CN110202871B - 一种碳纤维-金属混杂方管及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种碳纤维‑金属混杂方管,所述方管的管体包括同轴且依次由内而外压紧的内方管、碳纤维夹层和外方管,所述碳纤维夹层缠绕于内方管的外壁;所述内方管结构和外方管均为金属结构;所述碳纤维夹层为单向碳纤维预浸料结构。本发明还提供了一种碳纤维‑金属混杂方管的制作方法。本发明的有益效果为:所述方管由依次由内而外的内方管、碳纤维夹层和外方管构成,其中内方管和外方管均采用碳钢,结构简单无需二次加工,可避免对FMLs二次加工带来的界面破坏,力学性能强;所述方法在方管制作时利用螺杆预加拉力或压力,可有效减少甚至消除后续高温固化过程中产生的残余应力,有效提高了混杂方管的机械性能和尺寸稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料技术领域,具体涉及一种碳纤维-金属混杂方管及其制作方法。
背景技术
纤维金属层板(Fiber Metal Laminates,FMLs)是由纤维增强复合材料和金属组成的混杂层合结构,其综合了传统纤维增强复合材料具有较高比强度、比刚度的特点,以及金属材料优异的加工性能和抗冲击性能的特点,这些特点使FMLs在航空航天、船舶、汽车、机床、轨道交通等工业领域得到广泛应用。
目前,由铝合金和各种纤维增强复合材料(芳纶、玻璃纤维和碳纤维增强复合材料)组成FMLs的板件已得到深入研究并在上述工业领域经过若干年的应用。FMLs板件常常需要二次加工形成所需要的复杂结构,加工过程中必然会导致金属和纤维增强复合材料连接界面的破坏;FMLs在高温固化过程中,由于碳纤维和金属的热膨胀系数不同必然产生残余应力;另外,由于铝合金的力学性能较低导致此类FMLs的力学性能也较低,基于不同性能的追求,难以满足生产需要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,针对现有技术的不足,提供一种碳纤维-金属混杂方管及其制作方法,解决现有技术中FMLs板件加工过程复杂、力学性能差等技术问题。
本发明采用的技术方案为:一种碳纤维-金属混杂方管,所述方管的管体为夹层结构,包括同轴且依次由内而外压紧的内方管、碳纤维夹层和外方管,所述碳纤维夹层缠绕于内方管的外壁。
按上述方案,所述内方管和外方管均为金属结构;所述碳纤维夹层为单向碳纤维预浸料结构。
按上述方案,所述外方管为分体式结构,由两个L型的外方管单元搭接而成,外方管单元的内壁压紧碳纤维夹层的外周面。
本发明还提供了一种如上所述方管的制作方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、提供工装,所述工装包括前端盖、后端盖、螺杆和手轮,前端盖和后端盖分别通过若干螺钉固定于所述方管管体两端的卡箍上,所述螺杆一端与前端盖螺纹配合,另一端轴向伸入管体的中心,并与后端盖固定相连;
步骤二、提供如上所述管体的内方管和两个外方管单元;
步骤三、裁剪单向碳纤维预浸料并缠绕于内方管的外壁,直至缠绕厚度达到设计的碳纤维夹层的厚度,并保证碳纤维夹层两端预留长度可贴合于前端盖和后端盖的外侧面,继而两个外方管单元抱紧已缠绕碳纤维夹层的内方管;
步骤四、在管体两端分别用卡箍抱紧外方管,卡箍与外方管端面对齐后用连接螺钉固定卡箍;将两端伸出的碳纤维夹层折弯贴合到金属端面,前端盖和后端盖分别连接卡箍,通过外方管夹紧碳纤维夹层,夹紧碳纤维夹层端部;
步骤五、通过前端盖旋进螺杆至后端盖连接固定;
步骤六、通过手轮旋转螺杆,螺杆通过后端盖拉伸碳纤维夹层,或压缩内方管和外方管,碳纤维夹层的拉伸量或内方管和外方管的压缩量达到设定值,后用紧定螺钉固定卡箍和外方管的相对位置;
步骤七、高温固化后拆除螺杆、卡箍和端盖,得到碳纤维-金属混杂方管。
按上述方案,在步骤一中,所述螺杆与前端盖螺纹配合。
按上述方案,在步骤一中,所述后端盖的外侧设有推力轴承和锁紧螺母,所述螺杆通过推力轴承和锁紧螺母与后端盖连接固定。
按上述方案,在步骤一中,螺杆位于前端盖的一端为活动端,螺杆的活动端连接有手轮;所述手轮包括一端与螺杆活动端连接的传动轴,传动轴的另一端横穿有转动手柄。
