CN110210122B - Boundary coloring width defining method of color slice layer - Google Patents
Boundary coloring width defining method of color slice layer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a boundary coloring width defining method of a color slice layer, which selects STL format files of a color 3D digital model and a slicing layering algorithm, and calculates a boundary inclination angle required by initial boundary coloring width modeling and a minimum printing precision weighting relation of an exposed surface coloring width through triangular patch normal vectors and construction vectors marked by the contour slice layer after slicing layering. The method provides specific implementation steps such as a boundary inclination angle calculation method between adjacent slice layers, a boundary coloring width modeling method, a 3D printing entity color reproduction effect evaluation method and the like. The boundary coloring width definition method of the color slice layer can be used for calibrating the boundary coloring thickness value setting of the color slice layer in the current slicing layering algorithm, and can also be used for improving the color reproduction precision and coloring energy consumption optimization of the conventional domestic color 3D printing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of 3D printing, relates to a full-color 3D printing process, and particularly relates to a boundary coloring width defining method of a color slicing layer.
Background
The 3D printing technology is widely used in the traditional manufacturing fields of aerospace, biomedical, automobile manufacturing and the like because of the digital manufacturing function. Along with the development of a color 3D printing process and the appearance of a corresponding system, the high-precision color reproduction function of the 3D printing technology promotes the rapid industrialization of the 3D model printing field requiring color customization, such as cultural creative, industrial design, geographic topography information visualization and the like. The success of the color 3D printing technology is not separated from the support of color 3D model layering software, and particularly, the development of a color slice layering algorithm with high precision and high efficiency and the color 3D printing test are realized.
Currently, the color slicing layering algorithm is mainly an internationally universal AMF open-source algorithm, a boundary coloring thickness fixed value is adopted in an algorithm framework when the color contour thickness is set, and the value can ensure that a better boundary color reproduction effect is printed after color model slicing layering, but is not optimal, and is usually estimated by an algorithm developer or a recommended value embedded in layering software of a 3D printing system. There are also developed efficient color slice layering algorithms for STL, OBJ, VRML color 3D models in China, and implement color thickness (width) value setup codes per layering, but also set a safe boundary color thickness (width) value. Although it is not difficult to implement color slice layer coloring profile thickness modification in a layered software setting, there is still a lack of a boundary coloring width definition method that is easy for an average user to understand.
Furthermore, the boundary coloring thickness (width) that is too safe limits further improvement of color reproduction accuracy and printing speed of current color 3D printers. The need for more color ink or color adhesive due to the excessively thick or wide border coloring profile also results in increased printing costs and power consumption. Color 3D printing accuracy control of the current domestic color 3D printing equipment also encounters a color reproduction accuracy bottleneck, wherein one of the great reasons is that the boundary coloring thickness (width) set value after layering of color slices cannot be well matched with the coloring characteristics of the matched printing materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and provides a boundary coloring width definition method of a color slice layer, which solves the problems of excessive boundary coloring and color reproduction precision control in 3D printing and the problems of manufacturing cost and energy consumption optimization of the current full-color 3D printing based on boundary characteristics formed when an ASCII (integrated circuit design rule) format STL file is used for slicing and layering a color 3D model to calculate the color development width of an exposed surface and combines an adjustable coloring precision weight and a standard evaluation method to optimize the boundary coloring width definition value of the color slice layer.
A boundary coloring width defining method of a color slice layer selects STL format file of a color 3D digital model and a slicing layering algorithm for defining, and comprises the following specific steps:
1) Selecting a slicing layering strategy according to the layering software type;
2) Determining the slicing layering thickness h of the color 3D model according to the minimum precision requirement of the 3D printer and the characteristics of the used printing materials, performing geometric contour slicing layering to obtain a plurality of contour slicing layers, and recording the normal vector alpha and the corresponding construction vector beta of the boundary triangular patches of each contour slicing layer;
3) Determining a contact intersection point O between a target contour slice layer and an adjacent contour slice layer and corresponding upper boundary vertexes P and Q through the inherent topological relation of the STL format file, setting the OP length as a layering thickness h, and setting the OQ length as a color development width b of the contour slice layer relative to an exposure surface, wherein an inclination angle theta is formed by the intersection point of the OP and PQ connecting lines;
4) The normal vector of the boundary triangle patch of the target contour slice layer is alpha x Beta with corresponding construction vector x The normal vector alpha is obtained through vector operation x And build vector beta x The included angle of the object contour slice layer is sigma, and the corresponding inclined angle theta is calculated by combining the geometrical relation formed by the right triangle of the object contour slice layer layering boundary OPQ;
5) Converting the color development width b of the exposed surface of the bottom contour slice layer in the lamination direction through a right-angle trigonometric function relation between the target contour slice layer thickness h and the inclination angle theta, weighting the b by the minimum printing precision D of the 3D printing system to obtain a sum value, and defining the sum value as a calculation model of the color slice layering boundary coloring width L;
6) Setting boundary coloring width L of different weights n n Performing color slicing layering and printing, observing the effects of color 3D printing entity surface exposure and color reproduction, and obtaining a weight n corresponding to a sample with no exposure and good reproducibility 0 As boundary coloring width limit value L n0 。
Preferably, the STL format file is an STL file in ASCII format.
