CN105183405A - 3D printing method for user-defined surface hollow model - Google Patents
3D printing method for user-defined surface hollow model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D printing method based on a user-defined surface hollow model. The method comprises the following steps: performing normalization and grid processing on the user-defined three-dimensional model, and calculating LFS values of all apexes of the three-dimensional model; initializing a seed point number of the three-dimensional model, arranging seed points on the three-dimensional model according to the distribution of the LFS values of all of the apexes of the three-dimensional model; calculating Voronoi division of the seed points in a three-dimensional space to be intersected with the three-dimensional model to obtain a restricted Voronoi diagram RVD set; calculating whether displacement quadratic sum of all of the seed points on the three-dimensional model is smaller than a preset threshold value or not, if yes, performing the next step, and if no, optimizing positions of the seed points on the three-dimensional model by adopting a Lloyd iteration method, and returning to the former step; generating a corresponding three-dimensional model file; inputting the generated three-dimensional model file into a 3D printer, and printing the user-defined three-dimensional model through the 3D printer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the geometric model customization field printed towards 3D, particularly relate to a kind of 3D Method of printing based on self-definition model surface hollow-out.
Background technology
In recent years, the development of 3D printing technique rapidly, along with the increase of 3D printing shaping material range of choices, the raising of formed precision and speed, the reduction of various kinds of equipment price, it has started to be widely used in the every field such as medical treatment, aviation, amusement and fashion, penetrates into the life of ordinary people even gradually.
It is a kind of emerging technology in rapid shaping field that 3D prints, and it is a kind of based on digital model file, utilize various can jointing material by the technology of successively stacked system structure three-dimensional model.3D prints has obvious advantage compared with traditional manufacture, 3D prints directly can manufacture almost arbitrary shape 3D solid based on digital model file, and unlike traditional Machining Technology by cut or technique or the mould etc. such as boring complete manufacture process.This technology not only can shorten the lead time of product thus boosts productivity and reduce costs, and also has significant advantage in material consumption, environmental protection etc.
The input model that 3D prints is generally from two aspects, and one is carry out for real world object the digital model that scan rebuilding obtains, and two is the models being created editor by deviser.The former needs the professional equipment that not domestic consumer is standing usually, and the latter needs the software for editing of the model creation using specialty usually, and the operation of these softwares is very complicated and learning cost is very high, neither domestic consumer can grasp.Therefore, for domestic consumer, in the urgent need to the three-dimensional model personalized customization instrument be simple and easy in a large number, help user by simple parameter or naturally interactive operation on a small quantity, the personalized customization design of three-dimensional model can be completed.The more laymans of attraction are printed the demand of satisfying personalized customization by this by 3D, thus expand customer group and the market scale of 3D printing technique.
In view of above reason, some model customizing instruments printed towards 3D be simple and easy to are there is at present, especially in Jewelry Design, but, these instruments or only provide very simple stylization to select, or require that user uses system intialization model, the model that user cannot specify for oneself carries out customization operations.In addition, the garment's style design for three-dimensional model requires varied, and current instrument is not nearly enough meets user's requirement.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the shortcoming of prior art, the invention provides a kind of 3D Method of printing based on self-definition model surface hollow-out.The method is by carrying out sampling to the closed three-dimensional model surface of input and optimizing, calculate the hollow out framed structure for master mould, the method user oriented provides an adjustable parameter, i.e. density, be used for controlling the fine degree of engraved structure, the level of abstraction of model, this process is automatic completely, and user can adjust this parameter, utilizes 3D printer to print oneself satisfied result in real time.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Based on a 3D Method of printing for self-definition model surface hollow-out, comprising:
Step (1): be normalized and gridding process self-defining three-dimensional model, calculates the LFS value on all summits of three-dimensional model;
Step (2): the Seed Points number of initialization three-dimensional model, according to the distribution of the LFS value on all summits of three-dimensional model, the Seed Points on layout three-dimensional model;
Step (3): calculate Seed Points Voronoi in three dimensions and divide, and ask friendship with three-dimensional model, obtains limited Voronoi and schemes RVD set;
Step (4): whether the displacement quadratic sum calculating all Seed Points on three-dimensional model is less than predetermined threshold value, if so, then enters next step; Otherwise the method for employing Lloyd iteration optimizes the seed point location on three-dimensional model, and returns step (3);
Step (5): the line segment in the RVD set after extraction step (4) process, with each end points of line segment for the centre of sphere, generates the spheroid of pre-set radius; With every bar line segment for axle, generate the right cylinder of pre-set radius, generate corresponding three-dimensional model file;
Step (6): the three-dimensional model file of generation is inputed in 3D printer, and prints self-defining three-dimensional model by 3D printer.
