CN110184413A - 一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖及其生产方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖及其生产方法,它包括座砖本体(1),所述座砖本体(1)外侧设置有背板(2),所述座砖本体(1)上沿轴向开设有通孔(3),所述通孔(3)贯穿整个座砖本体(1和背板(2,所述通孔(3)自外向内向下倾斜布置,所述背板(2)下侧与座砖本体(1)齐平,所述凸边背板(2)上侧和左右两侧超出座砖本体(1)形成凸边(4)。本发明一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖及其生产方法,砌筑完成后的氧枪座砖在炉衬服役过程中故障少,基本不用维护,可以避免通常类型座砖易漏水、易回火损坏氧枪枪体的缺点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖及其生产方法,特别适用于炼钢电炉用炉壁氧枪的承载和固定装置,涉及耐火材料技术领域。
背景技术
炉壁氧枪技术因对电炉高效冶炼的巨大贡献,目前在电炉生产上作为一种流行的配置。电炉炉壁氧枪座砖是氧枪的承载固定装置,决定氧枪在炉壁的安装位置,基本决定了炉壁氧气流的喷射方向,对实现炉壁切割废钢、吹氧助熔、脱碳造渣等冶金功能起着至关重要的作用。
目前常见的电炉炉壁氧枪座砖大致可以分为两种类型:一种是水冷式座砖,通常由一组或多组钢质水冷管组成,或采用钢板预制成固定的水冷腔体,中间固定氧枪;另一种为砖钢结构,主体采用镁碳质炉衬耐火砖,为提高砖体耐用强度耐火砖外包钢板,中间通孔采用钢管。这两种座砖在使用过程中均存在以下无法克服的缺陷,使用效果不理想。
水冷式座砖,除了要承受废钢、生铁料块的冲、压、砸等机械冲击,电弧冲击甚至打弧等电炉冶炼的恶劣条件;最大的隐患是氧枪使用时氧气流近距离遭遇大块钢铁料时会发生回火现象,回火对水冷件的侵蚀很大,水冷件会因此漏水,漏出的水渗到水冷件周围的耐火砖上,造成耐火砖受潮分裂、剥落、塌砖等异常,影响炉衬寿命,漏水严重时甚至有发生爆炸的风险。一旦发生了漏水,停用氧枪、关闭冷却水是必要的处理手段,如此就失去了炉壁氧枪的冶金功能。
砖钢结构式座砖,克服了漏水的缺点,但存在以下使用困难:(1)加工不易。由于座砖内带有一定倾角的通孔,炉衬砖需异型加工,可以采用特制模具机压成型,也可以采用标准炉衬砖砌筑时切割加工组装。前者增加不少模具费用且一个座砖所用的炉衬砖需多组模具,不同炉型的座砖很难共用模具,单个模具仅制作数量极少的砖体,这种方式非常不经济而且制造流程繁杂,后者通过切割加工成圆弧通孔极为困难。(2)容易粘钢损枪。由于通孔采用钢管或其它金属制件,非常容易与炉内废钢发生粘结,造成座砖通孔四周粘结冷钢团块,氧枪工作时易与附近的冷钢迎面,造成回火损坏枪体,枪体的成本也是不菲的。
因此,上述两种氧枪座砖在实际使用过程中均存在无法克服的缺陷,一是水冷件漏水风险,存在安全风险,二是加工复杂,易粘结冷钢损枪。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术提供一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖及其生产方法,砌筑完成后的氧枪座砖在炉衬服役过程中故障少,基本不用维护,可以避免通常类型座砖易漏水、易回火损坏氧枪枪体的缺点。
本发明解决上述问题所采用的技术方案为:
一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖,它包括座砖本体,所述座砖本体外侧设置有背板,所述座砖本体上沿轴向开设有通孔,所述通孔贯穿整个座砖本体和背板,所述通孔自外向内向下倾斜布置,所述背板下侧与座砖本体齐平,所述凸边背板上侧和左右两侧超出座砖本体形成凸边。
优选的,所述座砖本体呈长方体状。
优选的,所述通孔与水平线的夹角为30~60°。
优选的,所述通孔的孔径自外向内逐渐减小。
优选的,所述座砖本体的长度与电炉炉衬同高度的炉衬砖长度接近;
优选的,所述座砖本体的高度为炉衬砖厚度的整数倍。
一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖的生产方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、首先根据电炉炉型、炉衬耐火砖尺寸及氧枪尺寸设计座砖的模具;
步骤二、采用材质ωAl2O3>75%的高铝料,配加10%左右的高铝水泥,加入1~5%的钢纤维,搅拌时加入5~10%的水,在强制式搅拌机中混合10分钟以上;
步骤三、浇注前模具表面涂抹牛油,混匀的高铝料注入模具后,在振动台架上振动,待气泡完全溢出,表面泛浆为宜,一般振动时间控制在30分钟左右;
步骤四、带模静放养护24-48h,确认浇注体充分硬化后方可脱模;
步骤五、脱模后的预制件在空气中自然养护72小时以上,进窑炉烘烤,升温速度控制在≤20℃/h,待温度升至500℃后,保温≥3h,随炉冷却至<100℃后可退出窑炉,待完全冷却就可入库待用。
步骤五中若没有窑炉设施,控制脱模后自然养护时间2周以上入库待用。
一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖的砌筑方法,炉衬砌筑时,待炉衬砖砌至氧枪位置时放入预制的座砖,与同层的炉衬砖撑紧即可。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
