CN110198189A - Higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication system based on integrated chip optical path - Google Patents
Higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication system based on integrated chip optical path Download PDFInfo
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- CN110198189A CN110198189A CN201910624014.3A CN201910624014A CN110198189A CN 110198189 A CN110198189 A CN 110198189A CN 201910624014 A CN201910624014 A CN 201910624014A CN 110198189 A CN110198189 A CN 110198189A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2589—Bidirectional transmission
- H04B10/25891—Transmission components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of, and multiple optics freedom degrees of light quantum are successively multiplexed by the higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication means based on integrated chip optical path in quantum information cataloged procedure, and multidigit quantum bit coding is realized on the basis of each optics freedom degree；The transmission of higher-dimension multiplexed quantum-information is carried out by multi-core optical fiber or multiple fiber cable；System, which is decoded, by corresponding higher-dimension multiplexed quantum-information is decoded and passes through the detection analysis that single-photon detector array realizes quantum information.During realizing higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication system, using the technical solution of integrated chip optical path, the advantages that using the low-power consumption of integrated chip optical path, low-loss, high stability, high optical property, the full integrated chip of higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication system is realized.Present invention utilizes between optics freedom degree relative independentability and single optics freedom degree can dense coding characteristic, the promotion that quantum information rate is realized on the basis of traditional one-dimensional quantum communication system is expected to push miniaturization, the universalness, high speed engineer application of Technique on Quantum Communication.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to micro-nano photoelectron, Technique on Quantum Communication field, in particular to a kind of utilization chip large-scale integrateds
Quantum communications method, system and the storage medium of optical path realization higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication protocol.
Background technique
Technique on Quantum Communication, can not replicating principle, the inseparable original of quantum state based on Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum state
Reason, is the communication technology that can be realized " unconditional security " generally acknowledged at present.Technique on Quantum Communication can be divided into according to working principle
The quantum teleportation communication technology and quantum key distribution technology.The quantum teleportation communication technology, which refers to, utilizes entangled quantum state
Action at a distance realize the instantly safe transmission of information, basic principle can summarize are as follows: communicating pair shares one group of entangled quantum
State simultaneously measures；Communicating pair announces measurement result on overt channel；It is matched by measurement result and determines Content of Communication；Surreptitiously
Hearer can not know the measurement result of both sides, thus can not eavesdrop the information content.Quantum key distribution technology, which refers to, passes through quantum
The stochastic behaviour of state defines one group of quantum key, encrypt/decrypt to realize safe information transmission to classical communication signal
Technology, basic principle can be summarized are as follows: sender of communications sends quantum key female parent to recipient by quantum channel；It receives
Side determines effective key by measurement and the information such as measurement means (not cipher key content) is returned to sender；Sender utilizes
Effective key pair classical communication signal carries out encryption and sends recipient to by classical channel；Recipient utilizes effective key pair
Classical communication signal is decrypted and obtains the information content；Listener-in can intercept and capture encryption classical communication signal, but because that can not know
It knows the particular content of effective key and specifying information can not be obtained.
Factors, the quantum teleportation communication technologys such as the preparation of high-speed entangled quantum state is limited to still to grind in primary at present
Study carefully the stage；The factors such as high speed quantum state preparation are limited to, the technology path that quantum key distribution technology generallys use is: throughput
Sub- state stochastic behaviour defines quantum key pond, encrypts classic key using quantum key, is believed by classic key and classical communication
Number exclusive or by turn realize information encrypted transmission, the above process be alternatively referred to as signal of communication electrical domain transformation.It is possible thereby to see
Out, directly the sub- converter technique of the full dose of exclusive or is all limited by turn with classical signals for the quantum teleportation communication technology, quantum key
In quantum information rate limit.By taking the quantum-key distribution based on single photon as an example, quantum information rate is by single-photon light source
Repetition rate, quantum information code efficiency, quantum channel efficiency of transmission, quantum information decoding efficiency, single photon detection efficiency etc.
Various aspects factor restricts, and is difficult to combine large capacity, high safety, communication requirements non-relay etc. over long distances.
