CN216920186U - Air cushion type anti-ice protection structure for wading pier column and protection unit thereof - Google Patents
Air cushion type anti-ice protection structure for wading pier column and protection unit thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN216920186U CN216920186U CN202220521106.6U CN202220521106U CN216920186U CN 216920186 U CN216920186 U CN 216920186U CN 202220521106 U CN202220521106 U CN 202220521106U CN 216920186 U CN216920186 U CN 216920186U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to an air cushion type anti-ice protection structure for wading pier columns and a protection unit thereof.A buffer deformation belt with stronger toughness is constructed between the pier columns and an ice surface, so that not only can the ice thrust caused by ice expansion force and uneven expansion force around be effectively weakened, but also the vertical acting force generated by driving the ice surface to lift by water level fluctuation can be weakened, and the air cushion type anti-ice protection structure is particularly suitable for reducing the anti-ice protection of the pier columns in still water areas. In addition, the unitized construction mode of the protective structure is convenient for construction and maintenance, and the practicability is greatly enhanced.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of ice damage prevention and control of hydraulic engineering, in particular to an air cushion type ice-resistant protection structure for wading pier columns and a protection unit thereof.
Background
For a wading structure in a cold region, ice load is generally a critical control environment load and is of great importance to structural optimization design and safe operation and maintenance. Research and development of ice-resistant protection methods, devices or structures for eliminating or reducing ice load influence are always hot and difficult points in the technical research field of engineering ice damage prevention and control.
The ice load suffered by rivers, channels and upright walls of sluice in cold area, piers, pier piles, ocean platform columns and other pile column type structures can be divided into horizontal ice load and vertical ice load according to the direction. The horizontal ice load mainly comprises an expansion force, a pushing force and an impact force, and the vertical ice load mainly comprises an upper pulling force and a lower pulling force. The horizontal ice load is generated by the relative movement of the ice and the structure in the horizontal direction, and the vertical ice load is generated by the relative movement of the ice and the structure in the vertical direction. Specifically, the degree of boundary constraint such as the surrounding bank wall greatly affects the magnitude of the expansion force due to sudden temperature rise, and in general, the degree of free deformation of the ice surface is higher and the expansion force generated on the upright wall surface is higher as the rigidity of the boundary constraint is higher. When the ice surface conditions around the pile are different, the expansion pressure of ice around the pile is not balanced, and a larger horizontal thrust force towards the weak side can be formed, so that the pile is subjected to bending, pulling and breaking or shearing breaking. The pushing force is a horizontal ice load generated in the process of long-time contact action of the ice row with larger plane size and the wall surface or the pile under the action of wind and flow driving, and the magnitude of the pushing force is determined by factors such as environmental power, ice surface dimension, ice compression strength and the like. When the flowing ice impacts the wall surface or the pile column at a high speed, the momentum is changed violently in a short time to generate a high impact force, and the impact force is closely related to the structural rigidity, the flowing ice size, the initial speed and other factors; generally, the more rigid the contact surface is in impact interaction with the ice, the shorter the impact duration and the greater the impact force caused by the ice flow with the initial momentum. The vertical pulling-up force or pulling-down force is mainly caused by the rising and falling of the frozen ice surface along with the rising and falling of the water level, and is closely related to the freezing strength of the ice-structure contact surface.
In summary, the ice load on the structure is closely related to the ice condition level determined by the hydrological and climatic conditions, and also closely related to factors such as dynamic environment and structure itself. Changing the hydrological conditions of a water area to relieve ice conditions, breaking frozen ice surfaces to reduce contact or optimizing structural behavior to weaken ice forces are three main approaches to the development of ice protection technology. At present, the action mechanisms of the ice-resistant protection methods or structures at home and abroad can be roughly classified into the following types: (1) an ice-removing mode: the local temperature around the structure is improved by introducing heat energy, so that the freezing of a water body is prevented or slowed down; or mechanically disturbing the water body by bubbling, stirring and other modes to delay or destroy the initial freezing of the ice surface. (2) The ice breaking type: the ice surface in a certain area around the structure is periodically and actively broken and cleaned by an artificial method or an ice breaking facility such as a ship and the like, so that a ditch is formed around the structure, the ice surface is prevented from being bonded or contacted with the structure, and a load transmission path between the ice surface and the structure is cut off. (3) The coating formula is as follows: the ice-phobic material is coated on the surface of the structure to reduce the bonding strength between ice and the surface of the structure, so that the functions of reducing the ice coating amount on the surface of the structure and reducing the adhesive capacity are realized. (4) The slope type: through adding centrum or falling centrum device or becoming the slope with standing vertically on stake formula structure for the perpendicular interact between ice surface and the wall changes into slope interact, and ice changes with structural action's failure mode thereupon, and extrusion destruction before becomes bending failure, realizes ice and structural action load's reduction by a wide margin. (5) A buffer type: the rigid buffer device or the flexible buffer material is added at the part of the structure which is possibly impacted to achieve the purpose of buffering and absorbing energy, so that the impact force of ice on the structure is reduced.
