CN102660713B - Sectional hardness low-alloy steel hammer head and thermal treatment method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sectional hardness low-alloy steel hammer head and a thermal treatment method thereof and belongs to the field of thermal treatment. The sectional hardness low-alloy steel hammer head comprises a mounting end and a working end, wherein the hardness HRC (Rockwell Hardness) of the mounting end of the hammer head is 37-44 and the work hardness HRC of the mounting end of the hammer head is 54-61. The thermal treatment method of the sectional hardness low-alloy steel hammer head comprises procedures of normalizing, quenching and tempering, wherein in the quenching procedure, the hammer head is fed in a thermal treatment furnace and heating to 800-880DEGC and then carrying out heat preservation; after carrying out heat preservation, quenching the work end of the hammer head into a quenching medium for cooling; and the thickness of the hammer head is 100-200mm, the heat preservation time is 4-8 hours and the heat preservation time is prolonged by one hour if the thickness of the hammer head is increased by 25mm. The work head of the sectional hardness low-alloy steel hammer head obtained by the invention is high in hardness and favorable in wear resistance; the mounting end of the sectional hardness low-alloy steel hammer head is low in hardness and favorable in impact toughness, and thus the breakage in the use process is easily avoided; and the service life of the sectional hardness low-alloy steel hammer head is 1.5-2 times that of a high manganese steel hammer head and an integral -hardness low-alloy steel hammer head.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Field of Heat-treatment, be specifically related to a kind of segmentation hardness Low-alloy Steel Hammers and heat treating method thereof.
Background technology
Tup of the present invention is the key components and parts of hammer mill, comprises working end and installation end, and installation end is provided with axis hole; Tup is arranged on the hammer axle of crusher rotor, directly hits material when crusher runs up, and finished breaking becomes suitable raw meal particle size.
The steel alloy tup that domestic and most of American-European countries produce is at present integral hardness Low-alloy Steel Hammers, tup thickness is generally 100～200mm, its main chemical compositions is: C:0.26%～0.35%, Si:0.17%～0.37%, Mn:0.5%～0.75%, P<0.03%, S < 0.03%, Cr:0.55%～0.85%, Ni:1.5%～1.8%, Mo:0.2%～0.3%, rare earth element 0.03%～0.06%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
The heat-treatment protocol of integral hardness Low-alloy Steel Hammers (tup thickness is 100～200mm) is:
A, normalizing: cold charge stove, tup stands up on drop-bottom, with 100～120 ℃/h, be warming up to 950～980 ℃ and be incubated 4～8 hours (soaking time is determined with tup thickness, the every increase of tup 25mm thickness soaking time increases by 1 hour), the insulation air cooling of coming out of the stove after finishing, makes tup air cooling to room temperature;
B, quenching: cold charge stove, tup stands up on quenching frame, with 100～120 ℃/h, be warming up to 930～950 ℃ and be incubated 4～8 hours (soaking time is determined with tup thickness, the every increase of tup 25mm thickness soaking time increases by 1 hour), after finishing, insulation comes out of the stove, fast tup is hung in water, the cool time is in 30 seconds.Tup hangs out be cooled to room temperature in water after.
C, tempering: in one hour, the tup that completes quenching is carried out to cold charge stove, stand up on drop-bottom, with 100～120 ℃/h, be warming up to 200～210 ℃ and be incubated 6～12 hours (soaking time is determined with tup thickness, the every increase of tup 25mm thickness soaking time increases by 1 hour, tempering insulation time is 1～1.5 times of Quenching Soaking Time), the insulation air cooling of coming out of the stove after finishing, makes tup air cooling to room temperature.