In described step (1), calculate the process of the LFS value on all summits of three-dimensional model, comprising:
Step (1.1): the axis calculating three-dimensional model; All summits of traversal three-dimensional model, calculate the distance of each summit to the axis of three-dimensional model, obtain the LFS value on each summit;
Step (1.2): the inverse getting the LFS value on each summit of three-dimensional model respectively, is normalized the LFS value on each summit of three-dimensional model.
According to the distribution of the LFS value on all summits of three-dimensional model in described step (2), the step of the Seed Points on layout three-dimensional model is as follows:
Step (2.1): initialization counter;
Step (2.2): at three-dimensional model surface stochastic generation point X
random;
Step (2.3): choose the random number in [0, a 1] scope, by this random number size and current point X
randomlFS value compare; If random number size is less than this LFS value, then receiving station X
random, counter adds 1, until Counter Value equals the Seed Points number on initialized three-dimensional model, the layout process of the Seed Points on three-dimensional model terminates; Otherwise, go to step (2.2).
The number of Seed Points and the linear mapping relations of density parameter of three-dimensional model in described step (2).
The process of described step (3), comprising:
Step (3.1): the Delaunay triangulation calculating Seed Points, generates middle vertical plane to any limit in Delaunay triangulation, and three dimensions is divided into some subspaces;
Step (3.2): the infinitepiston of subspace after division and the surface mesh of three-dimensional model are asked friendship, asks a limit of handing over the line segment obtained to be added to three-dimensional model at every turn; Finally, three-dimensional model surface is divided into several subspaces by Voronoi, forms RVD set.
In described step (3.2), the attribute flags handing over the line segment obtained is asked to be INTERSECT.
In described step (3.2), the infinitepiston of the subspace after division and the surface mesh of three-dimensional model are asked in the process of friendship and are adopted kdTree algorithm to accelerate.
Described step (4) adopts the method for Lloyd iteration to optimize the process of the seed point location on three-dimensional model, comprises
Step (4.1): the center of gravity calculating RVD region, each Seed Points place, and projected to three-dimensional model surface;
Step (4.2): when the displacement quadratic sum of all Seed Points on three-dimensional model is less than predetermined threshold value, optimizing process terminates; Otherwise, respectively Seed Points is moved to the centre of gravity place that corresponding steps (4.1) calculates.
Described step (5) also comprises: in RVD set after optimization, merge the adjacent line segment that any two angles are greater than default angle threshold value.
In described step (1), the file layout of three-dimensional model is half of data structure.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the method for the present invention is carried out sampling to arbitrary three-dimensional model surface and is optimized, and calculates the hollow out framed structure for master mould, and then obtains a geometric model that can be directly used in 3D and print;
(2) the method user oriented provides an adjustable parameter, i.e. density, be used for controlling the fine degree of engraved structure, the level of abstraction of model, by the number of initialization seed point, and then make user can adjust the density of three-dimensional model engraved structure, obtain oneself satisfied result in real time;
(3) model that this method obtains maintains the geometric configuration of input model, and adopts lighter framed structure, has certain artistic value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is method flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 represents the distribution situation of the local feature size LFS of M, and bright local representative value is little;
Fig. 3 represents the schematic diagram at a M internal initialization n Seed Points;
Fig. 4 represents the Initial R VD signal of M;
Fig. 5 represents result after Lloyd method is optimized;
Fig. 6 a) represents the abstract structure of final generation of 400 Seed Points;
Fig. 6 b) represent the abstract structure of the final generation of 600 Seed Points.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention will be further described:
First, utilize Fig. 1 to be described the 3D Method of printing based on self-definition model surface hollow-out of the present invention, Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the method for the present invention, and its step comprises:
Step (1): be normalized and gridding process self-defining three-dimensional model, calculates the LFS value on all summits of three-dimensional model;
Step (2): the Seed Points number of initialization three-dimensional model, according to the distribution of the LFS value on all summits of three-dimensional model, the Seed Points on M surface placement three-dimensional model;
Step (3): calculate Seed Points Voronoi in three dimensions and divide, and ask friendship with three-dimensional model, obtains limited Voronoi and schemes RVD set;
Step (4): whether the displacement quadratic sum calculating all Seed Points on three-dimensional model is less than predetermined threshold value, if so, then enters next step; Otherwise the method for employing Lloyd iteration optimizes the seed point location on three-dimensional model, and returns step (3);
Step (5): the line segment in the RVD set after extraction step (4) process, with each end points of line segment for the centre of sphere, generates the spheroid of pre-set radius; With every bar line segment for axle, generate the right cylinder of pre-set radius, generate corresponding three-dimensional model file;
Step (6): the three-dimensional model file of generation is inputed in 3D printer, and prints self-defining three-dimensional model by 3D printer.
Next, concrete elaboration is carried out for each step in the method for the present invention:
In the present embodiment, adopt M to represent the three-dimensional model that user inputs, p represents the parameter from user's density, and first that M is horizontal, vertical, ordinate all normalizes in [0,1] scope, and to M again gridding, optimizes M network.
Initialization seed point is { x
1, x
2..., x
n, by parameter p linear mapping: M surface can be divided into n part, if model total surface area is S, each area lower limit is base=0.005, be then expressed as by the linear mapping function of p to n:
n＝S·p/base
Preset frame structural unit (cylinder and ball) radius R: calculate bounding box, bounding box maximum span is L, then R=0.1%L.
When user inputs a three-dimensional model, adopt said method, the distribution situation of the inner LFS value of the three-dimensional model obtained, as shown in Figure 2, in the figure, brighter place represents that LFS value is less.
Wherein, being described as of local feature size LFS value: for manifold surface, any point x is called the local feature size of this point to the distance of the axis (medialaxis) of model M, and the center of circle set of axis to be all with given model surface be at least the tangential on circle of two points.
LFS reflection be the morphological feature of model, for more flat thinner, the sharp-pointed place of model, LFS value is less, also needs to distribute more to put to keep shape; On the contrary, feature is not obvious, and the thick part of model circle, LFS value is comparatively large, and the less point that distributes just can keep shape.
Wherein, according to the distribution of the LFS value on all summits of three-dimensional model in step (2), the step of the Seed Points on layout three-dimensional model is as follows:
Step (2.1) initialization counter;
Step (2.2): at model surface stochastic generation point X
random;
Step (2.3): produce the random number in [0, a 1] scope, by this random number size and current point X
randomdensity value compare; If random number size is less than this density value, then receiving station X
random, counter adds 1, until Counter Value equals the Seed Points number on initialized three-dimensional model, the layout process of the Seed Points on three-dimensional model terminates; Otherwise, go to step (2.2).
As shown in Figure 3, when this figure is the Seed Points number n=400 arranging three-dimensional model inside, these Seed Points are at the layout scenarios of three-dimensional model inside.Wherein, the number of Seed Points and the linear mapping relations of density parameter of three-dimensional model, that is, the number of Seed Points is more, and the density of three-dimensional model is larger; The number of Seed Points is fewer, and the density of three-dimensional model is less.