At present, although there are many kinds of anti-ice protection methods, devices or structures developed at home and abroad for structures such as piers, piles and the like, the anti-ice protection methods, devices or structures are still deficient in the aspects of cost, application range, protection effect and the like, and need to be further improved. The ice-breaking and ice-removing methods require more energy or manpower; although the coating method can effectively reduce the bonding strength between ice and the surface of a structure and can reduce the vertical ice load between the ice and the structure, a coating layer is easy to damage and lose effectiveness, and the horizontal ice load cannot be reduced. The slope type structure has a good effect on reducing the ice load in the horizontal direction, but the slope type structure cannot reduce the ice load in the vertical direction; the buffer type device is suitable for a structure to be built and a built structure, and has good applicability, but the existing buffer type device has complex structure and complicated construction, and mainly takes the buffer effect on the horizontal ice load into consideration.
Therefore, the ice-resistant protective structure which can effectively reduce horizontal ice load and vertical ice load and has wide application range, convenient installation and low cost is researched and developed by comprehensively considering factors such as ice-resistant protective performance, manufacturing cost, practicality and the like, and has important significance for guaranteeing the safety of structural engineering in cold regions.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to an air cushion type anti-ice protection structure for wading pillars and a protection unit thereof, so as to solve the disadvantages of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, one technical scheme provided by the utility model is as follows: an air cushion type anti-ice protection structure for wading piers is formed by connecting protection units in series side by side and is a sheet-shaped modular structure;
each protection unit is vertically attached to the contact action area of the pier and/or the pile column structure and the ice surface side by side;
the outer surface of the protection unit is provided with at least one sleeve groove for sleeving a rope to fix the protection unit
And the adjacent protection units are tightly arranged by at least two ropes which pass through the sleeve groove and are bound to the pier and/or the pile structure.
Furthermore, adjacent protection units are connected in series through an inflation valve, an exhaust valve and an air pipe, and air in any one protection unit can flow into the adjacent protection unit through the exhaust valve and the air pipe, so that the air pressure transmission among the protection units connected in series is realized.
The utility model provides another technical scheme which is as follows: the utility model provides a protection unit, is applied to foretell for wading in the use of anti ice protective structure of cushion formula for pier column, protection unit for reduce the ice load that acts on pier and/or the pile structure, protection unit includes:
the protection unit is used for bearing the ice load acting on the surface of the protection unit after being inflated;
and at least one lower cabin connected with the lower end of the upper cabin, wherein after the protection units are inflated, part of the protection units can be placed in water and used for balancing weights of the protection units.
Further, the upper cabin and the lower cabin may be integrally formed, and a part of the upper cabin connected to the lower cabin is a cabin isolating layer.
Furthermore, a plurality of layers of horizontal wire drawing structures are arranged in the upper cabin, and the upper cabin is in a thin plate shape after being inflated.
Furthermore, the upper chamber is provided with at least one inflation valve, at least one exhaust valve and at least one safety valve.
Furthermore, an opening is formed in the surface of the lower cabin and used for filling and discharging the counterweight materials.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the technology, the buffer deformation belt with high toughness is constructed between the pier stud and the ice surface, so that not only can the ice thrust caused by ice expansion force and uneven expansion force around be effectively weakened, but also the vertical acting force generated by the ice surface lifting driven by water level fluctuation can be weakened, and the technology is particularly suitable for ice-resistant protection of the pier stud in a still water area.
2. The number of the protection units can be adjusted according to the actual size of the pier stud, and the protection units have universality.
3. Due to the modularization characteristic, the damage of the local protection unit does not mean the integral failure of the protection structure, and the non-damaged unit can also independently and normally play a role.
