CN110205451A - A kind of spring alloy steel workpiece hardening and tempering method - Google Patents
A kind of spring alloy steel workpiece hardening and tempering method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110205451A CN110205451A CN201710543492.2A CN201710543492A CN110205451A CN 110205451 A CN110205451 A CN 110205451A CN 201710543492 A CN201710543492 A CN 201710543492A CN 110205451 A CN110205451 A CN 110205451A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
- C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/02—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of spring alloy steel workpiece hardening and tempering method, quenching, it is cooled down by quenching process, quenching for the first time is cooling using oil hardening at 270 DEG C or more, second of quenching is in 270 DEG C or less air-cooled or 270 DEG C of furnace coolings of converter, third time is to stop again air to 150 DEG C to be cooled to room temperature, finally subzero treatment again；Tempering, using martemper, first carry out 270 DEG C~350 DEG C isothermal temperings for the first time, martensitic structure in workpiece is allowed to be transformed into tempered martensite, allow retained austenite structural transformation at lower bainite tissue, 400 DEG C of temperatures above tempering of reselection obtain desired tissue secondary troostite tissue, by the means of martemper, secondary troostite tissue is obtained；Surface treatment is struck with the shot below of φ 0.5, smashes the intrinsic harmful substance of workpiece surface layer.The method can significantly improve elastic limit, yield strength and fatigue limits, extend workpiece service life to greatest extent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of spring alloy steel workpiece hardening and tempering methods.
Background technique
During quenched, hardness and toughness can not meet spring alloy steel simultaneously at present, meet the requirement of hardness just
It is not able to satisfy toughness reguirements, the requirement for meeting toughness can not meet the requirement of hardness again, and this substantially reduces making for workpiece
Use the service life.Such as: 65Mn alloyed steel work-piece, it is desirable that HRC47 or so works under 800,000 stress alternations.A kind of situation reaches hard
HRC47 or so is spent, stress alternation is only up to 300,000 times；Another situation reaches 800,000 stress alternations, and hardness is not up to standard, only
HRC44 or so, while workpiece deflection is excessive, it is not up to standard, see the carbon steel in Fig. 1, water quenching can only be used in quenching is cooling
Fire, using different cooling means, the tissue of acquisition is not also identical, that is to say, that the tissue obtained using different hardening medias
Difference, tissue is different, and mechanical performance is not also identical, in Fig. 1, V1Furnace cooling 10 DEG C/min, V2Air cools down 10 DEG C/s,
V3Oil cooling 150 DEG C/s, V4Water cools down 600 DEG C/s, VFaceIt is determined for critical cooling material.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of spring alloy steel workpiece hardening and tempering methods, it can significantly improve elastic limit, yield strength
And fatigue limit, extend workpiece service life to greatest extent.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a kind of spring alloy steel workpiece hardening and tempering method, it is the following steps are included: step
A rapid quenching, using isothermal hardening method is bordering on, is cooled down, quenching is at 270 ° or more for the first time by quenching process
Cooling using oil hardening, it is to 150 DEG C for the third time that second of quenching, which is in 270 DEG C or less air-cooled or 270 DEG C of furnace coolings of converter,
It stops again air and is cooled to room temperature, finally subzero treatment again；Step 2 tempering first carries out first time 270 using martemper
DEG C~350 DEG C of isothermal temperings, it is therefore an objective to it allows martensitic structure in workpiece to be transformed into tempered martensite, allows retained austenite group
It knits and is transformed into lower bainite tissue, 400 DEG C of temperatures above tempering of reselection obtain desired tissue secondary troostite tissue, pass through
The means of martemper obtain secondary troostite tissue, keep workpiece hardness, toughness up to standard；Step 3, surface treatment, that is, use
Shot Blasting is struck with the shot below of φ 0.5, the intrinsic harmful substance of workpiece surface layer is smashed, to improve the table of workpiece
Face toughness.
It is that the martensitic structure changed is allowed to be transformed into tempered martensite group through stopping that 150 DEG C, which stop, in step 1 of the present invention
It knits, reduces part internal stress；Air is cooled to room temperature after 150 DEG C of stops, is to make the residual austenite body tissue in workpiece further
It is transformed into martensitic structure, then subzero treatment, the process of subzero treatment is carried out to the steel alloy under room temperature are as follows: 150 DEG C of heating is returned
Fire arrives room temperature, obtains tempered martensite, then carry out advanced treating, that is, the workpiece under room temperature is then transferred to ice cell class
Container carries out cooling treatment, further obtains more martensitic structures.
