CN110175933B - Direct-drive wind power plant dynamic equivalence method suitable for frequency modulation control - Google Patents
Direct-drive wind power plant dynamic equivalence method suitable for frequency modulation control Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct-drive wind power plant dynamic equivalence method suitable for frequency modulation control, and relates to a direct-drive wind power plant dynamic equivalence method. The method aims to solve the problems that the existing equivalent method for the wind power plant cannot be applied to the frequency modulation process and cannot complete fan grouping offline. The process is as follows: firstly, building an electromagnetic transient model of a direct-drive wind power plant; acquiring a frequency response curve of an electromagnetic transient model of a direct-drive wind power plant in a full-wind-speed operation area participating in a frequency modulation process when the frequency of a power system is reduced and increased; thirdly, dividing the full wind speed operation region according to the clustering characteristic on the curve, and identifying an air outlet speed division point; and fourthly, according to the wind speed division point as a grouping index, the wind generation sets in the full wind speed operation area are divided into the wind generation sets, the wind generation sets in each group are equivalent to one wind generation set, equivalent parameters of the equivalent sets and corresponding equivalent parameters of a current collection network are calculated, and a wind power plant equivalent model is obtained. The invention belongs to the technical field of simulation modeling of an electric power system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a direct-drive wind power plant dynamic equivalence method, and belongs to the technical field of power system simulation modeling.
Background
Due to the increasing severity of energy and environmental issues, wind energy is widely used in electrical power systems with its technical and cost advantages. However, with the rapid increase of the wind energy permeability, the inertia of the power system is reduced, the frequency stability is influenced and impacted to a certain extent, and the wind turbine generator should actively participate in frequency adjustment, so that the accuracy requirement for analyzing and calculating the large-scale wind power access to the power system to participate in the frequency modulation process is higher and higher. The wind power plant is provided with dozens or even hundreds of wind power units, each wind power unit is composed of modules such as a wind machine, a transmission shaft, a generator, a current transformer and a controller thereof, a protection device and a controller thereof, and if each wind power unit is independently modeled, the complexity and the calculation time of a simulation model can be greatly increased. Therefore, it is necessary to research an equivalent model of the wind power plant suitable for frequency modulation control.
In equivalent modeling of a wind power plant participating in frequency modulation, because the fitting precision of large-scale wind power plant single machine equivalence is generally difficult to meet requirements, how to reasonably and effectively group wind power generation sets is the first problem to be solved in equivalent modeling research of the wind power plant participating in the frequency modulation. So far, the grouping method of wind power plants mainly includes the following two types:
and (4) carrying out the grouping method of the unit clustering according to the similarity of the wind speeds. According to the method, a wind power plant is divided into a plurality of areas according to the wind speed difference caused by the wake effect and the wind direction, and the areas correspond to an equivalent unit respectively. Or directly grouping according to the similarity of wind speeds and the working areas of the wind turbine generators. The clustering method only considers the steady-state index, and when the number of the fans in the wind power plant is large and the difference of the operating conditions is large, the equivalent error is large.
And the grouping method takes the characteristic quantity capable of representing the running state of the unit as an index. The method is characterized in that influencing factors of a leading characteristic root of a linearization state of a wind turbine generator or variables such as rotating speed and a pitch angle which can represent the working state of the wind turbine generator are used as grouping indexes, and although the grouping method can achieve high equivalent precision, a complex algorithm is generally required to be applied, and the calculated amount is large. When the working condition difference is large, the number of equivalent wind turbine generators is still increased, and when the input wind speed changes, the grouping index cannot be obtained in real time, so that the engineering use has great limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a direct-drive wind power plant dynamic equivalence method suitable for frequency modulation control, aiming at solving the problems that the existing wind power plant equivalence method cannot be suitable for the frequency modulation process and cannot complete fan grouping offline.