Result of study is shown at this stage, and single-photon light source repetition rate, single-photon detector detection is further substantially improved
The technical difficulty of efficiency is larger, meanwhile, the efficiency of transmission of specific range quantum channel is difficult have promotion to a greater extent.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to it is logical to solve the single degree of freedom generallyd use at this stage, low-dimensional quantum
The quantum information rate that letter agreement faces is tranquil, encodes quantum communication protocol lifting capacity at double by multiple degrees of freedom multiplexing, higher-dimension
Sub-information rate；For optical path needed for realizing higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication protocol to complexity, stability, high efficiency etc.
Harsh demand proposes to realize full chip quantum communication system using chip large-scale integrated optical path and photoelectricity hybrid integrated technology
Technology path.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the invention proposes a kind of higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication party based on integrated chip optical path
Method, comprising:
Step 1: multiple optics freedom degrees of single light quantum are as volume during quantum information coding and decoding
Digital content participates in coding, and multidigit quantum bit is compiled in same optics freedom degree；
Step 2: realizing quantum information decoding using the technology path of integrated chip optical path；
Step 3: carrying out the transmission of quantum information using multi-core optical fiber or multiple fiber cable.
Preferably, above-mentioned steps two construct optical system by integrated chip photonic device, realize quantum light source, optics point
The optics devices such as beam device, optical delay line, tunable attenuator, wavelength division multiplexer, polarization beam apparatus, Polarization Controller, phase shifter
The Single-Chip Integration of part, and integrated circuit and integrated optical circuit are prepared on same chip by photoelectricity hybrid integrated technology, lead to
The device performance for crossing the level distribution control integrated optical circuit of integrated circuit, realizes higher-dimension multiplexed quantum-information encoding function.
Preferably, above-mentioned steps two further include the device performance that integrated optical circuit is controlled by the level distribution of integrated circuit,
Realize higher-dimension multiplexed quantum-information decoding function；Quantum information decoding system and low-temperature superconducting silica-based nanowire are subjected to light respectively
The compatible adaptation of level and electricity level realizes the quantum information decoding system of whole chip package, reduces insertion loss and sky
Between environment bring noise.
Preferably, multi-core optical fiber is a kind of special light for having multiple fibre cores in same root optical fiber in above-mentioned steps three
It is fine；Multiple fiber cable is that have multifiber in same root optical cable, the quantum information that independent propagation is spatially separating in each optical fiber.
Preferably, the above method is realized using all -fiber optical path or space optical path mode or using more material chip Integrated Light
Road technique scheme.
Preferably, above-mentioned multiple optics freedom degrees mainly include wavelength, polarization, path, phase, arrival time.
Preferably, above-mentioned that multidigit quantum bit, that is, same optics freedom degree bit number is compiled in same optics freedom degree
Amount is more than 2.
A kind of system for realizing the higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication means based on integrated chip optical path, including integrated chip photon
Device, quantum light source, optical beam-splitter, optical delay line, tunable attenuator, wavelength division multiplexer, polarization beam apparatus, polarization control
Device and phase shifter processed, the integrated chip photonic device construct optical system, realize quantum light source, optical beam-splitter, optics
Delay line, tunable attenuator, wavelength division multiplexer, polarization beam apparatus, Polarization Controller, phase shifter Single-Chip Integration, and lead to
It crosses photoelectricity hybrid integrated technology integrated circuit and integrated optical circuit are prepared on same chip, passes through the level distribution of integrated circuit
Control the device performance of integrated optical circuit.
Preferably, it when above system realizes the building of higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication system using integrated chip optical path, does not limit
The type and performance of chip material, using homogenous material integrated chip optical path technical solution.
Preferably, above-mentioned homogenous material is crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, high refractive index quartz, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, sulphur system wave
It leads, one of aluminum gallium arsenide.
Preferably, the multivariant multiplexing sequence of above system, the dimension of each freedom degree coding and entire optical system structure
The actual demand for meeting higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication protocol is built, accomplishes that coded system-decoding system corresponds, and traditional single
Quantum information rate is promoted at double on the basis of dimension quantum communication system.
