CN110181611A - A kind of five axis engraving machines - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a five-axis engraving machine, which belongs to the technical field of wood processing equipment. It solves the problem of low processing precision when the processing stroke of the existing five-axis engraving machine is large. The five-axis engraving machine includes a frame, a beam fixed horizontally on the frame, and several multi-dimensional processing components. The multiple multi-dimensional processing components include a bottom plate that is slidably connected to the beam in the horizontal direction and a tool that is slid and connected to the bottom plate in the vertical direction. The tool holder is provided with at least one cutter head capable of rotating in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane, and at least two processing platforms for positioning the workpiece and capable of longitudinal translation are provided under the beam, and the beam is fixed along the horizontal direction. The screw rods are fixed with brackets on several bottom plates, and transverse nuts are rotated on the brackets, and the transverse nuts are all screwed with the transverse screw rods, and the supports are provided with driving parts that drive the transverse nuts to rotate. The five-axis engraving machine has higher machining accuracy when the machining stroke is larger.

Description

A five-axis engraving machine

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of wood processing equipment and relates to a five-axis engraving machine.

Background technique

From the processing principle, engraving is a combination of drilling and milling. It has a wide range of applications, including woodworking engraving machines, laser engraving machines, advertising engraving machines, jade engraving machines, stone engraving machines, cylindrical engraving machines, etc. The engraving machine has a wide range of applications. Widely used, and even replaced the hand-carving technology, which laid the foundation for the mass and rapid production of products.

In order to improve the processing efficiency of the current engraving machine, one engraving machine is usually equipped with multiple processing components, so that multiple workpieces can be processed simultaneously, such as a wood engraving machine disclosed in the patent document (application number: 201320564074.9), including a base And the workbench, the workbench includes a column, a beam, a punch, a punch frame, a traverse frame, a longitudinal moving device and a lateral moving device, the punch is fixed on the punch frame, and the lateral moving device includes a horizontal power device, a horizontal Ball screw, horizontal nut, the cross beam is provided with a transverse opening, the transverse power unit, horizontal ball screw, and transverse nut are arranged in the transverse opening, and multiple punches of the engraving machine are set on the same punch frame On the other hand, the punch frame moves laterally through the same horizontal ball screw, that is, multiple punches move synchronously in the lateral direction.

Another example is the double-head five-axis engraving machine disclosed in the patent document (application number: 201711057133.2), which includes a base, a support frame, an engraving mechanism and a workpiece fixing mechanism. The support frame is arranged on the base, the engraving mechanism is installed on the support frame, and the workpiece fixing mechanism Set on the base, the engraving mechanism includes a middle beam, a beam driving mechanism, two sets of engraving knife sets and a knife set driving mechanism. The beam driving mechanism drives the middle beam to move up and down. Drive two groups of engraving knives to move left and right, and the two engraving components of the engraving machine are set on the same middle beam to realize vertical movement, that is, the two engraving components move synchronously in the vertical direction.

The above-mentioned engraving machines can realize synchronous processing of multiple workpieces, but the multiple engraving cutter heads of the above-mentioned engraving machine move synchronously in a certain direction, that is, the engraving tracks of the multiple engraving cutter heads are the same, so it can only be used for Multiple workpieces with the same shape are processed at the same time. When multiple workpieces have different shapes, the engraving trajectory of the engraving tool head is also different. Therefore, it is difficult for existing engraving machines to process multiple different workpieces at the same time. They can only be processed one by one. Processing results in low processing efficiency. At the same time, due to the needs of the engraving stroke, the length of the screw rod is longer, and the middle part is prone to slight bending, which affects the engraving accuracy.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the existing technology, and propose a five-axis engraving machine to solve the problem of low machining accuracy when the existing five-axis engraving machine has a large processing stroke.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions: a five-axis engraving machine, including a frame, a crossbeam horizontally fixed on the frame, and several multi-dimensional processing components, characterized in that, several of the multi-dimensional processing components include The bottom plate that is horizontally slidably connected to the crossbeam and the tool holder that is slidably connected to the bottom plate vertically are provided with at least one cutter head that can rotate in the horizontal plane and the vertical plane, and the bottom of the crossbeam is provided with There are at least two processing platforms for positioning the workpiece and capable of longitudinal translation, horizontal screw rods are fixed on the beams along the horizontal direction, brackets are fixed on several of the bottom plates, and horizontal nuts are rotated on the brackets, and horizontal The nuts are all screwed to the transverse screw rods, and the brackets are provided with driving parts for driving the transverse nuts to rotate.

