CN110207940A - A kind of High-speed transient schlieren system applying to large tunnel - Google Patents

A kind of High-speed transient schlieren system applying to large tunnel Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110207940A
CN110207940A CN201910555669.XA CN201910555669A CN110207940A CN 110207940 A CN110207940 A CN 110207940A CN 201910555669 A CN201910555669 A CN 201910555669A CN 110207940 A CN110207940 A CN 110207940A
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China
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frequency
schlieren
laser
pulsed lasers
light
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CN201910555669.XA
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吴宇阳
石伟龙
甘才俊
赵学军
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China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics CAAA
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China Academy of Aerospace Aerodynamics CAAA
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01MTESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M9/00Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
    • G01M9/06Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/02Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
    • G02B17/06Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
    • G02B17/0605Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror using two curved mirrors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B17/00Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements
    • G02B17/02Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system
    • G02B17/06Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror
    • G02B17/0668Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system using mirrors only, i.e. having only one curved mirror having non-imaging properties
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/50Optics for phase object visualisation
    • G02B27/54Schlieren-optical systems

Abstract

A kind of High-speed transient schlieren system applying to large tunnel, including the acquisition of laser source system, homogenising system, schlieren system, data and synchronous control system.Isochronous controller issues signal control laser source system and issues high-frequency pulsed lasers, and high-frequency pulsed lasers form after homogenising system and homogenize high-frequency pulsed lasers with certain dispersion angle, then homogenize high-frequency pulsed lasers and enter schlieren system.It homogenizes high-frequency pulsed lasers and is emitted after the first reflecting mirror is transferred to the first concave mirror and homogenize parallel high-frequency pulsed lasers, behind large tunnel flow field, assembled by the second concave mirror, then reflected through the second reflecting mirror, focus on schlieren system knife-edge part.Finally, isochronous controller control camera receives transient state schlieren image, and it is stored in computer.The present invention realizes that high-frequency pulsed lasers uniformly dissipate with special angle and eliminate veiling glare, improves capacity usage ratio, be applied to transient state stration technique on large tunnel by increasing homogenising system.

Description

A kind of High-speed transient schlieren system applying to large tunnel
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of High-speed transient schlieren systems.
Background technique
Traditional schlieren method is that have Teopler.A to lead in 1864 based on schlieren uneven flow field is shown and surveyed The optical means measured and proposed.This method be using light be measured flow field in refractive index gradient be proportional to flow field air-flow it is close The change transitions of density gradient in flow field are the variation of relative light intensity on imaging plane by the principle of degree.The light source of traditional schlieren Generally continuous light source, equal effect when can generate lead to flow field wave system folded structures.Therefore traditional schlieren can be observed, be differentiated The shock wave in compressible flow field, compressional wave isodensity change violent region out, and other information of flow are not easy to be identified Come.
With supersonic speed, the appearance of hypersonic flight, the flow field around aircraft becomes increasingly complex, and causes to wind-tunnel stream The requirement of dynamic display technology is higher and higher.Complex space flow field, such as shock-shock interaction, shock wave and boundary layer interaction and turn twist Problem, fine structure measurement and Spatio-temporal Evolution measurement have become the problem of Flow Visualization Technologies.Therefore, with schlieren system original Based on reason, many high-precisions of development, the measuring technology of high-spatial and temporal resolution.It is for changing in terms of light source first Into foreign countries take the lead in solving the problems, such as temporal resolution using spark light source, but this method is adopted in a wind tunnel test It is few to collect image, it is low in economic efficiency, it is abandoned now.It is then to improve its frame frequency and resolution ratio for acquisition equipment aspect. With chip field fast development, traditional film camera is substituted by CCD and CMOS camera.In addition, the frame frequency of camera It is continuously improved with pixel scale.