The present invention uses the oil cooled cooling velocity V at 650 DEG C~550 DEG C of the workpiece temperature during oil hardeningOilFor
150 DEG C/S, oil cooled cooling velocity VOilGreater than 65Mn critical cooling rate VFace, obtain uniform overcooling austenite group
It knits.
In the case that martemper is that retained austenite is without thoroughly eliminating in workpiece in step 2 of the present invention, selection
270 DEG C~350 DEG C tempering, then select 400 DEG C or 400 DEG C or more isothermal temperings, it is therefore an objective to prevent remaining austenite structure transformation
At tempered sorbite tissue, to obviously make its hardness insufficient.
The invention has the following advantages: quenching method by this, in order to obtain more martensites, hardness is improved, together
The final tempering temperature of Shi Tigao improves the enough toughness of workpiece, improves the mechanical performance of workpiece to greatest extent, extends work and uses
Service life.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the cooling schematic diagram of quenching of traditional carbon steel of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the cooling schematic diagram of 65 Mn steel alloy process for quenching of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the contrast schematic diagram of Fig. 2 of the present invention and Fig. 1.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one, by taking 65Mn steel alloy as an example, in figure 2 and figure 3, the present invention provides a kind of spring alloy steel workpieces
Hardening and tempering method, it, using isothermal hardening method is bordering on, is carried out cold the following steps are included: step 1 quenching by quenching process
But, first time Cooling Quenching is cooling using oil hardening at 270 ° or more, using the workpiece temperature during oil hardening 650
DEG C~550 DEG C when oil cooled cooling velocity VOilFor 150 DEG C/S, oil cooled cooling velocity VOilGreater than 65Mn critical cooling rate
VFace, uniformity overcooling austenite tissue is obtained, second of Cooling Quenching is air-cooled or 270 DEG C of converter with furnace at 270 DEG C or less
It is cooling, enough martensitic structures are obtained, is to stop again air to 150 DEG C to be cooled to room temperature for the third time, obtains martensitic structure
(including tempered martensite), finally subzero treatment again, it is that the martensitic structure changed is allowed to change through stopping that 150 DEG C, which stop,
At tempered martensite, part internal stress is reduced；Air is cooled to room temperature after 150 DEG C of stops, is to make the remnants in workpiece difficult to understand
Family name's body tissue is further transformed into martensitic structure, then carries out subzero treatment, the process of subzero treatment to the steel alloy under room temperature
Are as follows: 150 DEG C of heating is tempered to room temperature, obtains martensitic structure (including tempered martensite), then carry out advanced treating, also
It is the workpiece under room temperature to be then transferred to ice cell class container to carry out cooling treatment, further obtains more martensitic structures；Step
Rapid two tempering first carries out 270 DEG C of isothermal temperings for the first time using martemper, it is therefore an objective to martensitic structure in workpiece be allowed to change
At tempered martensite, allow retained austenite structural transformation at lower bainite tissue, 400 DEG C of temperatures above of reselection are tempered,
Obtain desired tissue secondary troostite tissue, by the means of martemper, obtain secondary troostite tissue, make workpiece hardness,
Toughness is up to standard, in the case that martemper is that retained austenite is without thoroughly eliminating in workpiece, selects 270 DEG C of tempering, then select
400 DEG C or 400 DEG C or more isothermal temperings, it is therefore an objective to prevent remaining austenite structure to be transformed into tempered sorbite tissue, thus
Obviously make its hardness insufficient；Step 3, surface treatment use Shot Blasting, struck with the shot below of φ 0.5, smash work
The intrinsic harmful substance of part superficial layer, to improve the surface toughness of workpiece, in Fig. 3, dotted line is carbon steel process for quenching
Cooling schematic diagram, solid line are the cooling schematic diagram of 65Mn steel alloy process for quenching, and 1 in Fig. 3 is single-stage quenching method, and 2 be biliquid
Quenching method, 3 be aus-bay quenching, and 4 be isothermal hardening method, and 5 be to be bordering on isothermal hardening method.