The tup that aforesaid method obtains is integral hardness Low-alloy Steel Hammers, integral hardness is in 48≤HRC≤53, along with the sustainable development of domestic and international automobile crusher industry, aforesaid method is produced the integral hardness Low-alloy Steel Hammers obtaining and obviously can not be met the need of market.Above-mentioned tup installation end hardness is higher to be caused tup in use to cause the heavy wear of axle and damages crusher; The wear-resisting end of tup seems, and hardness is lower, and wear resistance is good not, can not meeting the market requirement.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of Low-alloy Steel Hammers of segmentation hardness and the heat treating method of this tup.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: segmentation hardness Low-alloy Steel Hammers, comprises installation end and working end, tup installation end hardness HRC 37～44, working end hardness HRC 54～61.
The elementary composition of tup of the present invention is C:0.44%～0.58%, Si:1.0%～1.5%, Mn:0.3%～0.8%, P < 0.015%, S < 0.015%, Cr:0.8%～1.2%, Ni:0.8%～1.2%, Mo:0.3%～0.6%, V:0.1%～0.15%, Al:0.01%～0.035%, Zr:0.02%～0.04%, rare earth element: 0.1%～0.5%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
Wherein, above-mentioned tup installation end hardness HRC 39～42, working end hardness HRC 56～59.
Wherein, above-mentioned tup installation end-40 ℃ impact toughness 13～18J/cm
2, working end-40 ℃ impact toughness 5～10J/cm
2; Installation end yield strength 900～1050MPa, working end yield strength 1700～1850MPa; Installation end tensile strength 1100～1300MPa, working end tensile strength 2000～2200MPa; Installation end unit elongation 7～8.5%, working end unit elongation 2.5～4.5%.
Wherein, above-mentioned tup installation end-40 ℃ impact toughness 14～17J/cm
2, working end-40 ℃ impact toughness 6～9J/cm
2; Installation end yield strength 940～1025MPa, working end yield strength 1755～1835MPa; Installation end tensile strength 1115～1240MPa, working end tensile strength 2005～2155MPa; Installation end unit elongation 7.3～8%, working end unit elongation 3～3.8%.
The heat treating method of segmentation hardness Low-alloy Steel Hammers, comprises normalizing, quenching and tempering process, in quenching process, tup is placed in after heat treatment furnace is heated to 800～880 ℃ and is incubated, and after insulation, tup work end quenching is entered in quenchant cooling; Wherein, when tup thickness is 100～200mm, soaking time 4～8 hours, the every increase of tup thickness 25mm soaking time increases by 1 hour.
Wherein, in aforesaid method quenching process, tup is placed in after heat treatment furnace is heated to 810～850 ℃ with the speed of 70～100 ℃/h and is incubated.
Wherein, in aforesaid method tempering process, adopt low-temperaturetempering, soaking time is 45～75 hours.
Wherein, in aforesaid method tempering process, tup is placed in to heat treatment furnace and with the speed of 120～150 ℃/h, is heated to 200～250 ℃, be incubated and come out of the stove after 48～72 hours, naturally cool to room temperature.
Wherein, in aforesaid method normalizing operation, heat treatment furnace is heated to, after 200～300 ℃, tup is placed in to heat treatment furnace, with the speed of 70～100 ℃/h, be heated to 830～860 ℃ after insulation; When tup thickness is 100～200mm, soaking time 4～8 hours, the every increase of tup thickness 25mm soaking time increases by 1 hour; After insulation, tup is come out of the stove and is naturally cooled to room temperature.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention is by improving quenching process, allow whole tup step quenching, quench treatment is made in working end, installation end carries out similar normalizing treatment in air, and strictly control soaking time and temperature, make working end there is high strength and high-wearing feature and installation end has soft and high tenacity, thereby obtain a kind of Low-alloy Steel Hammers of segmentation hardness; By improving tempering process, control soaking time at 45～75 hours, improve tup overall flexibility, tup working end hardness is high, wear resistance is good, the installation end position low impelling strength of hardness is good, easy fracture not in use procedure, and be 1.5～2 times of existing high mangaenese steel tup and integral hardness Low-alloy Steel Hammers work-ing life.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Segmentation hardness Low-alloy Steel Hammers, comprises installation end and working end, tup installation end hardness HRC 37～44, working end hardness HRC 54～61.