按上述方案,在步骤二中,对内方管的外表面及外方管单元的内壁面进行喷丸处理并清理。
按上述方案,在步骤三中,单向碳纤维预浸料轴向均匀缠绕于内方管的外壁。
按上述方案,在步骤四中,通过前后端盖和卡箍分别夹紧两端的碳纤维夹层。
本发明的有益效果为:
1、本发明所述混杂方管由依次由内而外的内方管、碳纤维夹层和外方管构成,其中内方管和外方管均采用碳钢。利用碳钢优异的力学性能和单向碳纤维铺层角度和厚度的可设计性,混杂方管的力学性能和动态特性(如刚度和阻尼性能)可适应不同的生产需要。与现有的FMLs板件相比,其结构简单无需二次加工,可避免对FMLs二次加工带来的界面破坏,力学性能强;
2、未经过处理的FMLs在高温固化过程中,由于碳纤维和金属的热膨胀系数不同,必然在金属层产生残余拉应力,以及在碳纤维层产生残余压应力。大量研究证明,残余应力的存在会降低FMLs的疲劳轻度和断裂韧性,引起纤维层裂纹和分层现象,导致结构变形。本发明所述方法在混杂方管制作时利用螺杆预加拉力或压力,可有效减少甚至消除后续高温固化过程中产生的残余应力,提高混杂方管的机械性能和尺寸稳定性。
附图说明
图1为本发明中所述方管的结构简图。
图2为图1的左视图。
图3为本发明中方管设于工装上的结构简图。
图4为图3的A-A剖视图。
图5为图3的右视图。
其中:1、手轮;2、前端盖;3、螺杆;4、外方管;5、碳纤维夹层;6、内方管;7、紧定螺钉;8、连接螺钉;9、后端盖;10、推力轴承;11、锁紧螺母;12、卡箍。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步地描述。
如图1和图2所示的一种碳纤维-金属混杂方管,所述方管的管体包括同轴且依次由内而外压紧的内方管6、碳纤维夹层5和外方管4,所述碳纤维夹层5缠绕于内方管6的外壁;所述外方管4为分体式结构,由两个L型的外方管单元搭接而成(外方管单元由钢板折弯90度形成,两边倒角,两个外方管单元配对形成外方管);外方管单元的内壁压紧碳纤维夹层5的外周面;所述内方管6结构和外方管均为金属结构,优选为碳钢;所述碳纤维夹层5为单向碳纤维预浸料结构。
如图2所示的一种碳纤维-金属混杂方管制作方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤一、提供用于固定所述碳纤维金属混杂方管的工装,如图3所示,所述工装包括前端盖2、后端盖9、螺杆3和手轮1,前端盖2和后端盖9分别通过若干螺钉固定于所述方管管体两端的卡箍12上,所述螺杆3一端与前端盖2螺纹配合,螺杆3的另一端轴向伸入管体的中心,并依次穿过后端盖9的中心通孔、推力轴承10后与锁紧螺母11配合(推力轴承可为平面推力球轴承或推力滚子轴承);螺杆3位于前端盖2的一端为活动端,螺杆3的活动端连接有手轮1;所述手轮1包括一端与螺杆3活动端连接的传动轴,传动轴的另一端横穿有转动手柄;优选地,所述螺杆3与前端盖2螺纹配合;
步骤二、提供如上所述管体的内方管6和两个外方管单元:加工内方管6和外方管单元,对内方管6的外表面及外方管单元的内壁面进行喷丸处理并清理,以提高两者与碳纤维夹层5之间的粘附力;
步骤三、准备单向碳纤维预浸料并根据内方管6的尺寸裁剪;裁剪好的单向碳纤维预浸料沿轴向均匀缠绕于内方管6的外壁,直至缠绕厚度达到设计的碳纤维夹层5的厚度,并保证碳纤维夹层5两端预留长度用于贴合在前端盖2和后端盖9的外侧面,再用两个外方管单元抱紧已缠绕碳纤维夹层5的内方管6;为达到最佳轴向刚度,碳纤维夹层5的缠绕方向与内方管6轴向一致(碳纤维夹层5为单向碳纤维预浸料,即无数单纤维丝都是同一方向,该方向与内方管轴向一致时,轴向刚度最大,径向刚度最小),碳纤维夹层5的厚度由内方管6、外方管4和方管总厚度决定;
步骤四、在管体两端分别用卡箍12抱紧外方管4,卡箍12与外方管4端面对齐后用连接螺钉8固定卡箍12,如图4和图5所示;将两端伸出的碳纤维夹层5分别沿方管四角割断,方便其向四周折弯贴合到金属端面(两端伸出的碳纤维夹层5切割为四块后分别折弯90°后贴合在金属端面上),前端盖2和后端盖9分别连接卡箍12,通过外方管4夹紧碳纤维夹层5,如图4所示;