Step (3) calculates Seed Points Voronoi in three dimensions and divides, and asks friendship with three-dimensional model, obtains the process that limited Voronoi schemes RVD set, comprising:
Step (3.1): the Delaunay triangulation calculating Seed Points, generates middle vertical plane to any limit in Delaunay triangulation, and three dimensions is divided into some subspaces;
Step (3.2): the infinitepiston of subspace after division and the surface mesh of three-dimensional model are asked friendship, asks a limit of handing over the line segment obtained to be added to three-dimensional model at every turn; Finally, three-dimensional model surface is divided into several subspaces by Voronoi, forms RVD set, and RVD set is { c
1, c
2..., c
n, as shown in Figure 4.
The division of Voronoi to space meets following condition:
Ω
k＝{x∈X|d(x，P
k)≤d(x，P
j)forallj≠k}
Wherein, X represents given space; Any point in x representation space; P
k, P
jrepresent a kth Seed Points and a jth Seed Points respectively; D (x, P
k) represent x to P
kdistance; Ω
krepresent the kth sub spaces be divided out; K, j are positive integer.
In step (3.2), the attribute flags handing over the line segment obtained is asked to be INTERSECT.Due to when data store, three-dimensional model adopts half of data structure to store, and therefore, adopts INTERSECT attribute flags, be conducive to the topological structure finding out RVD.
In step (3.2), the infinitepiston of subspace after division and the surface mesh of three-dimensional model are asked in the computation process of friendship, utilize kdTree algorithm to accelerate the speed calculated.
Step (4) adopts the method for Lloyd iteration to optimize the process of the seed point location on three-dimensional model, comprises
Step (4.1): the center of gravity calculating RVD region, each Seed Points place, and projected to three-dimensional model surface;
Step (4.2): when whether the displacement quadratic sum of all Seed Points on three-dimensional model is less than predetermined threshold value, optimizing process terminates; Otherwise, respectively Seed Points is moved the centre of gravity place that (4.1) calculate.
Wherein, the RVD set after step (4) is optimized, as shown in Figure 5.
In the present embodiment, for arbitrary Seed Points x
i, center of gravity in the RVD region at its place
computing method be:
Wherein R
icertain Seed Points corresponding region part on M surface, i.e. its RVD unit, t
krepresent and form R
ia series of tri patchs, t
kinner ρ (x) value can be obtained by interpolation.Calculate
after, projected to its nearest point of three-dimensional model surface distance.
Calculate the displacement quadratic sum δ of all Seed Points:
When δ level off to 0 time, optimizing process terminates, otherwise use
replace x
i.
In step (5), due to Voronoi figure crossing with the surperficial tri patch of model M to the division in whole space after the line segment quantity that obtains large.In order to improve treatment effeciency, merge any two angles close to the adjacent line segment of 180 degree.Its concrete process is:
File layout due to three-dimensional model is half of data structure, can find a connected component along the limit that a certain bar attribute is INTERSECT.The limit in the three-dimensional model with INTERSECT attribute forms topological structure may a not only connected component, for the angle theta of any two adjacent limit tests between them
eif, θ
etwo line segments are merged into one by > θ (θ is the threshold value of setting).Also can arrange when two line segments are merged into one by cos θ > 0.992.
When Seed Points is set to 400, extract the surperficial wire frame in the RVD set after optimizing, with each end points of wire frame for the centre of sphere, generating a radius is the spheroid of R; With every bar line segment for axle, generating a radius is the right cylinder of R, exports corresponding three-dimensional model file, as Fig. 6 a) shown in.
When Seed Points is set to 600, extract the surperficial wire frame in the RVD set after optimizing, with each end points of wire frame for the centre of sphere, generating a radius is the spheroid of R; With every bar line segment for axle, generating a radius is the right cylinder of R, exports corresponding three-dimensional model file, as Fig. 6 b) shown in.
Wherein, R represents that it is the radius of ball and the bottom surface radius of cylinder, the size of systemic presupposition R in the size producing element figure (ball, cylinder).
