CN110184895B - Bridge capable of automatically adjusting height along with rising of river water level and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Bridge capable of automatically adjusting height along with rising of river water level and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110184895B CN110184895B CN201910583704.9A CN201910583704A CN110184895B CN 110184895 B CN110184895 B CN 110184895B CN 201910583704 A CN201910583704 A CN 201910583704A CN 110184895 B CN110184895 B CN 110184895B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D15/00—Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
- E01D15/14—Floating bridges, e.g. pontoon bridges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D15/00—Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
- E01D15/14—Floating bridges, e.g. pontoon bridges
- E01D15/145—Floating bridges, e.g. pontoon bridges displaceable or with sections movable to allow passing of water-borne traffic
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D19/00—Structural or constructional details of bridges
- E01D19/005—Piers, trestles, bearings, expansion joints or parapets specially adapted for portable or sectional bridges
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
- E01D2101/30—Metal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
- E01D2101/30—Metal
- E01D2101/34—Metal non-ferrous, e.g. aluminium
Abstract
A bridge capable of automatically adjusting height along with the rising of river water level and a construction method thereof are provided, wherein the bridge is composed of a main girder and an approach bridge; the girder consists of a group of closed girder boxes, and the front end and the rear end of the girder boxes are respectively erected on the bridge piers through supports capable of automatically adjusting the height by means of buoyancy of water; the upper end of the bridge guiding plate of the bridge approach is hinged with the end parts of bridge panels of the front and rear main beam boxes of the main beam, and the lower end of the bridge guiding plate can slide in a supporting plate sliding groove on the bridge approach bearing platform through a pulley B. The construction method comprises the steps of manufacturing a main beam box body, manufacturing a lifting device, installing the main beam box body to form a main beam, constructing a bridge guiding plate and the like. The bridge can automatically adjust the height along with the river water level and has a height self-locking function, and the bridge can not be submerged when the water level rises, and can not jolt along with the fluctuation of the water level; the normal height of the main girder is restored by the labor force after the water level is reduced; the bridge does not need an excessively high bridge pier, and the engineering cost is relatively low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bridge engineering, in particular to a bridge with height capable of being automatically adjusted along with the rise of river water level and a construction method thereof.
Background
In mountainous areas with frequent floods, some rivers are in flood season, and the river water level is raised due to water quantity surge. The torrent with greatly rising water level can submerge and even destroy bridges, so that mountain roads are interrupted, and villagers cannot communicate with the outside.
There are two types of bridges currently constructed in such a river channel: one is a bridge of fixed height, which is the majority; the other is a floating bridge, which occupies a small number.
The bridge with fixed height is divided into a bridge which can not flow across the bridge deck when the river is at the highest water level in the flood season and a flood bridge which can flow across the bridge deck according to the height.
For a flood bridge, the following disadvantages exist: (1) when the rising amplitude of the river water level is not large, the impact of the river water on the bridge can cause the river water to splash on the bridge deck, so that the road surface is wet and slippery, and the pedestrian traffic and safety are affected; (2) when the fluctuation amplitude of the river water level is large, the bridge floor can be completely submerged, the bridge cannot be normally used, and pedestrians cannot pass through; (3) bridge may be flung down temporarily when rough flood peaks occur.
For the bridge which can not overflow the bridge deck in the highest water level of the river in the flood season, the foundation of the bridge is deepened and the approach is prolonged because the height of the bridge pier is increased, so that the construction cost is increased, and pedestrians and vehicles are inconvenient to pass after the height of the bridge is increased.
For some special purposes (such as temporary military use) or for the passage of few people in remote areas, the floating bridge is erected on the river surface, and the bridge deck is floated by utilizing the buoyancy of water for pedestrians or vehicles to pass through. The floating bridge has low cost because of no bridge pier, but can be fluctuated up and down along with the change of river water level when in use, and the floating bridge is unstable when the water wave is large, thereby influencing the use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a bridge with the height capable of being automatically adjusted along with the rise of the river water level and a construction method thereof, so as to solve the technical problems of the existing bridge.
