CN110203023A - A kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system - Google Patents
A kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110203023A CN110203023A CN201910505952.1A CN201910505952A CN110203023A CN 110203023 A CN110203023 A CN 110203023A CN 201910505952 A CN201910505952 A CN 201910505952A CN 110203023 A CN110203023 A CN 110203023A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- wheel
- module
- parameter
- self
- mcu
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000386 athletic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 101000844751 Metallosphaera cuprina (strain Ar-4) DNA-binding protein 7 Proteins 0.000 description 9
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241001269238 Data Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010039203 Road traffic accident Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013528 artificial neural network Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
- B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
- B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
- B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
- B60C23/041—Means for supplying power to the signal- transmitting means on the wheel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
- B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
- B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
- B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
- B60C23/0422—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver characterised by the type of signal transmission means
- B60C23/0433—Radio signals
- B60C23/0447—Wheel or tyre mounted circuits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
- B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
- B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
- B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver
- B60C23/0479—Communicating with external units being not part of the vehicle, e.g. tools for diagnostic, mobile phones, electronic keys or service stations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
- B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
- B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
- B60C23/0486—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre comprising additional sensors in the wheel or tyre mounted monitoring device, e.g. movement sensors, microphones or earth magnetic field sensors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/006—Structural association of a motor or generator with the drive train of a motor vehicle
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring systems, including sequentially connected wheel condition monitoring unit, middle control unit and remote monitoring unit；The wheel condition monitoring unit includes self-generating device, three phase full bridge rectification module, the first DC/DC module, tire temperature monitoring modular, tire pressure monitoring module, wheel-sensors module, wheel MCU and radio frequency transmitter；The middle control unit includes vehicle power supply, the 2nd DC/DC module, wireless RF receivers, cab signal display alarm module, middle control MCU and 4G wireless remote module；The remote monitoring unit includes data penetration transmission cloud platform and remote monitoring center；The data penetration transmission cloud platform carries out two-way communication by virtual serial port and the remote monitoring center；The present invention solves the powerup issue of each detection module by the way that self-generating device is arranged, while effectively being monitored to automotive wheel motion state.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vehicle wheels security performance detection technique field more particularly to a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels
Condition monitoring system.
Background technique
With China's economic society sustained and rapid development, vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity continues to keep rapid growth situation.According to public security
Portion's statistics, by December, 2018, national vehicle guaranteeding organic quantity will increase by 15,560,000 up to 3.25 hundred million compared with the end of the year 2017；
Vehicle driver will increase by 22,360,000 people up to 4.07 hundred million people compared with the end of the year 2017.While vehicles number rapid growth
It causes Road Safety Status more and more severeer, is shown according to national security supervision general bureau, the report of Department of Transportation's current research,
Although road traffic accident range of decrease in China's is obvious in recent years, still high-incidence, the annual transportation incident total amount in China still occupies height
Position, accident rise number, death toll account for about the 70% and 80% of national total amount respectively, this make motor vehicle operational safety situation by
More and more extensive concern.
Currently, an important important means of national management motor vehicles is to implement mandatory periodical safety to motor vehicles
Detection, but regular safety check project fails to reflect real conditions when motor vehicle is run comprehensively, in real time, and there are certain
Limitation.Carrying out initiative motor vehicle operational safety status monitoring is to guarantee one of the important means of motor vehicle safe drive,
It is one of the trend of motor vehicle operational safety detection technique development.
Wheel is the motor vehicle unique component with ground face contact in the process of moving, undertake carload, driving, braking,
The functions such as steering are most important to the safety traffic of motor vehicle.In vehicle travel process, wheel movement posture, wheel load,
The parameters such as wheel braking performance are dynamic changes, in the process of moving can be affected by various factors, but its variable quantity must not
And know, the deviation of index in normal range (NR) may be not easy to cause note that fail to take corresponding precautionary measures in time, and one
Denier parameter drift-out safety index, or even bearing function is lost, threat to life safety may occur at any time in the process of moving for vehicle
Traffic accident.Monitoring wheel security performance parameter can really, dynamically reflect the safe operation of vehicle in the process of moving
State, real-time monitoring vehicle wheels state have important practical significance.