Preferably, above-mentioned tup installation end hardness HRC 39～42, working end hardness HRC 56～59.
Preferably, above-mentioned tup installation end-40 ℃ impact toughness 13～18J/cm
2, working end-40 ℃ impact toughness 5～10J/cm
2; Installation end yield strength 900～1050MPa, working end yield strength 1700～1850MPa; Installation end tensile strength 1100～1300MPa, working end tensile strength 2000～2200MPa; Installation end unit elongation 7～8.5%, working end unit elongation 2.5～4.5%.
Preferably, above-mentioned tup installation end-40 ℃ impact toughness 14～17J/cm
2, working end-40 ℃ impact toughness 6～9J/cm
2; Installation end yield strength 940～1025MPa, working end yield strength 1755～1835MPa; Installation end tensile strength 1115～1240MPa, working end tensile strength 2005～2155MPa; Installation end unit elongation 7.3～8%, working end unit elongation 3～3.8%.
The heat treating method of segmentation hardness Low-alloy Steel Hammers, comprises normalizing, quenching and tempering process, in quenching process, tup is placed in after heat treatment furnace is heated to 800～880 ℃ and is incubated, and after insulation, tup work end quenching is entered in quenchant cooling; Wherein, when tup thickness is 100～200mm, soaking time 4～8 hours, the every increase of tup thickness 25mm soaking time increases by 1 hour.The present invention is by the mode of whole tup step quenching, makes working end have high strength and high-wearing feature and installation end has soft and high tenacity.It is foundation that quenching temperature be take the phase critical point of steel, during heating, to form tiny, uniform austenite crystal, after quenching, obtain tiny martensitic stucture, too high quenching temperature easily makes to organize coarse grains, so the present invention reduces quenching temperature to 800～880 ℃.
Preferably, in aforesaid method quenching process, tup is placed in after heat treatment furnace is heated to 810～850 ℃ with the speed of 70～100 ℃/h and is incubated.The object that the present invention reduces speed to 70～100 ℃/h of heating is to make the structural transformation of tup more steady, reduces the crackle tendency that structural transformation process is brought.
Preferably, in aforesaid method tempering process, adopt low-temperaturetempering, soaking time is 45～75 hours.The present invention adopts low-temperaturetempering, make carbon atom analyse and draw in dislocation at segregation and the excessive carbide of meta of dislocation, to the effect of dislocation nail nipping bundle, substantially remain unchanged elastic limit and yield strength of hardness after quenching and intensity obviously raise, the present invention for a long time insulation is the master operation that obtains dispersion hardening effect as final, thereby can improve the toughness of tup.
Preferably, in aforesaid method tempering process, tup is placed in to heat treatment furnace and with the speed of 120～150 ℃/h, is heated to 200～250 ℃, be incubated and come out of the stove after 48～72 hours, naturally cool to room temperature.250 ℃ of following structural transformations are comparatively stable, improve heating rate to 120～150 ℃/h and can make product reach fast the technique holding temperature of our expectation.
Preferably, in aforesaid method normalizing operation, heat treatment furnace is heated to, after 200～300 ℃, tup is placed in to heat treatment furnace, with the speed of 70～100 ℃/h, be heated to 830～860 ℃ after insulation; When tup thickness is 100～200mm, soaking time 4～8 hours, the every increase of tup thickness 25mm soaking time increases by 1 hour; After insulation, tup is come out of the stove and is naturally cooled to room temperature.Normalizing operation makes tup tissue carry out complete austenitic transformation, and crystal grain thinning also makes Carbide Uniformity, eliminates the carbide network in Wei Shi body tissue and tissue, removes the acquisition of tup internal stress and approaches equilibrium state tissue.It is the stress influence reducing in gating system removal process that the present invention adopts the object of hot charging stove (heat treatment furnace is first heated to 200～300 ℃), makes tup in heat treatment process, be difficult for cracking.The object that reduces temperature rise rate is to make the structural transformation of tup more steady, reduces the crackle tendency that structural transformation process is brought.