4. Due to the modularization characteristic, only the damaged protection unit needs to be replaced during maintenance, the cost is saved, the construction and the maintenance are convenient, and the practicability is greatly enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a guard unit according to embodiments 1 to 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the external structure of the protection unit according to embodiments 1 to 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view showing the external structure of the shield unit according to embodiments 1 to 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the protective structure of examples 7 to 8 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the protective structure of examples 7 to 8 of the present invention arranged on a pier and/or pile structure;
fig. 6 is a side elevational cross-sectional view of the protective structure of example 9 of the present invention disposed on a pier and/or pile structure;
wherein, 1, a protection unit; 2. an upper compartment; 3. a lower cabin; 4. a cabin partition layer; 5. a wire drawing structure; 6. an inflation valve; 7. an exhaust valve; 8. a safety valve; 9. an opening; 10. sleeving a groove; 11. the trachea.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a protection unit 1, for reducing an ice load acting on a pier and/or a pile structure, the protection unit 1 includes:
at least one upper cabin 2, which is used for bearing the ice load acting on the surface of the protection unit after the protection unit is inflated;
and at least one lower cabin 3 connected with the lower end of the upper cabin 2, and after the protection unit is inflated, part of the protection unit 1 can be placed in water and used for balancing the protection unit 1.
Specifically, the counterweight used in the lower chamber 3 adopts fine sand and water.
Specifically, when the upper cabin 2 and the lower cabin 3 are arranged in a split manner, the fabrics of the upper cabin 2 and the lower cabin 3 are made of high-elasticity, wear-resistant and cold-resistant butadiene rubber.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in addition to the structure of embodiment 1, the upper chamber 2 and the lower chamber 3 may be integrally formed, and a chamber partition layer 4 is provided at a portion where the upper chamber 2 and the lower chamber 3 are connected.
Specifically, when the upper cabin 2 and the lower cabin 3 are integrally arranged, the fabric materials of the upper cabin 2, the lower cabin 3 and the cabin partition layer 4 are all high-elasticity, wear-resistant and cold-resistant butadiene rubber.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, in addition to the structure of the embodiment 1 to the embodiment 2, a plurality of layers of horizontal wire drawing structures 5 are provided in the upper chamber 2, so that the upper chamber 2 is in a thin plate form after the upper chamber 2 is inflated.
Specifically, the fiber-drawing structure 5 is a high-strength fiber layer.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1-3, based on the structure of the embodiment 1-3, the upper chamber 2 is further provided with at least one inflation valve 6, at least one exhaust valve 7 and at least one safety valve 8.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 1-3, on the basis of the structures of embodiment 1-3, further, the lower chamber 3 is provided with an opening 9 on the surface for filling and discharging the counterweight material.
Example 6
As shown in fig. 1-3, on the basis of the structures of embodiments 1-3, further, at least one sleeve groove 10 is provided on the outer surface of the protection unit 1 for sleeving the rope to fix the protection unit.
Example 7
4-5, the air cushion type ice-resistant protection structure for the wading pier is formed by connecting the protection units in series in parallel according to any one of the embodiments 1 to 6, and is a thin plate-shaped modular structure;
as shown in fig. 4-5, each protection unit 1 is vertically attached to the contact action area of the pier and/or the pile structure and the ice surface side by side;
as shown in fig. 4-5, the adjacent protection units 1 are tightly arranged by passing at least two ropes through the sleeving grooves 11 and binding to the pier and/or the pile structure.
Example 8
As shown in fig. 4-5, based on the structure of embodiment 7, further, the adjacent protection units 1 are connected in series through the inflation valve 6, the exhaust valve 7 and the air pipe 11, and the air in any one protection unit 1 can flow into the adjacent protection unit 1 through the exhaust valve 7 and the air pipe 11, so as to be used for air pressure transmission between the protection units 1 connected in series.