Transient state stration technique is to use the CMOS phase of high Pixel Dimensions and high frame frequency as light source using high-frequency pulsed lasers Machine meets Tayler frozen flow it is assumed that realizing complex flow structure (such as shock-shock interaction, shock wave-as acquisition equipment Boundary layer interference and turn phenomena such as twisting) synchronization high frequency show and measures.However existing transient state stration technique is only with test In the test of the section lesser wind-tunnel of size, this is because the concave reflection for the schlieren system that the lesser wind-tunnel of test section size is equipped with Aperture of mirror is accordingly smaller, and focal length is shorter.At this point, Laser beam propagation distance is shorter, as long as light beam can be full of the first concave mirror, Light intensity is able to carry out the debugging and use of transient state schlieren system with regard to meet demand.And the test section of large tunnel is larger, Xiang Peibei The bore and focal length of the concave mirror of schlieren system are larger.If not controlling beam divergence angle, it is allowed to be full of concave surface just anti- Mirror is penetrated, will lead to beam energy heavy losses, can not debug or use transient state schlieren system.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the invention solves the problems, such as: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides one kind to apply to large size The High-speed transient schlieren system of wind-tunnel realizes that high-frequency pulsed lasers are uniformly dissipated simultaneously with special angle by increasing homogenising system Veiling glare is eliminated, capacity usage ratio is improved, is applied to transient state stration technique on large tunnel.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows: a kind of High-speed transient schlieren system applying to large tunnel, including laser Light-source system, homogenising system, schlieren system, data acquisition and synchronous control system;Schlieren system includes the first reflecting mirror, first Concave mirror, the second concave mirror, the second reflecting mirror and the edge of a knife;Data acquisition with synchronous control system include CMOS camera, computer, Isochronous controller;
High-frequency pulsed lasers are after laser source system collimation and anaberration, into homogenising system, by homogenising system Afterwards, the high-frequency pulsed lasers for homogenizing transmitting are formed, and eliminate veiling glare;Diverging homogenizes laser light incident schlieren system, through the first reflection Mirror and the first concave mirror are simultaneously converted into high-frequency impulse directional light, and light beam continues to be transferred through test chamber, by second Concave mirror is assembled, and is reflected by the second reflecting mirror, and knife-edge part is focused on;Transient state of the CMOS camera acquisition after the edge of a knife is cut is close Degree change of gradient image is simultaneously sent to computer stored;Isochronous controller control laser source system and CMOS camera triggering and Stop.
Laser source system includes high-frequency pulsed lasers device, laser collimator, double separation object lens, the mobile optics member of light beam Part light beam moves optical element, biconcave lens, closed slide;High-frequency pulsed lasers device, laser collimator, double separation object lens, The mobile optical element of light beam is placed sequentially on closed slide;Biconcave lens is mounted on closed slide end;
High-frequency pulsed lasers device issues the optical center that high-frequency impulse visible light is directed at double separation object lens through laser collimator, by Double separation object lens progress astigmatisms are poor, realize expanding for light beam by biconcave lens later;By adjusting the mobile optics member of light beam The relative position of part, double separation object lens, biconcave lens, guarantees final light beam by the first reflecting mirror full of the first concave mirror.
Homogenising system includes that the optics of different dispersion angles homogenizes element and diaphragm;The light beam issued by laser source system It first passes around optics and homogenizes element, form the high-frequency pulsed lasers for homogenizing diverging;Homogenize the high-frequency pulsed lasers of diverging using Diaphragm is transferred in schlieren system.
Optics homogenizes element and swashs high-frequency impulse point light source laser homogenizing at the pulse that homogenizes of angle of divergence angle needed for testing Light, the energetic transmittance that optics homogenizes element is 90%.
Optics is homogenized the stray light of element generation to diaphragm and other veiling glares filter off.
Isochronous controller includes control processing circuit and programmable delay circuit;When control processing circuit receive it is external defeated When the blasting signal entered, output two-way has the square wave timing signal of same frequency to programmable delay circuit, programmable to prolong When circuit delay matching treatment is carried out to two-way square wave timing signal after be sent to laser source system all the way, another way is sent to Data collection system;Square wave timing signal triggers based on the received for laser source system, data collection system;Be delayed matching treatment So that the pulse laser that laser source system generates was fallen in data collection system in the time for exposure of CMOS camera.
Increase Galileo system before CMOS camera.
The frequency acquisition of CMOS camera is higher than the corresponding frequency of coherent structure movement speed in wind tunnel test segment model flow field.
The working frequency of high-frequency pulsed lasers device is higher than the corresponding frequency of coherent structure movement speed in test chamber flow field Rate, pulse bandwidth meet Taylor flow field and freeze to assume to require.
High-frequency pulsed lasers device selects the YAG pulse laser that energy is 35 μ J or pulse is 350mJ, and wavelength is 527nm, frequency 10kHz.