Below by embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is further described, but does not therefore limit the present invention among the scope of embodiment.
Embodiment mono-
The tup that casting is obtained is heat-treated, and tup is hypoeutectoid steel, as calculated its Ac3(austenite phase transformation actual temperature)=800 ℃, Ms(Ms (martensite start) point)=270 ℃, the chemical constitution of tup is: C:0.50%, Si:1.15%, Mn:0.60%, P:0.010%, S:0.004%, Cr:0.94%, Ni:1.01%, Mo:0.43%, V:0.10%, Al:0.022%, Zr:0.021%, rare earth element: 0.19%, surplus is inevitable impurity and iron Fe.Tup thickness 120mm.
Normalizing: unloaded power transmission vertically stands up tup on drop-bottom after resistance furnace is heated to 200 ℃～300 ℃, is warming up to 840 ℃ with 70 ℃/h, is incubated 5 hours, after soaking time reaches, comes out of the stove, and allows tup in air, naturally cool to room temperature.
Quench: be contained on thermal treatment suspension bracket, close upper furnace door power transmission, be warming up to 820 ℃ with 70 ℃/h, be incubated 5 hours, after soaking time reaches, come out of the stove, in 30 seconds, tup is sling and partly (working end) quench cooling in quenchant.
Tempering: product is put into heat treatment furnace, and cold charge stove is warming up to 210 ℃ with 120 ℃/h, is incubated and comes out of the stove and naturally cool to room temperature in air after 48 hours.
The segmentation hardness Low-alloy Steel Hammers of embodiment mono-preparation detects, and detected result is as follows:
Hardness (HRC): tup installation end 39; Tup working end 56; (detection method GB/T 230.1～2004)
Impelling strength (J/cm
2～40 ℃): tup installation end 15; Working end 8; (detection method GB/T229～1994)
Tensile strength (MPa): tup installation end 1230; Working end 2120; (detection method GB/T 228～2002)
Yield strength (MPa): tup installation end 950 working ends 1745; (detection method GB/T 228～2002)
Unit elongation (%): tup installation end 7.6 working ends 3 (detection method GB/T 228～2002)
Reach expection production effect.
Following examples processing step is with embodiment mono-, and thermal treatment process temperature that different is is in Table 1, and its performance test results is in Table 2.
Table 1 embodiment thermal treatment process temperature
Table 2 embodiment performance test results
Detection performance by embodiment mono-, two, three and comparative example one, two, three contrasts, the technological temperature of comparative example one (mainly make a comment or criticism fire and quenching) is during lower than the scope of the invention, because Heating temperature is inadequate, although tup organizes austenitizing to cause tup to have good mechanical property not completely, hardness value is lower can not meet tup user demand, although and comparative example two technological temperatures have been obtained slightly high hardness while requiring higher than the present invention, but owing to being that impelling strength (～40 ℃) obviously reduces, in use procedure, very easily produce fracture, and comparative example three technological temperatures are identical with embodiment mono-, but tempering insulation time is inadequate, cause the effect of dispersion hardening completely not bring into play and cause impelling strength (～40 ℃) obviously on the low side, this is unacceptable in use procedure in steel alloy, and embodiment, two, three mechanical property has all reached desired result, so technological temperature scope of design of the present invention is reasonable.
Table 3 is the performance detection data contrast of integral hardness steel alloy tup and Low-alloy Steel Hammers of the present invention.
Table 3 tup of the present invention and existing tup performance comparison
Data Comparison by upper table can be found out: 1, the installation end position hardness of integral hardness tup is higher, easily installation shaft is produced to wearing and tearing, easily causes the shutdown of equipment even to damage; 2, the hardness of the working end of integral hardness tup is lower than hardness of the present invention, and its work-ing life is inevitable lower than steel alloy tup of the present invention; 3, integral hardness tup installation end position impelling strength is lower than steel alloy tup of the present invention, and tup in use easily causes integral hardness steel alloy tup in use to rupture with the strong shock of metalliferous material.