Currently, wheel MAP monitoring technology is in the starting stage, domestic and foreign scholars have achieved some progress:
A kind of method that Warker C.E. et al. (2001) proposes monitoring tire condition during motor-driven vehicle going, and devise corresponding
System, by installing tangential, lateral, radial three directional acceleration sensors on tire, wirelessly by controller
Distally reception device sends Real-time Monitoring Data, after data processing and resolving, it may be determined that position of the tire relative to vehicle body
Information and performance data.In addition, Renato C etc. (2005) installs sensor module detection on tire inner surface or its wheel rim
Tire pressure, temperature and number of revolutions, and in addition accelerated using extension meter measurement tyre surface striped interior surface curvature and deformation
Degree meter measurement tyre surface bears to accelerate intensity；Camera shooting calibration and posture evaluation and test are applied and are adjusted in wheel by (2006) scholar such as Park
In system, image coordinate is calculated by a kind of coordinate matching algorithm and match sequence with object coordinates, carry out non-interactive type calibrate with
Posture evaluation and test.South China Science & Engineering University's woods grain husk etc. proposed that measuring vehicle indirectly by tire rotational speed, pressure and other parameters carries in 2006
Lotus measures car load using tire pressure indirectly, and principle is that tire before and after load or unload is obtained using neural network algorithm
The mapping relations of changing value and load are pressed, complete lorry loading and itself load-carrying when unloading directly in driver's cabin to realize
It weighs in real time.These researchs provide building wheel condition monitoring system new approaches and new method, but do not propose that wheel condition is examined
Survey the powering solution of module, and not further analyzing three-dimensional acceleration, wheel three-dimensional angular velocity and wheel dimensionally magnetic strength
Degree and the relationship with wheel movement state mostly use single-point to detect when detecting tyre temperature, fail comprehensive real-time detection tire
The temperature of surrounding.
Wheel condition monitoring modular need to do synchronous circular motion together with wheel, thus the motion state of real-time perception wheel
Information.Existing wheel condition detection module generallys use dry cell or lithium battery power supply, and dry cell has certain service life,
Lithium battery equally need to periodically charge, and otherwise detection module can not work normally, and dry cell or lithium battery are not suitable for as vehicle
Take turns the long-term power supply of state detection module；In addition, dry cell and lithium electricity make high speed circular motion with wheel, longtime running is deposited
Getting rid of de- risk, gently then detection module caused to can not work normally, it is heavy then to vehicle operation bring security risk.In addition, carrying out
When wheel condition monitors, only analyzes wheel three-dimensional acceleration and be difficult to measure the operating status of wheel comprehensively；When wheel condition exception,
It can intuitively show that tire pressure can be monitored with single-point from tire pressure and tire temperature, but single-point detection tire temperature is difficult to measure tire comprehensively
The real time temperature state and temperature rise rate of surrounding.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels safety is provided
Dynamic detection system, solves the long-term powerup issue of wheel condition detection module, while realizing complete detection tire surrounding
Real time temperature state and temperature rise rate.
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical solution of the present invention is accomplished by a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels status monitoring
System, including sequentially connected wheel condition monitoring unit, middle control unit and remote monitoring unit；
The wheel condition monitoring unit includes self-generating device, three phase full bridge rectification module, the first DC/DC module, tire
Warm monitoring modular, tire pressure monitoring module, wheel-sensors module, wheel MCU and radio frequency transmitter；The spontaneous Denso
It sets, three phase full bridge rectification module and the first DC/DC module are sequentially connected；The first DC/DC module and the tire temperature monitor
Module, tire pressure monitoring module, wheel-sensors module, wheel MCU are connected with radio frequency transmitter；The wheel MCU with it is described
Tire temperature monitoring modular, tire pressure monitoring module are connected with wheel-sensors module；The wheel MCU and the radio frequency transmitter connect
It connects；
The tire temperature monitoring modular is for monitoring tire temperature and temperature rise rate；The tire pressure monitoring module is for monitoring tire pressure；
The wheel-sensors module includes three axis accelerometer, three-axis gyroscope, three axis magnetic induction instrument；The three axis accelerometer is used for
Perceive wheel three-dimensional acceleration；The three-axis gyroscope is for perceiving wheel three-dimensional angular velocity；The three axis magnetic induction instrument is used for
Perceive wheel three-dimensional absolute force；
The self-generating device generates three-phase alternating current, after the rectification of three phase full bridge rectification module, is input to the first DC/DC
Module is filtered, after pressure stabilizing, is tire temperature monitoring modular, tire pressure monitoring module, wheel-sensors module, wheel MCU and wireless
Radiofrequency launcher provides working power；
The middle control unit includes vehicle power supply, the 2nd DC/DC module, wireless RF receivers, cab signal display report
Alert module, middle control MCU and 4G wireless remote module；The vehicle power supply is connect with the 2nd DC/DC module；Described second
DC/DC module and the wireless RF receivers, cab signal show alarm module, middle control MCU and 4G wireless remote module
Connection；The middle control MCU shows that alarm module is connect with the wireless RF receivers, cab signal；The less radio-frequency connects
Device is received to connect with the radio frequency transmitter；The middle control MCU is carried out by serial ports with the 4G wireless remote module two-way
Communication；The vehicle power supply is the wireless RF receivers, cab signal display alarm module, middle control MCU and 4G is wireless
Far module provides working power；
The remote monitoring unit includes data penetration transmission cloud platform and remote monitoring center；The data penetration transmission cloud platform is logical
It crosses virtual serial port and the remote monitoring center carries out two-way communication；
The tire temperature and temperature rise rate that monitor are transferred to wheel MCU, the tire pressure monitoring mould by the tire temperature monitoring modular
The tire pressure monitored is transferred to wheel MCU by block, and the wheel-sensors module is by the wheel three-dimensional acceleration parameter monitored, vehicle
Wheel three-dimensional angular velocity parameter and wheel three-dimensional absolute force parameter are transferred to wheel MCU；The temperature that the wheel MCU will be received
Degree, temperature rise rate, tire pressure, wheel three-dimensional acceleration parameter, wheel three-dimensional angular velocity parameter and wheel three-dimensional absolute force parameter letter
Number pass sequentially through radio frequency transmitter, wireless RF receivers are transferred to middle control MCU, the letter that the middle control MCU will be received
Number is uploaded to internet by serial ports and 4G wireless remote module, and the data penetration transmission cloud platform is led to internet
Then the signal data received is sent to by letter, the signal data that real-time reception the Internet transmission comes by virtual serial port
Remote monitoring center carries out convergence analysis, if analysis result deviates setting value, generates pre-warning signal, the pre-warning signal is successively
Middle control MCU is sent back to by virtual serial port, data penetration transmission cloud platform, internet, 4G wireless remote module and serial ports, finally reaches vehicle
Interior signal shows alarm module, issues early warning to driver.