步骤五、通过前端盖2旋进螺杆3至后端盖9,用平面推力球轴承10和锁紧螺母11将螺杆3与后端盖9连接固定;
步骤六、通过手轮1旋转螺杆3,螺杆3通过后端盖9拉伸碳纤维夹层5,或压缩内方管6和外方管4,碳纤维夹层5的拉伸量或内方管6和外方管4的压缩量达到设定值(该设定值由金属层的残余拉应力或碳纤维层残余压应力、金属和碳纤维的热膨胀系数、固化温度和室温决定)后用紧定螺钉7固定卡箍12和外方管4的相对位置;
步骤七、高温固化后拆除螺杆3、卡箍12和端盖,切割两端折弯的碳纤维夹层5,得到碳纤维-金属混杂方管。
FMLs这种混杂材料,由于碳纤维和金属的热膨胀系数不同,从固化温度(一般超过100摄氏度)降温到室温时,必然在金属层产生残余拉应力,以及在碳纤维层产生残余压应力。本发明的原理为:本发明中碳纤维夹层5的两端分别被前端盖2和卡箍12,以及后端盖9和卡箍12夹紧固定;通过旋转手轮1转动螺杆3,螺杆3的一端与后端盖9固定,螺杆3的另一端与前端盖2旋合,顺时针旋转手轮1时螺杆3顶紧后端盖9,前端盖2和后端盖9相互背离且轴向向外移动,拉伸碳纤维夹层5;逆时针旋转手轮1时,螺杆3带动后端盖9和前端盖2相向移动,此时前端盖2和后端盖9压紧内方管6和外方管4。当碳纤维夹层5达到预定的拉伸量,或内方管6和外方管4达到预定压缩量后,用紧定螺钉7固定卡箍12和外方管4。通过预加拉力或压力,可有效降低甚至消除方管在高温固化过程中产生的残余应力。
最后应说明的是,以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,但是凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种方管制作方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤一、提供工装,所述工装包括前端盖、后端盖、螺杆和手轮,前端盖和后端盖分别通过若干螺钉固定于所述方管管体两端的卡箍上,所述螺杆一端与前端盖螺纹配合,另一端轴向伸入管体的中心,并与后端盖固定相连;
步骤二、提供碳纤维-金属混杂方管,所述碳纤维-金属混杂方管的管体为夹层结构,包括同轴且依次由内而外压紧的内方管、碳纤维夹层和外方管,所述碳纤维夹层缠绕于内方管的外壁;所述内方管结构和外方管均为金属结构;所述碳纤维夹层为单向碳纤维预浸料结构;所述外方管为分体式结构,由两个L 型的外方管单元搭接而成,外方管单元的内壁压紧碳纤维夹层的外周面;
步骤三、裁剪单向碳纤维预浸料并缠绕于内方管的外壁,直至缠绕厚度达到设计的碳纤维夹层的厚度,并保证碳纤维夹层两端预留长度可贴合于前端盖和后端盖的外侧面,继而两个外方管单元抱紧已缠绕碳纤维夹层的内方管;
步骤四、在管体两端分别用卡箍抱紧外方管,卡箍与外方管端面对齐后用连接螺钉固定卡箍;将两端伸出的碳纤维夹层折弯贴合到金属端面,前端盖和后端盖分别连接卡箍,通过外方管夹紧碳纤维夹层,夹紧碳纤维夹层端部;
步骤五、通过前端盖旋进螺杆至后端盖连接固定;
步骤六、旋转螺杆,螺杆通过后端盖拉伸碳纤维夹层,或压缩内方管和外方管,碳纤维夹层的拉伸量或内方管和外方管的压缩量达到设定值,后用紧定螺钉固定卡箍和外方管的相对位置;
步骤七、高温固化后拆除螺杆、卡箍和端盖,得到碳纤维-金属混杂方管。
2.如权利要求1所述方管的制作方法,其特征在于,在步骤一中,所述后端盖的外侧设有推力轴承和锁紧螺母,所述螺杆通过推力轴承和锁紧螺母与后端盖连接固定。
3.如权利要求1 所述方管的制作方法,其特征在于,在步骤一中,螺杆位于前端盖的一端为活动端,螺杆的活动端连接有手轮;所述手轮包括一端与螺杆活动端连接的传动轴,传动轴的另一端横穿有转动手柄。
4.如权利要求1 所述方管的制作方法,其特征在于,在步骤二中,对内方管的外表面及外方管单元的内壁面进行喷丸处理并清理。
5.如权利要求1所述方管的制作方法,其特征在于,在步骤三中,单向碳纤维预浸料轴向均匀缠绕于内方管的外壁。
6.如权利要求1 所述方管的制作方法,其特征在于,在步骤四中,通过前后端盖和卡箍分别夹紧两端的碳纤维夹层。
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