Preferably, the slicing layering strategy is one of four strategies, namely an upper-to-lower slicing method, a lower-to-upper slicing method, a positive tolerance slicing method and a negative tolerance slicing method.
Preferably, the minimum printing precision D achieved by the 3D printer is 0.025-0.150 mm.
Preferably, the normal vector alpha x And build vector beta x The vector operation formula of the included angle sigma of the formula is as follows:
preferably, the solution formula of the inclination angle θ is as follows;
preferably, the solution formula of the color development width b of the exposed surface is as follows:
b＝h*cotθ。
preferably, the border coloring width L n The solution formula of (2) is:
L n ＝b+n*d＝h*cotθ+n*d，
in the above formula, the weight n takes the value of an integer from 0 to 6.
Preferably, the 3D printing material characteristics refer to transparency and reflectivity of the printing material after molding.
Preferably, the method for observing the surface exposure and color reproduction effect of the color 3D printing entity comprises the following steps: the human eye and the 3D printed solid surface were observed at an observation angle of 30 ° to 75 ° under a standard light box equipped with CIE standard illuminators. The CIE standard illuminant selects D50, D55, D65.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the boundary coloring width defining method can realize accurate control and optimization of the boundary coloring width in a simple and low-cost mode, and also provides a standardized evaluation method of color 3D printing quality under different color slice layer boundary coloring thicknesses. The boundary coloring width definition method of the color slice layer can be used for calibrating the boundary coloring thickness value setting of the color slice layer in the current slicing layering algorithm, and can also be used for improving the color reproduction precision and coloring energy consumption optimization of the conventional domestic color 3D printing.
(1) The STL file-based adjacent slice interlayer boundary inclination angle calculation method provided by the invention has the specific beneficial effects compared with the prior art: the adoption of the ASCII STL file to calculate the inclination angle is convenient and simple, has high operation efficiency and does not consume memory, and meanwhile, the ASCII STL file can be directly embedded into the existing slicing layering process flow, so that the low-cost requirement of practical application is met.
(2) The boundary coloring width modeling method provided by the invention has the specific beneficial effects compared with the prior art: by adopting a minimum printing precision weighted summation operation model, the coloring control of the boundary color rendering width of the slice layer, which is completely covered, can be realized by a very concise method, and the color transition between two adjacent slice layers can be accurate, so that the problem of boundary color reproduction deviation caused by white exposure can be avoided; and meanwhile, the given weighted value range can reduce the boundary coloring time and the material consumption when ensuring the color reproduction quality.
(3) The color 3D printing entity surface exposure and color reproduction effect evaluation method adopting the coloring width limit value has the specific beneficial effects that: the method provides a compact and standardized evaluation method for color 3D printing entity surface color reproduction quality, and simultaneously can flexibly change the weighting value to meet the color 3D printing color reproduction quality improvement requirements of different domestic 3D printing devices and printing materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for defining a boundary coloring width of a color slice layer according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing geometrical relationships between adjacent contour slice interlayer boundaries OPQ right triangles and corresponding vectors in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made more apparent and fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.
Figures 1 and 2 show a schematic diagram of the boundary coloring width defining method of a color slice layer according to the present invention with respect to the geometric relationship between adjacent slices,
a boundary coloring width defining method of a color slice layer selects STL format file of a color 3D digital model and a slicing layering algorithm to define, calculates a minimum printing precision weighting relation of a boundary inclination angle and an exposed surface coloring width required by initial boundary coloring width modeling through a triangle patch normal vector marked by a contour slice layer after slicing layering and a construction vector, and the boundary coloring width defining method comprises the following specific steps:
1) Selecting a slicing layering strategy according to the layering software type;
when the color 3D model is sliced and layered, the slicing and layering strategy adopted by the 3D printing system is determined by adopting layering software or open source layering software of the 3D printing system;
preferably, the slicing layering strategy is one of four strategies, namely an upper-to-lower slicing method, a lower-to-upper slicing method, a positive tolerance slicing method and a negative tolerance slicing method.
