CN110208674B - Directional coupling near-field probe and system for nonlinear radiation signal detection - Google Patents

Directional coupling near-field probe and system for nonlinear radiation signal detection Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110208674B
CN110208674B CN201910379932.4A CN201910379932A CN110208674B CN 110208674 B CN110208674 B CN 110208674B CN 201910379932 A CN201910379932 A CN 201910379932A CN 110208674 B CN110208674 B CN 110208674B
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coupling
nonlinear
miniature
probe
detection
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CN110208674A (en
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陈雄
马凯学
傅海鹏
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R1/00Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
    • G01R1/02General constructional details
    • G01R1/06Measuring leads; Measuring probes
    • G01R1/067Measuring probes
    • G01R1/06766Input circuits therefor
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R23/00Arrangements for measuring frequencies; Arrangements for analysing frequency spectra
    • G01R23/16Spectrum analysis; Fourier analysis
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R29/00Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
    • G01R29/08Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
    • G01R29/0864Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics characterised by constructional or functional features
    • G01R29/0878Sensors; antennas; probes; detectors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/28Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
    • G01R31/282Testing of electronic circuits specially adapted for particular applications not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/2822Testing of electronic circuits specially adapted for particular applications not provided for elsewhere of microwave or radiofrequency circuits

Abstract

The invention discloses a directional coupling near-field probe and a system for detecting nonlinear radiation signals, wherein the probe is provided with a miniature two-way coupler which has the characteristic of coupling in the near-field direction and can form at least one pair of coupling channels, the miniature two-way coupler is provided with a reference miniature coupling arm forming an open transmission line structure and a coupling arm reference ground plane connected with the miniature coupling arm, electromagnetic signals in the environment are coupled and picked up through the open transmission line structure, and nonlinear forward and reverse signal amplitude and phase taking the axial direction of the pair of miniature coupling channels as reference can be directly obtained after the electromagnetic signals are connected into a rear-end processing module through a bidirectional coaxial output port at the front end of the miniature two-way coupler. The invention can directly guide the positioning of the nonlinear defect through the nonlinear source direction information at different positions, and overcomes the defect that the traditional radiation detection only detects the amplitude.

Description

Directional coupling near-field probe and system for nonlinear radiation signal detection
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of characteristic detection of microwave circuit devices, in particular to a directional coupling near-field probe and a system for nonlinear radiation signal detection.
Background
Due to the fact that a high-power passive nonlinear mechanism is complex, the problem of spectrum interference of a communication system caused by microscopic nonlinear contact is uncertain greatly, and therefore quantitative nonlinear spectrum research and fault diagnosis need to depend on experimental tests seriously. The original source of the passive nonlinear interference is nonlinear distortion, relative to active nonlinear, the passive nonlinear is very weak, in a complete high-power microwave communication system, more than one nonlinear defect source often exists, so that the suppression of the nonlinear distortion needs to suppress more than one nonlinear source, and the first step of realizing the suppression measures is how to accurately find the nonlinear distortion positions.
The nonlinear spectrum is a high-frequency distortion problem, and a radiation effect is obvious as a high-frequency distortion signal in an open space. Frequency domain distortion caused by nonlinearity often propagates in closed environments such as connectors and cables in the form of high frequency currents without significant impact on the external space. However, in some open or relatively direct antenna configurations, there is a risk that the non-linear distortion signal will radiate the distortion signal directly to the outside. In the conventional antenna-type radiation structure, the input power is often large to ensure the effective transmission distance, which also causes the nonlinear radiation signal characteristics on the structure to be abnormally obvious. For the nonlinear element to be tested, near-field scanning test becomes the most effective way for diagnosing nonlinear distortion on the structure.