A kind of computer readable storage medium, is stored thereon with computer program, realization when which is executed by processor
The step of above method.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is during realizing higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication system, using integrated chip
The technical solution of optical path the advantages that using the low-power consumption of integrated chip optical path, low-loss, high stability, high optical property, is realized
The full integrated chip of higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication system.Present invention utilizes the relative independentability between optics freedom degree and individually
Optics freedom degree can dense coding characteristic, realize mentioning for quantum information rate on the basis of traditional one-dimensional quantum communication system
It rises, is expected to push miniaturization, the universalness, high speed engineer application of Technique on Quantum Communication.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, will make below to required in the embodiment of the present invention
Attached drawing is briefly described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, also
Other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without any creative labor.
Fig. 1 shows the higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication system architecture schematic diagram based on weak coherent pulse light source.
Specific embodiment
The feature and exemplary embodiment of various aspects of the invention is described more fully below, in order to make mesh of the invention
, technical solution and advantage be more clearly understood, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, the present invention is further retouched in detail
It states.It should be understood that specific embodiment described herein is only configured to explain the present invention, it is not configured as limiting the present invention.
To those skilled in the art, the present invention can be real in the case where not needing some details in these details
It applies.Below the description of embodiment is used for the purpose of better understanding the present invention to provide by showing example of the invention.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to a reality
Body or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, are deposited without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation
In any actual relationship or order or sequence.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to
Non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements is not only wanted including those
Element, but also including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, article or equipment
Intrinsic element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence " including ... ", it is not excluded that including
There is also other identical elements in the process, method, article or equipment of the element.
The present invention proposes a kind of higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication from the angle for promoting quantum information coding/decoding efficiency
The technology path of agreement is multiplexed multiple optics freedom degrees of single photon, and height is realized on the basis of each freedom degree
Dimension coding, assigns single photon multidigit quantum bit, realizes the promotion at double of quantum information rate.Above-mentioned technology path can not only
Promote the quantum bit quantity that single photon carries, moreover it is possible to realize that the higher-dimension of multiple freedom degrees between two photons tangles, push complete
The further development of quantized transformation quantum key distribution technology and the quantum teleportation communication technology.In addition, above-mentioned technology path
It can also be used in the quantum bit rate for promoting quantum computing systems, improve quantum computing systems concurrent operation speed, pushed amount sub-light
Development.
It should be noted that higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication protocol techniques proposed by the present invention need to single photon carry out it is multiple
The manipulation of freedom degree, each freedom degree need to precisely quantify to realize higher-dimension control again.In view of discrete device performance and interconnection loss
Tremendous influence to all-optical system performance, the present invention realize higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication protocols using chip large-scale integrated optical path
View.Integrated chip optical path has many advantages, such as small size, low-power consumption, high stability, and with large scale integrated circuit highly compatible, real
Existing modularization integrated chip quantum communications function.Photonic device based on silicon-on-insulator process preparation is with isospace optical path point
The close optical property of vertical device, and there is stronger environmental stability and lower interconnection to be lost；Integrated chip optical path has both
The Integrated Trait of all -fiber optical path, may be implemented stable polarization state and scheme control on the basis of smaller.Therefore,
The present invention will focus on the implementation for considering chip large-scale integrated optical path as higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication system.
The present embodiment the technical solution adopted is that, to freedom degrees such as single photon polarization, phase, frequency, path, arrival times
It is multiplexed, and realizes higher-dimension coding in each freedom degree, promote quantum information rate at double.Skill of the present invention
Art scheme can be applied to ideal single-photon light source, weak coherent pulse light source simultaneously and tangle single photon to light source.
Present embodiments provide a kind of higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication means based on integrated chip optical path, comprising:
Step 1: multiple optics freedom degrees of single light quantum are as volume during quantum information coding and decoding
Digital content participates in coding, and multidigit quantum bit is compiled in same optics freedom degree；
Step 2: realizing quantum information decoding using the technology path of integrated chip optical path；
Step 3: carrying out the transmission of quantum information using multi-core optical fiber or multiple fiber cable.