Different workpieces are positioned on different processing platforms. During the processing, according to the different processing requirements of different workpieces, the processing platforms can move vertically respectively to realize the longitudinal position adjustment of the workpieces. The tool holders on the bottom plate can move vertically respectively to realize For the vertical position adjustment of the cutter heads, the driving parts on the bottom plate can drive the respective horizontal nuts to rotate, while the horizontal screw rods are fixed, so that the bottom plates can move laterally to realize the horizontal position adjustment of the cutter head, so it can pass through the existing multiple cutter heads. The same horizontal beam moves vertically synchronously, or multiple cutter heads move vertically synchronously through the same vertical carriage, or move horizontally synchronously through the same horizontal carriage, resulting in multiple cutter heads only being able to process the same workpiece, while different Compared with workpieces that need to be processed in batches, the multiple cutter heads of this five-axis engraving machine can independently realize three-dimensional movement, and thus can process different workpieces at the same time, improving processing efficiency. Independent movement on the horizontal screw, so when individual workpieces are processed, their corresponding multi-dimensional processing components can be stopped to replace workpieces or individual multi-dimensional processing components can be stopped for maintenance, tool change and other operations during processing, while other multi-dimensional processing components do not need It can be processed normally when it is shut down, so the processing efficiency is also improved; at the same time, the bottom plate is connected to the beam, which has high stability. The bottom plate is connected to the transverse nut through the bracket, so that the transverse nut has high stability. Connected to different positions of the same horizontal screw, so as to support and maintain different positions of the horizontal screw, so that the structure of the horizontal screw is stable, the transmission accuracy is improved, and the processing accuracy is improved; of course, in view of the fact that multiple horizontal nuts are screwed One horizontal screw is independently controlled, and the horizontal screw is longer, so that multiple multi-dimensional processing components can be moved to one end of the beam, and one multi-dimensional processing component is reserved for processing. For larger workpieces, it has strong applicability.

In the above-mentioned five-axis engraving machine, the transverse screw rod is fixed on the top surface of the beam, the upper end of the bottom plate is higher than the top surface of the beam, and the bracket is fixed on the back of the bottom plate and higher than the beam. The transverse screw on the top surface of the beam will not interfere with the installation of the base plate.

In the above-mentioned five-axis engraving machine, the bracket is plate-shaped, and the bracket is arranged vertically and perpendicular to the bottom plate. The lower part of the bracket has a block-shaped nut seat, and the above-mentioned transverse nut is arranged on the nut seat. The bracket is arranged vertically and perpendicular to the bottom plate, which can stably support the bracket, so that the transverse nut remains stable and the machining accuracy is improved.

In the above-mentioned five-axis engraving machine, the driving part includes a transverse motor, which is horizontally fixed on the side of the support, the transverse motor is located above the transverse screw rod, and the transverse motor and the transverse nut are connected by a pulley or a gear Drive connection. Each bottom plate has an independent horizontal motor and horizontal nut to ensure the independent control of each bottom plate, so as to realize the simultaneous processing of different workpieces and improve efficiency. The vertical setting of the bracket can be compared with the horizontal setting, which can control the heavy horizontal The motor is better supported to improve stability.

In the above-mentioned five-axis engraving machine, there are four multi-dimensional processing assemblies, and the four multi-dimensional processing assemblies are all located on the front side of the cross beam, and the bottom plates of the four multi-dimensional processing assemblies are all slidably connected to the cross beam through horizontal slide rails. on the front side. The four transverse nuts can be screwed on the same transverse screw rod, thereby stably supporting the transverse screw rod and improving the machining accuracy.