Embodiment two, by taking 65Mn steel alloy as an example, in figure 2 and figure 3, the present invention provides a kind of spring alloy steel workpieces
Hardening and tempering method, it, using isothermal hardening method is bordering on, is carried out cold the following steps are included: step 1 quenching by quenching process
But, first time Cooling Quenching is cooling using oil hardening at 270 ° or more, using the workpiece temperature during oil hardening 650
DEG C~550 DEG C when oil cooled cooling velocity VOilFor 150 DEG C/S, oil cooled cooling velocity VOilGreater than 65Mn critical cooling rate
VFace, uniformity overcooling austenite tissue is obtained, second of Cooling Quenching is air-cooled or 270 DEG C of converter with furnace at 270 DEG C or less
It is cooling, enough martensitic structures are obtained, is to stop again air to 150 DEG C to be cooled to room temperature for the third time, obtains martensitic structure
(including tempered martensite) last subzero treatment again, it is that the martensitic structure changed is allowed to change through stopping that 150 DEG C, which stop,
At tempered martensite, part internal stress is reduced；Air is cooled to room temperature after 150 DEG C of stops, is to make the remnants in workpiece difficult to understand
Family name's body tissue is further transformed into martensitic structure, then carries out subzero treatment, the process of subzero treatment to the steel alloy under room temperature
Are as follows: 150 DEG C of heating is tempered to room temperature, obtains tempered martensite, then carry out advanced treating, that is, the workpiece under room temperature
It is then transferred to ice cell class container and carries out cooling treatment, further obtain more martensitic structures (including tempered martensite group
It knits)；Step 2 tempering first carries out 320 DEG C of isothermal temperings for the first time using martemper, it is therefore an objective to allow martensite group in workpiece
It knits and is transformed into tempered martensite, allow retained austenite structural transformation at lower bainite tissue, 400 DEG C of temperatures above of reselection
Tempering obtains desired tissue secondary troostite tissue, by the means of martemper, obtains secondary troostite tissue, makes workpiece
Hardness, toughness are up to standard, in the case that martemper is that retained austenite is without thoroughly eliminating in workpiece, select 320 DEG C of tempering,
400 DEG C or 400 DEG C or more isothermal temperings are selected again, it is therefore an objective to prevent remaining austenite structure to be transformed into tempered sorbite tissue,
To obviously make its hardness insufficient；Step 3, surface treatment use Shot Blasting, struck, hit with the shot below of φ 0.5
The intrinsic harmful substance of broken workpiece surface layer, to improve the surface toughness of workpiece, in Fig. 3, dotted line is carbon steel quenching side
The cooling schematic diagram of method, solid line are the cooling schematic diagram of 65Mn steel alloy process for quenching, and 1 in Fig. 3 is single-stage quenching method, and 2 are
Double quenching method, 3 be aus-bay quenching, and 4 be isothermal hardening method, and 5 be to be bordering on isothermal hardening method.
Embodiment three, by taking 65Mn steel alloy as an example, in figure 2 and figure 3, the present invention provides a kind of spring alloy steel workpieces
Hardening and tempering method, it, using isothermal hardening method is bordering on, is carried out cold the following steps are included: step 1 quenching by quenching process
But, first time Cooling Quenching is cooling using oil hardening at 270 ° or more, using the workpiece temperature during oil hardening 650
DEG C~550 DEG C when oil cooled cooling velocity VOilFor 150 DEG C/S, oil cooled cooling velocity VOilGreater than 65Mn critical cooling rate
VFace, uniform overcooling austenite tissue is obtained, second quenching is air-cooled or 270 DEG C of converter cold with furnace at 270 DEG C or less
But, enough martensitic structures are obtained, is to stop again air to 150 DEG C to be cooled to room temperature for the third time, obtains martensitic structure (packet
Include tempered martensite), finally subzero treatment again, it is that the martensitic structure changed is allowed to be transformed into through stopping that 150 DEG C, which stop,
Tempered martensite reduces part internal stress；150 DEG C stop after air be cooled to room temperature, be the residual austenite allowed in workpiece
Body tissue is further transformed into martensitic structure, then carries out subzero treatment, the process of subzero treatment to the steel alloy under room temperature are as follows:
150 DEG C of heating is tempered to room temperature, obtains tempered martensite, then carry out advanced treating, that is, again the workpiece under room temperature
It is transferred to ice cell class container and carries out cooling treatment, further obtain more martensitic structures (including tempered martensite)；
Step 2 tempering first carries out 350 DEG C of isothermal temperings for the first time using martemper, it is therefore an objective to martensitic structure in workpiece be allowed to turn
Become tempered martensite, allow retained austenite structural transformation at lower bainite tissue, 400 DEG C of temperatures above of reselection are returned
Fire obtains desired tissue secondary troostite tissue, by the means of martemper, obtains secondary troostite tissue, keeps workpiece hard
Degree, toughness are up to standard, in the case that martemper is that retained austenite is without thoroughly eliminating in workpiece, select 350 DEG C of tempering, then
Select 400 DEG C or 400 DEG C or more isothermal temperings, it is therefore an objective to prevent remaining austenite structure to be transformed into tempered sorbite tissue, from