Claims (3)
1. segmentation hardness Low-alloy Steel Hammers, comprises installation end and working end, it is characterized in that: tup installation end hardness HRC39～42, hardness HRC56～59, working end; Tup installation end-40 ℃ impact toughness 13～18J/cm
2, working end-40 ℃ impact toughness 5～10J/cm
2; Installation end yield strength 900～1050MPa, working end yield strength 1700～1850MPa; Installation end tensile strength 1100～1300MPa, working end tensile strength 2000～2200MPa; Installation end unit elongation 7～8.5%, working end unit elongation 2.5～4.5%; Wherein, the elementary composition of tup is C:0.44%～0.58%, Si:1.0%～1.5%, Mn:0.3%～0.8%, P < 0.015%, S < 0.015%, Cr:0.8%～1.2%, Ni:0.8%～1.2%, Mo:0.3%～0.6%, V:0.1%～0.15%, Al:0.01%～0.035%, Zr:0.02%～0.04%, rare earth element: 0.1%～0.5%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
2. segmentation hardness Low-alloy Steel Hammers according to claim 1, is characterized in that: tup installation end-40 ℃ impact toughness 14～17J/cm
2, working end-40 ℃ impact toughness 6～9J/cm
2; Installation end yield strength 940～1025MPa, working end yield strength 1755～1835MPa; Installation end tensile strength 1115～1240MPa, working end tensile strength 2005～2155MPa; Installation end unit elongation 7.3～8%, working end unit elongation 3～3.8%.
3. the heat treating method of segmentation hardness Low-alloy Steel Hammers, comprise normalizing, quenching and tempering process, it is characterized in that: in quenching process, tup is placed in after heat treatment furnace is heated to 810～850 ℃ with the speed of 70～100 ℃/h and is incubated, after insulation, tup work end quenching is entered in quenchant cooling; Wherein, when tup thickness is 100～200mm, soaking time 4～8 hours, the every increase of tup thickness 25mm soaking time increases by 1 hour; In tempering process, adopt low-temperaturetempering, tup is placed in to heat treatment furnace and with the speed of 120～150 ℃/h, is heated to 200～250 ℃, be incubated and come out of the stove after 48～72 hours, naturally cool to room temperature; In normalizing operation, heat treatment furnace is heated to, after 200～300 ℃, tup is placed in to heat treatment furnace, with the speed of 70～100 ℃/h, be heated to 830～860 ℃ after insulation; When tup thickness is 100～200mm, soaking time 4～8 hours, the every increase of tup thickness 25mm soaking time increases by 1 hour; After insulation, tup is come out of the stove and is naturally cooled to room temperature; Wherein, the elementary composition of tup is C:0.44%～0.58%, Si:1.0%～1.5%, Mn:0.3%～0.8%, P < 0.015%, S < 0.015%, Cr:0.8%～1.2%, Ni:0.8%～1.2%, Mo:0.3%～0.6%, V:0.1%～0.15%, Al:0.01%～0.035%, Zr:0.02%～0.04%, rare earth element: 0.1%～0.5%, surplus is iron and inevitable impurity.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103233104B (en) * | 2013-05-02 | 2014-11-05 | 河北科技大学 | Quenching self-tempering special device and process for octagon hammer head |
| CN103436686B (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2014-11-05 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Tempering technology of G18CrMo2-6 steel |
| CN109112284B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2020-02-14 | 魏大明 | Production manufacturing process for realizing step hardness of alloy steel hammer head |
| CN107354465A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-11-17 | 江苏军威电子科技有限公司 | A kind of high intensity hammer head processing technology |
| CN110923431A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-03-27 | 宁波铭汇金属科技有限公司 | Heat treatment method of hammer head steel casting |
| CN113462870A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-10-01 | 重庆欣天利智能重工有限公司 | Drill rod quenching heat treatment process |
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