CN110190711A - Afterheat generating system, method and the nuclear power station including the afterheat generating system - Google Patents

Afterheat generating system, method and the nuclear power station including the afterheat generating system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110190711A
CN110190711A CN201910496286.XA CN201910496286A CN110190711A CN 110190711 A CN110190711 A CN 110190711A CN 201910496286 A CN201910496286 A CN 201910496286A CN 110190711 A CN110190711 A CN 110190711A
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China
Prior art keywords
motor
air door
generating system
signal
air
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Granted
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CN201910496286.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN110190711B (en
Inventor
董哲
刘苗
李博文
姜頔
黄晓津
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21CNUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C15/00Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
    • G21C15/18Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807Rotary generators
    • H02K7/1823Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
    • H02K7/183Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30Nuclear fission reactors

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of afterheat generating system that can be used for reactor, comprising: air door, the air door can move between open state in off position;And the downstream of the air door is arranged in wind wheel, the wind wheel;Motor, the motor are connected with the wind wheel, and can switch between electric motor mode and generator mode, wherein under the electric motor mode, the rotation of wind wheel described in the motor driven;Under the generator mode, the wind wheel drives the motor to generate electricity.

Description

Afterheat generating system, method and the nuclear power station including the afterheat generating system
Technical field
The invention belongs to Nuclear Energy Science and Engineering fields, specifically, generated when being a kind of shutdown using reactor more than Heat is come the wind generating technology scheme that drives.
Background technique
After the nuclear accident that experienced U.S.'s Three Mile Island and former Soviet Union Chernobyl, nuclear power developing increasingly payes attention to safety This key factor.In current reactor design and operational process, safety is constantly in the status of overriding concern.Its In, it keeps being essential link during reinforcing nuclear safety to the monitoring of nuclear power plant after reactor shutdown.Therefore, The diversity of power supply plays a significant role the reliability of monitoring system after raising shutdown.
Currently, the high voltage auxiliary power of nuclear power plant includes power generator power supply, main power grid power supply, auxiliary power grid power supply is answered Anxious diesel engine power supply, storage battery power supply.Station service is used for all kinds of water pumps of power plant, blower, the equipment such as measuring instrument instrument and protection Power supply.When power plant operates normally, station service is provided by generator powered;After reactor shutdown, generator does not generate electricity, factory Electricity consumption is provided after transformer by main power grid;When main electric network fault, it is switched to auxiliary power grid and station service is provided, at this point, station-service Electricity only provides some important loads and uses;Further, when auxiliary power grid is unavailable, emergency diesel-oil motor provides power supply.This Outside, battery can be the signal system of full factory, and the important equipments such as instrument are powered, but power-on time can only maintain one hour left side It is right.All kinds of measuring systems and protection system of nuclear power plant require to be maintained at operating status under any circumstance, therefore these are System must guarantee continuous continual power supply there are many backup power source with equipment.When reactor shutdown and lose all kinds of When high voltage auxiliary power, the system equipments such as measurement and protection be can not work normally, and may cause the safety accident of nuclear power plant.Therefore, Increase the diversity of high voltage auxiliary power, is the power supply of the important loads equipment such as all kinds of instrument and meters, reactor can be effectively improved and stopped The safety and reliability of Dui Houquan factory.
The content of background technology part is only the technology that inventor is known, not the existing skill of natural representative this field Art.
Summary of the invention
In order to increase nuclear power plant's power supply diversity, the safety and reliability of reactor shutdown Hou Quan factory, the present invention are improved Disclose a kind of afterheat generating system that can be used for reactor, comprising: air door, the air door can in off position and open state Between move;And the downstream of the air door is arranged in wind wheel, the wind wheel;Motor, the motor are connected with the wind wheel, And it can switch between electric motor mode and generator mode, wherein under the electric motor mode, the motor driven institute State wind wheel rotation;Under the generator mode, the wind wheel drives the motor to generate electricity.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the afterheat generating system further includes motor handover control system, the electricity Machine handover control system is coupled with the motor, and according to the state of the air door and cogeneration signal, and the motor is real Switching between existing electric motor mode and generator mode.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the afterheat generating system further includes air door control system, the air door control System processed is coupled with the air door, and according to the state of the air door and door opening signal, controls the opening and closing of the air door.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the afterheat generating system further includes rectifier, the rectifier with it is described Motor coupling, and under the generator mode, the electric current that the motor generates is converted into direct current.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the afterheat generating system further includes rectification control system, the rectification control System processed is coupled with the motor and rectifier, and according to the state parameter of the motor, generates pulse train wave signal, and mention Supply the rectifier.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the afterheat generating system further includes battery, the battery with it is described Rectifier connection.
According to an aspect of the present invention, wherein the motor is connected to ac bus by ac bus breaker, institute State the on-off that motor handover control system controls the ac bus breaker.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the motor is connected to the rectifier, the motor by generator terminal breaker Handover control system controls the on-off of the generator terminal breaker.
The present invention also provides a kind of nuclear power stations, comprising: reactor;Air cooling tower;Air cooler in the air cooling tower is set, The air cooler can receive the waste heat from the reactor and pass to the air in air cooling tower;Cogeneration as described above System is arranged in the air cooling tower.