Preferably, the remote monitoring center utilizes wheel three-dimensional acceleration parameter, wheel three-dimensional angular velocity parameter and vehicle
It takes turns three-dimensional absolute force parameter and calculates acquisition wheel movement attitude parameter；The remote monitoring center is believed using wheel acceleration
Number, wheel braking parameter is obtained through signal processing；
The remote monitoring center utilizes wheel movement attitude parameter, wheel braking parameter and tire pressure, temperature, temperature rise
Rate parameter carries out data fusion analysis, obtains the variation tendency of wheel security performance；
When the variation tendency of the wheel movement attitude parameter, wheel braking parameter and wheel security performance deviates setting
When value, pre-warning signal is returned to interior middle control MCU through the internet 4G and wireless telecommunication module, is then communicated to interior letter
Number display alarm module, to driver issue early warning.
Preferably, the wheel three-dimensional acceleration parameter includes: wheel tangential acceleration, side acceleration and to cadion-acceleration
Degree.
Preferably, the wheel three-dimensional angular velocity parameter includes: wheel roll velocity, angular velocity of rotation and course angle speed
Degree.
Preferably, the wheel movement attitude parameter includes: wheel angle of heel, wheel rotation angle, wheel course angle, wheel
Vertical acceleration, wheel three-dimensional acceleration and wheel three-dimensional angular velocity.
Preferably, the wheel braking parameter includes: that wheel braking deceleration and left and right wheels braking deceleration balance
Unequal degree.
Preferably, the self-generating device is installed on automotive hub center, the self-generating device include permanent magnet magnetic axis,
Threephase armature winding, self-generating device shell and connector；Permanent magnet magnetic axis both ends are equipped with magnetic axis bias iron block；It is described
Self-generating device shell is fixedly connected by connector with hub centre；There are two being fixedly connected on the self-generating device shell
Ball spring bearing；Described two ball spring bearings are connect with permanent magnet magnetic axis both ends respectively；The threephase armature around
Group is fixed on the self-generating device shell, the threephase armature winding use nine pole three-phase structures, the threephase armature around
Group moves in a circle with the wheel hub, when the threephase armature winding rotates together with the wheel hub, the three-phase electricity
Pivot winding cuts permanent magnet magnetic induction line, generates three-phase alternating current.
Preferably, the permanent magnet magnetic axis does not do circumference with wheel under the effect of gravity naturally downward using eccentric structure
Movement.
Preferably, the tire temperature monitoring modular includes several temperature sensors, several described temperature sensors are along vehicle
Tire is divided into 60 ° between temperature sensor described in circumferential setting and every two.
Beneficial effect
Compared with prior art, what the present invention obtained has the beneficial effect that
1, the powerup issue for solving monitoring modular on wheel rotary body replaces traditional dry cell using self-powered technology
Or lithium battery power supply, (travel speed is greater than 25km/h) can guarantee that monitoring modular works normally when motor racing, normal monitoring
The motion state of wheel.
2, wheel movement posture, tire pressure, temperature, temperature rise rate, wheel security performance is obtained based on combination sensor to become
The parameter informations such as change trend, it is more comprehensive, scientifical than in the past, it can really, dynamically reflect that wheel is safely operated state.
3,6 temperature sensors (measuring point spacing is 60 degree), real-time monitoring tire complete cycle temperature are evenly arranged on the inside of tire
Degree state and temperature rise rate, can measure the state of temperature of tire comprehensively, and the variation of temperature is the process of a gradual change, comprehensive monitoring
Wheel complete cycle temperature and temperature rise rate, when temperature or temperature rise rate exception, can issue early warning in advance.