The present invention has the beneficial effect that compared with prior art
The present invention is in order to allow transient state stration technique to be applied on large tunnel, and the present invention is in original transient state stration technique On be added to homogenising system, core element is to homogenize mirror and diaphragm, and the effect for homogenizing mirror is by high-frequency impulse point light source laser Diverging is the high-frequency impulse divergencing laser of the uniform intensity of specific dispersion angle, and the effect of diaphragm is to eliminate to homogenize element and generate Veiling glare.In this way, high-frequency impulse point light source laser can be full of concave mirror after through homogenising system just, energy is substantially reduced Loss improves capacity usage ratio, so that transient state stration technique is succeeded on large tunnel and use.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is present system schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is laser source system schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is homogenising system schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is data of the present invention acquisition and synchronous control system schematic diagram;
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing and example elaborates to the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1 to 4, a kind of High-speed transient schlieren system for applying to large tunnel of the present invention, including laser light Source system, homogenising system, schlieren system, data acquisition and synchronous control system.
High-frequency pulsed lasers, into homogenising system, after optics homogenising system, form tool by collimating with after anaberration There are the homogenized high-frequency pulsed lasers of certain angle of divergence, and eliminates veiling glare.Diverging homogenizes laser light incident schlieren system, anti-through first It penetrates mirror and the first concave mirror and is converted into high-frequency impulse directional light, light beam continues the optics glass for being transferred through test chamber Glass and flow field are assembled by the second concave mirror and the second reflecting mirror, focus on knife-edge part.
Laser source system is by high-frequency pulsed lasers device 1, laser collimator 2, double separation object lens 3, the mobile optics of light beam Element 4, biconcave lens 5, closed slide 6 are constituted;High-frequency pulsed lasers device 1, laser collimator 2, double separation object lens 3, light beam Mobile optical element 4 is both placed on closed slide 6.Biconcave lens 5 is mounted on 6 end of closed slide.Wherein high-frequency impulse swashs It is the YAG pulse laser of 35 μ J or pulse 350mJ, wavelength 527nm, frequency 10kHz that light device 1, which selects energy,.
High-frequency pulsed lasers device 1 issues the light that high-frequency impulse visible light is directed at double separation object lens 3 through laser collimator 2 The heart, it is poor by double separation object lens 3 progress astigmatism, expanding for light beam is realized by biconcave lens 5 later.It is mobile by adjusting light beam The relative position of optical element 4, double separation object lens 3, biconcave lens 5, to guarantee final light beam by the first reflecting mirror full of the The purpose of one concave mirror.
Homogenising system includes that the optics of different dispersion angles homogenizes element 7 and diaphragm 8.The light issued by laser source system Beam first passes around optics and homogenizes element 7, forms the high-frequency pulsed lasers for homogenizing diverging.;Homogenize the high-frequency pulsed lasers of diverging again By diaphragm 8, it is transferred in schlieren system.
Schlieren system includes that the first reflecting mirror, the first concave mirror, the second concave mirror, the second reflecting mirror and the edge of a knife are constituted, Light path arrangement is the Z-shaped optical path of typical schlieren system, i.e. light beam is issued by laser source system, and passes through homogenising system Afterwards, high-frequency impulse directional light is formed after the first reflecting mirror and the first concave mirror;Pulse directional light passes through wind tunnel test Duan Hou is assembled by the second concave mirror, and is reflected by the second reflecting mirror, so that light beam is converged to knife-edge part, is finally received by camera.
Data acquisition and synchronous control system include CMOS camera, computer, isochronous controller;The acquisition of CMOS camera is passed through Transient state density gradient modified-image after edge of a knife cutting, is sent to computer stored.Isochronous controller controls laser source system With the triggering and stopping of CMOS camera;Isochronous controller includes control processing circuit and programmable delay circuit;When control is handled When circuit receives externally input blasting signal, there is output two-way the square wave timing signal of same frequency to prolong to programmable When circuit, programmable delay circuit is sent to laser light source system after carrying out delay matching treatment to two-way square wave timing signal all the way System, another way are sent to CMOS camera;Square wave timing signal triggers based on the received for laser source system, CMOS camera;It is above-mentioned The pulse laser that delay matching treatment generates laser source system was fallen in the time for exposure of CMOS camera.