And obviously make its hardness insufficient；Step 3, surface treatment use Shot Blasting, struck, smashed with the shot below of φ 0.5
The intrinsic harmful substance of workpiece surface layer, to improve the surface toughness of workpiece, in Fig. 3, dotted line is carbon steel process for quenching
Cooling schematic diagram, solid line is the cooling schematic diagram of 65Mn steel alloy process for quenching, and 1 in Fig. 3 is single-stage quenching method, and 2 be double
Liquid quenches method, and 3 be aus-bay quenching, and 4 be isothermal hardening method, and 5 be to be bordering on isothermal hardening method.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of spring alloy steel workpiece hardening and tempering method, it the following steps are included:
Step 1 quenching, using isothermal hardening method is bordering on, is cooled down by quenching process, and quenching is at 270 DEG C for the first time
Cooling using oil hardening when above, second of quenching is to be for the third time in 270 DEG C or less air-cooled or 270 DEG C of furnace coolings of converter
Air, which is stopped again, to 150 DEG C is cooled to room temperature, finally subzero treatment again；
Step 2 tempering first carries out 270 DEG C~350 DEG C isothermal temperings for the first time using martemper, it is therefore an objective to allow in workpiece
Martensitic structure is transformed into tempered martensite, allows retained austenite structural transformation at lower bainite tissue, and 400 DEG C of reselection
Temperatures above tempering, obtains desired tissue secondary troostite tissue, by the means of martemper, obtains secondary troostite group
It knits, keeps workpiece hardness, toughness up to standard；
Step 3, surface treatment use Shot Blasting, struck with the shot below of φ 0.5, and it is intrinsic to smash workpiece surface layer
Harmful substance, to improve the surface toughness of workpiece.
2. spring alloy steel workpiece hardening and tempering method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that 150 DEG C of stops are to allow in step 1
The martensitic structure changed is transformed into tempered martensite through stopping, and reduces part internal stress；Air is cold after 150 DEG C of stops
But room temperature is arrived, is that the residual austenite body tissue in workpiece is allowed further to be transformed into martensitic structure, then to the steel alloy under room temperature
Carry out subzero treatment, the process of subzero treatment are as follows: 150 DEG C of heating is tempered to room temperature, obtains tempered martensite, then carry out depth
Degree processing, that is, the workpiece under room temperature is then transferred to ice cell class container and carries out cooling treatment, further obtain more horses
Family name's body tissue.
3. spring alloy steel workpiece hardening and tempering method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that using the work during oil hardening
Part temperature oil cooled cooling velocity V at 650 DEG C~550 DEG COilFor 150 DEG C/S, oil cooled cooling velocity VOilGreater than 65Mn
Critical cooling rate VFace, obtain uniform overcooling austenite tissue.
4. spring alloy steel workpiece hardening and tempering method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step 2 martemper be
In workpiece retained austenite without thoroughly eliminate in the case where, select 270 DEG C~350 DEG C tempering, then select 400 DEG C or 400 DEG C with
Upper isothermal tempering, it is therefore an objective to prevent remaining austenite structure to be transformed into tempered sorbite tissue, to obviously make its hardness not
Foot.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710543492.2A CN110205451A (en) | 2017-07-05 | 2017-07-05 | A kind of spring alloy steel workpiece hardening and tempering method |
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| CN201710543492.2A CN110205451A (en) | 2017-07-05 | 2017-07-05 | A kind of spring alloy steel workpiece hardening and tempering method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113430353A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-09-24 | 东台升华工具有限公司 | Heat treatment method of high-wind-pressure drilling tool down-the-hole drill bit |
| CN114921637A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-19 | 温州为尚机械有限公司 | Bearing part heat treatment method |
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| CN105970096A (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2016-09-28 | 安徽红桥金属制造有限公司 | High-strength high-toughness compression spring and preparing method thereof |
| CN106319365A (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2017-01-11 | 宁波乾豪金属制品有限公司 | Wear-resistant spring suspension |
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2017
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| EP0003367A1 (en) * | 1978-02-01 | 1979-08-08 | Union Carbide Corporation | A method for providing strong wire |
| US6537396B1 (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2003-03-25 | Ace Manufacturing & Parts Company | Cryogenic processing of springs and high cycle rate items |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113430353A (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2021-09-24 | 东台升华工具有限公司 | Heat treatment method of high-wind-pressure drilling tool down-the-hole drill bit |
| CN113430353B (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2023-08-22 | 东台升华工具有限公司 | Heat treatment method for high-wind-pressure down-the-hole drill bit of drill tool |
| CN114921637A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-19 | 温州为尚机械有限公司 | Bearing part heat treatment method |
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Application publication date: 20190906 |