本发明一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖及其生产方法,制作、使用简单,座砖寿命可以满足一个炉役,能提高电炉氧枪作业效率,保障电炉高效生产,可以避免通常类型座砖易漏水、易回火损坏氧枪枪体的缺点。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖的结构示意图。
图2为图1的右视图。
图3为图1的俯视图。
其中:
座砖本体 1
背板 2
通孔 3
凸边 4。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
如图1~图3所示,本实施例中的一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖,它包括座砖本体1,所述座砖本体1外侧设置有背板2,所述座砖本体1上沿轴向开设有通孔3,所述通孔3贯穿整个座砖本体1和背板2,所述通孔3自外向内向下倾斜布置,所述背板2下侧与座砖本体1齐平,所述凸边背板2上侧和左右两侧超出座砖本体1形成凸边4;
所述座砖本体1呈长方体状;
所述通孔3与水平线的夹角为30~60°;
所述通孔3的孔径自外向内逐渐减小,便于使用时插枪、固定枪体限制其在孔内移动,也可以减少回火入孔避免损枪;
所述座砖本体1的长度与电炉炉衬同高度的炉衬砖长度接近;
所述座砖本体1的高度为炉衬砖厚度的整数倍。
其生产方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、首先根据电炉炉型、炉衬耐火砖尺寸及氧枪尺寸设计座砖的模具;
步骤二、采用材质ωAl2O3>75%的高铝料,配加10%左右的高铝水泥,加入1~5%的钢纤维,搅拌时加入5~10%的水,在强制式搅拌机中混合10分钟以上;
步骤三、浇注前模具表面涂抹牛油,混匀的高铝料注入模具后,在振动台架上振动,待气泡完全溢出,表面泛浆为宜,一般振动时间控制在30分钟左右;
步骤四、带模静放养护24-48h,确认浇注体充分硬化后方可脱模;
步骤五、脱模后的预制件在空气中自然养护72小时以上,进窑炉烘烤,升温速度控制在≤20℃/h,待温度升至500℃后,保温≥3h,随炉冷却至<100℃后可退出窑炉,待完全冷却就可入库待用;若没有窑炉设施,控制脱模后自然养护时间2周以上也可入库待用。
炉衬砌筑时,待炉衬砖砌至氧枪位置时放入预制座砖,与同层的炉衬砖撑紧即可。
除上述实施例外,本发明还包括有其他实施方式,凡采用等同变换或者等效替换方式形成的技术方案,均应落入本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖,其特征在于:它包括座砖本体(1),所述座砖本体(1)外侧设置有背板(2),所述座砖本体(1)上沿轴向开设有通孔(3),所述通孔(3)贯穿整个座砖本体(1和背板(2,所述通孔(3)自外向内向下倾斜布置,所述背板(2)下侧与座砖本体(1)齐平,所述凸边背板(2)上侧和左右两侧超出座砖本体(1)形成凸边(4)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖,其特征在于:所述座砖本体(1)呈长方体状。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖,其特征在于:所述通孔(3)与水平线的夹角为30~60°。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖,其特征在于:所述通孔(3)的孔径自外向内逐渐减小。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖,其特征在于:所述座砖本体(1)的长度与电炉炉衬同高度的炉衬砖长度接近。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖,其特征在于:所述座砖本体(1)的高度为炉衬砖厚度的整数倍。
7.一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖的生产方法,其特征在于所述方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一、首先根据电炉炉型、炉衬耐火砖尺寸及氧枪尺寸设计座砖的模具;
步骤二、采用材质ωAl2O3>75%的高铝料,配加10%左右的高铝水泥,加入1~5%的钢纤维,搅拌时加入5~10%的水,在强制式搅拌机中混合10分钟以上;
步骤三、浇注前模具表面涂抹牛油,混匀的高铝料注入模具后,在振动台架上振动,待气泡完全溢出,表面泛浆为宜,一般振动时间控制在30分钟左右;
步骤四、带模静放养护24-48h,确认浇注体充分硬化后方可脱模;
步骤五、脱模后的预制件在空气中自然养护72小时以上,进窑炉烘烤,升温速度控制在≤20℃/h,待温度升至500℃后,保温≥3h,随炉冷却至<100℃后可退出窑炉,待完全冷却就可入库待用。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖的生产方法,其特征在于:步骤五中若没有窑炉设施,控制脱模后自然养护时间2周以上入库待用。
9.一种电炉炉壁氧枪座砖的砌筑方法,其特征在于:炉衬砌筑时,待炉衬砖砌至氧枪位置时放入采用权利要求7所述方法预制的座砖,与同层的炉衬砖撑紧即可。
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