According to an aspect of the present invention, when the reactor shutdown, the air door is opened, the motor is switched to Generator mode.
The present invention also provides a kind of control methods that can be used for afterheat generating system as described above, comprising:
When reactor shutdown, the air door is opened;
The motor is switched to generator mode;With
Store the electric energy that the motor generates.
Passive residual heat removal system when for existing reactor shutdown is driven the invention proposes a kind of using waste heat Wind generator system, afterheat generating system specifically include the wind wheel being mounted in air cooling tower, transmission shaft, permanent magnet synchronous motor, The equipment such as rectifier, breaker, DC decompression transformer, electric power storage and air door control system, motor handover control system and whole Flow control system.
In view of the maintenance and maintenance of afterheat generating system, this patent is proposed, afterheat generating system is mounted on air cooling tower Bottom.Specifically, wind wheel installation site is close to air door, and to rotate the plane to be formed vertical with the air-flow flowed into from air door for wind wheel. Mechanical driving device is installed above air door, transmission chain is connect with motor rotor, and motor stator is connected through air door breaker To station service 380V ac bus.Wind wheel is connected through the rotor of transmission shaft and permanent magnet synchronous motor, the stator of permanent magnet synchronous motor It is connect with the station service bus of a plurality of different voltages grade, wherein first route is that stator connects by ac bus breaker It is connected to station service 380V ac bus;It is straight that Article 2 route is that stator through generator terminal breaker and rectifier is connected to station service 48V Bus is flowed, is connected to station service 30V DC bus using DC decompression transformer.Further, since cogeneration power with Shutdown time increase is gradually reduced, and is needed in time by power storage, thus on 48V and 30V DC bus connect battery into Row energy storage.
The input signal of air door control system is door opening signal, damper positions measuring signal and damper positions bound Switch state, output signal are air door circuit breaker lock/trip signal and air door folding condition.Wherein, door opening signal, Damper positions bound switch state, air door circuit breaker lock/trip signal are switching value, and damper positions measuring signal is simulation Amount.Air door control system is transmitted to air door breaker according to input signal, by locking/trip signal of output, realizes to air door The control of opening and closing, and export the state of current air door.
The input signal of motor handover control system is the A of air door breaker, ac bus breaker and generator terminal breaker Current phasor measurement signal and cogeneration signal, output signal are locking/jump of ac bus breaker and generator terminal breaker Lock signal.Wherein, it is analog quantity, cogeneration signal and circuit breaker lock/tripping letter that the A phase current of each breaker, which surveys signal, Number be switching value.Motor handover control system judges the operational mode of system according to input signal, and exports respective circuit breakers Locking/trip signal is connected to motor stator on corresponding bus, carries out the power generation of motor and cutting for electric operation mode It changes, and then realizes the function of cogeneration and enhanced heat exchange.
The input signal of rectification control system is permanent-magnetic synchronous motor stator three-phase current measured value, rotor phase angle measurement value With rectifier DC voltage measuring value, output signal is pulse train wave signal.Wherein, input signal is analog quantity, output letter Number be switching value.Rectification control system is calculated pulse train wave signal, is transmitted to rectifier according to input signal, as The driving signal of rectifier power switching device, realization are converted to steady dc voltage to by stator three-phase voltage.
A kind of wind generator system driven using reactor waste proposed according to the present invention, can increase nuclear power plant's electricity The waste heat generated after reactor shutdown is converted to electric energy, can be supplied to prison in the case where losing station service by source diversity Device is surveyed, observes the operating condition of nuclear power plant in real time, in the case where guaranteeing that full factory's power supply is sufficient, also can use battery will Power storage.Also with the wind generator system device that waste heat proposed by the present invention drives, changes motor operating state and may be used also It is cooling to accelerate core temperature, reduce reactor Shutdown time.These be all conducive to reinforce nuclear power plant safety in operation and can By property.
In this regard, this patent propose it is a kind of send out wind generator system electrically driven (operated) using reactor waste, reactor is stopped Waste heat after heap is converted to electric energy, is supplied to the important equipments such as monitoring, the protection of power plant, some after reactor shutdown to provide Important parameter state.In addition, in the case where guaranteeing that station service power supply is sufficient, can also be during reactor shutdown Wind generator system power supply, temperature when it being made to accelerate reactor shutdown is cooling, reduces Shutdown time.
After reactor shutdown, reactor core generates waste heat, can be led waste heat from heap in-core using the residual heat removal system of reactor Out.Reactor with air-cooled form residual heat removal system, such as modular high temperature gas cooled reactor (MHTGR) and low temperature core are supplied Thermal reactor (NHR200) etc., residual heat of nuclear core is behind the circuit that multiple thermal-hydraulics conduct heat, by the heat transfer medium of air cooler primary side It exchanges heat with the air in air cooling tower.Air is heated rear density and reduces, since the atmospheric density at the top of air cooling tower is big, close It spends under the driving of difference, the air in air cooling tower flows from bottom to top, forms Natural Circulation, is finally directly discharged in atmosphere.