In some embodiments, step 2 constructs optical system by integrated chip photonic device, realizes quantum light source, light
Learn the light such as beam splitter, optical delay line, tunable attenuator, wavelength division multiplexer, polarization beam apparatus, Polarization Controller, phase shifter
The Single-Chip Integration of device is learned, and integrated circuit and integrated optical circuit are prepared in by same chip by photoelectricity hybrid integrated technology
On, the device performance of integrated optical circuit is controlled by the level distribution of integrated circuit, realizes higher-dimension multiplexed quantum-information encoding function.
In some embodiments, step 2 further includes the device that integrated optical circuit is controlled by the level distribution of integrated circuit
Can, realize higher-dimension multiplexed quantum-information decoding function；By quantum information decoding system and low-temperature superconducting silica-based nanowire respectively into
The compatible adaptation of row optics level and electricity level realizes the quantum information decoding system of whole chip package, reduces insertion loss
With space environment bring noise.
In some embodiments, in step 3 multi-core optical fiber be have in same root optical fiber multiple fibre cores one kind it is special
Optical fiber；Multiple fiber cable is that have multifiber in same root optical cable, the quantum letter that independent propagation is spatially separating in each optical fiber
Breath.
In some embodiments, method is realized using all -fiber optical path or space optical path mode or using more material chip collection
At optical path technical solution.
In some embodiments, multiple optics freedom degrees mainly include wavelength, polarization, path, phase, arrival time.
In some embodiments, multidigit quantum bit, that is, same optics freedom degree ratio is compiled in same optics freedom degree
Special quantity is more than 2.
In some embodiments, it is a kind of realize the higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication means as above-mentioned based on integrated chip optical path
System, including integrated chip photonic device, quantum light source, optical beam-splitter, optical delay line, tunable attenuator, wavelength-division are multiple
With device, polarization beam apparatus, Polarization Controller and phase shifter, the integrated chip photonic device constructs optical system, realization amount
Sub-light source, optical beam-splitter, optical delay line, tunable attenuator, wavelength division multiplexer, polarization beam apparatus, Polarization Controller, shifting
The Single-Chip Integration of phase device, and integrated circuit and integrated optical circuit are prepared on same chip by photoelectricity hybrid integrated technology,
The device performance of integrated optical circuit is controlled by the level distribution of integrated circuit.
In some embodiments, when system realizes the building of higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication system using integrated chip optical path, no
The type and performance for limiting chip material, using homogenous material integrated chip optical path technical solution.
In some embodiments, homogenous material is crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, high refractive index quartz, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, sulphur
It is one of waveguide, aluminum gallium arsenide.
In some embodiments, the multivariant multiplexing sequence of system, the dimension and entire optical system of each freedom degree coding
System building meets the actual demand of higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication protocol, accomplishes that coded system-decoding system corresponds, and passing
Quantum information rate is promoted at double on the basis of system one-dimensional quantum communication system.
In some embodiments, a kind of computer readable storage medium, is stored thereon with computer program, which is located
Manage the step of realizing the above method when device executes.
In some embodiments, a kind of typical, higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication system knot based on weak coherent pulse light source
Structure is as shown in Figure 1.Weak coherent pulse is generated by wide spectrum light source, and the time domain specification (pulsewidth, repetition rate etc.) of wide spectrum light source determines
The time domain specification of weak coherent pulse；Wide spectrum light source output each wavelength component of pulse is separated through wavelength division multiplexer to different paths,
Mean power is adjusted by tunable attenuator.At this point, the weak coherent pulse sequence of different central wavelengths is according to L1-L4Sequence it is empty
Between separate, and by tunable attenuator control obtain different pulse average photon numbers respectively, that is, it is close to realize wavelength quantum
Key coding.When pulse average photon number is less than 1, window pulse (not including photon) and non-window pulse (including photon) are in the time
Certain stochastic behaviour is presented in appearance position in sequence, and the weak coherent pulse sequence of different wave length also can independently realize trick state
Noise and control.The weak coherent pulse sequence polarization state of different wave length independently regulates and controls through Polarization Controller, it can be achieved that being based on
The quantum key of polarization direction encodes, simplest two-dimensional encoded i.e. orthogonal to horizontal direction (H) and vertical direction (V) two inclined
Polarization state carries out assignment.The equiarm interferometer being made up of optical beam-splitter, optical phase shifter and 50%-50% directional coupler,
The quantum key coding based on Path selection can be achieved, i.e., can control by the two-arm phase difference that control phase shifter introduces weak relevant
Pulse train is along according to P1Or P2Path transmission.By optical phase shifter, it can be achieved that the quantum key based on relative phase encodes, with
Relative phase difference between two neighboring pulse is encoding variable, and common orthogonal basis is respectively 0 phase and π phase.Using can
Optical delay line is tuned, it can be achieved that the quantum key based on arrival time encodes, i.e., by carrying out assignment to relative time delay 0 or T
Realize arrival time coding, it should be noted that relative time delay T at this time is different from weak coherent pulse sequence period.Pass through wave
Division multiplexer, can by the different weak coherent pulse sequence of wavelength by group lump into same path, and via multi-core optical fiber or more
Fine optical cable transmission, building higher-dimension multiplexed quantum-information send system.
