CN110204312A - 一种镍铁渣陶粒的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种镍铁渣陶粒的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110204312A
CN110204312A CN201910556548.7A CN201910556548A CN110204312A CN 110204312 A CN110204312 A CN 110204312A CN 201910556548 A CN201910556548 A CN 201910556548A CN 110204312 A CN110204312 A CN 110204312A
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ferronickel
haydite
waste residue
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calcined magnesia
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张志远
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Zhejiang Saishi Science And Technology Co Ltd
Jiangsu Saiqing Technology Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Saishi Science And Technology Co Ltd
Jiangsu Saiqing Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种镍铁渣陶粒的制备方法，将镍铁渣破碎、粉磨过筛，将镍铁渣粉使用强磁干选设备将合金从废渣中提取出来，得到镍铁合金和废渣，将废渣与一定量的轻烧氧化镁、煤粉、碳化硅混合，加入硅酸钠溶液搅拌均匀，之后使用成球盘或者挤压成型机造粒，自然晾干或者烘干后，即为陶粒球坯体，为使其具有好的耐火性能，物料配比应满足(摩尔比)：MgO/SiO2＝1.8:2.2。该比例通过，轻烧氧化镁和硅酸钠溶液的添加量来调配。

Description

一种镍铁渣陶粒的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及固体废弃物处理与资源化领域，尤其涉及一种镍铁渣陶粒的制备方法。
背景技术
镍铁渣是还原提取镍和部分铁后水淬急冷产生的工业废渣。大量电炉冶炼镍铁渣的堆置和填埋，不仅占用土地、污染环境，还给镍铁冶炼的可持续发展带来严峻挑战。国内回收较多的镍铁渣是转炉渣，转炉渣多呈块状，里边包含大小不均的镍铁合金颗粒。如果能够成功的回收这部分合金颗粒，带来的经济利润是十分可观的。
目前，镍铁渣的综合利用的研究主要集中于研究其在水泥、混凝土、微晶玻璃、无机聚合物等生产方面的应用。在镍铁渣中金属回收方面研究较少，原因在于镍铁渣中可回收有价金属较少，分选成本高。因此，开发一种高掺杂量、低成本的镍铁渣资源化利用方法，实现了镍铁渣的全部回收利用，减少对环境的危害，能够解决目前镍铁冶炼过程的无害化，真正做到“无废料、无尾矿、无公害”。
陶粒是为了适应现代化建筑轻型化、高性能化的需要而被世界各国普遍开发应用的新型混凝土轻骨料，具有优异的性能，如密度低、筒压强度高、孔隙率高，软化系数高、抗冻性良好、抗碱集料反应性优异。由于陶粒密度小，内部多孔，形态、成分较均一且具一定强度和坚固性，因而具有质轻、耐腐蚀、抗冻、抗震和良好的隔绝性等多功能特点。它代替重量质砂石，可广泛应用于保温用轻集料、结构保温用轻集料和结构型轻集料，应用领域十分广泛。
目前，陶粒生产基本上都是以各类淤泥、粉煤灰、工业废弃物、尾矿渣等废弃物为主要基料，但是，生产过程中仍需掺加大量的黏土、页岩等活性物质，废弃物掺量低于80％。镍铁渣主要化学组成有：SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3、CaO、FeO、MgO等，符合陶粒的烧制的基本成分要求，通过调配陶粒配方，可以制备以镁尖晶石和镁橄榄石为主要成分的陶粒，这种陶粒具有优良的耐火性能和高强度，是性质优良的陶粒产品，同时，能够解决镍铁渣大量堆积的问题。
发明内容
本发明目的是解决现有镍铁渣资源化过程中存在的活性较低、资源化效率低等缺点，提供一种镍铁渣陶粒的制备方法。通过将镍铁渣粉磨，将镍铁合金与废渣解离，通过磁选将有价金属选出，之后，利用无机非金属成分为主要原料，通过少量的添加剂，制备耐火高强的优质陶粒产品。此外，由于镍铁渣中主要成分为尖晶石和镁橄榄石，具有优良的耐火性能，因此，通过合理的调配陶粒烧结配方，可以制备具有耐火性能的高强陶粒。
本发明解决技术问题采用如下技术方案：
(1)原料预处理：将所述镍铁渣破碎、粉磨过200目筛；该步骤的主要目的在于将镍铁合金和废渣分开，便于后续分离。
(2)将步骤(1)所得的镍铁渣粉使用干式强磁干选设备分选处理，利用镍铁合金具有弱磁性的特点，利用强磁选机可以将合金从废渣中提取出来。得到镍铁合金和废渣。
(3)陶粒制备：①配料成球：将步骤(2)所得废渣，与一定量的轻烧氧化镁、煤粉、碳化硅混合，加入硅酸钠溶液搅拌均匀，之后使用成球盘或者挤压成型机造粒，自然晾干或者烘干后，即为陶粒球坯体；②烧结：将步骤2所得的陶粒球在400-500℃预热不少于10分钟，之后采用梯度升温方式，以10-20℃/min的梯度升温速度，快速将预热好的坯料球升至1100-1250℃，保持5-30min，冷却即得陶粒成品。
上述陶粒，成分制备中，包括以重量份计：镍铁渣80-93％，辅助成型剂4.5～10％，内燃剂2.3～10％，发泡剂0.2-1％。
上述辅助成型使用镁水泥，内燃剂使用煤粉，发泡剂采用碳化硅。
上述陶粒，为使其具有好的耐火性能，物料配比应满足(摩尔比)：MgO/SiO2＝1.8-2.2。该比例通过，轻烧氧化镁和硅酸钠溶液的添加量来调配。
本发明具有如下有益效果：
本发明提供的一种镍铁渣陶粒的制备方法，能够回收镍铁渣中的镍铁合金，同时，利用分选后的废渣制备以镁橄榄石为主的耐火高强陶粒，其中粉磨同时是镍铁渣磁选和陶粒原料制备的共同步骤，能节省能耗和工序，降低成本，很大程度得提升了镍铁渣的资源化效率和经济效益，能够解决了镍铁渣的资源化问题，又可为社会提供由于材料，变废为宝。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)原料预处理：将所述镍铁渣破碎、粉磨过200目筛；该步骤的主要目的在于将镍铁合金和废渣分开，便于后续分离。
(2)将步骤(1)所得的镍铁渣粉使用干式强磁干选设备分选处理，利用镍铁合金具有弱磁性的特点，利用强磁选机可以将合金从废渣中提取出来。得到镍铁合金和废渣。
(3)陶粒制备：①配料成球：将步骤(2)所得废渣，与与一定量的轻烧氧化镁、煤粉、碳化硅混合，加入硅酸钠溶液混合，使用成球盘或者挤压成型机造粒，自然晾干或者烘干即为陶粒球坯体；②烧结：将步骤2所得的陶粒球在400-500℃预热不少于10分钟，之后采用梯度升温方式，以10-20℃/min的梯度升温速度，快速将预热好的坯料球升至1100-1250℃，保持5-30min，冷却即得陶粒成品。
上述陶粒，成分制备中，包括以重量份计：镍铁渣80-93％，辅助成型剂4.5～10％，内燃剂2.3～10％，发泡剂0.2-1％。
上述辅助成型使用轻烧氧化镁和硅酸钠，内燃剂使用煤粉，发泡剂采用碳化硅。
上述陶粒，为使其具有好的耐火性能，物料配比应满足(摩尔比)：MgO/SiO2＝1.8：2.2。该比例通过轻烧氧化镁和硅酸钠的添加量来调配，另外，本申请陶粒的耐火性能是因为调节轻烧氧化镁和硅酸钠的添加量使添加的镁/硅摩尔比为1.8:2.2，其生产的陶粒防火性更好。
上述原料中，镁水泥仅能够起到粘接成型的作用，有助于陶粒球坯体的制作，还能够在烧结中与料球中的二氧化硅反应，生成耐火相镁橄榄石；内燃剂有助降低陶粒的烧胀温度，碳化硅高温下氧化生成二氧化硅和二氧化碳，其氧化温度为800-1140℃，在陶粒球熔融状态下，其氧化过程释放的二氧化碳可以使得陶粒膨胀，形成密度较轻的陶粒。
实施例2
(1)原料预处理：将所述镍铁渣10kg破碎、粉磨过200目筛使镍铁合金和废渣分开，便于后续分离。所述镍铁渣成分如下表所示：
表1镍铁渣主要成分表
名称 SiO<sub>2</sub> Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> FeO CaO MgO NiO
镍铁渣 32.21 5.78 15.14 8.2 36.36 0.35
(2)将步骤(1)所得的镍铁渣粉使用干式强磁干选设备分选处理，得到镍铁合金精选粉0.5kg和废渣9.5kg。
(3)陶粒制备：①配料成球：将步骤(2)所得废渣，与475g轻烧氧化镁、煤粉500g、碳化硅50g混合，加入硅酸钠溶液400g，并补充700g水，之后使用成球盘造粒，即为陶粒球坯体；②烧结：将步骤2所得的陶粒球在室温氧化一天，之后在450℃预热不少于10分钟，之后采用梯度升温方式，以15℃/min的梯度升温速度，快速将预热好的坯料球升至1200℃，保持20min，冷却即得陶粒成品。
经测试，陶粒堆积密度为810kg/m3，筒压强度6.6MPa，符合高强陶粒的要求。
可以从实施例和对比例中看出，所述镍铁渣陶粒具有废弃物掺杂量高、易于生产和调配等优点，解决了镍铁渣的处理问题。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种镍铁渣陶粒的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)将镍铁渣破碎、粉磨过筛，将镍铁渣粉使用强磁干选设备将合金从废渣中提取出来，得到镍铁合金和废渣；
(2)陶粒制备：①配料成球：将废渣与一定量的轻烧氧化镁、煤粉、碳化硅混合，加入硅酸钠溶液搅拌均匀，之后使用成球盘或者挤压成型机造粒，自然晾干或者烘干后，即为陶粒球坯体；②烧结：将步骤①所得的陶粒球在400～500℃预热不少于10分钟，之后采用梯度升温方式，以10～20℃/min的梯度升温速度，快速将预热好的坯料球升至1100～1250℃，保持5～30min，冷却即得陶粒成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述陶粒以重量份计各组分为：镍铁渣80～93％，辅助成型剂4.5～10％，内燃剂2.3～10％，发泡剂0.2～1％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述辅助成型为镁水泥，内燃剂为煤粉，发泡剂为碳化硅。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述陶粒组分中镁/硅摩尔比为1.8:2.2。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，调节轻烧氧化镁和硅酸钠的添加量使添加的镁/硅摩尔比为1.8:2.2。
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