During Residual heat removal, air to form Natural Circulation since density contrast flows in air cooling tower, by sky Wind power generation plant is installed in cold tower, the kinetic energy of air can be converted into electric energy, it can be achieved that utilization to reactor waste.It will After this part of waste heat is converted to electric energy, the emergency power supply of nuclear power plant can be used as.The feelings in station service source are lost in nuclear power plant It is this not influenced by power plant's operating status and environment in the way of cogeneration when reactor emergency shut-down under condition, still It can continue to carry out.These electric energy are supplied to the monitoring device of nuclear power plant after reactor shutdown, can be kept to nuclear power plant's shape The real time monitoring of condition.This has important practical significance for reinforcing npp safety and reliability.
Detailed description of the invention
Attached drawing is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, and constitutes part of specification, with reality of the invention It applies example to be used to explain the present invention together, not be construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of afterheat generating system according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagrames of air door control system according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 shows the schematic diagram of motor handover control system according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 shows the schematic diagram of rectification control system according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 shows NHR200-II intermediate loop and residual heat removal system schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 shows NHR200-II and its afterheat generating system schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 shows emulation performance graph;
Fig. 8 shows the flow chart of the control method of afterheat generating system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, certain exemplary embodiments are simply just described.As one skilled in the art will recognize that Like that, without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, described embodiment can be modified by various different modes. Therefore, attached drawing and description are considered essentially illustrative rather than restrictive.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " center ", " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " length ", " width Degree ", " thickness ", " go up ", " under ", " preceding ", " afterwards ", " left side ", " right side ", " heavily fortified point, and directly ", " level ", " top ", " bottom ", " is interior ", " outside ", " Clockwise ", " counterclockwise " wait the orientation or positional relationship of instructions to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to Convenient for description the present invention and simplify description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation, It is constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore is not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, term " first ", " second " are only For descriptive purposes, it is not understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly indicates the number of indicated technical characteristic Amount." first " is defined as a result, the feature of " second " can explicitly or implicitly include one or more spy Sign.In the description of the present invention, " multiple " are meant that two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase Even ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or be integrally connected: can To be mechanical connection, it is also possible to be electrically connected or can mutually communicate;It can be directly connected, it can also be by between intermediary It connects connected, can be the connection inside two elements or the interaction relationship of two elements.For the ordinary skill of this field For personnel, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific conditions.
In the present invention unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, fisrt feature second feature its " upper " or it " under " It may include that the first and second features directly contact, also may include that the first and second features are not direct contacts but pass through it Between other characterisation contact.Moreover, fisrt feature second feature " on ", " top " and " above " include first spy Sign is right above second feature and oblique upper, or is merely representative of first feature horizontal height higher than second feature.Fisrt feature exists Second feature " under ", " lower section " and it is " following " including fisrt feature right above second feature and oblique upper, or be merely representative of First feature horizontal height is less than second feature.
Following disclosure provides many different embodiments or example is used to realize different structure of the invention.In order to Simplify disclosure of the invention, hereinafter the component of specific examples and setting are described.Certainly, they are merely examples, and And it is not intended to limit the present invention.In addition, the present invention can in different examples repeat reference numerals and/or reference letter, This repetition is for purposes of simplicity and clarity, itself not indicate between discussed various embodiments and/or setting Relationship.In addition, the present invention provides various specific techniques and material example, but those of ordinary skill in the art can be with Recognize the application of other techniques and/or the use of other materials.
Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that preferred reality described herein Apply example only for the purpose of illustrating and explaining the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 gives a kind of afterheat generating system 100 that can be used for reactor according to an embodiment of the invention, below Detailed description.
As shown in Figure 1, afterheat generating system 100 includes: air door 101, wind wheel 102 and motor 103.Wherein, air door 101 It can be moved between open state in off position, the downstream of the air door 101 is arranged in wind wheel 102, thus when air door 101 is opened Qi Shi, wind wheel 102 can by the Natural Circulation air-flow arrow of left side (as shown in figure 1 shown in) effect and rotate.Motor 103 with The wind wheel 102 is connected, and can switch between electric motor mode and generator mode.Wherein in the electric motor mode Under, the motor 03 receives current work, and driving wind wheel 102 rotates, so that air-flow be accelerated to flow, promotes heat dissipation.And described Under generator mode, while the wind wheel 102 rotates, drives the motor to generate electricity, be described later.
Afterheat generating system 100 shown in FIG. 1 can be set in the air cooling tower of Nuclear Power Station, thus in electric motor mode Switch between generator mode.When reactor is shut down, by the way that the motor 103 of afterheat generating system 100 is switched to power generation Machine mode opens air door 101, and Natural Circulation air-flow can pass through air door 101, be applied on wind wheel 102, and wind wheel 102 is driven to revolve Turn, and then motor 103 is driven to generate electricity.Afterheat generating system 100 can be used for reinforcing heat dissipation.Such as when reactor operation, Air door 101 is opened, so that motor 103 is under electric motor mode, drives wind wheel 102, promotes air-flow to accelerate flowing, and then strengthen Heat dissipation effect.
According to one aspect of the disclosure, the afterheat generating system 100 further includes motor handover control system 105, As shown in Figure 1, the motor handover control system 105 is coupled with the motor 103, and according to the state of the air door 101 and The motor is switched to generator mode by cogeneration signal.