It should be noted that two groups of quantum informations of above-mentioned higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communications system transmission, be organized as P respectively1
And P2, corresponding is the P in Path selection quantum key cataloged procedure1And P2.In practical applications, Path selection also can be improved
The dimension of quantum key coding, and transmitted by multi-core optical fiber or multiple fiber cable lump.Path selection quantum key can directly by
The difference decoding of transmission channel position；After polarization beam apparatus, passed according to the weak coherent pulse that horizontal direction polarizes by H path
It is defeated, according to the weak coherent pulse of vertical direction polarization by V path transmission, realize polarization quantum key decoding；Pass through wavelength-division multiplex
Device can separate the weak coherent pulse sequence of different wave length to different paths, realize the decoding of wavelength quantum key；Pass through unequal arm
Interferometer can determine whether the phase difference between adjacent pulse, realize phase quantum key solution by the sync response of single-photon detector
Code；Finally, analyzing the single-photon detector response time by the time-domain analysis instrument in single-photon detection system, arrival can be realized
The decoding of time quantum key.
Above-mentioned higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication system can realize that multidigit quantum key encodes.Using wavelength as first and second
Position encoded content, then have corresponding relationship, L1→ 00, L2→ 01, L3→ 10, L4→11；Using polarization as third position encoded content,
Then there are corresponding relationship, V → 0, H → 1；Using phase as the 4th encoded content, then there are corresponding relationship, 0 → 0, π → 1；To reach
Time is the 5th encoded content, then has corresponding relationship, 0 → 0, T → 1；With path for the 6th encoded content, then there is corresponding pass
System, P1→ 0, P2→1.Above-mentioned higher-dimension multiplexing and encoding quantum key has the six times of information rates of one-dimensional without multiplexed quantum key,
Coding schedule is as shown in table 1.
1 higher-dimension multiplexed quantum key coding table of table
| Respond serial number | Whether synchronize | Response time | Key | Respond serial number | Whether synchronize | Response time | Key |
| 1&2 | It is | 0/T | 001000/011000 | 17&18 | It is | 0/T | 101000/111000 |
| 1&2 | It is no | 0/T | 000000/010000 | 17&18 | It is no | 0/T | 100000/110000 |
| 3&4 | It is | 0/T | 001001/011001 | 19&20 | It is | 0/T | 101001/111001 |
| 3&4 | It is no | 0/T | 000001/010001 | 19&20 | It is no | 0/T | 100001/110001 |
| 5&6 | It is | 0/T | 001010/011010 | 21&22 | It is | 0/T | 101010/111010 |
| 5&6 | It is no | 0/T | 000010/010010 | 21&22 | It is no | 0/T | 100010/110010 |
| 7&8 | It is | 0/T | 001011/011011 | 23&24 | It is | 0/T | 101011/111011 |
| 7&8 | It is no | 0/T | 000011/010011 | 23&24 | It is no | 0/T | 100011/110011 |
| 9&10 | It is | 0/T | 001100/011100 | 25&26 | It is | 0/T | 101100/111100 |
| 9&10 | It is no | 0/T | 000100/010100 | 25&26 | It is no | 0/T | 100100/110100 |
| 11&12 | It is | 0/T | 001101/011101 | 27&28 | It is | 0/T | 101101/111101 |
| 11&12 | It is no | 0/T | 000101/010101 | 27&28 | It is no | 0/T | 100101/110101 |
| 13&14 | It is | 0/T | 001110/011110 | 29&30 | It is | 0/T | 101110/111110 |
| 13&14 | It is no | 0/T | 000110/010110 | 29&30 | It is no | 0/T | 100110/110110 |
| 15&16 | It is | 0/T | 001111/011111 | 31&32 | It is | 0/T | 101111/111111 |
| 15&16 | It is no | 0/T | 000111/010111 | 31&32 | It is no | 0/T | 100111/110111 |
It should be noted that Fig. 1 essentially describes the multiple degrees of freedom multiplying question during quantum-key distribution.It is true
On, the higher-dimension coding on same single-degree-of-freedom can also promote quantum information rate at double.Wide spectrum light source it is effective shine bandwidth and
The wavelength interval of wavelength division multiplexer determines the dimension of Wavelength-encoding quantum-key distribution；The precision of polarization direction control determines
The dimension (usually about four-dimensional) of polarization encoder quantum-key distribution, the precision of phase shifter determine that relative phase coding quantum is close
The dimension (can reach the four-dimension) of key distribution, control precision and detection accuracy in time scale determine arrival time encoding amount