In the above-mentioned five-axis engraving machine, there are two transverse slide rails fixed on the front side of the beam, and the upper transverse slide rail and the transverse screw rod are both close to the upper edge of the front side of the beam. That is, the horizontal slide rail at the upper edge is close to the horizontal screw rod, so the horizontal slide rail can make the position of the bracket more stable, thereby ensuring the stability of the horizontal nut and the horizontal screw rod, and improving the machining accuracy.

In the above-mentioned five-axis engraving machine, the bottom plate is slidably connected with a vertical carriage through vertical slide rails, the above-mentioned tool holder is fixed on the vertical carriage, and the bottom plate is provided with a mechanism that can drive the vertical carriage up and down. Screw nut assembly or rack and pinion assembly. The vertical carriage moves up and down relative to the base plate to realize the vertical position adjustment of the cutter head.

In the above-mentioned five-axis engraving machine, two gas springs are fixed on the bottom plate, and the two gas springs are respectively located on both sides of the vertical carriage, and a connecting frame is fixed on the top of the vertical carriage. , the cylinder is arranged vertically, and the piston rod of the cylinder faces upward and is fixed with the connecting frame. Due to the heavy weight of the tool holder and the parts on it, the inertia after moving is also large, so the gas spring is installed to buffer the movement of the vertical carriage, thereby improving the machining accuracy.

In the above-mentioned five-axis engraving machine, the multi-dimensional processing assembly further includes a rotating seat, a motor seat and a processing motor, the rotating seat is rotatably connected to the tool holder, and the rotating axis of the rotating seat is arranged vertically, so The motor seat is rotatably connected on the rotating seat, and the rotation axis of the motor seat is arranged horizontally, the processing motor is fixed on the motor seat, the processing motor is a double-rod motor, and the output shafts at both ends of the processing motor are A cutter head is installed. The rotating seat can rotate relative to the tool holder to adjust the orientation of the cutter head in the horizontal direction, and the motor seat can rotate relative to the rotating seat to adjust the orientation of the cutter head in the vertical plane, and it is also possible to select different cutter heads at the two ends of the processing motor. Combining the horizontal movement of the bottom plate, the vertical movement of the vertical carriage and the longitudinal movement of the processing platform, the five-dimensional movement of the cutter head is realized.

In the above-mentioned five-axis engraving machine, a base is provided under the crossbeam, and there are four processing platforms, and the four processing platforms correspond to the four multi-dimensional processing components one by one, and the four processing platforms all pass through the longitudinal The slide rail is slidably connected to the base, and the base is also provided with a longitudinal screw nut assembly or a rack and pinion assembly capable of driving the processing platform to slide longitudinally. Each processing platform corresponds to its own multi-dimensional processing components and does not interfere with each other to improve processing efficiency.

Compared with the existing technology, this five-axis engraving machine has the following advantages:

1. Since the five-axis engraving machine can independently control the horizontal, vertical and longitudinal movement of the cutter head, and at the same time the cutter head can rotate in the vertical plane and the horizontal plane, the independent five-dimensional movement of multiple cutter heads can be realized, and then it can be processed at the same time Different workpieces, improve processing efficiency.

2. Since the bottom plate is connected to the beam, it has high stability. The bottom plate is connected to the transverse nut through the bracket, so that the transverse nut has high stability. Multiple transverse nuts are screwed on different positions of the same transverse screw rod. Therefore, different positions of the transverse screw rod are supported and maintained, so that the structure of the transverse screw rod is stable, the transmission accuracy is improved, and the machining accuracy is further improved.

3. Since multiple multi-dimensional processing components can be independently controlled, multiple multi-dimensional processing components can be moved to one end of the beam, and one multi-dimensional processing component can be reserved for processing. At this time, the processing platforms below can be combined, and larger-sized workpieces can be positioned on the After the processing platform is put on, the processing platform is controlled to move synchronously, so that the multi-dimensional processing components have a large lateral movement space, which is suitable for larger workpieces and has strong applicability.