Camera selects the CMOS camera of MC1310 model, and spatial resolution is 1280 × 1024 pixels, image pick-up card choosing With X64Xcelera model, image pick-up card is furnished with image acquiring sensor and electronic shutter.The CMOS chip spectrum of the camera There are about 26% quantum efficiencies at 527nm for quantum efficiency.Full Camera is used between CMOS camera and image pick-up card Link interface connects and transmits data, sample frequency up to 1004Hz, rapid image acquisition speed up to 680Mbyte/s, With host communication speed up to 528Mbyte/s, the coherent structure that the frequency acquisition of CMOS camera is higher than test segment model flow field is moved The dynamic corresponding frequency of speed.Isochronous controller selects the control processing circuit that 89C51 single-chip microcontroller is core, with CPLD chip EPM7064SLC44-10 be core programmable delay circuit form, while use RS232 interface, by realize single-chip microcontroller and in terms of The asynchronous communication of calculation machine and laser.
The working frequency of high-frequency pulsed lasers device 1 is higher than the corresponding frequency of coherent structure movement speed in test section flow field, Pulse bandwidth meets Taylor flow field and freezes to assume to require.
Optics homogenizes element 7 and swashs high-frequency impulse point light source laser homogenizing at the pulse that homogenizes of angle of divergence angle needed for testing Light, the energetic transmittance that optics homogenizes element 7 is 90%;Optics can be homogenized the stray light that element 7 generates by diaphragm 8 and other are miscellaneous Light filters off.
System further includes the adjustment moving assembly that optical element itself is equipped with, by adjusting the position of each optical element, So that its optical center is in sustained height, the first concave mirror emergent light directional light and is received just by the second concave mirror.
Increase Galileo system before CMOS camera, to prevent the ionization of real focus.The frequency acquisition of CMOS camera is higher than examination Test the corresponding frequency of coherent structure movement speed in segment model flow field.
Debugging process: first by laser light-emitting window center, homogenising system optical path (optical axis for homogenizing mirror and diaphragm), schlieren System light path (the first reflecting mirror, the first concave mirror, the second concave mirror, the second reflecting mirror optical axis and the edge of a knife), camera optical axis tune Whole is sustained height.The focal point for homogenizing element and being placed on the first concave mirror in homogenising system guarantees rising for beam divergence O'clock the first concave mirror focus, light beam through the first concave mirror go out light be directional light.It debugs in transient state stration technique Schlieren system is similar to traditional schlieren adjustment method, is adjusted according to direction of beam propagation: guaranteeing point light source in schlieren The focal point of the first concave mirror of system;The light beam that light source issues is reflected into the first concave mirror through the first reflecting mirror, guarantees that light fills Full first concave mirror;The directional light of first concave mirror outgoing incident second concave mirror behind flow field, guarantees that light beam is full of just Second concave mirror;Second concave mirror outgoing beam is reflected through the second reflecting mirror to be assembled, and guarantees knife-edge positions just in the focal point. Finally, adjustment camera, can accept schlieren image.
After Flow Field in Wind Tunnel is established, isochronous controller issues signal control laser source system and starts with data collection system Work.In laser source system, laser issue high-frequency pulsed lasers, high-frequency pulsed lasers through collimation and anaberration after, into Enter homogenising system, after optics homogenising system, is formed and homogenize high-frequency pulsed lasers with certain angle of divergence, and eliminated miscellaneous Light.Diverging homogenizes laser light incident schlieren system, and through the first reflecting mirror and the first concave mirror and to be converted into high-frequency impulse parallel Light, light beam continue the optical glass for being transferred through test chamber and flow field, are assembled by the second concave mirror and the second reflecting mirror, gather Coke arrives knife-edge part, and data collection system acquires the transient state density gradient modified-image after the edge of a knife is cut.