The bridge capable of automatically adjusting the height along with the rise of the river water level comprises a main girder and a bridge approach;
the main beam consists of a group of closed main beam boxes which are mutually connected front and back along the bridge and can float in water, and the front end and the back end of the main beam boxes are respectively erected on the bridge pier through supports capable of automatically adjusting the height by means of buoyancy of water;
the inside of the main beam box body is provided with a vertical partition board, the closed main beam box body is divided into a plurality of cavities by the partition board, once individual cavities leak water, other cavities can still be guaranteed to be sealed, the whole main beam box body is prevented from being filled with water to fail, and meanwhile, the effect of improving the rigidity and bearing capacity of the main beam box body is achieved; the top of the main beam box body is provided with bridge panels, the front end and the rear end of which extend out of the front wall and the rear wall of the main beam box body; the water permeable pore canal for the river water to pass through is arranged along the transverse direction of the main girder box body, and the river water passes through the water permeable pore canal, so that the impact force of the water flow on the side wall of the main girder box body can be lightened, and the shaking of the main girder box body is lightened;
the support comprises a tooth shaft which is vertically and fixedly arranged on the bottom surfaces of the front end and the rear end of the main beam box body and has a square cross section, and a lifting device which is fixedly arranged at the top end of the bridge pier and is matched with the tooth shaft; the lifting device comprises a square shell, wherein a clutch type tooth buckle capable of being meshed with the tooth shaft is arranged in the shell, and consists of four toothed plates which are respectively provided with a gear shaft and can be meshed with the tooth shaft; the teeth of the toothed shaft are inverted teeth with an angle of 20 degrees, and the teeth of the toothed plate are cis teeth with an angle of 20 degrees; compression springs for controlling the separation and reunion of the four toothed plates are respectively arranged between the outer walls of the four toothed plates and the inner wall of the shell, pull rods are respectively fixed on the outer walls of the four toothed plates, the outer ends of the pull rods penetrate through holes formed in the shell and are hinged with the upper ends of lever handles capable of pulling the pull rods to extend outwards, and the fulcrums of the levers are fixed on the outer walls of the shell near the hinged positions of the handles and the pull rods; pulleys A are respectively arranged between the upper end and the lower end of the toothed plate and the upper inner wall and the lower inner wall of the shell;
the bridge approach comprises bridge approach plates, wherein the upper ends of the bridge approach plates are respectively hinged with the end parts of bridge deck plates of the front and rear main beam boxes of the main beams through hinges, the lower ends of the bridge approach plates are provided with pulleys B, the pulleys B are arranged in sliding grooves on supporting plates, the supporting plates are fixed on bridge approach bearing platforms, and the bridge approach bearing platforms are fixed on taper slopes; the inclination of the bridge approach plate with the horizontal plane is 0-3 degrees when the main beam is at the lowest position.
The method for constructing the bridge with the height capable of being automatically adjusted along with the rise of the river water level comprises the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a main beam box body
(1) The girder box body is made of aluminum alloy plates with the thickness of 8mm by welding, and the longitudinal (bridge trend) length of the girder box body is L mg The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance between the partition boards is 30-50 cm, and the transverse width of the main beam box body is B mg (L mg And B mg Selected according to the length and width of the main girder), at L mg And B mg After the selection, the height H of the main girder box body mg The following formula is calculated to obtain:
H mg ＝max{H mgf ，H mgF }
wherein H is mgf The main beam box body height required by the main beam box body height always kept above the water surface when the water level rises (under the buoyancy effect),
wherein: q mg The unit is kN/m for the weight of the main girder box body per linear meter,
q r the weight of the crowd is loaded at most per linear meter on the main girder box body, the unit is kN/m,
g is gravity acceleration, 9.81N/kg is taken,
ρ w for the volume weight of water, 1000kN/m is taken 3 ，
B mg The transverse width of the main beam box body is the unit m;
H mgF the main beam box body height can meet the requirement of the bending strength of the main beam box body when the water level is low (the buoyancy is not acted),
wherein: q mg The unit is kN/m for the weight of the main girder box body per linear meter,
q r the weight of the crowd is loaded at most per linear meter on the main girder box body, the unit is kN/m,
[σ]is the allowable stress of the aluminum alloy material, and the unit is kN/m 3 ，
I z Is the moment of inertia of the section of the main beam box body, and the unit is m 4 ，
L mg The length of the main beam box body is m;
(2) The two ends of the main beam box body are provided with tooth shafts;
1) Manufacturing a gear shaft:
the gear shaft is made of stainless steel materials; length of tooth shaft l cz The height of the main beam is selected according to the flood season and the dry season; the cross section of the gear shaft adopts square shape, four sides of the gear shaft are provided with continuous inverted teeth with tooth length of 3cm and angle of 20 DEG, and the side length b of the cross section cz Should not be less than the calculated value of:
wherein: q mg The unit is kN/m for the weight of the main girder box body per linear meter,
q r the weight of the crowd is loaded at most per linear meter on the main girder box body, the unit is kN/m,
[τ]is the allowable shear stress of stainless steel material, and is the unit kN/m 3 ，
n is the number of gear shafts at one end of the main beam box body, and the unit number (n is recommended to take on a value of 3, when b cz When the value is greater than 0.1, n may take a larger value),
L mg is the length of the main beam box body, the unit is m,
H mg is the height of the main beam box body, the unit is m,
ρ w for the volume weight of water, 1000kN/m is taken 3 ；
v is the maximum speed of water flow in the flood season of the river channel where the bridge is positioned, and the unit is m/s;
2) And (3) mounting a gear shaft: a group of mounting holes are formed in the bottom surfaces of the front end and the rear end of the bridge deck of the main beam box body, one end of a gear shaft is inserted into the mounting holes, and then the gear shaft is fixed at the end part of the main beam box body through welding, so that the main beam box body with the gear shaft at the two ends is manufactured;