The dimension of sub-key distribution, finally, by the cascade of equiarm interferometer, optical beam-splitter, it can be achieved that in secondary exponential increase
Path selection encodes quantum-key distribution dimension and is promoted.By higher-dimension coding and multiple degrees of freedom multiplexing, the quantum ultimately generated is believed
Breath rate will be provided with the development potentiality that multiple orders of magnitude are promoted.
In some embodiments, the device class according to used by quantum information coded system and quantum information decoding system
Higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication system can be divided into space optical path type, full fiber type and integrated chip optical path type three classes by type.With it is low at
Sheet, low-loss, high stability, high feasibility are evaluation index, realize that higher-dimension of the present invention is multiplexed using integrated chip optical path
Quantum communications agreement is optimal case, main cause include: integrated chip photoelectric device have size it is small, it is low in energy consumption, at low cost,
The advantages that stability is strong realizes higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication protocol particularly suitable for constructing extensive optical path；Integrated chip optical path
With lower insertion loss and transmission loss, and can be realized under the support of photoelectricity hybrid integrated technology and large-scale integrated electricity
The compatible on road is standby, is expected to realize optoelectronic integration quantum communication system；Each freedom degree of integrated chip optical path especially side of polarization
Have to environment highly tolerant for property, is expected to realize miniaturization, portability quantum communication system by integrated chip optical path；Mesh
Before, low-temperature superconducting silica-based nanowire single-photon detector is a kind of optimal single-photon detector of current performance, which has
It hopes and is integrated with quantum information processing system, further decrease the detection loss and ambient light interference introduced by interconnection optical fiber.
Compared with prior art, the present invention achieves following remarkable result: in the especially quantum communications of quantum information field
Field, promoting quantum information rate is always the key and difficult point studied.Be limited to quantum light source generate rate and its in length
Unavoidable loss problem during Distance Transmission, quantum communications are in low rate state always.Promote quantum information rate
Technological means can be summarized as " increasing income and decreasing expenditure " two class, wherein the technological means of " throttling " mainly includes low insertion loss optics
The exploitation of device designs and interconnection is integrated；It is prepared by the exploitation of low-loss high capacity transmission optical fiber；High detection efficient, low noise are dry
Disturb, the exploitation of high repetition frequency single-photon detector preparation etc..However, the device technologies such as optical device, transmission fiber attained in
Maturation is difficult have huge technological break-through again；The promotion at double of single-photon detector performance index also faces serious wall at present
It builds.Therefore, the present invention uses " open source " technological means, using wide spectrum light source in terms of generating the weak coherent pulse sequence of multi-wavelength
Technology Potential is using specific repetition rate quantum light source by way of multiple degrees of freedom multiplexing, single-degree-of-freedom higher-dimension coding
Under the premise of, quantum information generating rate can be promoted at double.Meanwhile higher-dimension multiplexed quantum-information can be realized simultaneously by extensive optical path
Row detection processing, is transferred to number field in the technical problem that time-domain faces for single-photon detector, has further pushed quantum
The engineering of information processing system especially quantum communication system is landed.Further it is proposed that the height based on integrated chip optical path
Multiplexed quantum communication protocol is tieed up, which can be applied to high speed quantum communications research field, in terms of promoting quantum information rate
It has broad application prospects, has great importance in terms of pushing quantum information system engineering.