2) Determining the slicing layering thickness h of the color 3D model according to the minimum precision requirement of the 3D printer and the characteristics of the used printing materials, performing geometric contour slicing layering to obtain a plurality of contour slicing layers, and recording the normal vector alpha and the corresponding construction vector beta of the boundary triangular patches of each contour slicing layer;
the printing material characteristics refer to transparency and reflectivity of the printing material after being molded. If the 3D printing material is transparent, the weighting value n is 0-3; if the 3D printing material is a reflective material, the weighting value n is an integer of 2-6.
3) Determining a contact intersection point O between a target contour slice layer and an adjacent contour slice layer and corresponding upper boundary vertexes P and Q through the inherent topological relation of the STL format file, setting the OP length as a layering thickness h, and setting the OQ length as a color development width b of the contour slice layer relative to an exposure surface, wherein an inclination angle theta is formed by the intersection point of the OP and PQ connecting lines;
the STL format file is an STL file in ASCII format.
4) The normal vector of the boundary triangle patch of the target contour slice layer is alpha x Beta with corresponding construction vector x The normal direction is obtained through vector operationQuantity alpha x And build vector beta x The included angle of the object contour slice layer is sigma, and the corresponding inclined angle theta is calculated by combining the geometrical relation formed by the right triangle of the object contour slice layer layering boundary OPQ;
the normal vector alpha x And build vector beta x The vector operation formula of the included angle sigma of the formula is as follows:
the solving formula of the inclination angle theta is as follows;
5) Converting the color development width b of the exposed surface of the bottom contour slice layer in the lamination direction through a right-angle trigonometric function relation between the target contour slice layer thickness h and the inclination angle theta, weighting the b by the minimum printing precision D which can be realized by the 3D printing system to obtain a sum value, and defining the sum value as a calculation model of the color slice layering boundary coloring width L;
the solution formula of the color development width b of the exposed surface is as follows:
b＝h*cotθ。
the minimum printing precision range realized by the 3D printer is 0.025-0.150 mm.
6) Setting boundary coloring width L of different weights n n Performing color slicing layering and printing, observing the effects of color 3D printing entity surface exposure and color reproduction, and obtaining a weight n corresponding to a sample with no exposure and good reproducibility 0 As boundary coloring width limit value L n0 。
The boundary coloring width L n The solution formula of (2) is:
L n ＝b+n*d＝h*cotθ+n*d，
in the above formula, the weight n takes the value of an integer from 0 to 6.
The method for observing the surface exposure and color reproduction effect of the color 3D printing entity comprises the following steps:
the human eye and the 3D printed solid surface were observed at an observation angle of 30 ° to 75 ° under a standard light box equipped with CIE standard illuminators.
The CIE standard illuminant selects D50, D55, D65.
Example 1
If the sliced layered color 3D model is a large-sized model with a side length of more than 20cm,
the high-precision requirement of the 3D printing layer means that the range of the high-precision printing of the layer realized by the 3D printer is preferably 0.100-0.150 mm;
if the 3D printing material is transparent, the weighting value n is preferably 3; if the 3D printing material is a reflective material, the weighting value n is preferably 6;
the observation of the exposure and color reproduction effect of the color 3D printing entity surface refers to the preferential observation angle of 30 degrees between the human eyes and the 3D printing entity surface under a standard lamp box provided with a CIE standard illuminating body; the CIE standard illuminant is preferably D65.
Example 2
If the sliced layered color 3D model is a medium-sized model with a side length of 5-20 cm,
the high-precision requirement of the 3D printing layer means that the range of the high-precision printing of the layer realized by the 3D printer is preferably 0.075-0.100 mm;
if the 3D printing material is transparent, the weighting value n is preferably 2; if the 3D printing material is a reflective material, the weighting value n is preferably 4;
the observation of the exposure and color reproduction effect of the color 3D printing entity surface refers to the optimal 45-degree observation angle between the human eye and the 3D printing entity surface under a standard lamp box provided with a CIE standard illuminating body; the CIE standard illuminant is preferably D65.