4. Several multi-dimensional processing components and several processing platforms can be controlled independently to process different workpieces at the same time, or can be controlled uniformly to process the same workpiece at the same time.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the five-axis engraving machine when part of the dust cover is not installed.

Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of another perspective of the five-axis engraving machine.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a five-axis engraving machine.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure at A in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the rotating seat without an end cover.

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the structure at B in Fig. 1 .

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the structure at point C in FIG. 2 .

In the figure, 1. Rack; 2. Beam; 21. Transverse screw rod; 22. Transverse slide rail; 3. Multidimensional processing component; 31. Base plate; 311. Bracket; Drive pulley; 314, belt; 315, driven pulley; 316, transverse nut; 318, transverse slide block; 319, vertical slide rail; 310, vertical motor; 32, vertical carriage; 321, vertical slide Block; 322, connecting frame; 33, tool rack; 331, horizontal steering motor; 34, rotating seat; 341, vertical steering motor; 35, motor seat; 36, processing motor; 37, cutter head; 38, gas spring; 39. Reducer; 4. Base; 41. Longitudinal slide rail; 42. Longitudinal motor; 43. Dust cover; 5. Processing platform; 51. Longitudinal slider.

Detailed ways

The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

Embodiment one:

As shown in Figure 1, a five-axis engraving machine includes a frame 1, four multi-dimensional processing components 3 and four processing platforms 5, a beam 2 is fixed on the frame 1 along the transverse direction, and is fixed on the front side of the beam 2 There are two horizontal slide rails 22, and the two horizontal slide rails 22 are respectively close to the upper and lower edges of the front side of the beam 2. The multi-dimensional processing assembly 3 includes a base plate 31, a vertical carriage 32, a tool holder 33, a processing motor 36 and a cutter head 37 , the rear side of the bottom plate 31 is fixed with a transverse slider 318, and the transverse slider 318 is slidably connected to the transverse slide rail 22, that is, the four multi-dimensional processing components 3 are all located on the front side of the beam 2 and arranged in sequence along the transverse direction, combined with the figure 2. As shown in FIG. 3 , on the upper side of the crossbeam 2, a transverse threaded mandrel 21 is horizontally fixed, and the two ends of the transverse threaded mandrel 21 extend to the two ends of the crossbeam 2 respectively, and each bottom plate 31 has a Rotation is provided with transverse nut 316, and four transverse nuts 316 are screwed on the transverse screw mandrel 21 in turn, and each transverse nut 316 is driven to rotate by the transverse motor 312 on the respective base plate 31, realizes the transverse movement of base plate 31. 4, a pair of vertical slide rails 319 are vertically fixed on the front side of the bottom plate 31, and a vertical slider 321 is fixed on the rear side of the vertical carriage 32, and the vertical slider 321 is slidably connected to the On the vertical slide rail 319 , a vertical motor 310 is also fixed on the bottom plate 31 , and the vertical motor 310 drives the vertical carriage 32 to move vertically through the vertical screw nut assembly. Two gas springs 38 are also fixed on the front side of the base plate 31. The gas springs 38 are cylinders. The two cylinders are respectively located on both sides of the vertical carriage 32 and are vertically arranged. , the piston rods of the two cylinders face upward and are fixed with the connecting frame 322 for buffering the movement of the vertical carriage 32 . As shown in Fig. 5, the tool holder 33 is fixed on the front side of the vertical carriage 32, and the tool holder 33 is rotatably connected with a rotating seat 34, and the rotating axis of the rotating seat 34 is vertically arranged, and the rotating seat 34 Be positioned at the below of tool rest 33, also be fixed with horizontal steering motor 331 on the tool rack 33, this horizontal steering motor 331 is connected with rotating seat 34 by speed reducer 39, is connected with motor seat 35 in rotation on rotating seat 34, and this motor seat The axis of rotation of 35 is arranged along the horizontal direction, and the rotating base 34 has a cavity, and a vertical steering motor 341 is fixed in the cavity. The cavities are covered by end caps. Processing motor 36 is fixed on the motor base 35, and this processing motor 36 is a double-rod motor, and cutter head 37 has two and is installed on the motor shaft of processing motor 36 two ends respectively. Of course, two processing motors 36 can be installed on the motor base 36, so that there are four cutter heads 37 on one motor base 36, that is, one to four different cutter heads 37 can be set on the motor base 36 as required. Two bases 4 are provided below the crossbeam 2, and the two bases 4 can be fixed with the frame 1, or can be independently arranged on the ground, and the two bases 4 are arranged laterally, as shown in FIG. Two pairs of longitudinal slide rails 41 are fixed on the base 4, and there are four processing platforms 5. The bottom of each processing platform 5 is fixed with a longitudinal slider 51, and the longitudinal sliders 51 of the four processing platforms 5 are respectively slidably connected to the four On the longitudinal slide rail 41, the processing platform 5 is arranged in the transverse direction, and corresponds to the four multi-dimensional processing assemblies 3 one by one, and two longitudinal motors 42 are fixed on each base 4, and the four longitudinal motors 42 are respectively passed through their respective The longitudinal screw nut assembly drives the respective processing platforms 5 to translate longitudinally, and the base 4 is fixed with a dust cover 43, and the longitudinal slide rail 41 and the longitudinal screw nut assembly are all located below the dust cover 43, so that the cutter head 37 can be aligned with the workpiece. Three-dimensional movement and two-direction rotation. At the same time, the five-axis engraving machine is also a numerical control device, and four sets of control systems can be installed to independently control four multi-dimensional processing components 3 and four processing platforms 5 for simultaneous processing. Different workpieces can also be controlled uniformly to process the same workpiece at the same time. Of course, a control system can also be installed. The control system controls the four multi-dimensional processing components 3 and the four processing platforms 5 independently or under the same control through four channels. .