For convenience of description, it is divided into various units when description apparatus above with function to describe respectively.Certainly, implementing this
The function of each unit can be realized in the same or multiple software and or hardware when application.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, the embodiment of the present invention can provide as method, system or computer program
Product.Therefore, complete hardware embodiment, complete software embodiment or reality combining software and hardware aspects can be used in the present invention
Apply the form of example.Moreover, it wherein includes the computer of computer usable program code that the present invention, which can be used in one or more,
The computer program implemented in usable storage medium (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical memory etc.) produces
The form of product.
The present invention be referring to according to the method for the embodiment of the present invention, the process of equipment (system) and computer program product
Figure and/or block diagram describe.It should be understood that every one stream in flowchart and/or the block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions
The combination of process and/or box in journey and/or box and flowchart and/or the block diagram.It can provide these computer programs
Instruct the processor of general purpose computer, special purpose computer, Embedded Processor or other programmable data processing devices to produce
A raw machine, so that being generated by the instruction that computer or the processor of other programmable data processing devices execute for real
The device for the function of being specified in present one or more flows of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
The application can describe in the general context of computer-executable instructions executed by a computer, such as program
Module.Generally, program module includes routines performing specific tasks or implementing specific abstract data types, programs, objects, group
Part, data structure etc..The application can also be practiced in a distributed computing environment, in these distributed computing environments, by
Task is executed by the connected remote processing devices of communication network.In a distributed computing environment, program module can be with
In the local and remote computer storage media including storage equipment.
These computer program instructions, which may also be stored in, is able to guide computer or other programmable data processing devices with spy
Determine in the computer-readable memory that mode works, so that it includes referring to that instruction stored in the computer readable memory, which generates,
Enable the manufacture of device, the command device realize in one box of one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram or
The function of being specified in multiple boxes.
These computer program instructions also can be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that counting
Series of operation steps are executed on calculation machine or other programmable devices to generate computer implemented processing, thus in computer or
The instruction executed on other programmable devices is provided for realizing in one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram one
The step of function of being specified in a box or multiple boxes.
In a typical configuration, calculating equipment includes one or more processors (CPU), input/output interface, net
Network interface and memory.
Memory may include the non-volatile memory in computer-readable medium, random access memory (RAM) and/or
The forms such as Nonvolatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM).Memory is computer-readable medium
Example.
Computer-readable medium includes permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media can be by any method
Or technology come realize information store.Information can be computer readable instructions, data structure, the module of program or other data.
The example of the storage medium of computer includes, but are not limited to phase change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), moves
State random access memory (DRAM), other kinds of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electric erasable
Programmable read only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory techniques, read-only disc read only memory (CD-ROM) (CD-ROM),
Digital versatile disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices
Or any other non-transmission medium, can be used for storage can be accessed by a computing device information.As defined in this article, it calculates
Machine readable medium does not include temporary computer readable media (transitory media), such as the data-signal and carrier wave of modulation.
It should also be noted that, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to nonexcludability
It include so that the process, method, commodity or the equipment that include a series of elements not only include those elements, but also to wrap
Include other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this process, method, commodity or equipment intrinsic want
Element.In the absence of more restrictions, the element limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that including described want
There is also other identical elements in the process, method of element, commodity or equipment.
All the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, same and similar portion between each embodiment
Dividing may refer to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments.Especially for system reality
For applying example, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, so being described relatively simple, related place is referring to embodiment of the method
Part explanation.