step 2, manufacturing a lifting device
(1) Four toothed plates of clutch type tooth buckles in the lifting device are manufactured:
the four toothed plates are respectively made of stainless steel plates with the thickness of 35mm, the height and the width of the four toothed plates are respectively the same as the length of the toothed shaft and the width of one side of the toothed shaft, the outer sides of the four toothed plates are plane, the inner sides of the four toothed plates are provided with sequential teeth which are continuous, 3cm long and take 20 degrees at an angle, the center of the outer side face is vertically welded with a pull rod, the tail end of the pull rod is hinged with the front end of a lever type handle, and one end of a compression spring is respectively welded on the outer side face at the center point of the vertical lines of the upper edge and the lower edge of the pull rod and the outer side face; the upper end face and the lower end face of each toothed plate are respectively provided with a pulley A;
(2) Manufacturing of a housing in a lifting device
The shell is made of stainless steel plates with the thickness of 20mm, the four side plates of the shell are manufactured corresponding to the four toothed plates of the clutch type tooth buckle, the widths of the four side plates are respectively used for enabling the four toothed plates to be combined into a compressed state by a space formed by mutually butting the four toothed plates, the heights of the four side plates are respectively larger than the height of the toothed plates by 40mm, central holes for the pull rods on the toothed plates to pass through are respectively formed in the centers of the four side plates, and steel bars with the diameter of 20mm are transversely welded on the outer walls of the side plates lower than the central holes by 45mm and serve as fulcrums of lever type handles; then respectively manufacturing a top plate and a bottom plate, respectively forming a tooth shaft penetrating hole (411) for a tooth shaft to penetrate through at the center of the top plate and the bottom plate, and forming a bolt mounting hole (412) on the bottom plate; then the four side plates are mutually butted and welded into a whole, and then the bottom plate and the side plates are welded to form a barrel shape, and the top plate is ready for use;
(3) Drilling and installing pier cover at pier top
A square hole (61) which can be smoothly stretched in when the gear shaft descends to the bottommost part is drilled at the upper part of the bridge pier along the axial center line, a bridge pier cover (49) made of stainless steel plates with the thickness of 15mm is arranged at the top of the bridge pier, the size of the bridge pier cover is required to ensure that the bridge pier cover is closely matched with the top of the bridge pier, a square hole corresponding to the square hole (61) is formed in the center of the top surface of the bridge pier cover, and a bolt hole corresponding to a bolt mounting hole on the bottom surface of the shell is formed in the top surface of the bridge pier cover; buckling the processed pier cover at the top of the pier, and fixing the pier cover and the pier by using expansion bolts B (413) on the side wall of the pier cover, so that the pier cover plays a role in reinforcing the top of the pier and dispersing loads transmitted to the pier by the support;
(4) Assembled lifting device
The barrel-shaped shell manufactured in the step 2) passes through bolt holes on the bottom plate of the shell and the top surface of the pier cover through expansion bolts A (410) to fix the shell on the pier; then the four toothed plates manufactured in the step 2) are respectively arranged in a barrel-shaped shell, so that a pulley A on the bottom surface of the toothed plate can slide on a bottom plate of the shell, a pull rod and a handle on each toothed plate extend out of the shell through a hole formed in the center of a side plate of the shell, the other end of a compression spring is connected with the inner wall of the shell, and the four toothed plates are pulled by a lever-type handle to be mutually butted by the compression spring to form a clutch type toothed buckle; then welding the top plate of the shell on the side wall of the shell, so that the pulley A on the top surface of the toothed plate can slide on the inner wall of the top plate of the shell, thereby completing the assembly of each lifting device and the pier; then, assembling a lifting device positioned on the river bank on the top of the inner side (the height is equal to the top of the pier) of the slope-shaped conical slope in the same way (at the moment, an L-shaped steel cover is used for replacing the pier cover);
step 3, installing a main beam box body to form a main beam
The gear shafts of the multiple main beam boxes with the gear shafts at the two ends manufactured in the step 2 are inserted into square holes of the bridge pier and the river bank respectively through clutch gear buckles of the assembled lifting device (at the moment, four toothed plates of the clutch gear buckles are pulled to be in a separated state through pull rods), and then hinges are arranged between the main beam boxes to form the main beam of the bridge;
step 4, constructing a bridge guiding plate
Constructing an approach bridge bearing platform on the taper slope (7); the front bridge guiding plate and the rear bridge guiding plate are respectively made of 8mm thick aluminum alloy materials, the bridge guiding plate adopts a single-box multi-chamber mode, the spacing between the bridge guiding plate webs (31) is 30-50 cm, the transverse width of the bridge guiding plate is the same as that of the main beam, the length of the bridge guiding plate is based on the condition that the main beam forms an angle of 0-3 degrees with the horizontal plane when the main beam is lowered to the lowest position (in the river withered period),
the cross section height of the bridge guiding plate is H yq Calculated as follows:
wherein: q yq The unit is kN/m for the weight of each linear meter of the bridge plate;
q r the weight of the crowd is loaded at most per linear meter on the bridge guiding plate, and the unit is kN/m;
[σ]is the allowable stress of the aluminum alloy material, and the unit is kN/m 3 ；
I' z Unit m is the moment of inertia of the cross section of the bridge approach plate 4 ；
L yq The unit is m, which is the length of the bridge approach plate;
the upper ends of the front bridge guiding plate and the rear bridge guiding plate are hinged with the end parts of the installed main beam box body respectively, the lower end of the bridge guiding plate is provided with a pulley B, a supporting plate with a sliding groove (not shown) on the upper surface is fixedly paved on the bridge guiding bearing platform, the pulley B is arranged in the sliding groove and can slide along the sliding groove, so that the lower end of the bridge guiding plate can move forwards and backwards along with the up-and-down movement of the main beam box body.