Unspecified part of the present invention belongs to common sense well known to those skilled in the art.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of High-speed transient schlieren system for applying to large tunnel, it is characterised in that: including laser source system, homogenize and be System, schlieren system, data acquisition and synchronous control system;Schlieren system includes the first reflecting mirror, the first concave mirror, the second concave surface Mirror, the second reflecting mirror and the edge of a knife;Data acquisition and synchronous control system include CMOS camera, computer, isochronous controller;
High-frequency pulsed lasers are after laser source system collimation and anaberration, into homogenising system, after homogenising system, shape At homogenizing the high-frequency pulsed lasers of transmitting, and eliminate veiling glare;Diverging homogenizes laser light incident schlieren system, through the first reflecting mirror and the One concave mirror is simultaneously converted into high-frequency impulse directional light, and light beam continues to be transferred through test chamber, by the second concave mirror It assembles, and is reflected by the second reflecting mirror, focus on knife-edge part;CMOS camera acquires the transient state density gradient after the edge of a knife is cut Modified-image is simultaneously sent to computer stored;The triggering and stopping of isochronous controller control laser source system and CMOS camera.
2. a kind of High-speed transient schlieren system for applying to large tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: laser Light-source system includes high-frequency pulsed lasers device (1), laser collimator (2), double separation object lens (3), the mobile optical element of light beam Light beam moves optical element (4), biconcave lens (5), closed slide (6);High-frequency pulsed lasers device (1), laser collimator (2), double separation object lens (3), light beam mobile optical element (4) are placed sequentially on closed slide (6);Biconcave lens (5) installation In closed slide (6) end;
High-frequency pulsed lasers device (1) issues the light that high-frequency impulse visible light is directed at double separation object lens (3) through laser collimator (2) The heart, it is poor by double separation object lens (3) progress astigmatism, expanding for light beam is realized by biconcave lens (5) later;By adjusting light beam Mobile optical element (4), double relative positions for separating object lens (3), biconcave lens (5) guarantee final light beam by the first reflection Mirror is full of the first concave mirror.
3. a kind of High-speed transient schlieren system for applying to large tunnel according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: Homogenising system includes that the optics of different dispersion angles homogenizes element (7) and diaphragm (8);The light beam issued by laser source system is first It first passes through optics to homogenize element (7), forms the high-frequency pulsed lasers for homogenizing diverging;Homogenize the high-frequency pulsed lasers of diverging using Diaphragm (8), is transferred in schlieren system.
4. a kind of High-speed transient schlieren system for applying to large tunnel according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: optics It homogenizes element (7) and high-frequency impulse point light source laser homogenizing is homogenized into pulse laser at angle of divergence angle needed for testing, optics is even The energetic transmittance for changing element (7) is 90%.
5. a kind of High-speed transient schlieren system for applying to large tunnel according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: diaphragm (8) optics is homogenized into the stray light of element (7) generation and other veiling glares filters off.
6. a kind of High-speed transient schlieren system for applying to large tunnel according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: synchronous Controller includes control processing circuit and programmable delay circuit;When control processing circuit receives externally input blasting When signal, output two-way has the square wave timing signal of same frequency to programmable delay circuit, and programmable delay circuit is to two-way Square wave timing signal is sent to laser source system after carrying out delay matching treatment all the way, and another way is sent to data acquisition system System;Square wave timing signal triggers based on the received for laser source system, data collection system;Delay matching treatment makes laser light The pulse laser that source system generates was fallen in data collection system in the time for exposure of CMOS camera.
7. a kind of High-speed transient schlieren system for applying to large tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: CMOS Increase Galileo system before camera.
8. a kind of High-speed transient schlieren system for applying to large tunnel according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: CMOS The frequency acquisition of camera is higher than the corresponding frequency of coherent structure movement speed in wind tunnel test segment model flow field.
9. a kind of High-speed transient schlieren system for applying to large tunnel according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: high frequency The working frequency of pulse laser (1) is higher than the corresponding frequency of coherent structure movement speed in test chamber flow field, pulse band Width, which meets Taylor flow field, to be freezed to assume to require.
10. a kind of High-speed transient schlieren system for applying to large tunnel according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: high Frequency pulse laser device (1) selects the YAG pulse laser that energy is 35 μ J or pulse is 350mJ, wavelength 527nm, frequency For 10kHz.
CN201910555669.XA 2019-06-25 2019-06-25 A kind of High-speed transient schlieren system applying to large tunnel Pending CN110207940A (en)

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CN112113738A (en) * 2020-09-04 2020-12-22 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 Loop shearing interference system for measuring density field of boundary layer of wind tunnel flow field
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CN114061889A (en) * 2021-12-14 2022-02-18 南京航空航天大学 Ultrasonic same-frequency observation device and method for directly displaying second modal wave
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