Example 3
If the sliced layered color 3D model is a small-sized model with a side length of less than 5cm,
the high-precision requirement of the 3D printing layer means that the range of the high-precision printing of the layer realized by the 3D printer is preferably 0.025-0.075 mm;
if the 3D printing material is transparent, the weighting value n is preferably 1; if the 3D printing material is a reflective material, the weighting value n is preferably 2;
the observation of the exposure and color reproduction effect of the color 3D printing entity surface refers to the preferential 60-degree observation angle between the human eye and the 3D printing entity surface under a standard lamp box provided with a CIE standard illuminating body; the CIE standard illuminant is preferably D65.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the embodiments, and any person skilled in the art can make any possible variations and modifications to the technical solution of the present invention by using the methods and technical matters disclosed above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, so any simple modifications, equivalent variations and modifications to the embodiments described above according to the technical matters of the present invention are within the scope of the technical matters of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The boundary coloring width defining method of color slice layer is characterized by selecting STL format file of color 3D digital model and slicing layering algorithm to define, and includes the following concrete steps:
1) Selecting a slicing layering strategy according to the layering software type;
when the color 3D model is sliced and layered, the slicing and layering strategy adopted is determined by adopting layering software or open source layering software of a 3D printing system;
2) Determining the slicing layering thickness h of the color 3D model according to the minimum precision requirement of the 3D printer and the characteristics of the used printing materials, performing geometric contour slicing layering to obtain a plurality of contour slicing layers, and recording the normal vector and the corresponding construction vector of the boundary triangular surface patch of each contour slicing layer;
3) Determining a contact intersection point O between a target profile slice layer and an adjacent profile slice layer and corresponding upper boundary vertexes P and Q through the inherent topological relation of the STL format file, setting the OP length as a target profile slice layer thickness h, and setting the OQ length as a development width b of the profile slice layer relative to an exposure surface, wherein an inclination angle theta is formed by the intersection point of the OP and a PQ connecting line;
4）the normal vector of the boundary triangle patch of the target contour slice layer is alpha x Beta with corresponding construction vector x The normal vector alpha is obtained through vector operation x And build vector beta x The included angle is sigma, and the corresponding inclination angle theta is calculated by combining the geometric relationship formed by the right triangle OPQ of the layering boundary of the target contour slice layer;
the normal vector alpha x And build vector beta x The vector operation formula of the included angle sigma of the formula is as follows:
；
the solving formula of the inclination angle theta is as follows;
；
5) Converting the color development width b of the exposed surface of the bottom contour slice layer in the lamination direction through a right-angle trigonometric function relation between the target contour slice layer thickness h and the inclination angle theta, weighting the b by the minimum printing precision D of the 3D printing system to obtain a sum value, and defining the sum value as a calculation model of the color slice layering boundary coloring width;
the solution formula of the color development width b of the exposed surface is as follows:
；
6) Setting boundary coloring width L of different weights n n Performing color slicing layering and printing, observing the effects of color 3D printing entity surface exposure and color reproduction, and obtaining a weight n corresponding to a sample with no exposure and good reproducibility 0 As boundary coloring width limit value L n0 ；
The boundary coloring width L n The solution formula of (2) is:
；
in the formula, the value of the weight n is an integer of 0-6;
the 3D printing material characteristics refer to transparency and reflectivity of the printing material after being molded; if the 3D printing material is transparent, the weight n is selected to be 0-3 as an integer; if the 3D printing material is a reflective material, the weight n is an integer of 2-6;
the method for observing the surface exposure and color reproduction effect of the color 3D printing entity comprises the following steps: and under a standard lamp box provided with CIE standard illuminators, the human eyes and the 3D printing entity surface are observed at an observation angle of 30-75 degrees, and the CIE standard illuminators are selected from D50, D55 and D65.
2. The method for defining a boundary coloring width of a color slice layer according to claim 1, wherein: the STL format file is an STL file in ASCII format.
3. The method for defining a boundary coloring width of a color slice layer according to claim 1, wherein: the slicing and layering strategy is one of four strategies, namely an upper-to-lower slicing method, a lower-to-upper slicing method, a positive tolerance slicing method and a negative tolerance slicing method.
4. The method for defining a boundary coloring width of a color slice layer according to claim 1, wherein: the minimum printing precision D of the 3D printer is 0.025-0.150 mm.
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