The working principle of the bridge is as follows:
when the river water level rises to a certain height of the girder belly, the river water generates upward buoyancy to the girder box body to push the girder box body to move upwards, at the moment, the tooth shafts of the girder box body apply pressure to the four tooth plates of the clutch type tooth buckles, so that the closed tooth plates are separated against the elasticity of the compression springs, the tooth shafts are 20-degree inverted teeth based on the fact that the tooth plates are 20-degree forward teeth, teeth on the tooth shafts and teeth on the tooth plates are relatively staggered, and the tooth shafts move upwards along with the girder box body; after the buoyancy and the weight of the main beam box body are balanced, the main beam box body stops moving upwards, the pressure of the tooth shaft on the four tooth plates is relieved, the four tooth plates of the clutch type tooth buckle are restored to be in a closed state by the elasticity of the compression spring and are meshed with the tooth shaft, and the tooth shaft cannot move downwards due to 20-degree inverted teeth and 20-degree forward teeth of the tooth plate based on the tooth shaft, so that the tooth shaft is locked at the position; even if the river fluctuates up and down at the water level, the height of the main beam is locked at the highest water level position and cannot change, so that the main beam cannot fluctuate up and down along with the river surface, and the operation is stable. When the water level becomes low in the past of the river flood period, the pull rod welded on the toothed plates is pulled by the lever type handle, the elasticity of the compression spring is overcome, the four toothed plates of the clutch type toothed buckle are separated and are disengaged with the toothed shaft, and the main beam descends by self weight to restore to the original state.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the girder of the bridge can automatically adjust the height along with the river water level, has a height self-locking function, so that the bridge can not be submerged when the water level rises, and can not jolt along with the up-and-down fluctuation of the water level, and has a self-stabilizing function; the normal height of the main girder is restored by the labor force after the water level is reduced; the bridge does not need an excessively high pier, and the engineering cost is relatively low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view (side view) of the overall structure of the bridge of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view (side view) of the main beam box of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a view (longitudinal cross-sectional view) of the elevating device of the stand of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a top view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is an assembly view of the lifting device and the bridge pier;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the approach of FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the bridge plate of FIG. 7;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the bridge of the present invention.
The symbols marked in fig. 1: 1-bridge approach bearing platform, 2-supporting plate, 3-bridge approach plate, 31-bridge approach plate web, 4-supporting seat, 41-gear shaft, 42-shell, 43-gear plate, 44-compression spring, 45-pull rod, 46-lever handle, 47- (handle) pivot, 48-pulley A, 49-bridge pier cover, 410-expansion bolt A,411- (gear shaft penetrating hole on shell top plate and bottom plate), 412-expansion bolt mounting hole, 413-expansion bolt B, 5-main beam box, 51-bridge panel, 52-partition plate, 53-water permeable pore, 6-bridge pier, 61- (square hole on bridge pier), 7-taper slope, 8-hinge, 9-pulley B.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The embodiment is a bridge which is erected on a river in a mountain area and can automatically adjust the height along with the rising of the water level of the river. The width of the river channel is 43m, the maximum speed v of the water flow in the flood season is 6m/s, the bridge consists of a main beam and an approach bridge, the length of the main beam is 8.5m, and the regulating height of the main beam in the flood season and the dead water season is 1.5m.
In combination with fig. 1, the girder of the bridge consists of 5 sections of closed girder boxes 5 which are mutually connected along the bridge and can float in water, and the front end and the rear end of each girder box are respectively erected on a bridge pier 6 through supports 4 capable of automatically adjusting the height by means of the buoyancy of water.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the main beam box body 5 is made of aluminum alloy plates with the thickness of 8mm by welding
Length of the body in longitudinal direction (bridge direction) L mg =8.5m, with inter-space of 68Vertical partition plate 52 of 8cm, partition plate divides closed girder box into 8 cavitys, transverse width B of girder box mg ＝5.5m；
Height H of main girder box mg According to H mg ＝max{H mgf ，H mgF Value of }: h mgf Ensuring that one third of the height of the main beam box body is always kept at the required height of the main beam box body above the water surface when the water level rises for the enterprise, H mgF The height of the main beam box body can meet the requirement of the bending strength of the main beam box body when the water level is low (the main beam box body is not under the buoyancy effect), and the main beam box body is according to a calculation formula The following technical parameters are given in this embodiment
Weight q of main girder box body per linear meter mg At a rate of 9.35kN/m,
the main girder box body bears the weight q of the crowd at most per linear meter r At a rate of 5kN/m,
the gravitational acceleration g was 9.81N/kg,
water volume weight ρ w 1000kN/m 3 ，
Allowable stress [ sigma ] of aluminum alloy material]Is 295000kN/m 3 ，
Moment of inertia I of main beam box section z 0.00308H mgf 2 m 4 ，
Obtaining H mgf ＝0.267m，H mgF ＝0.985m，
According to H mg ＝max{H mgf ，H mgF Height H of main girder box mg Taking 0.985m;
the top of the main beam box body is provided with a bridge deck 51 with 20mm of front and rear walls of the main beam box body extending out from the front and rear ends of the main beam box body; a circular permeable duct 53 for the passage of river water is arranged along the transverse direction of the main beam box body, and the diameter of the permeable duct is 250mm.