4, the visual datas such as tire temperature, tire pressure take the mode of directly displaying, and issue alarm signal, Qi Tazhuan when deviateing normal value
State data are analyzed in remote back-office, are not accounted for wheel condition monitoring system MCU resource, can be promoted MCU efficiency, analysis result is through remote
Journey wireless communication module and internet return to interior middle control MCU, and go out pre-warning signal to driver.
5, wheel is the unique component with ground face contact while the car is driving, is that first of vehicle safety travel is anti-
Line, comprehensive monitoring wheel movement state parameter can really, dynamically reflect the safe operation state of wheel in the process of moving.
6, the Long-range links platform for establishing vehicle and remote monitoring center constructs a complete wheel condition monitoring system
System, and the data-interface of standard is provided, related measurement data is for related supervision department with reference to application.
7,4G communication being used with the communication of remote monitoring center, maximum data transfer rate is more than 100Mbps,
This rate is 50 times of 10,000 times and 3G mobile phone rates of mobile telephone data transmission rate, substantially increases data
The real-time of transmission.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of functional block diagram of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system of the invention；
Fig. 2 is a kind of principle of the wheel condition monitoring unit of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system of the invention
Block diagram；
Fig. 3 is the hollow unit and remote monitoring unit of a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system of the invention
Functional block diagram；
Fig. 4 is the measuring point and module scheme of installation of a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system of the invention；
Fig. 5 is measuring point and the self-generating device signal of a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system of the invention
Figure.
Technical characteristic corresponding to label in attached drawing are as follows: 1- wheel, 11- tire, 12- wheel hub, 2- wheel-sensors module,
3- self-generating device, 31- permanent magnet magnetic axis, 32- threephase armature winding, 33- magnetic axis bias iron block, 34- ball spring bearing,
35- self-generating device shell, 36- connector, the first DC/DC module of 4-, 5- tire pressure monitoring module, 6- tire temperature monitoring point, in 7-
MCU, 8-4G wireless remote module are controlled, 9- cab signal shows alarm module.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system, including the monitoring of sequentially connected wheel condition
Unit, middle control unit and remote monitoring unit；
As shown in Fig. 2, the wheel condition monitoring unit includes self-generating device 3, three phase full bridge rectification module, first
(DC/DC is that a kind of power supply of electric energy that the electric energy of a voltage value is become to another voltage value in DC circuit is opened to DC/DC
Close module) module 4, tire temperature monitoring modular, tire pressure monitoring module 5, wheel-sensors module 2, wheel MCU
((Microcontroller Unit；MCU), also known as one chip microcomputer or single-chip microcontroller) and radio frequency transmitter；
The self-generating device, three phase full bridge rectification module and the first DC/DC module 4 are sequentially connected；The first DC/DC module 4
It is connect with the tire temperature monitoring modular, tire pressure monitoring module 5, wheel-sensors module 2, wheel MCU and radio frequency transmitter；Institute
Wheel MCU is stated to connect with the tire temperature monitoring modular, tire pressure monitoring module 5 and wheel-sensors module 2；The wheel MCU and institute
State radio frequency transmitter connection；
As shown in figure 4, the tire temperature monitoring modular is for monitoring tire temperature and temperature rise rate；The tire temperature monitoring modular includes
A temperature sensor is arranged on each monitoring point for 6 tire temperature monitoring points 6, several described temperature sensors are along tire in week
To being divided into 60 ° between temperature sensor described in setting and every two；Real-time monitoring tire complete cycle state of temperature and temperature rise rate, can be with
The state of temperature of tire is measured comprehensively, and the variation of temperature is the process of a gradual change, comprehensive monitoring wheel complete cycle temperature and temperature rise
Early warning can be issued in advance when rate, temperature or temperature rise rate exception.
As shown in figure 4, the tire pressure monitoring module 5 is for monitoring tire pressure；
The wheel-sensors module 2 includes three axis accelerometer, three-axis gyroscope, three axis magnetic induction instrument；Three axis adds
Speedometer is for perceiving wheel three-dimensional acceleration；The three-axis gyroscope is for perceiving wheel three-dimensional angular velocity；The three axis magnetic
Inductance gauge is for perceiving wheel three-dimensional absolute force；
This system is based on combination sensor and obtains wheel movement posture, tire pressure, temperature, temperature rise rate, wheel safety
The parameter informations such as energy variation tendency, it is more comprehensive, scientifical than in the past, it can really, dynamically reflect that wheel is safely operated state.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, the motor vehicle is equipped with wheel 1, and the wheel is equipped with tire 11 and wheel hub 12；
The self-generating device 3 is installed on 12 center of automotive hub, the self-generating device 3 include permanent magnet magnetic axis 31,
Threephase armature winding 32, self-generating device shell 35 and connector 36；It is eccentric that 31 both ends of permanent magnet magnetic axis are equipped with magnetic axis
Iron block 33；The permanent magnet magnetic axis 31 is not moved in a circle using eccentric structure with wheel under the effect of gravity naturally downward.