According to one aspect of the disclosure, the afterheat generating system 100 further includes air door control system 104, described Air door control system 104 is coupled with the air door 101, and according to the state and door opening signal of the air door 101, controls institute State the opening and closing of air door 101.
According to one aspect of the disclosure, the afterheat generating system 101 further includes rectifier 107, the rectifier 107 couple with the motor 103, and under the generator mode, and the electric current that the motor 103 generates is converted to direct current.
According to one aspect of the disclosure, the afterheat generating system 100 further includes rectification control system 106, described Rectification control system 106 is coupled with the motor 103 and rectifier 107, and according to the state parameter of the motor 103, is generated Pulse train wave signal, and it is supplied to the rectifier 107.
According to one aspect of the disclosure, the afterheat generating system 100 further includes battery 109,110, the storage Battery is connect with the rectifier, for storing electric energy caused by motor 103.
According to one aspect of the disclosure, the motor 103 is connected to ac bus by ac bus breaker 111, The motor handover control system 105 controls the on-off of the ac bus breaker 111.
According to one aspect of the disclosure, the motor 103 is connected to the rectifier 107 by generator terminal breaker 108, The motor handover control system 105 controls the on-off of the generator terminal breaker.
The structure and working operating mode of preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention are described below.Afterheat generating system 100 It is mountable inside air cooling tower, and in view of factors, the afterheat generating system 100 such as plant maintenance are located at air-cooled tower bottom.Specifically Mounting means is, for example, and wind wheel 102 is arranged close to the position of air door 101, and the plane that is formed of the rotation of wind wheel 102 with from air door The air-flow of 101 inflows is vertical.Mechanical driving device (motor and biography in such as figure above air door 101 are installed above air door 101 Dynamic device), transmission chain is connect with motor rotor, and motor is connected to station service 380V ac bus through air door breaker.Wind Wheel 102 is connect through transmission shaft with the rotor of motor 103 (such as permanent magnet synchronous motor), the stator of permanent magnet synchronous motor with it is a plurality of not Station service bus with voltage class connects.Wherein, first route is connected to factory by ac bus breaker 111 for stator Electricity consumption 380V ac bus;It is straight that Article 2 route is that stator through generator terminal breaker 108 and rectifier 107 is connected to station service 48V Bus is flowed, is connected to station service 30V DC bus using DC decompression transformer.Further, since cogeneration power with Shutdown time increase is gradually reduced, and is needed in time by power storage, therefore battery 109 is connected on 48V and 30V DC bus Energy storage is carried out with 110.
The input signal of air door control system 104 is for example including door opening signal, damper positions measuring signal and air door Position bound switch state, output signal are air door circuit breaker lock/trip signal and air door folding condition.Wherein, wind Door open signal, damper positions bound switch state, air door circuit breaker lock/trip signal are switching value, and damper positions are surveyed Amount signal is analog quantity.Locking/trip signal of output is transmitted to air door and broken by air door control system 104 according to input signal Road device, realizes the control of the opening and closing to air door 101, and exports the state of current air door.
A phase electricity of the input signal of motor handover control system 105 for example including air door breaker with generator terminal breaker 108 Flow measurement signal and cogeneration signal, output signal be ac bus breaker 111 and generator terminal breaker 108 locking/ Trip signal.Wherein, it is analog quantity, cogeneration signal and circuit breaker lock/tripping that the A phase current of each breaker, which surveys signal, Signal is switching value.Motor handover control system 105 judges the operational mode of system according to input signal, and output phase should break Locking/trip signal of road device, is connected to motor stator on corresponding bus, carries out power generation and the motor running mode of motor Switching, and then realize cogeneration and enhanced heat exchange function.
The input signal of rectification control system 106 is for example including permanent-magnetic synchronous motor stator three-phase current measured value, rotor Phase angle measurement value and rectifier DC voltage measuring value, output signal are pulse train wave signal.Wherein, input signal is simulation Amount, output signal is switching value.Rectification control system 106 is calculated pulse train wave signal, is transmitted to according to input signal Rectifier 107 is realized stable straight to stator three-phase voltage is converted to as the driving signal of rectifier power switching device Galvanic electricity pressure.
Afterheat generating system 100 can switch in cogeneration pattern switching between enhanced heat exchange mode, respectively correspond The generator mode and electric motor mode of motor 103.
The course of work of afterheat generating system 100 of the invention is described below.
After reactor shutdown, air door control system 100 receives door opening signal, and it is current to detect air door 101 simultaneously The measuring signal and air door bound switch state of position.It is disconnected to export air door according to input signal for air door control system 104 Road device block signal, and it is transmitted to air door breaker, after breaker closing, the motor on air door is powered, and drives machine driving Device movement, so that air door 101 be made to open.
After shutdown, residual heat of nuclear core after multiple thermal-hydraulic heat transfer loops of passive residual heat removal system, finally by Air cooler in air cooling tower transfers heat to the air in air cooling tower, and after air is heated, density reduces, and air door 101 is opened Afterwards, under the driving of density contrast, Natural Circulation is formed in air cooling tower.
Motor handover control system 105 receives cogeneration signal, and detects air door breaker and generator terminal open circuit simultaneously A phase current at device 108 after motor handover control system 105 judges door opening according to air door circuit breaker current, exports generator terminal Circuit breaker closing lock signal and ac bus circuit breaker trip signal, generator terminal breaker closing, ac bus breaker are opened, permanent magnetism Synchronous motor stator is connect with rectifier, and motor 103 is run in the generator mode.
The Natural Circulation air stream drives wind wheel 102 entered from air door 101 rotates, under transmission shaft effect, permanent magnet synchronous electric The rotor of machine 103 rotates, and generates three-phase induction electric current in stator side and voltage, rectifier 107 are converted to stator three-phase voltage Direct current.
Rectification control system 106 detects stator three-phase current signal and rotor phase angle signal, is calculated by controller, obtains To pulse train wave signal, driving control signal of the signal as rectifier power switching device, rectifier 107 is believed in driving Under the action of number, by changing the on-off of power electronic devices, it is straight that unstable stator three-phase voltage is transformed to stable 48V Galvanic electricity pressure.
The 48V DC voltage that rectifier 107 the exports bus connection different from two voltage class, wherein first direct It is connected to nuclear power plant's station service 48V DC bus, Article 2 is connected to station service 30V direct current after DC decompression transformer Bus.With the increase of reactor Shutdown time, waste heat is gradually decayed, and corresponding cogeneration power can also reduce, need and When power storage is got up.Therefore battery 109 and 110 is connected on 48V and 30V DC bus, is charged to it.
When needing afterheat generating system 100 from cogeneration pattern switching to enhanced heat exchange mode, reinforce in air cooling tower When circular flow, change cogeneration signal, after motor handover control system 105 receives the signal after variation, and according to inspection The current measurement signal of the generator terminal breaker and ac bus breaker 111 that measure exports generator terminal circuit breaker trip signal and friendship Flow bus circuit breaker closing lock signal.Generator terminal breaker is opened at this time, and ac bus breaker 111 is closed, permanent magnet synchronous motor Stator is connected on station service 380V ac bus, it is thus achieved that permanent magnet synchronous motor switches to motor from generator mode Mode.Motor stator is powered at this time, drives rotor motion, is further driven to wind wheel 102 and accelerates rotation, so that in air cooling tower Air circulation flow increase so that residual heat of nuclear core exports faster.
When needing to stop afterheat generating system work, change door opening signal, air door control system 104 detects simultaneously To current damper positions measuring signal and bound switch state, air door circuit breaker trip signal is exported, air door breaker is opened, Motor is disconnected with 380V station service bus, at this time actuator movement, so that air door slowly declines closing.Motor switching After control system 105 receives the variation of air door circuit breaker current signal, exports ac bus breaker and generator terminal breaker is jumped Lock signal, ac bus breaker and generator terminal breaker are opened, the stator and station service 380V ac bus of permanent magnet synchronous motor With rectifier off-the-line, with the closing of air door, the air-flow for flowing through wind wheel is gradually reduced to disappearance, and the rotor of permanent magnet synchronous motor stops Rotation stop is dynamic, thus system stalls.
Fig. 2 gives a kind of 104 schematic diagram of specific air door control system.104 input signal of air door control system is wind Door open signal, damper positions measuring signal and damper positions bound switch state, output signal be air door circuit breaker lock/ Trip signal and air door folding condition.Wherein, door opening signal, damper positions bound switch state, air door breaker Locking/trip signal is switching value, and damper positions measuring signal is analog quantity.After reactor shutdown, door opening is received Signal, air door is in close state at this time, and air door upper limit switch state and limit switch state are to close, air door limit switch State is after logical operation " Not ", with door opening signal after logical operation " And ", exports air door circuit breaker lock Signal, air door breaker closing, the motor above air door are powered rotation, drive air door to move up out by transmission device It opens.Damper positions signal and air door bound switch state signal are transmitted to power function F (x), and power function F (x) judges wind Door position is higher than air door lower position, and air door limit switch state is to open, and air door upper limit switch state is to close, and output air door is current State is to open, and when air door fully opens, power function F (x) judge damper positions higher than the damper positions upper limit, on air door Limit switch state is to open, and output air door current state is to have turned on.
Fig. 3 gives a kind of specific 105 schematic diagram of motor handover control system.Motor handover control system 105 it is defeated Entering A current phasor measurement signal and cogeneration signal, output signal that signal is air door breaker and generator terminal breaker 108 is Locking/trip signal of ac bus breaker and generator terminal breaker.Wherein, it is mould that the A phase current of each breaker, which surveys signal, Analog quantity, cogeneration signal and circuit breaker lock/trip signal are switching value.After reactor shutdown, need to realize that waste heat is sent out When Electricity Functional, motor handover control system receives cogeneration signal, while when door opening, air door breaker closing, wind Door circuit breaker electric flows through sensor measurement and is transmitted to motor handover control system, and passes through analog-to-digital conversion module " A/D ", there is simulation Quantitative change is switching value and cogeneration signal after logical operation " And ", exports generator terminal circuit breaker closing lock signal, and generator terminal is disconnected Road device closure, while generator terminal circuit breaker electric flows through sensor measurement and is transmitted to motor handover control system, by analog-to-digital conversion mould After block " A/D " and logical operation " Not ", with the air door circuit breaker current signal after analog-to-digital conversion after logical operation " And ", Ac bus circuit breaker trip signal is exported, ac bus breaker is opened.Therefore, the rectified device of permanent-magnetic synchronous motor stator connects It is connected to station service DC bus, realizes cogeneration function.When needing to realize enhanced heat exchange function, cogeneration signal is closed It closes, after logical operation " And ", exports generator terminal circuit breaker trip signal, generator terminal breaker is opened, and generator terminal circuit breaker current is Zero, current signal is after analog-to-digital conversion module " A/D " and logical operation " Not ", with the air door circuit breaker electric after analog-to-digital conversion Signal is flowed after logical operation " Amd ", exports ac bus circuit breaker closing lock signal, ac bus breaker closing, motor Stator is connected on station service 380V ac bus, and motor is under motoring-mode operation, and then realizes the function of enhanced heat exchange.
Fig. 4 gives a kind of schematic diagram of rectification control system 106.The input signal of rectification control system 106 is permanent magnetism Synchronous motor stator three-phase current measured value, rotor phase angle measurement value and rectifier DC voltage measuring value, output signal are arteries and veins Rush train wave signal.Wherein, input signal is analog quantity, and output signal is switching value.The rotor phase angle of permanent magnet synchronous motor is surveyed Magnitude θ, stator three-phase current measured value iA,iBAnd iCBy the transformation of three phase static coordinate-dq rotational coordinates (ABC-dq), obtain To d shaft current idWith q shaft current iq, d shaft current idWith d shaft current setting value id0After obtain d shaft current deviation, and pass through After proportional integration (PI) controller, d shaft voltage u is calculatedd;DC bus-bar voltage setting value Vd0It is measured with DC bus-bar voltage Value VdCompare to obtain DC bus-bar voltage deviation, q shaft current setting value i is calculated after PI controllerq0;Q shaft current iq With q shaft current setting value iq0After obtain q shaft current deviation, and after proportional integration (PI) controller, q axis is calculated Voltage uq;D shaft voltage udWith q shaft voltage uqBy the transformation of dq rotational coordinates-α β static coordinate (dq- α β), α shaft voltage is obtained uαWith β shaft voltage uβ, the two obtains pulse train wave signal, sends rectifier to after space vector pulse width modulation SVPWM, As the driving signal of rectifier power switching device, realization is converted to steady dc voltage to by stator three-phase voltage.
Fig. 5 shows a kind of nuclear power station according to the present invention comprising above-mentioned afterheat generating system 100 of the invention and anti- Heap is answered, reactor is, for example, 200MWthLow-temperature nuclear heat supplying pile (NHR200-II).
NHR200-II is integrated presurized water reactor, and reactor core and main heat exchanger are all disposed in reactor pressure vessel.14 masters Heat exchanger is evenly distributed in pressure vessel, and the heat transfer that reactor is generated is to secondary circuit, and by primary Ioops and secondary circuit It separates.As shown in figure 5, the heat transfer that secondary circuit generates reactor is to steam generator, simultaneously when normal reactor operation Primary Ioops containing radioactive substance are isolated with three circuits, to ensure safety property.There are two solely for the secondary circuit of NHR200-II unit Vertical loop, each loop include seven main heat exchangers, a steam generator, a volume compensator and a recirculated water Pump, shut-off valve 1 is opened at this time, and shut-off valve 2 is closed.When reactor shutdown, intermediate loop is out of service, and shut-off valve 1 is closed, and cuts Only valve 2 is opened, circuit of the working medium in hot pipe section from intermediate loop switch to residual heat removal system.The waste heat of NHR200-II is arranged System is two independent circuits out, each circuit includes seven main heat exchangers, an air cooler, an air cooling tower and one Volume compensator.Residual heat removal system is passive form, i.e., exports heat using natural circulation mode.The working medium of hot pipe section passes through Main heat exchanger is returned to after the air cooler heat exchange crossed in air cooling tower, forms Natural Circulation.
As shown in fig. 6, can have since there are two independent passive residual heat removal system circuits for NHR200-II tool Standby two independent waste heat wind generator systems.Wind generator system uses structure shown in FIG. 1.Control system uses Fig. 2 extremely Structure shown in Fig. 4.
When normal reactor operation, valve 21 and valve 22 are opened, and valve 13 and valve 18 are closed.When reactor shutdown, 6% or so of core power moment near full power, residual heat of nuclear core are set out by cooling water to the primary side of main heat exchanger 12.? In main heat exchanger 12, the heat transfer of primary side coolant is to the water of secondary side, and primary side coolant is after heat exchange cooling, weight Reactor core newly is flowed back to, forms the Natural Circulation of primary Ioops.
After reactor shutdown, air door control system receives door opening signal, and air door is in close state at this time, air door Upper limit switch state and limit switch state are to close, and air door limit switch state is after logical operation " Not ", with air door Open signal is after logical operation " And ", output air door circuit breaker closing lock signal, air door breaker closing, above air door Motor, which is powered, to be rotated, and drives air door to move up unlatching by transmission device.Damper positions signal and air door bound switch Status signal transmission judges that damper positions are higher than air door lower position, air door lower limit to power function F (x), power function F (x) Switch state is to open, and air door upper limit switch state is to close, and output air door current state is to open, when air door fully opens, Power function F (x) judges that damper positions are higher than the damper positions upper limit, and air door upper limit switch state is to open, and exports the current shape of air door State is to have turned on.
Simultaneously, valve 21 and valve 22 are closed for reactor shutdown, and valve 13 and valve 18 are opened, 12 secondary side of main heat exchanger Water be heated, and the hot pipe section 14 of residual heat removal system is gradually switched to from the hot pipe section of secondary circuit 24, and flow through air cooling tower 1 The primary side of interior air cooler 15, in air cooler 15, the air of the hot water and 15 secondary side of air cooler of primary side exchanges heat. After heat exchange cooling, density reduces the hot water of 15 primary side of air cooler, flows back to the secondary of main heat exchanger 12 by cold tube section 17 Side forms the Natural Circulation of residual heat removal system.After the air of 15 secondary side of air cooler is heated, density reduces, in density contrast Driving under, the bottom-up flowing of air of 15 secondary side of air cooler, formed stream of hot air.
Motor handover control system 105 receives cogeneration signal, while when the unlatching of air door 101, air door circuit breaker closing It closing, air door circuit breaker electric flows through sensor measurement and is transmitted to motor handover control system, and passes through analog-to-digital conversion module " A/D ", There is analog quantity to become switching value and cogeneration signal after logical operation " And ", export generator terminal circuit breaker closing lock signal, Generator terminal breaker closing, while generator terminal circuit breaker electric flows through sensor measurement and is transmitted to motor handover control system, by modulus After conversion module " A/D " and logical operation " Not ", pass through logical operation with the air door circuit breaker current signal after analog-to-digital conversion After " And ", ac bus circuit breaker trip signal is exported, ac bus breaker is opened.Therefore, permanent-magnetic synchronous motor stator passes through Rectifier is connected to station service DC bus, and motor operation in the generator mode, realizes cogeneration function.
The Natural Circulation air stream drives wind wheel rotation entered from air door, under transmission shaft effect, permanent-magnetic synchronous motor rotor Rotation generates three-phase induction electric current in stator side and stator three-phase voltage is converted to direct current by voltage, rectifier.
Rectification control system detects stator three-phase current signal and rotor phase angle signal, rotor phase angle measurement value θ, stator Three-phase current measured value iA,iBAnd iCBy the transformation of three phase static coordinate-dq rotational coordinates (ABC-dq), d shaft current is obtained idWith q shaft current iq, d shaft current idWith d shaft current setting value id0After obtain d shaft current deviation, and pass through proportional integration (PI) after controller, d shaft voltage u is calculatedd;DC bus-bar voltage setting value Vd0With DC bus-bar voltage measured value VdCompare DC bus-bar voltage deviation is obtained, q shaft current setting value i is calculated after PI controllerq0;Q shaft current iqWith q shaft current Setting value iq0After obtain q shaft current deviation, and after proportional integration (PI) controller, q shaft voltage u is calculatedq;d Shaft voltage udWith q shaft voltage uqBy the transformation of dq rotational coordinates-α β static coordinate (dq- α β), α shaft voltage u is obtainedαWith β axis Voltage uβ, the two obtains pulse train wave signal, rectifier sent to, as whole after space vector pulse width modulation SVPWM The driving signal of device device for power switching is flowed, is realized to stator three-phase voltage to be converted to stable 48V DC voltage.
The 48V DC voltage of the rectifier output bus connection different from two voltage class, wherein first directly connects It is connected to nuclear power plant's station service 48V DC bus, it is female to be connected to station service 30V direct current after DC decompression transformer for Article 2 Line.With the increase of reactor Shutdown time, waste heat is gradually decayed, and corresponding cogeneration power can also reduce, and is needed in time Power storage is got up.Therefore battery is connected on 48V and 30V DC bus, charged to it.
Numerical simulation is carried out in Matlab to the wind generator system of the waste heat driving of above-mentioned NHR200-II, emulates work Condition is divided into two stages,
When stage I:0-5000000s, NHR200-II is in Operation at full power state;
When stage II:5000000s-1500000s, NHR200-II emergency shut-down, wind generator system comes into operation.
Simulation result is as shown in Figure 7.From simulation result it can be seen that, behind 100 days of reactor shutdown, reactor core Power is near, and core temperature is down to 35 DEG C, and residual heat of nuclear core 300kW, afterheat generating system can issue the electrical power of 1.5kW, It is enough to support the Power operation requirement of nuclear power plant's instrument and meter.
The invention further relates to a kind of control methods 200 that can be used for afterheat generating system 100 as described above, comprising:
In step S201, when reactor shutdown, the air door is opened.
In step S202, the motor is switched to generator mode.
In step S203, the electric energy that the motor generates is stored.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, control method 200 further include: when needing afterheat generating system 100 From cogeneration pattern switching to enhanced heat exchange mode, when reinforcing air cooling tower inner recirculation flow amount, change cogeneration signal, motor After handover control system 105 receives the signal after variation, and according to the generator terminal breaker and ac bus breaker detected 111 current measurement signal exports generator terminal circuit breaker trip signal and ac bus circuit breaker closing lock signal.Generator terminal open circuit at this time Device is opened, and ac bus breaker 111 is closed, and the stator of permanent magnet synchronous motor is connected on station service 380V ac bus, by This realizes permanent magnet synchronous motor and switches to electric motor mode from generator mode.Motor stator is powered at this time, driving rotor fortune It is dynamic, it is further driven to wind wheel 102 and accelerates rotation, so that the air circulation flow in air cooling tower increases, so that reactor core Waste heat exports faster.
When needing to stop afterheat generating system work, change door opening signal, air door control system 104 detects simultaneously To current damper positions measuring signal and bound switch state, air door circuit breaker trip signal is exported, air door breaker is opened, Motor is disconnected with 380V station service bus, at this time actuator movement, so that air door slowly declines closing.Motor switching After control system 105 receives the variation of air door circuit breaker current signal, exports ac bus breaker and generator terminal breaker is jumped Lock signal, ac bus breaker and generator terminal breaker are opened, the stator and station service 380V ac bus of permanent magnet synchronous motor With rectifier off-the-line, with the closing of air door, the air-flow for flowing through wind wheel is gradually reduced to disappearance, and the rotor of permanent magnet synchronous motor stops Rotation stop is dynamic, thus system stalls.
Finally, it should be noted that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still may be used To modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features. All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention Within protection scope.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of afterheat generating system that can be used for reactor, comprising:
Air door, the air door can move between open state in off position;And
The downstream of the air door is arranged in wind wheel, the wind wheel;
Motor, the motor are connected with the wind wheel, and can switch between electric motor mode and generator mode, wherein Under the electric motor mode, the rotation of wind wheel described in the motor driven;Under the generator mode, the wind wheel drives institute Motor is stated to generate electricity.
2. afterheat generating system according to claim 1 further includes motor handover control system, the motor switching control System is coupled with the motor, and according to the state of the air door and cogeneration signal, realizes the motor in generator mould Switch between formula and electric motor mode.
3. afterheat generating system according to claim 1 or 2 further includes air door control system, the air door control system It is coupled with the air door, and according to the state of the air door and door opening signal, controls the opening and closing of the air door.
4. afterheat generating system according to claim 1 or 2 further includes rectifier, the rectifier and the motor coupling It closes, and under the generator mode, the electric current that the motor generates is converted into direct current.
5. afterheat generating system according to claim 4 further includes rectification control system, the rectification control system and institute Motor and rectifier coupling are stated, and according to the state parameter of the motor, generates pulse train wave signal, and be supplied to described whole Flow device.
6. afterheat generating system according to claim 4 further includes battery, the battery and the rectifier connect It connects.
7. afterheat generating system according to claim 2, wherein the motor is connected to friendship by ac bus breaker Bus is flowed, the motor handover control system controls the on-off of the ac bus breaker.
8. afterheat generating system according to claim 4, the motor is connected to the rectifier by generator terminal breaker, The motor handover control system controls the on-off of the generator terminal breaker.
9. a kind of nuclear power station, comprising:
Reactor;
Air cooling tower;
Air cooler in the air cooling tower is set, and the air cooler can receive the waste heat from the reactor and pass to sky Air in cold tower;
Such as afterheat generating system of any of claims 1-8, it is arranged in the air cooling tower.
10. afterheat generating system according to claim 9 opens the air door, the electricity when the reactor shutdown Machine is switched to generator mode.
11. a kind of can be used for the control method such as afterheat generating system of any of claims 1-8, comprising:
When reactor shutdown, the air door is opened;
The motor is switched to generator mode;With
Store the electric energy that the motor generates.
CN201910496286.XA 2019-06-10 2019-06-10 Waste heat power generation system and method and nuclear power station comprising waste heat power generation system Active CN110190711B (en)

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CN1877746A (en) * 2006-07-06 2006-12-13 华北电力大学 Nuclear energy-wind energy natural-circulation cogeneration system
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CN204961171U (en) * 2015-09-30 2016-01-13 四川亚欧鼎新能源科技有限公司 Nuclear power station waste heat wind generator system
CN105810256A (en) * 2014-12-29 2016-07-27 国核华清(北京)核电技术研发中心有限公司 Passive residual heat removal system for nuclear power plant
CN108729967A (en) * 2017-04-25 2018-11-02 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 Nuclear power generating system and its control method
CN108831573A (en) * 2018-06-28 2018-11-16 哈尔滨工程大学 A kind of nuclear power station secondary side passive residual heat removal security system

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1877746A (en) * 2006-07-06 2006-12-13 华北电力大学 Nuclear energy-wind energy natural-circulation cogeneration system
CN101876263A (en) * 2009-04-30 2010-11-03 邢台新光工程技术有限责任公司 Afterheat steam utilization system
CN103733267A (en) * 2011-08-17 2014-04-16 西屋电气有限责任公司 Backup nuclear reactor auxiliary power using decay heat
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