Referring to fig. 2 to 6, the support 4 includes 3 toothed shafts 41 with square cross sections and vertically fixed on the bottom surfaces of two ends of the main beam box body, and lifting devices fixedly installed on the top end of the bridge pier 6 and respectively matched with the toothed shafts.
The gear shaft 41 is made of stainless steel material and has a length l cz Is 1.5m (same as the main beam in the flood season and the dry season), four sides are provided with continuous inverted teeth with tooth length of 3cm and angle of 20 DEG, and the side length b of the cross section of the tooth shaft cz According to the calculation formula(not less than the calculated value) and the following technical parameters given in the present embodiment:
weight q of main girder box body per linear meter mg At a rate of 9.35kN/m,
the main girder box body bears the weight q of the crowd at most per linear meter r Is q r At a rate of 5kN/m,
allowable shear stress [ tau ] of stainless steel material]400000kN/m 2 ，
The number n of the gear shafts at one end of the main beam box body is 3,
height H of main girder box mg Is 0.985mm in diameter and is not limited,
water volume weight ρ w 1000kN/m 3 ，
The maximum speed v of the water flow of the river channel in the flood season of the bridge is 6m/s,
obtaining the side length b of the cross section of the gear shaft czz Should not be less than 60mm, b cz 100mm was taken.
The lifting device comprises a square shell 42, wherein a clutch type tooth buckle capable of being meshed with the tooth shaft is arranged in the shell and consists of four toothed plates 43 which are respectively provided with a gear shaft capable of being meshed with the tooth shaft.
Compression springs 44 for controlling the separation and reunion of the four toothed plates are respectively arranged between the outer walls of the four toothed plates and the inner wall of the shell, pull rods 45 are respectively fixed on the outer walls of the four toothed plates, the outer ends of the pull rods penetrate through holes formed in the shell and are hinged with the upper ends of lever handles 46 capable of pulling the pull rods to extend outwards, and fulcrums 47 of the levers are fixed on the outer walls of the shell near the hinged positions of the handles and the pull rods; pulleys A48 are respectively arranged between the upper end and the lower end of the toothed plate and the upper inner wall and the lower inner wall of the shell.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the bridge approach comprises a bridge approach plate 3 with upper ends respectively hinged with the bridge deck ends of the front and rear main beam boxes of the main beam through hinges 8, and the length L of the bridge approach plate yq The lower end of the bridge guiding plate is provided with a pulley B9 at 5m, the pulley B is arranged in a chute (not shown) on a supporting plate 2, the supporting plate is fixed on a bridge guiding bearing platform 1, and the bridge guiding bearing platform is fixed on a conical slope 7. The bridge guiding plate has a slope of 3 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane when the main beam is at the lowest position. The transverse width of the bridge guiding plate is the same as that of the main beam, the bridge guiding plate is formed into a single box seven-chamber form by six bridge guiding plate webs 31 which are mutually separated by 400mm,
the cross section height of the bridge guiding plate is H yq According to the formulaAnd the following technical parameters given in the present embodiment
Weight q of main girder box body per linear meter mg At a rate of 9.35kN/m,
the main girder box body bears the weight q of the crowd at most per linear meter r At a rate of 5kN/m,
allowable stress [ sigma ] of aluminum alloy material]Is 295000kN/m 3 ，
Moment of inertia I 'of the bridge plate cross section' z 0.00122m 4 ，
Length L of bridge plate yq Is set to be 5m, the number of the components is set to be 5m,
obtaining H yq ＝196mm。
The construction method of the bridge comprises the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a main beam box body
The main beam box body is manufactured by welding an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 8 mm; manufacturing a gear shaft by using a stainless steel material; respectively arranging 3 mounting holes on the bottom surfaces of the front end and the rear end of the main beam box body, inserting one end of a gear shaft into the mounting holes, and then fixing the gear shaft at the end part of the main beam box body by welding to manufacture the main beam box body with the gear shaft at the two ends;
step 2, manufacturing a lifting device
(1) Firstly, manufacturing four toothed plates of clutch type tooth buckles in a lifting device:
the four toothed plates are respectively made of stainless steel plates with the thickness of 35mm, the height of the toothed plates is 300mm, the width of the toothed plates is 100mm, the outer sides of the toothed plates are plane, the inner sides of the toothed plates are provided with sequential teeth which are continuous, 3cm long and take 20 degrees at an angle, the centers of the outer side surfaces are vertically welded with a pull rod, the tail ends of the pull rod are hinged with the front ends of lever handles, and one ends of compression springs are respectively welded on the outer side surfaces at the central points of the vertical lines of the upper edges and the lower edges of the pull rod and the outer side surfaces; the upper end face and the lower end face of each toothed plate are respectively provided with a pulley A;