As shown in figure 5, the self-generating device shell 35 is fixedly connected by connector 36 with 12 center of wheel hub；It is described from
Ball spring bearing 34 there are two being fixedly connected on power generator shell 35；Described two ball spring bearings 34 respectively with it is described
The connection of 31 both ends of permanent magnet magnetic axis；The threephase armature winding 32 is fixed on the self-generating device shell 35, the three-phase
Armature winding 32 uses nine pole three-phase structures, and the threephase armature winding 32 moves in a circle with the wheel hub 12, works as institute
When stating threephase armature winding 32 and rotating together with the wheel hub 12, the threephase armature winding 32 cuts permanent magnet magnetic induction line, produces
Raw three-phase alternating current is input to the first DC/DC module and is filtered, after pressure stabilizing after the rectification of three phase full bridge rectification module, is tire
Warm monitoring modular, tire pressure monitoring module, wheel-sensors module, wheel MCU and radio frequency transmitter provide working power.
This system solves the powerup issue of each monitoring modular on wheel rotary body by the way that self-generating device is arranged, using certainly
Generation technology, replaces traditional dry cell or lithium battery power supply, and (travel speed is greater than 25km/h) is certifiable when motor racing
Each monitoring modular works normally, the normal motion state for monitoring wheel.
Wheel is the unique component with ground face contact while the car is driving, is that first of vehicle safety travel is anti-
Line, comprehensive monitoring wheel movement state parameter can really, dynamically reflect the safe operation state of wheel in the process of moving.
As shown in figure 3, the middle control unit includes vehicle power supply, the 2nd DC/DC module, wireless RF receivers, car
Signal shows alarm module 9, middle control MCU7 and 4G wireless remote module 8；The vehicle power supply and the 2nd DC/DC module
Connection；The 2nd DC/DC module and the wireless RF receivers, cab signal show alarm module 9, middle control MCU7 and
4G wireless remote module 8 connects；The middle control MCU7 and the wireless RF receivers, cab signal show that alarm module 9 connects
It connects；The wireless RF receivers are connect with the radio frequency transmitter；The middle control MCU7 by serial ports and the 4G without
Line far module 8 carries out two-way communication；The vehicle power supply is the wireless RF receivers, cab signal display alarm module
9, middle control MCU7 and 4G wireless remote module 8 provide working power；
As shown in figure 3, the remote monitoring unit includes data penetration transmission cloud platform and remote monitoring center；The data are saturating
It passes cloud platform and two-way communication is carried out by virtual serial port and the remote monitoring center；
The Long-range links platform for establishing vehicle and remote monitoring center constructs a complete wheel condition monitoring system
System, and the data-interface of standard is provided, related measurement data is for related supervision department with reference to application.
The data penetration transmission cloud platform is communicated by internet with the 4G wireless remote module 8；This system uses
4G communication, maximum data transfer rate is more than 100Mbps, this rate is mobile telephone data transmission rate
50 times of 10000 times and 3G mobile phone rates substantially increase the real-time of data transmission.
The visual datas such as the tire temperature of this system, tire pressure take the mode of directly displaying, and issue alarm signal when deviateing normal value,
Other status datas are analyzed in remote back-office, do not account for wheel condition monitoring system MCU resource, can promote MCU efficiency, analysis knot
Fruit returns to interior middle control MCU through remote wireless communication module and internet, and goes out pre-warning signal to driver.
The remote monitoring center utilizes wheel three-dimensional acceleration parameter, wheel three-dimensional angular velocity parameter and wheel dimensionally
Magnetic intensity parameter, which calculates, obtains wheel movement attitude parameter；The wheel movement attitude parameter includes: wheel angle of heel, wheel rotation
Corner, wheel course angle, wheel vertical acceleration, wheel three-dimensional acceleration and wheel three-dimensional angular velocity；Wheel three-dimensional acceleration
Parameter includes: wheel tangential acceleration, side acceleration and centripetal acceleration.Wheel three-dimensional angular velocity parameter includes: wheel side
Inclination angle speed, angular velocity of rotation and course angular speed.
The remote monitoring center utilizes wheel acceleration signal, obtains wheel braking parameter through signal processing；The vehicle
Wheel brake parameters include: the unequal degree of wheel braking deceleration and left and right wheels braking deceleration balance.
The remote monitoring center utilizes wheel movement attitude parameter, wheel braking parameter and tire pressure, temperature, temperature rise
Rate parameter carries out data fusion analysis, obtains the variation tendency of wheel security performance；
When the variation tendency of the wheel movement attitude parameter, wheel braking parameter and wheel security performance deviates setting
When value, pre-warning signal is returned to interior middle control MCU through the internet 4G and wireless telecommunication module, is then communicated to interior letter
Number display alarm module, to driver issue early warning.