As shown in Fig. 7, the upper end of the base plate 31 is higher than the upper side of the cross beam 2, and a support 311 is fixed on the rear side of the base plate 31 higher than the cross beam 2. The support 311 is located above the cross beam 2, and the support 311 is plate-shaped and vertical. Set, the transverse motor 312 is fixed on one side of the support 311, and the motor shaft of the transverse motor 312 stretches out from the other side of the support 311 and is fixed with a driving pulley 313, and the transverse nut 316 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the support 311. A driven pulley 315 is fixed on the 316, and the driving pulley 313 and the driven pulley 315 are connected by a belt 314. Of course, in the actual design process, the transverse motor 312 and the transverse nut 316 can also be driven by gears.

Embodiment two:

The structure of this five-axis engraving machine is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, the difference is that two of the four multi-dimensional processing components 3 are arranged on the front side of the beam 2, and the other two are arranged on the rear side of the beam 2, specifically, A pair of transverse slide rails 22 are fixed horizontally on the front side and the rear side of the crossbeam 2, and the bottom plates 31 of the two multidimensional processing assemblies 3 are slidably connected to the transverse slide rails 22 on the front side of the crossbeam 2 through the transverse slide block 318, and the other two The base plate 31 of a multi-dimensional processing assembly 3 is slidably connected on the transverse slide rail 22 on the rear side of the crossbeam 2 through the transverse slide block 318, and the transverse screw mandrel 21 can be one and is positioned at the middle part of the width direction of the crossbeam 2, on the four baseplates 31 The transverse nuts 316 of the crossbeam 2 are all screwed with the transverse screw rods 21, and two transverse screw mandrels 21 can also be set and respectively positioned at the front and rear edges of the upper side of the crossbeam 2. Rod 21 is screwed together.

Embodiment three:

The structure of this five-axis engraving machine is basically the same as that of Embodiment 1, the difference is that there is also a tool magazine on the frame 1, so as to realize automatic tool change and meet the selection of more different tool heads.

The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs can make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or adopt similar methods to replace them, but they will not deviate from the spirit of the present invention or go beyond the definition of the appended claims range.

Although terms such as the frame 1, the beam 2, and the transverse screw rod 21 are frequently used herein, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used only for the purpose of describing and explaining the essence of the present invention more conveniently; interpreting them as any kind of additional limitation is against the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of five axis engraving machines, including rack (1), the crossbeam (2) being horizontally fixed on rack (1) and several multidimensional processing groups Part (3), which is characterized in that several multidimensional processing assemblies (3) include sliding along the transverse direction the bottom plate being connected on crossbeam (2) (31) and vertically the toolframe (33) being slidably connected on bottom plate (31), the toolframe (33) is equipped at least one can In the horizontal plane with the cutter head (37) that rotates in perpendicular, the lower section of the crossbeam (2) is equipped at least two for positioning work Part and the processing platform (5) for capableing of longitudinal translation are transversely fixed with cross lead screw (21) on the crossbeam (2), several described It is respectively and fixedly provided on bottom plate (31) bracket (311), rotation is provided with lateral nut (316) on the bracket (311), and lateral nut (316) driving for driving lateral nut (316) to rotate is equipped on the bracket (311) with cross lead screw (21) bolt Part.

2. five axis engraving machine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cross lead screw (21) is fixed on crossbeam (2) Top surface on, the upper end of the bottom plate (31) is higher than the top surface of crossbeam (2), and above-mentioned bracket (311) is fixed on the back of bottom plate (31) On face and it is higher than crossbeam (2).

3. five axis engraving machine according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the bracket (311) is plate-like, and bracket (311) vertically it is arranged and perpendicular with bottom plate, the lower part of the bracket (311) has block-like nut seat (311a), above-mentioned Lateral nut (316) is arranged on nut seat (311a).

4. five axis engraving machine according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the actuator includes cross motor (312), should Cross motor (312) is horizontally fixed on bracket (311) side, and the cross motor (312) is located at the upper of cross lead screw (21) Side, and connect between cross motor (312) and lateral nut (316) by belt pulley or gear drive.

5. five axis engraving machine according to claim 4, which is characterized in that there are four the multidimensional processing assemblies (3), and four A multidimensional processing assembly (3) is respectively positioned on the front side of crossbeam (2), and the bottom plate (31) of four multidimensional processing assemblies (3) passes through Horizontal slide rail (22) is slidably connected on the leading flank of crossbeam (2).

6. five axis engraving machine according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the horizontal slide rail (22) has two and is fixed on On the leading flank of crossbeam (2), horizontal slide rail (22) and the cross lead screw (21) being located above are close to the upper of crossbeam (2) leading flank Edge.

7. five axis engraving machine described according to claim 1~any one of 6, which is characterized in that on the bottom plate (31) It is slidably connected perpendicular planker (32) by vertical rails (319), above-mentioned toolframe (33) is fixed on perpendicular planker (32), the bottom Plate (31) is equipped with the feed screw nut's assembly or rack and pinion assembly for being able to drive perpendicular planker (32) oscilaltion.

8. five axis engraving machine according to claim 7, which is characterized in that be fixed with two gas springs on the bottom plate (31) (38), which is located at the two sides of perpendicular planker (32), and perpendicular planker (32) upper top is fixed with connection frame (322), the gas spring (38) be cylinder, cylinder is vertically arranged, and the piston rod of cylinder upward and with connection frame (322) Xiang Gu It is fixed.

9. five axis engraving machine according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the multidimensional processing assembly (3) further includes rotation Seat (34), motor cabinet (35) and processing motor (36), the rotation seat (34) is rotatably connected on toolframe (33), and rotation seat (34) rotational axis line is vertically arranged, and the motor cabinet (35) is rotatably connected on rotation seat (34), and motor cabinet (35) Rotational axis line along horizontally disposed, the processing motor (36) is fixed on motor cabinet (35), and the processing motor (36) is Double rod motor, and cutter head (37) are mounted on the output shaft at processing motor (36) both ends.

10. five axis engraving machine according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the lower section of the crossbeam (2) is equipped with pedestal (4), There are four the processing platforms (5), and four processing platforms (5) correspond with four multidimensional processing assemblies (3), described in four Processing platform (5) is slidably connected on pedestal (4) by longitudinal slide rail (41), is additionally provided with and is able to drive on the pedestal (4) The feed screw nut's assembly or rack and pinion assembly that processing platform (5) slides along longitudinal direction.