(2) Manufacturing of a housing in a lifting device
Manufacturing a shell by using stainless steel plates with the thickness of 20mm, and manufacturing four side plates of the shell corresponding to four toothed plates of the clutch type toothed buckle, wherein the widths of the four side plates are respectively 350mm, the heights of the four side plates are respectively 340mm, center holes with the diameters of 25mm are respectively formed in the centers of the four side plates, and steel bars with the diameters of 20mm are transversely welded on the outer walls of the side plates lower than the center holes by 45mm and serve as fulcrums of lever type handles; then respectively manufacturing a top plate and a bottom plate, respectively forming a gear shaft penetrating hole (411) with the diameter of 160mm at the center of the top plate and the bottom plate, and forming a bolt mounting hole (412) on the bottom plate; then the four side plates are mutually butted and welded into a whole, and then the bottom plate and the side plates are welded to form a barrel shape, and the top plate is ready for use;
(3) Drilling and installing pier cover at pier top
Square holes (61) with the diameter of 165mm and the hole depth of 1100mm are drilled on the upper part of the bridge pier along the axial center line, a bridge pier cover (49) made of stainless steel plates with the thickness of 15mm is arranged on the top of the bridge pier, the size of the bridge pier cover is not fixed, the center of the top surface of the bridge pier cover is provided with the diameter of 165mm, and the top surface of the bridge pier cover is provided with a bolt hole corresponding to a bolt mounting hole on the bottom surface of the shell; buckling the processed pier cover at the top of the pier, and fixing the pier cover and the pier by using expansion bolts B (413) on the side wall of the pier cover, so that the pier cover plays a role in reinforcing the top of the pier and dispersing loads transmitted to the pier by the support;
(4) Assembled lifting device
The barrel-shaped shell manufactured in the step 2 is fixed on the bridge pier by penetrating the expansion bolts A (410) through bolt holes on the bottom plate of the shell and the top surface of the bridge pier cover; then, the four toothed plates manufactured in the step 2 are respectively arranged in a barrel-shaped shell, so that a pulley A on the bottom surface of each toothed plate can slide on a bottom plate of the shell, a pull rod and a handle on each toothed plate penetrate through a hole formed in the center of a side plate of the shell to extend out of the shell, the other end of each compression spring is connected with the inner wall of the shell, and the four toothed plates are pulled by the lever type handle to be mutually butted by the compression springs to form a clutch type toothed buckle; then welding the top plate of the shell on the side wall of the shell, so that the pulley A (48) on the top surface of the toothed plate can slide on the inner wall of the top plate of the shell, thereby completing the assembly of each lifting device and the pier; then, an L-shaped steel cover similar to the pier cover (namely, three side plates of the pier cover are removed) is used for assembling a lifting device positioned on a protecting bank at the top of the inner side (the height of the inner side is equal to the top of the pier) of the slope-shaped conical slope in the same way;
step 3, installing a main beam box body to form a main beam
The gear shafts of the multiple main beam boxes with the gear shafts at the two ends manufactured in the step 2 are inserted into square holes of the bridge pier and the river bank respectively through clutch gear buckles of the assembled lifting device (at the moment, four toothed plates of the clutch gear buckles are pulled to be in a separated state through pull rods), and then hinges are arranged between the main beam boxes to form the main beam of the bridge;
step 4, constructing a bridge guiding plate
Constructing an approach bridge bearing platform on the conical slope; the bridge guiding plate is made of 8mm thick aluminum alloy materials, the upper ends of the front bridge guiding plate and the rear bridge guiding plate are hinged (8) with the end parts of the installed main beam box body respectively, a pulley B (9) is installed at the lower end of the bridge guiding plate, a supporting plate (2) with a sliding groove (not shown) formed in the upper surface is fixedly paved on a bridge guiding bearing platform (1), the pulley B is arranged in the sliding groove and can slide along the sliding groove, and the lower end of the bridge guiding plate can move forwards and backwards along with the up-and-down movement of the main beam box body.
The working principle of the bridge of the invention is shown in figure 9. The upper left view in fig. 9 shows an initial state of the main beam box body under no buoyancy, the right view shows an ascending state of the main beam box body under buoyancy (the tooth shaft of the main beam box body applies pressure to the four toothed plates of the clutch type tooth buckle to separate the closed toothed plates against the elastic force of the compression spring), and the lower left view shows a state of the main beam box body after the buoyancy and the weight of the main beam box body are balanced and the main beam box body stops moving upwards (the pressure of the toothed shaft to the four toothed plates is relieved, and the four toothed plates of the clutch type tooth buckle are restored to be closed and meshed with the toothed shaft by the elastic force of the compression spring).