Near-field electromagnetic scanning techniques have important applications in fault point diagnostics over open space. And at the nonlinear spectrum interference frequency point, the intensity difference of the measured nonlinear signals can be analyzed in real time by moving the position of the probe. However, in practical situations, due to the nonlinear multi-source synthesis problem, there is a problem that components propagated from a plurality of nonlinear signal sources are superimposed at a position to be detected, so that even at some positions without nonlinear defects, strong signal amplitude is presented at the position due to radiation characteristics of other nonlinear defects, and thus, the nonlinear defects cannot be accurately positioned by using a single amplitude test. This makes it an effective way to directly guide the location of nonlinear defects on the physical level by distinguishing the source direction of the radiation signal and comparing the signal amplitudes in several propagation directions. The near-field detection double verification based on the direction and the amplitude becomes an effective means for accurate nonlinear defect positioning, and how to realize the vector detection of the radiation signal becomes the most critical step in the near-field nonlinear signal detection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a directional coupling near-field probe and a system for detecting nonlinear radiation signals, which aim to solve the technical defects in the prior art, are used for distinguishing the source direction of nonlinear radiation signal interference so as to position the position of a nonlinear source, provide guidance for guiding nonlinear suppression and fault elimination, effectively solve the problems of detection and positioning of the nonlinear source in an open space, simultaneously guide the defect of directional scanning in general near-field electromagnetic detection, and provide a high-efficiency platform and a method for realizing fault detection of high-performance microwave circuit devices.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a directionally coupled near field probe for nonlinear radiation signal detection, comprising:
the miniature bidirectional coupler has near field direction coupling characteristic and can form at least one pair of coupling channels, and the miniature bidirectional coupler has a reference miniature coupling arm forming an open transmission line structure and a coupling arm reference ground plane connected with the miniature coupling arm.
Preferably, the micro bidirectional coupler comprises a plurality of pairs of micro detection channels distributed along multiple directions, an open space of each pair of micro detection channels is formed by an impedance transformation section, the impedance transformation section and the plane to be detected form a coupling channel, and the coupling directivity of the radiation source on the transmission surface is formed.
Preferably, the micro detection channels are integrated together by a modular structure, and the probe integrating a plurality of micro detection channels can close part of the micro detection channels by back end control so as to reduce mutual coupling among the micro detection channels.
Preferably, the impedance conversion section can be implemented by using a multi-section cascade structure.
Preferably, the structure of the back-end processing module connected to each pair of bidirectional coaxial output ports of the miniature bidirectional coupler is the same.
The invention also aims to provide a directional coupling near-field probe system for detecting nonlinear radiation signals, which comprises the probe and a back-end processing module connected with the probe, wherein the back-end processing module is connected with a computer, and a computer algorithm is stored and operated in the computer and is used for combining amplitude comparison of the back ends of each pair of coupling channels, carrying out differential detection on the nonlinear radiation signals, obtaining strong and weak comparison of the nonlinear radiation signals along a reference coordinate axis, and obtaining direction indications of multiple dimensions through multiple paths of coupling channels, thereby obtaining position information of the nonlinear radiation source.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the probe can separate nonlinear signals radiated by nonlinear fault points by using the directional miniature bidirectional coupler, so that the signal strength of the radiation signals of the fault points along different propagation directions is obtained, vector directional information of a nonlinear source is further formed, and the moving track of the probe is further guided in real time.
The probe and the system can directly guide the positioning of the nonlinear defect through the nonlinear source direction information at different positions, overcome the defect that the traditional radiation detection only detects the amplitude, and can effectively improve the nonlinear detection efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1-2 are external and cross-sectional views, respectively, of a single pair of differential probes.
Fig. 3-4 are schematic diagrams illustrating the connection between the back-end processing module and the single pair of differential probes and the signal processing of the back-end processing module, respectively.
FIGS. 5-1, 5-2, 5-3 are schematic diagrams illustrating dual channel direction discrimination of a single pair of differential probes, respectively.
FIGS. 6-1, 6-2, 6-3 are schematic diagrams of six-channel probe arrays, respectively.
FIGS. 7-1, 7-2, 7-3 are schematic views of eight-channel probe arrays, respectively.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the overall framework of the near field probe detection system.