The above description is only an example of the present application, is not intended to limit this application.For those skilled in the art
For, various changes and changes are possible in this application.All any modifications made within the spirit and principles of the present application are equal
Replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication means based on integrated chip optical path, it is characterised in that the described method includes:
Step 1: multiple optics freedom degrees of single light quantum are as in coding during quantum information coding and decoding
Hold and participate in coding, and compiles multidigit quantum bit in same optics freedom degree；
Step 2: realizing quantum information decoding using the technology path of integrated chip optical path；
Step 3: carrying out the transmission of quantum information using multi-core optical fiber or multiple fiber cable.
2. the higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication means according to claim 1 based on integrated chip optical path, which is characterized in that institute
State step 2 by integrated chip photonic device construct optical system, realize quantum light source, optical beam-splitter, optical delay line,
The Single-Chip Integration of the optical devices such as tunable attenuator, wavelength division multiplexer, polarization beam apparatus, Polarization Controller, phase shifter, and
Integrated circuit and integrated optical circuit are prepared on same chip by photoelectricity hybrid integrated technology, pass through the level point of integrated circuit
Cloth controls the device performance of integrated optical circuit, realizes higher-dimension multiplexed quantum-information encoding function.
3. the higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication means according to claim 1 or 2 based on integrated chip optical path, feature exist
In the step 2 further includes the device performance for controlling integrated optical circuit by the level distribution of integrated circuit, realizes higher-dimension multiplexing
Quantum information decoding function；Quantum information decoding system and low-temperature superconducting silica-based nanowire are subjected to optics level and electricity respectively
The compatible adaptation of level realizes the quantum information decoding system of whole chip package, reduces insertion loss and space environment bring
Noise.
4. the higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication means according to claim 1 or 2 based on integrated chip optical path, feature exist
In multi-core optical fiber is a kind of special fiber for having multiple fibre cores in same root optical fiber in the step 3；Multiple fiber cable is
Has multifiber in same root optical cable, the quantum information that independent propagation is spatially separating in each optical fiber.
5. the higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication means described in one of -4 based on integrated chip optical path according to claim 1, feature
Be, the method realized using all -fiber optical path or space optical path mode or by the way of more material chip integrated optical circuits come
It realizes.
6. the higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication means according to claim 1 based on integrated chip optical path, which is characterized in that institute
Stating multiple optics freedom degrees mainly includes wavelength, polarization, path, phase, arrival time.
7. the higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication means according to claim 1 based on integrated chip optical path, which is characterized in that institute
Stating and compiling the amount of bits of the i.e. same optics freedom degree of multidigit quantum bit in same optics freedom degree is more than 2.
8. a kind of system for realizing the higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication means as described in claim 1-7 based on integrated chip optical path,
It is characterized in that, the system comprises integrated chip photonic devices, quantum light source, optical beam-splitter, optical delay line, tunable
Attenuator, wavelength division multiplexer, polarization beam apparatus, Polarization Controller and phase shifter, the integrated chip photonic device construct light
System, realize quantum light source, optical beam-splitter, optical delay line, tunable attenuator, wavelength division multiplexer, polarization beam apparatus,
The Single-Chip Integration of Polarization Controller, phase shifter, and prepared integrated circuit and integrated optical circuit by photoelectricity hybrid integrated technology
In on same chip, the device performance of integrated optical circuit is controlled by the level distribution of integrated circuit.
9. system according to claim 8, the system realizes higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication system using integrated chip optical path
When system building, the type and performance of chip material are not limited, using homogenous material integrated chip optical path technical solution.
10. system according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the homogenous material is crystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, high refraction
One of rate quartz, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, the waveguide of sulphur system, aluminum gallium arsenide.
11. system according to claim 9 or 10, which is characterized in that the multivariant multiplexing of system is sequentially, respectively
The actual demand for meeting higher-dimension multiplexed quantum communication protocol by the dimension and the building of entire optical system of degree coding, accomplishes coding system
System-decoding system corresponds, and promotes quantum information rate at double on the basis of traditional one-dimensional quantum communication system.
12. a kind of computer readable storage medium, is stored thereon with computer program, power is realized when which is executed by processor
Benefit requires the step of any one of 1-7 the method.
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