The working principle of this system is described below in detail:
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, the tire temperature and temperature rise rate that monitor are transferred to wheel MCU by the tire temperature monitoring modular,
The tire pressure monitored is transferred to wheel MCU, the wheel that the wheel-sensors module 2 will monitor by the tire pressure monitoring module 5
Three-dimensional acceleration parameter, wheel three-dimensional angular velocity parameter and wheel three-dimensional absolute force parameter are transferred to wheel MCU；The wheel
MCU is three-dimensional by the temperature received, temperature rise rate, tire pressure, wheel three-dimensional acceleration parameter, wheel three-dimensional angular velocity parameter and wheel
Absolute force parameter signal passes sequentially through radio frequency transmitter and wireless RF receivers are transferred to middle control MCU7, wherein tire pressure
Cab signal, which is sent to, after controlling MCU7 processing in the intuitive signal data such as tire temperature shows alarm module 9, the middle control
The signal data received is uploaded to internet by serial ports and 4G wireless remote module 8 by MCU7, and the data penetration transmission cloud is flat
Platform is communicated with internet, then the signal data that real-time reception the Internet transmission comes leads to the signal data received
It crosses virtual serial port and is sent to remote monitoring center progress convergence analysis, if generating pre-warning signal when analysis result deviates setting value,
The pre-warning signal passes sequentially through during virtual serial port, data penetration transmission cloud platform, internet, 4G wireless remote module and serial ports send back to
MCU7 is controlled, cab signal is finally reached and shows alarm module 9, issues early warning to driver；
The above, the only specific embodiment of the application, but the protection scope of the application is not limited thereto, it is any
Change or replacement within the technical scope of the present application should all be covered within the scope of protection of this application.Therefore, this Shen
Protection scope please should be subject to the protection scope in claims；According to the disclosure and teachings of the above specification, institute of the present invention
The technical staff in category field can also change and modify the above embodiment.Therefore, the invention is not limited to above
Some modifications and changes of invention should also be as falling into the guarantor of claim of the invention by the specific embodiment for disclosing and describing
It protects in range.In addition, these terms are merely for convenience of description although using some specific terms in this specification,
It does not limit the present invention in any way.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system, it is characterised in that: monitored including sequentially connected wheel condition
Unit, middle control unit and remote monitoring unit；
The wheel condition monitoring unit includes self-generating device, three phase full bridge rectification module, the first DC/DC module, tire temperature prison
Survey module, tire pressure monitoring module, wheel-sensors module, wheel MCU and radio frequency transmitter；The self-generating device, three
Phase full-bridge rectification module and the first DC/DC module are sequentially connected；The first DC/DC module and the tire temperature monitoring modular,
Tire pressure monitoring module, wheel-sensors module, wheel MCU are connected with radio frequency transmitter；The wheel MCU and the tire temperature are supervised
Survey module, tire pressure monitoring module is connected with wheel-sensors module；The wheel MCU is connect with the radio frequency transmitter；
The tire temperature monitoring modular is for monitoring tire temperature and temperature rise rate；The tire pressure monitoring module is for monitoring tire pressure；It is described
Wheel-sensors module includes three axis accelerometer, three-axis gyroscope, three axis magnetic induction instrument；The three axis accelerometer is for perceiving
Wheel three-dimensional acceleration；The three-axis gyroscope is for perceiving wheel three-dimensional angular velocity；The three axis magnetic induction instrument is for perceiving
Wheel three-dimensional absolute force；
The self-generating device generates three-phase alternating current, after the rectification of three phase full bridge rectification module, is input to the first DC/DC module
It is filtered, after pressure stabilizing, is tire temperature monitoring modular, tire pressure monitoring module, wheel-sensors module, wheel MCU and less radio-frequency
Transmitter provides working power；
The middle control unit includes vehicle power supply, the 2nd DC/DC module, wireless RF receivers, cab signal display alarm mould
Block, middle control MCU and 4G wireless remote module；The vehicle power supply is connect with the 2nd DC/DC module；2nd DC/
DC module and the wireless RF receivers, cab signal show that alarm module, middle control MCU and 4G wireless remote module connect
It connects；The middle control MCU shows that alarm module is connect with the wireless RF receivers, cab signal；The less radio-frequency receives
Device is connect with the radio frequency transmitter；The middle control MCU carries out two-way by serial ports and the 4G wireless remote module
Letter；The vehicle power supply is the wireless RF receivers, cab signal display alarm module, middle control MCU and 4G radio remote
Journey module provides working power；
The remote monitoring unit includes data penetration transmission cloud platform and remote monitoring center；The data penetration transmission cloud platform passes through void
Quasi- serial ports and the remote monitoring center carry out two-way communication；
The tire temperature and temperature rise rate that monitor are transferred to wheel MCU by the tire temperature monitoring modular, and the tire pressure monitoring module will
The tire pressure monitored is transferred to wheel MCU, and the wheel-sensors module is by the wheel three-dimensional acceleration parameter monitored, wheel three
Dimension angular speed parameter and wheel three-dimensional absolute force parameter are transferred to wheel MCU；The wheel MCU is by the temperature received, temperature
The rate of liter, tire pressure, wheel three-dimensional acceleration parameter, wheel three-dimensional angular velocity parameter and wheel three-dimensional absolute force parameter signal are successively
Middle control MCU, the signal data that the middle control MCU will be received are transferred to by radio frequency transmitter, wireless RF receivers
It is uploaded to internet by serial ports and 4G wireless remote module, the data penetration transmission cloud platform is communicated with internet, in real time
The signal data that the Internet transmission comes is received, the signal data received is then sent to long-range monitoring by virtual serial port
Center carries out convergence analysis, if analysis result deviates setting value, generates pre-warning signal, the pre-warning signal passes sequentially through virtually
Serial ports, data penetration transmission cloud platform, internet, 4G wireless remote module and serial ports send middle control MCU back to, and it is aobvious finally to reach cab signal
Show alarm module, issues early warning to driver.