Fig. 9 is a detection effect image of the near field probe system.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a micro coupling arm, 2 a coupling arm reference ground plane, 3 a common mode current choke coil, 4 a coaxial inner conductor, 5 a coaxial inner medium, 6 a coaxial outer conductor, 7 a coaxial output port, 8 a rear-end processing module, 9 a single-channel amplitude output port, 10 a single-channel double-end phase difference output port, 11 a low noise amplifier, 12 a filter, 13 a radiation source to be detected, 14 a single-pair channel detection reference direction, 15 a six-channel ground reference plane and 16 an eight-channel ground reference plane.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention realizes detection by near-field scanning of a suspected nonlinear source through a miniature bidirectional coupler integrated at the front end of a probe system.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the directional coupling near-field probe for detecting nonlinear radiation signals of the present invention includes a micro-coupler forming a plurality of coupling channels with a near-field directional coupling characteristic, the micro-coupler includes a micro-coupling arm 1, a coupling arm reference ground plane 2, a coaxial output port 7, and a common mode current choke 3; the miniature coupling arm 1 and the coupling arm reference ground plane 2 form an open transmission line structure, under the condition of reasonable size, the open transmission line structure can carry out coupling pickup on electromagnetic signals in the environment, then a processing system can carry out differential detection on nonlinear radiation signals by combining amplitude comparison at the rear end of each pair of coupling channels, intensity comparison of the nonlinear radiation signals along a reference coordinate axis is obtained, direction indication of multiple dimensions can be obtained by increasing the number of the coupling channels, and therefore position information of the nonlinear radiation source is obtained.
Under the high-power environment, the outer surface of the reference ground plane 2 of the coupling arm still induces strong current, and the current path on the outer conductor surface of the common mode current choke 3 forms an open road surface, so that the induced current is prevented from being uploaded to the contact connection part of the coaxial output port, and the final output result of the nonlinear interference of the high-power probe is avoided.
The miniature coupling arm 1 is of a U-shaped structure, the two coaxial inner conductors 4 of the miniature coupling arm and the miniature coupling arm are of an integrated structure and respectively penetrate through the coupling arm reference ground plane 2 and are wrapped by the coaxial outer conductor 6, a coaxial inner medium 5 is arranged between the coaxial outer conductor 6 and the coaxial inner conductor 4, the coaxial outer conductor 6 and the coupling arm reference ground plane 2 are of an integrated structure, and the coaxial inner conductor 6 and the coaxial outer conductor 4 are wrapped on the outer side of the coaxial outer conductor 6.
In the invention, the near-field detection front end of the probe can be composed of micro detection channels distributed along multiple directions, the open space of each pair of micro detection channels is composed of an impedance transformation section, and the impedance transformation section and a plane to be detected form a coupling channel and form radiation source coupling directivity on a transmission surface.
In the invention, the designed impedance of the open space impedance transformation section at the front end of the near field detection can be optimally designed according to the characteristics of the object to be detected so as to improve the detection sensitivity. For example, for a structure mainly based on magnetic field coupling, the impedance of the transformation section can be increased appropriately to obtain high sensitivity, and for an electric field radiation object, the impedance of the transformation section can be decreased appropriately to obtain high sensitivity.
In addition, the near-field detection front-end impedance transformation section can be realized by using a multi-section cascade structure, the minimum distance resolution of the structure is directly determined by the physical length of the impedance section in the middle of the impedance transformation section of the open space, and the distance resolution is higher when the length of the impedance transformation section in the middle section is shorter.
In addition, the near-field detection front end can increase and reduce the number of micro detection channels in a modular structure mode according to cost and detection requirements, and for the front end integrating a plurality of micro detection channels, a rear end control part can close part of the micro detection channels to reduce mutual coupling among the channels.
According to the invention, through the modular design of the near-field detection front end, the back-end processing modules of each pair of micro detection channels can be the same, the back ends of the same back-end processing modules directly output the real-time detection amplitude and the differential amplitude information after operation of the micro detection channels, the information is transmitted to the back-end processing module, and the normal surface distribution information of the near-field probe is obtained after operation.