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1., based on a 3D Method of printing for self-definition model surface hollow-out, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Step (1): be normalized and gridding process self-defining three-dimensional model, calculates the LFS value on all summits of three-dimensional model;
Step (2): the Seed Points number of initialization three-dimensional model, according to the distribution of the LFS value on all summits of three-dimensional model, the Seed Points on layout three-dimensional model;
Step (3): calculate Seed Points Voronoi in three dimensions and divide, and ask friendship with three-dimensional model, obtains limited Voronoi and schemes RVD set;
Step (4): whether the displacement quadratic sum calculating all Seed Points on three-dimensional model is less than predetermined threshold value, if so, then enters next step; Otherwise the method for employing Lloyd iteration optimizes the seed point location on three-dimensional model, and returns step (3);
Step (5): the line segment in the RVD set after extraction step (4) process, with each end points of line segment for the centre of sphere, generates the spheroid of pre-set radius; With every bar line segment for axle, generate the right cylinder of pre-set radius, generate corresponding three-dimensional model file;
Step (6): the three-dimensional model file of generation is inputed in 3D printer, and prints self-defining three-dimensional model by 3D printer.
2. a kind of 3D Method of printing based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (1), calculates the process of the LFS value on all summits of three-dimensional model, comprising:
Step (1.1): the axis calculating three-dimensional model; All summits of traversal three-dimensional model, calculate the distance of each summit to the axis of three-dimensional model, obtain the LFS value on each summit;
Step (1.2): the inverse getting the LFS value on each summit of three-dimensional model respectively, is normalized the LFS value on each summit of three-dimensional model.
3. a kind of 3D Method of printing based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, according to the distribution of the LFS value on all summits of three-dimensional model in described step (2), the step of the Seed Points on layout three-dimensional model is as follows:
Step (2.1): initialization counter;
Step (2.2): at three-dimensional model surface stochastic generation point X
random;
Step (2.3): choose the random number in [0, a 1] scope, by this random number size and current point X
randomlFS value compare; If random number size is less than this LFS value, then receiving station X
random, counter adds 1, until Counter Value equals the Seed Points number on initialized three-dimensional model, the layout process of the Seed Points on three-dimensional model terminates; Otherwise, go to step (2.2).
4. a kind of 3D Method of printing based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the number of Seed Points and the linear mapping relations of density parameter of three-dimensional model in described step (2).
5. a kind of 3D Method of printing based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the process of described step (3), comprising:
Step (3.1): the Delaunay triangulation calculating Seed Points, generates middle vertical plane to any limit in Delaunay triangulation, and three dimensions is divided into some subspaces;
Step (3.2): the infinitepiston of subspace after division and the surface mesh of three-dimensional model are asked friendship, asks a limit of handing over the line segment obtained to be added to three-dimensional model at every turn; Finally, three-dimensional model surface is divided into several subspaces by Voronoi, forms RVD set.
6. a kind of 3D Method of printing based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, in described step (3.2), asks the attribute flags handing over the line segment obtained to be INTERSECT.
7. a kind of 3D Method of printing based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, in described step (3.2), the infinitepiston of the subspace after division and the surface mesh of three-dimensional model are asked in the process of friendship and are adopted kdTree algorithm to accelerate.
8. a kind of 3D Method of printing based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described step (4) adopts the method for Lloyd iteration to optimize the process of the seed point location on three-dimensional model, comprises
Step (4.1): the center of gravity calculating RVD region, each Seed Points place, and projected to three-dimensional model surface;
Step (4.2): when the displacement quadratic sum of all Seed Points on three-dimensional model is less than predetermined threshold value, optimizing process terminates; Otherwise, respectively Seed Points is moved to the centre of gravity place that corresponding steps (4.1) calculates.
9. a kind of 3D Method of printing based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step (5) also comprises: in RVD set after optimization, merge the adjacent line segment that any two angles are greater than default angle threshold value.
10. a kind of 3D Method of printing based on self-definition model surface hollow-out as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step (1), the file layout of three-dimensional model is half of data structure.
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