2. a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described long-range
Monitoring center is obtained using the calculating of wheel three-dimensional acceleration parameter, wheel three-dimensional angular velocity parameter and wheel three-dimensional absolute force parameter
Obtain wheel movement attitude parameter；The remote monitoring center utilizes wheel acceleration signal, obtains wheel braking through signal processing
Parameter；
The remote monitoring center is joined using wheel movement attitude parameter, wheel braking parameter and tire pressure, temperature, temperature rise rate
Number carries out data fusion analysis, obtains the variation tendency of wheel security performance；
When the variation tendency of the wheel movement attitude parameter, wheel braking parameter and wheel security performance deviates setting value
When, the remote monitoring unit returns to pre-warning signal to interior middle control MCU through internet and 4G wireless telecommunication module, so
After be transferred to cab signal show alarm module, to driver issue early warning.
3. a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the wheel
Three-dimensional acceleration parameter includes: wheel tangential acceleration, side acceleration and centripetal acceleration.
4. a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the wheel
Three-dimensional angular velocity parameter includes: wheel roll velocity, angular velocity of rotation and course angular speed.
5. a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the wheel
Athletic posture parameter includes: wheel angle of heel, wheel rotation angle, wheel course angle, wheel vertical acceleration, the acceleration of wheel three-dimensional
Degree and wheel three-dimensional angular velocity.
6. a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the wheel
Brake parameters include: the unequal degree of wheel braking deceleration and left and right wheels braking deceleration balance.
7. a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described spontaneous
Electric installation is installed on automotive hub center, and the self-generating device includes permanent magnet magnetic axis, threephase armature winding, self-generating device
Shell and connector；Permanent magnet magnetic axis both ends are equipped with magnetic axis bias iron block；The self-generating device shell passes through connection
Part is fixedly connected with hub centre；Ball spring bearing there are two being fixedly connected on the self-generating device shell；It is described two
Ball spring bearing is connect with permanent magnet magnetic axis both ends respectively；The threephase armature winding is fixed on the self-generating device
On shell, the threephase armature winding uses nine pole three-phase structures, and the threephase armature winding does circumference with the wheel hub
Movement, when the threephase armature winding rotates together with the wheel hub, the threephase armature winding cuts permanent magnet magnetic induction line,
Generate three-phase alternating current.
8. a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: the permanent magnetism
Body magnetic axis is not moved in a circle using eccentric structure with wheel under the effect of gravity naturally downward.
9. a kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the tire temperature
Monitoring modular includes several temperature sensors, several described temperature sensors are along tire in described in circumferential setting and every two
60 ° are divided between temperature sensor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910505952.1A CN110203023B (en) | 2019-06-12 | 2019-06-12 | Self-generating motor car wheel state monitoring system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910505952.1A CN110203023B (en) | 2019-06-12 | 2019-06-12 | Self-generating motor car wheel state monitoring system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110203023A true CN110203023A (en) | 2019-09-06 |
| CN110203023B CN110203023B (en) | 2024-01-05 |
Family
ID=67792238
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910505952.1A Active CN110203023B (en) | 2019-06-12 | 2019-06-12 | Self-generating motor car wheel state monitoring system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN110203023B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110696569A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-01-17 | 四川新马高科技有限公司 | Vehicle wheel hub temperature detection equipment and monitoring system |
| CN112706567A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-04-27 | 招商局公路信息技术（重庆）有限公司 | Novel wireless tire pressure monitoring system |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4429232A (en) * | 1982-05-24 | 1984-01-31 | Thomas Stephen E | Apparatus for generating electricity within a pneumatic wheel assembly |
| KR20030080569A (en) * | 2002-04-09 | 2003-10-17 | (주)델텍 | Tire monitor system of a vehicle |
| KR20090098778A (en) * | 2009-08-29 | 2009-09-17 | 장건영 | Generating device using bicycle wheels |
| CN201466812U (en) * | 2009-08-25 | 2010-05-12 | 中国人民解放军军事交通学院 | Horizontal axial rotating part electronic power supply device |
| JP2011229309A (en) * | 2010-04-21 | 2011-11-10 | Bridgestone Corp | Power generator in tire |