When the probe is used for detection, the position of the probe is moved, three-dimensional distribution information of a nonlinear source can be directly obtained after the whole plane to be detected is scanned, and nonlinear positioning on the plane can be directly guided.
After the signal output after the detection of the front-end probe is transmitted to the back-end processing module, the back-end processing module is combined to separate forward and reverse nonlinear signals, and meanwhile, the accuracy is enhanced by respectively carrying out differential operation, and the physical position of a nonlinear source is confirmed by comparing the difference of the forward and reverse nonlinear radiation signals and the change of the forward and reverse nonlinear radiation signals along with the position of the probe, so that the nonlinear fault removal is guided.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 3-4, the coaxial output port of the directional coupling near-field probe of the present invention is connected to the back-end processing module 8, the back-end processing module 8 has a single-channel amplitude output port 9, a single-channel double-ended phase difference output port 10, and has a low noise amplifier 11, a filter 12; signals output by a coaxial output port of the directional coupling near-field probe enter a low-noise amplifier 11 and a filter 12 for processing, and are output through a single-channel amplitude output port 9 and a single-channel double-end phase difference output port 10.
Specifically, radio frequency signals output by the dual output ports of the directional coupling near-field probe are amplified by the low-noise amplifier 11 and filtered by the filter 12, and then are input to the back-end processing module 8, each channel signal is divided into two parts, one part is used for phase discrimination between two paths of signals, and the other part is used for absolute amplitude detection. The absolute amplitude and relative phase difference of the two-way signals on a pair of channels are used as an information unit for back-end processing analysis.
In the embodiments shown in fig. 5-1, 5-2 and 5-3, for a suspected non-linear radiation source (the radiation source to be detected 13), due to the directivity of the coupling arm, for the signal output end near one side of the non-linear source, the amplitude of the signal output by the end will be smaller than the signal detected at the other side due to the decrease of the effective length of the coupling arm. If the non-linear source is centered, the two-path signal amplitude is the same. The final distance resolution of the coupling structure will be determined by the physical length of the coupling arms, with the smaller the length the higher the non-linear source position resolution.
The probe of the invention uses the micro coupler with directional coupling characteristics capable of forming the micro coupling channel as the front end of the probe, and can also integrate the micro coupler arrays in multiple directions to form a probe array, thereby realizing omnidirectional nonlinear source positioning. When forming a probe array, the probe front end can use a modular design, each coupling front end has an output port along two directions, and nonlinear forward and backward signal amplitude and phase references with the pair of channel axis directions as references are directly obtained by connecting the same back end processing module. In the embodiment shown in fig. 6-1, 6-2, and 6-3, in order to increase the sensing capability of the probe front end array for nonlinear signals radiated from multiple directions, six-channel symmetric coupling arrays with 120 ° intervals between the three pairs of probe front ends can be formed, each pair of coupling channels mainly detects the strength of the nonlinear signal along the axial direction thereof, and finally the orientation detection of the nonlinear radiation source is realized by comparing the detection amplitude difference and the phase difference between the three pairs of channels respectively in combination with an algorithm, thereby realizing the positioning of the nonlinear source.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 7-1, 7-2, and 7-3, in order to increase the sensing capability of the probe front end array for nonlinear signals radiated from multiple directions, an eight-channel symmetric coupling array with 90 ° intervals between the four pairs of probe front ends may be used, each pair of coupling channels mainly detects the strength of the nonlinear signal along the axial direction of the coupling channel, two pairs of coupling channels placed in parallel may also implement differential calibration between the channels to improve the test sensitivity, and finally, the combination algorithm implements the azimuth positioning of the nonlinear radiation source.