When the protective structure is installed on the pier, the construction method specifically comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 6, the method includes:
s1, determining the thickness, the width and the number of the protection units according to the perimeter of the cross section of the pier and/or the pile structure, according to any one of the embodiments 1 to 6;
specifically, the thickness t (unit: m) of the protection unit 1 is preferably 0.1-0.4m, and the radial diameter d (unit: m) of the pier column is larger and smaller. Specifically, the thickness t of the protection unit 1 and the radial direction d of the pier column have the following relationship:
s2, determining the height of the protection unit 1 according to factors such as annual average ice thickness, water level amplitude and the like of the engineering water area where the pier and/or the pile structure is located;
in particular, the upper chamber 2 height (h)uThe unit: m) year-round average ice thickness (h) according to water area where wading pier stud is locatediceThe unit: m) and winter mean water level amplitude (Δ h)wThe unit: m) determining. The uppermost position (z) of the upper chamber 2uhThe unit: m) is the average high water level in winter (z)whThe unit is: m) plus an additional height (Δ h)ehThe unit: m), the additional height is 1.0 time of the perennial average ice thickness and is not less than 0.25 m; the lowest edge position (z) of the upper chamber 2ulThe unit: m) is the winter average low water level (z)wlThe unit: m) minus an additional height (Δ h)elThe unit is: m) of 1.0 times the perennial average ice thickness and an additional height of not less than 0.25 m. The difference between the positions of the upper edge and the lowest edge of the uppermost cabin 2 is the height of the upper cabin. The mathematical relationship among the above physical quantities is:
hu＝zuh-zul
zuh＝zwh+Δheh
Δheh＝max(0.25，hice)
zul＝zwl-Δhel
Δhel＝max(0.25，hice)
Δhw＝zwh-zwl
the final expression for the height of the upper cabin 2 of the protection unit is:
the method for determining the height of the lower cabin 3 comprises the following steps: after the protection unit 1 is completely filled with fine sand and water and is weighted by the lower cabin 3 without considering the dead weight of the protection unit 1 and the friction force between the protection unit 1 and the wall surface of the pier column, the protection unit 1 is weighted and floatsUnder force, the water level is at the middle height of the upper chamber 2. According to the principle of force balance, the height h of the upper cabin 2uAnd the height h of the lower chamber 3dThe following relationship should be satisfied:
ρwg·(0.5hu+hd)＝ρsg·(1-n)hd+ρwg·nhd
wherein: ρ is a unit of a gradientwThe density of water can be 1000kg/m3；ρsFor silt density, 2650kg/m may be selected3(ii) a g is gravity acceleration, preferably 10.0m/s2(ii) a n is fine sand packing porosity, typically 0.4.
Simplifying to obtain:
and the values of the known parameters are substituted to obtain:
hd＝0.505hu
in the actual design, the lower chamber 3 is high (h)d) Can be set to be 0.5 times the height (h) of the upper chamber 2u)。
The width (w) of the protection unit 1 is preferably 3-5 times of the thickness (t) of the protection unit 1, and the suggested value is 4 times. Aiming at the circular section wading pier column with the diameter of d, the perimeter (L) of the middle thickness part of the protective structure 1 is firstly calculated, then the number (N) of the required protective units 1 and the width (w) of the protective units are calculated, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
L＝π(d+t)
s3, sand filling and water filling counterweight of the lower cabin 3: filling fine sand into the lower cabin 3, and irrigating water after the lower cabin 3 is filled with the fine sand, wherein the space of the lower cabin 3 is completely filled with the fine sand and the water;
s4, inflating the upper cabin 2 by using an air pump to make the air pressure reach 0.05 MPa;
during actual design, based on the geometric dimension of the air cushion type protection unit, the adopted internal pressure threshold value, the mechanical property parameters of the fabric and other series of known parameters, the thickness t of the fabric meeting the design requirement can be calculated and determined through finite element analysiss。
S5, transporting the protection units which are subjected to the steps S3-S4 to the area where the pier and/or the pile structure are located, and placing the protection units around the pier and/or the pile structure side by side to ensure that the water surface is relatively level with the middle height position of the cabin on the protection unit 1;
s6, passing the upper rope and the lower rope through rope sleeving grooves on the outer side surfaces of the protection units 1, and binding the protection units 1 on the pier stud to form a protection structure;
specifically, the protection structure is firmly bound on the pier stud by adjusting the tensile force of the rope.
S7, the adjacent protection units are connected in series through the air pipe 11, and air in any one protection unit 1 can flow into the adjacent protection unit 1 through the air pipe 11 through the exhaust valve 7, so that air pressure transmission among the protection units 1 connected in series is realized.
Further, in S7, when the air pressure in the upper chamber 2 is higher than the internal pressure threshold of 0.2MPa, the safety valve of the upper chamber 2 will automatically open to release the pressure, and after the air pressure in the upper chamber is reduced to 0.2MPa, the safety valve will automatically close to avoid the damage caused by the over-high air pressure.