| JP2014073799A (en) * | 2012-10-05 | 2014-04-24 | Tokai Rika Co Ltd | Wheel position decision unit and tire air pressure monitoring system |
| CN205951625U (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2017-02-15 | 济南卡路安电子科技有限公司 | Vehicle detecting system |
| CN107310336A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-11-03 | 广西大学 | A kind of vehicle tire pressure remote supervision system |
| CN109203877A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-15 | 杭州中策车空间汽车服务有限公司 | The information classification processing method and system of tire networking |
| US20190118588A1 (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2019-04-25 | Itire, Llc | Wheel hub mounted vehicle data communications device incorporating a self-generating electrical power supply |
| CN210174553U (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-03-24 | 广东工贸职业技术学院 | Self-generating motor vehicle wheel state monitoring system |
-
2019
- 2019-06-12 CN CN201910505952.1A patent/CN110203023B/en active Active
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4429232A (en) * | 1982-05-24 | 1984-01-31 | Thomas Stephen E | Apparatus for generating electricity within a pneumatic wheel assembly |
| KR20030080569A (en) * | 2002-04-09 | 2003-10-17 | (주)델텍 | Tire monitor system of a vehicle |
| CN201466812U (en) * | 2009-08-25 | 2010-05-12 | 中国人民解放军军事交通学院 | Horizontal axial rotating part electronic power supply device |
| KR20090098778A (en) * | 2009-08-29 | 2009-09-17 | 장건영 | Generating device using bicycle wheels |
| JP2011229309A (en) * | 2010-04-21 | 2011-11-10 | Bridgestone Corp | Power generator in tire |
| JP2014073799A (en) * | 2012-10-05 | 2014-04-24 | Tokai Rika Co Ltd | Wheel position decision unit and tire air pressure monitoring system |
| US20190118588A1 (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2019-04-25 | Itire, Llc | Wheel hub mounted vehicle data communications device incorporating a self-generating electrical power supply |
| CN205951625U (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2017-02-15 | 济南卡路安电子科技有限公司 | Vehicle detecting system |
| CN107310336A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-11-03 | 广西大学 | A kind of vehicle tire pressure remote supervision system |
| CN109203877A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-15 | 杭州中策车空间汽车服务有限公司 | The information classification processing method and system of tire networking |
| CN210174553U (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-03-24 | 广东工贸职业技术学院 | Self-generating motor vehicle wheel state monitoring system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 涂琨;何仁;: "电磁制动在汽车制动能量回收中应用分析", 机械传动, no. 05, pages 151 - 155 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110696569A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-01-17 | 四川新马高科技有限公司 | Vehicle wheel hub temperature detection equipment and monitoring system |
| CN112706567A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-04-27 | 招商局公路信息技术（重庆）有限公司 | Novel wireless tire pressure monitoring system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110203023B (en) | 2024-01-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101873943B (en) | Wheel-monitoring module | |
| CN101878123B (en) | Method of identifying positions of wheel modules | |
| US11945266B2 (en) | Tire load estimation | |
| CN105283365B (en) | Tire grounding state estimating method | |
| US20100180677A1 (en) | Vehicle load weight detecting apparatus | |
| CN101883690A (en) | Method of identifying positions of wheel modules | |
| CN103475275B (en) | A kind of passive tyre generating set and tire parameter detection system | |
| CN107168301A (en) | A kind of intelligent vehicle-carried diagnostic system monitored based on remote platform | |
| CN110203023A (en) | A kind of self generator motor vehicle wheels condition monitoring system | |
| CN108973545A (en) | A kind of monitoring device and method for predicting to blow out | |
| CN107727416B (en) | Based on combination sensor automobile tire load-bearing capacity monitoring method | |
| CN206906889U (en) | A kind of intelligent vehicle-carried diagnostic system based on remote platform monitoring | |
| CN107303785A (en) | A kind of tire pressure monitoring system and method | |
| CN101554830A (en) | Method for monitoring and sampling burst tire | |
| CN107554529A (en) | A kind of speed of commercial car calculates method and system | |
| KR102068579B1 (en) | receiving set | |
| CN111907269A (en) | Vehicle state detection system based on intelligent tire technology | |
| CN107031314A (en) | A kind of Tire Pressure Monitor System and its monitoring method | |
| CN110154654A (en) | A kind of big data and cloud computing Tire Automatic Detection System | |
| CN101477136A (en) | Wheel rotating speed measurement method and device based on wheel-loaded intelligent sensing | |
| CN107310336A (en) | A kind of vehicle tire pressure remote supervision system | |
| CN102295002A (en) | Method for obtaining wheel rotation signal characteristic quantity based on tangential acceleration curve of wheel | |
| CN103223830A (en) | Automobile tire air pressure compound monitoring apparatus and monitoring method thereof | |
| CN202507863U (en) | Tire pressure monitoring system | |
| CN210174553U (en) | Self-generating motor vehicle wheel state monitoring system |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |