and the parameter regulations such as modulation line width are discontinuous, influence vulnerable to factors such as temperature changes.
In order to improve 90MHz modulating signal phase noise, promote the purity of frequency spectrum, such DIGITAL FREQUENCY modulation electricity has been invented
Road.This circuit has carried out frequency modulation(PFM) to 5.3125MHz mantissa frequency signal and double-smoothing purifies, and satisfies the use demand simultaneously
Eliminate 10MHz modulation circuit.Meanwhile 5.3125MHz modulated signal is by 5MHz simple signal and 312.5KHz modulated signal
Sum of fundamental frequencies obtains, and 312.5KHz modulated signal is compiled by standard voltage controlled crystal oscillator 10MHz signal by Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers (DDS)
Journey directly obtains.
In the present invention, if 5.3125MHz modulated signal is directly generated by Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers (DDS), according to
Nyquist theorem, then the input clock frequency of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers (DDS) is at least 25MHz or more, for standard
Voltage controlled crystal oscillator 10MHz signal must then increase the design of frequency multiplier circuit, lead to circuit complicated, and can introduce additional electrical road noise
Sound.This circuit compared with the existing technology has the following advantages that and effect: circuit unit debugging is easy, and parameter easily optimizes, big
Gas, spaceborne environment can be used using in Rb atom frequency marking.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to provide a kind of atomic clock digital modulation circuit, the rubidiums of modulation parameter PLC technology
Atomic frequency standard digital modulation circuit, the sum of fundamental frequencies generating mode including the 5.3125MHz signal as " mantissa ", Direct Digital frequency
The input clock of rate synthesizer purifies mode without frequency multiplication mode, crystal filter and triode frequency-selecting amplification double-smoothing.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention uses following technical measures:
A kind of atomic clock digital modulation circuit, including crystal oscillator further include d type flip flop, direct digital synthesis technique
Device, single-chip microcontroller, XOR gate, crystal filter and triode selective frequency amplifier circuit,
Crystal oscillator exports input end of clock CLK, the data input pin D of d type flip flop of the 10MHz signal to d type flip flop
It is connected with data inverse output terminal QN,
Crystal oscillator export 10MHz signal to Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers clock end FREF,
Crystal oscillator export 10MHz signal to single-chip microcontroller clock end FCLK,
Single-chip microcontroller exports modulated square wave signal to Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers,
The data output end Q of d type flip flop and the output end of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers respectively with the input terminal of XOR gate
Connection,
The output end of XOR gate is connect with crystal filter,
The output end of crystal filter is connect with the input terminal of triode selective frequency amplifier circuit.
The output end output center frequency of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers as described above is 312.5KHz, and modulation line width is
150Hz, modulation rate are the signal of 136Hz.
The centre frequency of crystal filter as described above is 5.3125MHz, passband 25KHz.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the following advantages that and effect:
1, cancel 10MHz transfiguration resonant tank, be changed to 5.3125MHz mantissa digital modulation mode.In this way,
The additional modulation noise that 10MHz transfiguration resonant tank generates in frequency modulation(PFM) link can remove, and greatly reduce 90MHz radio frequency
Circuit unit phase noise.
2, directly acquired due to 5.3125MHz modulated signal not by Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers, do not need for
The clock unit circuit of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers increases multiplier unit, simplifies circuit design, and without additional electrical road noise
Sound.
3, due to using 5.3125MHz mantissa digital modulation mode, the ginsengs such as centre frequency, modulation rate, modulation line width
Number can be realized by the frequency hopping rate and frequency control word of modification of program Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers, thus in microwave cavity under
The mixing point and modulation line width of frequency conversion accurately control, and complete machine accuracy, Stability index can pass through software programming tune
Whole and optimization.
4, in existing scheme, the microwave frequency signal of rubidium atomic transition is motivated to realize by analog circuit, microwave frequency letter
Number center frequency points and frequency sweep line width cannot achieve digitlization step-by-step adjustment, and absorption bubble must have bubble frequency in processing stringent
Control, once runaway will be unable to using.Using 5.3125MHz mantissa digital modulation mode, bubble frequency is beyond control model
It, can be by motivating the microwave frequency signal parameter of rubidium atomic transition to reach good fit in software adjustment circuit after enclosing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of block diagram of atomic clock digital modulation circuit.
Wherein: 1- crystal oscillator；2- single-chip microcontroller；3-D trigger；4- Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers；5- XOR gate；6-
Crystal filter；7- triode selective frequency amplifier circuit.
Specific embodiment
For the ease of those of ordinary skill in the art understand and implement the present invention, below with reference to embodiment to the present invention make into
The detailed description of one step, it should be understood that implementation example described herein is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not used to limit
The fixed present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the 10MHz signal of Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator 1 is separately input to single-chip microcontroller 2, d type flip flop 3, directly number
In word frequency synthesizer 4, the 10MHz signal of preferred Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator 1 is shaped, is separately input to monolithic again after isolation
Machine 2, d type flip flop 3, in Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 4, in the present embodiment, the model Atmel company of single-chip microcontroller 2
ATmega8, the model 74HC74 of d type flip flop 3 are two-way D type rising edge flip-flops, the type of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 4
Number be ADI company AD9832, the model 74HC86 of XOR gate 5, d type flip flop 3 include data input pin D, input end of clock
CLK, data output end Q and data inverse output terminal QN.
The 10MHz signal of Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator 1 is input to the input end of clock CLK of d type flip flop 3, the number of d type flip flop 3
It is connected according to input terminal D with data inverse output terminal QN, the data output end Q of d type flip flop 3 exports 5MHz TTL signal.
The 10MHz signal of Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator 1 is input to the clock end clock input pin XIN of single-chip microcontroller 2 as clock
Source is interrupted by software timer, and single-chip microcontroller 2 exports modulated square wave signal into Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 4, single-chip microcontroller 2
Maximum clock frequency be 10MHz, its risc architecture uses single command cycle, and 10MHz clock passes through as its working frequency
The programming of internal 16 bit timing devices, the timer interrupt interval of output can satisfy design requirement of the invention.
The 10MHz signal of Voltage Controlled Crystal Oscillator 1 is input to the clock end FREF of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 4, passes through
Single-chip microcontroller 2 is FREF × N/ to 4 programming Control of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers, the output frequency of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 4
232, in the present embodiment, FREF 10MHz,
The initial frequency FOUT1 of the output frequency of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 4 is 312.350KHz, and N1 is initial frequency
The corresponding output frequency control word of FOUT1；The cutoff frequency FOUT2 of the output frequency of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 4 is
312.650KHz, N2 are the corresponding output frequency control word of cutoff frequency FOUT2.Initial frequency FOUT1 and cutoff frequency FOUT2
Frequency-hopping mode constitutes 312.5KHz ± 150Hz modulated signal, the hop rate of initial frequency FOUT1 and cutoff frequency FOUT2 by
The modulated square wave signal deciding that single-chip microcontroller 2 exports, modulated square wave signal triggering Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 4 carry out frequency and cut
It changes.
Meanwhile when FREF can be calculated is 10MHz, the minimum frequency of the output frequency of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 4
Rate stepping-in amount is 2.33E-3Hz, and it is 2.33E-10Hz that the accuracy relative to 10MHz, which adjusts minimum step amount, if choosing higher
The Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers of resolution ratio, then it is further to adjust the meeting of minimum step amount for output frequency minimum step amount and accuracy
It reduces.
This digital modulation circuit carries out software control to Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 4 to realize using single-chip microcontroller 2.Monolithic
Machine 2 is responsible for carrying out Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 4 square wave of register setting and output for 2FSK modulation and synchronous detection
Signal.Single-chip microcontroller is communicated by SPI mode with Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 4 (AD9832), it is written initialization life
Order and frequency control word.The method of realization is that single-chip microcontroller 2 is first by rewriting Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 4 (AD9832)
The value of register b0h sets AD9832 to frequency modulation(PFM) " FM mode ", then by 8 internal 8 fraction registers 20h,
22h, 31h, 33h and for 24 hours, 26h, 35h, 37h be set to two frequencies of 312.5KHz-150Hz and 312.5KHz+150Hz
Value FOUT1 and FOUT2, in the design, centre frequency is that 312.5KHz=(FOUT1+FOUT2)/2,150Hz is equal to modulation deeply
Degree.Meanwhile single-chip microcontroller 2 exports the 136Hz square-wave signal of two-way same frequency, opposite in phase as detection square-wave signal, detection side
Wave signal is input to servo circuit, and for synchronizing phase sensitive detection servo module, single-chip microcontroller 2 also exports third road 136Hz square wave letter
It number is input in Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 4 as modulated square wave signal, is used for FM mode lower frequency FOUT1 (312.5KHz-
150Hz) controlled with the switching rate of FOUT2 (312.5KHz+150Hz).
For the above-mentioned function of realization, the program completed in single chip computer AT mega8 is needed, specifically: (1) single-chip microcontroller initial
Change, port setting；(2) SPI communication setting；(3) timer interruption is arranged；(4) AD9832 register is arranged；(5) main program knot
Beam.
Wherein, in the setting of AD9832 register, each function register and frequency are controlled according to the timing diagram of AD9832
Register successively carries out write operation, to realize the modulation to 312.5KHz signal.The timing that square-wave modulation signal passes through single-chip microcontroller
Device, which interrupts, to be generated, and is exported by single-chip microcontroller respective pins, and two-way synchronizes detection, and AD9832 frequency in the fm mode is triggered on third road
Rate F0 (312.5KHz-150Hz) and F1 (312.5KHz+150Hz) switching rate, output frequency is just according to modulated square wave signal
Frequency jumped between frequency F0 (312.5KHz-150Hz) and F1 (312.5KHz+150Hz), can be realized to 312.5KHz
The FSK keying modulated by frequency shift (2FSK mode) of signal.In this single-chip microcontroller 2 using C language program, ATmega8 single-chip microcontroller and
AD9832 product data sheet can be easier to realize.
Closed loop lock can be realized in the Rb atom frequency marking made of the digital modulation circuit of the invention after simply debugging
It is fixed.Its standard output Frequency Index of preliminary test, it is short surely to reach 2E-12/ √ τ (1s~1000s), reach high-performance rubidium atom frequency
Mark is horizontal.
312.5KHz ± 150Hz that the 5MHz TTL signal and Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers 4 that d type flip flop 3 exports generate
Modulated signal is respectively connected to two input terminals of XOR gate 5, exports 5.3125MHz modulated signal by the output end of XOR gate 5,
The level of two input terminals input of XOR gate is different, then the output end output of XOR gate 5 is high level 1；If two input terminals
The level of input is identical, then the output end output of XOR gate 5 is low level 0, the 5.3125MHz modulated signal that XOR gate 5 exports
Spectrum component in have the comb spectrum ingredient of 312.5KHz multiple harmonic, it is necessary to could be used after being filtered out, therefore XOR gate 5
The 5.3125MHz modulated signal access 5.3125MHz crystal filter 6 of output carries out frequency-selecting harmonic wave, and crystal filter 6 has Q
The advantages that value is high, and band passband is narrow, it is 5.3125MHz that a centre frequency has been selected in the present invention.Passband is the crystalline substance of 25KHz
Fluid filter meets the design requirement that modulation line width in the present invention is 500Hz range.The 5.3125MHz that crystal filter 6 exports
Power is -12dBm or so, is unsatisfactory for the mixing requirement of 0dBm, therefore three that triode is built are added in the rear class of crystal filter 6
(triode selective frequency amplifier circuit 7 belongs to general technology to pole pipe selective frequency amplifier circuit 7, since processing frequency is 5MHz or so, commonly
Model triode can all meet requirement, build frequency-selective network, preferably output frequency using transistor collector, improve output
Power and the humorous clutter of inhibition), not only output power can be made up to standard, but also can pass through again to 5.3125MHz signal frequency-selective filtering
Double-smoothing improves the purity of frequency spectrum of 5.3125MHz modulated signal.
It should be pointed out that specific embodiment described in the present invention only illustrate the spirit of the present invention by way of example.This
The technical staff of technical field that the present invention belongs to can make various modifications or additions to described specific embodiment or adopt
It is substituted with similar mode, however, it does not deviate from the spirit of the invention or beyond the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of atomic clock digital modulation circuit, including crystal oscillator (1), which is characterized in that further include d type flip flop (3), straight
Digital frequency synthesizer (4), single-chip microcontroller (2), XOR gate (5), crystal filter (6) and triode selective frequency amplifier circuit (7) are connect,
Crystal oscillator (1) exports 10MHz signal to the input end of clock CLK of d type flip flop (3), and the data of d type flip flop (3) are defeated
Enter to hold D to connect with data inverse output terminal QN,
Crystal oscillator (1) export 10MHz signal to Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers (4) clock end FREF,
Crystal oscillator (1) export 10MHz signal to single-chip microcontroller (2) clock end FCLK,
Single-chip microcontroller (2) exports modulated square wave signal to Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers (4),
The data output end Q of d type flip flop (3) and the output end of Direct Digital Frequency Synthesizers (4) are defeated with XOR gate (5) respectively
Enter end connection,
The output end of XOR gate (5) is connect with crystal filter (6),
The output end of crystal filter (6) is connect with the input terminal of triode selective frequency amplifier circuit (7).
2. a kind of atomic clock digital modulation circuit according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the Direct Digital frequency
The output end output center frequency of synthesizer (4) is 312.5KHz, and modulation line width is 150Hz, and modulation rate is the letter of 136 Hz
Number.
3. a kind of atomic clock digital modulation circuit according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the crystal filter
(6) centre frequency is 5.3125MHz, passband 25KHz.
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| CN201910451471.7A CN110212917A (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | A kind of atomic clock digital modulation circuit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910451471.7A CN110212917A (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2019-05-28 | A kind of atomic clock digital modulation circuit |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105827240A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-08-03 | 成都天奥电子股份有限公司 | Low-phase-noise 6.8GHz frequency source applied to rubidium atomic clock |
| CN105978563A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-09-28 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Digital phase-locked modulation frequency multiplier for rubidium atomic frequency standard |
| CN106506003A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-03-15 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | A kind of microwave signal synthesizer |
-
2019
- 2019-05-28 CN CN201910451471.7A patent/CN110212917A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105827240A (en) * | 2016-03-14 | 2016-08-03 | 成都天奥电子股份有限公司 | Low-phase-noise 6.8GHz frequency source applied to rubidium atomic clock |
| CN105978563A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-09-28 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Digital phase-locked modulation frequency multiplier for rubidium atomic frequency standard |
| CN106506003A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-03-15 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | A kind of microwave signal synthesizer |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 黄争等: "一种铷原子频标频率综合器新方案的设计与实现", 《波谱学杂志》 * |
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