Claims (1)
1. A method for constructing a bridge with automatically adjustable height along with the rising of the river water level comprises a main girder and a bridge approach;
the main beam consists of a group of closed main beam boxes (5) which are mutually connected front and back along the bridge and can float in water, and the front end and the back end of each main beam box are respectively erected on the bridge pier (6) through supports (4) capable of automatically adjusting the height by means of the buoyancy of water;
a vertical partition plate (52) is arranged in the main beam box body (5), and divides the closed main beam box body into a plurality of cavities; the top of the main beam box body is provided with bridge panels (51) with front and rear ends extending out of the front and rear walls of the main beam box body; a water permeable duct (53) for river water to pass through is arranged along the transverse direction of the main beam box body;
the support (4) comprises a gear shaft (41) which is vertically and fixedly arranged on the bottom surfaces of the front end and the rear end of the main beam box body and has a square cross section, and a lifting device which is fixedly arranged at the top end of the bridge pier (6) and is matched with the gear shaft; the lifting device comprises a square shell (42), wherein a clutch type tooth buckle capable of being meshed with the tooth shaft is arranged in the shell and consists of four toothed plates (43) which are respectively provided with a gear shaft capable of being meshed with the tooth shaft; the teeth of the toothed shaft are inverted teeth with an angle of 20 degrees, and the teeth of the toothed plate are cis teeth with an angle of 20 degrees; compression springs (44) for controlling the separation and reunion of the four toothed plates are respectively arranged between the outer walls of the four toothed plates and the inner wall of the shell, pull rods (45) are respectively fixed on the outer walls of the four toothed plates, the outer ends of the pull rods penetrate through holes formed in the shell and are hinged with the upper ends of lever handles (46) capable of pulling the pull rods to extend outwards, and fulcrums (47) of the levers are fixed on the outer walls of the shell near the hinged positions of the handles and the pull rods; pulleys A (48) are respectively arranged between the upper end and the lower end of the toothed plate and the upper inner wall and the lower inner wall of the shell;
the bridge approach comprises a bridge approach plate (3) with the upper ends respectively hinged with the bridge deck ends of the front and rear main girder boxes of the main girders through hinges (8), a pulley B (9) is arranged at the lower end of the bridge approach plate, the pulley B is arranged in a chute on a supporting plate (2), the supporting plate is fixed on a bridge approach bearing platform (1), and the bridge approach bearing platform is fixed on a taper slope (7); the inclination of the bridge approach plate with the horizontal plane is 0-3 degrees when the main beam is at the lowest position;
the method for constructing the bridge with the height capable of being automatically adjusted along with the rise of the river water level comprises the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a main beam box body
(1) The girder box body is made of aluminum alloy plates with the thickness of 8mm through welding, and the longitudinal length of the girder box body is L mg The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance between the partition boards is 30-50 cm, and the transverse width of the main beam box body is B mg At L mg And B mg After the selection, the height H of the main girder box body mg The following formula is calculated to obtain:
H mg ＝max{H mgf ，H mgF }
wherein H is mgf The main beam box body height required by the main beam box body height always kept above the water surface when the water level rises,
wherein: q mg The unit is kN/m for the weight of the main girder box body per linear meter,
q r the weight of the crowd is loaded at most per linear meter on the main girder box body, the unit is kN/m,
g is gravity acceleration, 9.81N/kg is taken,
ρ w for the volume weight of water, 1000kN/m is taken 3 ，
B mg The transverse width of the main beam box body is the unit m;
H mgF is the main beam box body height which can meet the requirement of the bending strength of the main beam box body at low water level,
wherein: q mg The unit is kN/m for the weight of the main girder box body per linear meter,
q r the weight of the crowd is loaded at most per linear meter on the main beam box body, and the unit is kN/m，
[σ]Is the allowable stress of the aluminum alloy material, and the unit is kN/m 3 ，
I z Is the moment of inertia of the section of the main beam box body, and the unit is m 4 ，
L mg The length of the main beam box body is m;
(2) The two ends of the main beam box body are provided with tooth shafts;
1) Manufacturing a gear shaft:
the gear shaft is made of stainless steel materials; length of tooth shaft l cz The height of the main beam is selected according to the flood season and the dry season; the cross section of the gear shaft adopts square shape, four sides of the gear shaft are provided with continuous inverted teeth with tooth length of 3cm and angle of 20 DEG, and the side length b of the cross section cz Should not be less than the calculated value of:
wherein: q mg The unit is kN/m for the weight of the main girder box body per linear meter,
q r the weight of the crowd is loaded at most per linear meter on the main girder box body, the unit is kN/m,
[τ]is the allowable shear stress of stainless steel material, and is the unit kN/m 3 ，
n is the number of gear shafts at one end of the main beam box body, the unit is,
L mg is the length of the main beam box body, the unit is m,
H mg is the height of the main beam box body, the unit is m,
ρ w for the volume weight of water, 1000kN/m is taken 3 ；
v is the maximum speed of water flow in the flood season of the river channel where the bridge is positioned, and the unit is m/s;
2) And (3) mounting a gear shaft: a group of mounting holes are formed in the bottom surfaces of the front end and the rear end of the bridge deck of the main beam box body, one end of a gear shaft is inserted into the mounting holes, and then the gear shaft is fixed at the end part of the main beam box body through welding, so that the main beam box body with the gear shaft at the two ends is manufactured;
step 2, manufacturing a lifting device
(1) Four toothed plates of clutch type tooth buckles in the lifting device are manufactured:
the four toothed plates are respectively made of stainless steel plates with the thickness of 35mm, the height and the width of the four toothed plates are respectively the same as the length of the toothed shaft and the width of one side of the toothed shaft, the outer sides of the four toothed plates are plane, the inner sides of the four toothed plates are provided with sequential teeth which are continuous, 3cm long and take 20 degrees at an angle, the center of the outer side face is vertically welded with a pull rod, the tail end of the pull rod is hinged with the front end of a lever type handle, and one end of a compression spring is respectively welded on the outer side face at the center point of the vertical lines of the upper edge and the lower edge of the pull rod and the outer side face; the upper end face and the lower end face of each toothed plate are respectively provided with a pulley A;
(2) Manufacturing of a housing in a lifting device
The shell is made of stainless steel plates with the thickness of 20mm, the four side plates of the shell are manufactured corresponding to the four toothed plates of the clutch type tooth buckle, the widths of the four side plates are respectively used for enabling the four toothed plates to be combined into a compressed state by a space formed by mutually butting the four toothed plates, the heights of the four side plates are respectively larger than the height of the toothed plates by 40mm, central holes for the pull rods on the toothed plates to pass through are respectively formed in the centers of the four side plates, and steel bars with the diameter of 20mm are transversely welded on the outer walls of the side plates lower than the central holes by 45mm and serve as fulcrums of lever type handles; then respectively manufacturing a top plate and a bottom plate, respectively forming a tooth shaft penetrating hole (411) for a tooth shaft to penetrate through at the center of the top plate and the bottom plate, and forming a bolt mounting hole (412) on the bottom plate; then the four side plates are mutually butted and welded into a whole, and then the bottom plate and the side plates are welded to form a barrel shape, and the top plate is ready for use;
(3) Drilling and installing pier cover at pier top
A square hole (61) which can be smoothly stretched in when the gear shaft descends to the bottommost part is drilled at the upper part of the bridge pier along the axial center line, a bridge pier cover (49) made of stainless steel plates with the thickness of 15mm is arranged at the top of the bridge pier, the size of the bridge pier cover is required to ensure that the bridge pier cover is closely matched with the top of the bridge pier, a square hole corresponding to the square hole (61) is formed in the center of the top surface of the bridge pier cover, and a bolt hole corresponding to a bolt mounting hole on the bottom surface of the shell is formed in the top surface of the bridge pier cover; buckling the processed pier cover at the top of the pier, and fixing the pier cover and the pier by using expansion bolts B (413) on the side wall of the pier cover, so that the pier cover plays a role in reinforcing the top of the pier and dispersing loads transmitted to the pier by the support;
(4) Assembled lifting device
The barrel-shaped shell manufactured in the step 2) passes through bolt holes on the bottom plate of the shell and the top surface of the pier cover through expansion bolts A (410) to fix the shell on the pier; then the four toothed plates manufactured in the step 2) are respectively arranged in a barrel-shaped shell, so that a pulley A on the bottom surface of the toothed plate can slide on a bottom plate of the shell, a pull rod and a handle on each toothed plate extend out of the shell through a hole formed in the center of a side plate of the shell, the other end of a compression spring is connected with the inner wall of the shell, and the four toothed plates are pulled by a lever-type handle to be mutually butted by the compression spring to form a clutch type toothed buckle; then welding the top plate of the shell on the side wall of the shell, so that the pulley A on the top surface of the toothed plate can slide on the inner wall of the top plate of the shell, thereby completing the assembly of each lifting device and the pier; then assembling a lifting device positioned on the river bank on the top of the inner side of the slope-shaped conical slope in the same way;
step 3, installing a main beam box body to form a main beam
Inserting the gear shafts of the multiple main beam boxes with the gear shafts at the two ends, which are manufactured in the step 2, into square holes of the bridge pier and the river bank respectively through clutch gear buckles of the assembled lifting device one by one, and then installing hinges between the main beam boxes to form a main beam of the bridge;
step 4, constructing a bridge guiding plate
The front bridge guiding plate and the rear bridge guiding plate are respectively made of 8mm thick aluminum alloy materials, the bridge guiding plate adopts a single box multi-chamber mode, the spacing between the bridge guiding plate webs (31) is 30-50 cm, the transverse width of the bridge guiding plate is the same as that of the main beam, the length of the bridge guiding plate is based on that when the main beam is lowered to the lowest position, an angle of 0-3 degrees is formed between the bridge guiding plate and the horizontal plane,
the cross section height of the bridge guiding plate is H yq Calculated as follows:
wherein: q yq The unit is kN/m for the weight of each linear meter of the bridge plate;
q r the weight of the crowd is loaded at most per linear meter on the bridge guiding plate, and the unit is kN/m;
[σ]is the allowable stress of the aluminum alloy material, and the unit is kN/m 3 ；
I' z Unit m is the moment of inertia of the cross section of the bridge approach plate 4 ；
L yq The unit is m, which is the length of the bridge approach plate;
constructing a bridge bearing platform on the conical slope; the upper ends of the front bridge guiding plate and the rear bridge guiding plate are hinged with the end parts of the installed main beam box body respectively, the lower ends of the bridge guiding plates are provided with pulleys B, the supporting plates with sliding grooves on the upper surfaces are fixedly paved on the bridge guiding bearing platform, the pulleys B are arranged in the sliding grooves and can slide along the sliding grooves, and the lower ends of the bridge guiding plates can move forwards and backwards along with the up-and-down movement of the main beam box body.
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| CN110952435B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-04-06 | 江苏科技大学 | Offshore liftable pontoon bridge provided with auxiliary butt joint and anti-rolling device |
| CN110904815B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-05-07 | 山东交通学院 | Grid type self-adjusting bridge-shore connecting device, small floating bridge and using method thereof |
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| CA2177087A1 (en) * | 1996-05-22 | 1997-11-23 | Boris Netupsky | Structures Prestressed by Buoyancy |
| KR200432359Y1 (en) * | 2006-07-27 | 2006-12-04 | 신승호 | Floating bridge using HDPE pipes as floating material |
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