The air cushion type protection units are connected in series to form a protection structure which can effectively weaken vertical and horizontal ice loads, and the specific principle is as follows:
(1) vertical load weakening principle: the vertical deformation mainly embodied in the radial direction of the protection unit (namely the outer side surface of the protection unit can generate upward or downward displacement relative to the inner side surface under the action of vertical load) can reduce the relative displacement of ice surface fluctuation, thereby weakening the vertical ice load generated by the water surface fluctuation. And (2) a horizontal load weakening principle. The structure mainly comprises two aspects, one is that when the flowing ice impacts the pier stud, the action time of the flowing ice and the pier stud is prolonged due to the buffering effect of the protection unit. According to the momentum theorem, the impact force acting on the pier stud can be effectively weakened. Secondly, when unbalanced ice expansion extrusion action exists around the pier stud, the air pressure in the protection unit corresponding to the side with the larger ice expansion extrusion force can be higher, the air pressure in the protection unit at the side with the smaller ice expansion extrusion force can be lower, and under the action of pressure difference driving, the air flow flows from the high-pressure protection unit to the low-pressure protection unit. The high-pressure protection unit shrinks radially at first, and the extrusion effect with the surrounding ice surface is reduced; and the low pressure protection unit expands radially at first, and the squeezing action with the ice surface around is strengthened, can realize finally that the pressure difference between the protection unit reduces, and the ice expansive force around the pier stud also tends to even to avoid forming great certain direction's ice thrust on the pier stud.
While one embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail, the present invention is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The air cushion type anti-ice protection structure for the wading pier is characterized in that the protection structure is formed by connecting protection units (1) in series side by side and is of a thin plate-shaped modular structure;
each protection unit (1) is vertically attached to a contact action area of the pier and/or the pile structure and the ice surface side by side;
the outer surface of the protection unit (1) is provided with at least one sleeve groove (10) for sleeving a rope to fix the protection unit
The adjacent protection units (1) penetrate through the sleeve groove (10) through at least an upper rope and a lower rope to be bound to the pier and/or the pile structure and are tightly arranged.
2. A protective structure according to claim 1, wherein adjacent protective units (1) are connected in series through an inflation valve (6), an exhaust valve (7) and an air pipe (11), and the air in any one protective unit (1) can flow into the adjacent protective unit (1) through the air pipe (11) through the exhaust valve (7) for air pressure transmission between the protective units (1) connected in series.
3. A protection unit for use in the air cushion type ice-resistant protection structure for wading pier columns of claim 1, wherein the protection unit (1) is used for reducing ice load acting on piers and/or pile column structures, and the protection unit (1) comprises:
at least one upper compartment (2) for receiving an ice load acting on the surface of the protective unit after the protective unit is inflated;
and at least one lower cabin (3) connected with the lower end of the upper cabin (2), wherein after the protection unit is inflated, part of the protection unit (1) can be placed in water and used for balancing the protection unit (1).
4. A protective unit according to claim 3, wherein said upper compartment (2) and said lower compartment (3) are formed integrally, and the part of said upper compartment (2) that is connected to said lower compartment (3) is a compartment barrier (4).
5. The air cushion type anti-ice protection unit for the wading pier column according to any one of claims 3 to 4, wherein a plurality of layers of horizontal wire drawing structures (5) are arranged in the upper chamber (2), and after the upper chamber (2) is inflated, the upper chamber (2) is in a thin plate shape.
6. A protection unit according to claim 5, characterized in that said upper compartment (2) is provided with at least one inflation valve (6), at least one deflation valve (7) and at least one safety valve (8) therefor.
7. A protection unit according to claim 6, characterized in that the lower compartment (3) is provided with openings (9) in its surface for filling and discharging of ballast material.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202220521106.6U CN216920186U (en) | 2022-03-10 | 2022-03-10 | Air cushion type anti-ice protection structure for wading pier column and protection unit thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202220521106.6U CN216920186U (en) | 2022-03-10 | 2022-03-10 | Air cushion type anti-ice protection structure for wading pier column and protection unit thereof |
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| CN216920186U true CN216920186U (en) | 2022-07-08 |
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| CN202220521106.6U Active CN216920186U (en) | 2022-03-10 | 2022-03-10 | Air cushion type anti-ice protection structure for wading pier column and protection unit thereof |
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