The coupled nonlinear spectrum signals can be separated respectively about the forward term and the backward term by utilizing the front end of the probe with direction discrimination, the separated forward term and backward term signals are received by a back-end processing module and then are subjected to difference value operation, and the absolute value, the difference value and the phase information of the forward nonlinear signal and the reverse nonlinear signal at a certain position are respectively obtained through signal comparison processing of the back-end processing module, and the direction information of the forward nonlinear signal and the reverse nonlinear signal is obtained.
And finally, the amplitude and phase difference of the positions of the multiple positions are compared to indicate the direction of a nonlinear fault point, so that the actual position of the nonlinear defect source is positioned in real time.
The present invention also provides a probe detection system, which includes an array detection front end 17, a radio frequency processing and digital output module 18, and a computer algorithm 19, as shown in fig. 8, the array detection front end 17 may adopt the single pair of differential probes of the directional coupling near-field probe, or a six-channel probe array or an eight-channel probe array, the radio frequency processing and digital output module 18 may adopt the back end processing module, and the computer algorithm is run in a computer to process the detected signal.
When the system of the invention is used for detection, real-time azimuth information of the nonlinear source relative to the reference direction of the probe can be obtained in the moving process of the probe, the nonlinear source distribution information of the whole plane can be directly obtained by combining the two-dimensional scanning of the probe system on the whole plane to be detected, and a three-dimensional graph of the nonlinear source distribution can be obtained through computer processing, so that the physical positioning of the nonlinear source is guided in real time, as shown in fig. 9.
It should be noted that the probe detection system of the present invention is particularly suitable for high power nonlinear radiation signal detection, but can still be used for conventional linear electromagnetic amplitude detection and imaging after passing through a proper amplification module.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The directional coupling near-field probe for detecting the nonlinear radiation signal is characterized by comprising a miniature bidirectional coupler which has the characteristic of coupling in the near-field direction and can form at least one pair of coupling channels, wherein the miniature bidirectional coupler is provided with a miniature coupling arm forming an open transmission line structure and a coupling arm reference ground plane connected with the miniature coupling arm;
the miniature coupling arm is of a U-shaped structure, the two coaxial inner conductors of the miniature coupling arm integrated structure respectively penetrate through the coupling arm reference ground plane and are wrapped by the coaxial outer conductor, a coaxial inner medium is arranged between the coaxial outer conductor and the coaxial inner conductor, the common-mode current choke coil is wrapped on the outer side of the coaxial outer conductor, and the coaxial outer conductor and the coupling arm reference ground plane are of an integrated structure.
2. The directionally coupled near field probe for nonlinear radiation signal detection as recited in claim 1, wherein the micro bi-directional coupler comprises a plurality of pairs of micro-detection channels arranged in multiple directions, an open space of each pair of micro-detection channels is formed by an impedance transformation section, and the impedance transformation section and the plane to be measured form a coupling channel.
3. The directionally coupled near field probe for nonlinear radiation signal detection as recited in claim 2, wherein said micro detection channels are integrated together by a modular structure, and wherein a probe integrating a plurality of micro detection channels can close a portion of the micro detection channels by back end control to reduce mutual coupling between the micro detection channels.
4. The directionally coupled near field probe for nonlinear radiation signal detection as recited in claim 2, wherein said impedance transformation section is implemented using a multi-stage cascaded configuration.
5. The directionally coupled near field probe for nonlinear radiation signal detection as recited in claim 1, wherein a back end processing module to which each pair of bidirectional coaxial output ports of said miniature bidirectional coupler is connected has a same configuration.
6. A directional coupling near-field probe system for nonlinear radiation signal detection, which is characterized by comprising the probe of any one of claims 1 to 5, a back-end processing module connected with the probe, wherein the back-end processing module is connected with a computer, and a computer algorithm is stored and operated in the computer and is used for combining amplitude comparison of the back ends of each pair of coupling channels, carrying out differential detection on the nonlinear radiation signal, obtaining strong and weak comparison of the nonlinear radiation signal along a reference coordinate axis, and obtaining direction indications of multiple dimensions through multiple coupling channels, thereby obtaining position information of a nonlinear radiation source.
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