The direct-drive wind power plant dynamic equivalence method suitable for frequency modulation control comprises the following specific processes:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, building an electromagnetic transient model of a direct-drive wind power plant, wherein the electromagnetic transient model of the direct-drive wind power plant adopts an additional droop control frequency modulation method;
acquiring a frequency response curve of an electromagnetic transient model of a direct-drive wind power plant in a full-wind-speed operation area participating in a frequency modulation process when the frequency of a power system is reduced and the frequency of the power system is increased;
dividing a full wind speed operation area into n areas according to the clustering characteristic on the frequency response curve, and identifying n-1 wind speed division points; n is a positive integer;
and step four, dividing the wind turbine generator in the full wind speed operation area into n wind turbine generators according to the n-1 wind speed division points obtained in the step three as grouping indexes, equating the wind turbine generators in each group to one wind turbine generator, namely an equivalent wind turbine generator, calculating equivalent parameters of each equivalent wind turbine generator and corresponding equivalent parameters of a collecting network, and obtaining a wind power plant equivalent model.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, an electromagnetic transient simulation model of a direct-drive wind power plant is built, a droop control frequency modulation method is added to enable the wind power plant to participate in system frequency modulation, and computer simulation is carried out under two working conditions of frequency reduction and frequency rise; and then acquiring a frequency response curve of the direct-drive wind power plant model in the full wind speed operation area participating in the frequency modulation process when the system frequency is lowered and raised, wherein the full wind speed operation area is 5.2m/s to 25m/s, and the wind speed interval is 0.1 m/s. When the fan works in different wind speed areas to participate in the frequency modulation process, the response curves of the system frequency are obviously different, and a plurality of division points of different operation areas can be identified according to the clustering characteristic on the system frequency curve. And finally, obtaining division points of each region as grouping indexes to divide the wind turbine generators, equating the wind turbine generators in each group to one, calculating equivalent parameters of each equivalent generator and corresponding collecting network equivalent parameters to obtain a wind power plant equivalent model, verifying the accuracy of the equivalent model by using the wind power plant equivalent model obtained in the third step and actual wind speed data.
The method solves the problems that the existing equivalence method cannot be suitable for frequency modulation control and cannot complete wind turbine generator group division offline, can obviously improve the accuracy of traditional single machine equivalence, is simple in principle, clear in physical meaning, free of complex calculation and good in adaptability to wind speed data and system frequency control.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a direct-drive wind power plant dynamic equivalence method suitable for frequency modulation control according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a frequency response curve of a system when a load is accessed in a full wind speed range of a wind power plant;
FIG. 3 is a frequency response curve of a system when a load is removed in a full wind speed range of a wind power plant;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of wind speed data from a simulation test;
FIG. 5 is a comparison graph of the detailed model and the stand-alone equivalent model of the group 15 wind speed data and the system frequency simulation result obtained by the method of the present invention when the system frequency decreases;
FIG. 6 is a comparison graph of the detailed model and the single-machine equivalent model of the group 15 wind speed data and the active power simulation result obtained by the method of the present invention when the system frequency is decreased;
FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of the detailed model and the stand-alone equivalent model of the group 15 wind speed data and the system frequency simulation result obtained by the method of the present invention when the system frequency rises;
FIG. 8 is a comparison graph of the detailed model and the single-machine equivalent model of the group 15 wind speed data and the active power simulation result obtained by the method of the present invention when the system frequency rises;
FIG. 9 is a simulation model diagram of a direct-drive wind farm participating in frequency modulation built by the present invention, T1 is a wind farm outlet transformer, T2 is a synchronous generator outlet transformer, L1 and L2 are power transmission lines, WT1 is a wind turbine in a first row and a first column, WT2 is a wind turbine in a second row and a first column, WT11 is a wind turbine in an eleventh row and a first column, WT12 is a wind turbine in a first row and a second column, WT13 is a wind turbine in a second row and a second column, WT22 is a wind turbine in an eleventh row and a second column, WT23 is a wind turbine in a first row and a third column, WT24 is a wind turbine in a second row and a third column, WT33 is a wind turbine in an eleventh row and a third column, and PL1Active power, P, for a fixed loadL2To vary the active power of the load, QL1Reactive power, Q, for a fixed loadL2Is the reactive power of the varying load.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1, and the specific process of the direct-drive wind farm dynamic equivalence method applied to frequency modulation control in the embodiment is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps that firstly, an electromagnetic transient model of a direct-drive wind power plant is built, and computer simulation is carried out on the electromagnetic transient model of the direct-drive wind power plant by adopting an additional droop control frequency modulation method;
acquiring a frequency response curve of an electromagnetic transient model of a direct-drive wind power plant in a full-wind-speed operation area participating in a frequency modulation process when the frequency of a power system is reduced and the frequency of the power system is increased;
thirdly, the wind turbine generator works in different wind speed areas, when the system frequency is lowered and raised, the response curves of the system frequency are different, the full wind speed operation area is divided into n areas according to the clustering characteristic on the frequency response curve, and n-1 wind speed division points are identified; n is a positive integer;
and step four, dividing the wind turbine generator in the full wind speed operation area into n wind turbine generators according to the n-1 wind speed division points obtained in the step three as grouping indexes, equating the wind turbine generators in each group to one wind turbine generator, namely an equivalent wind turbine generator, calculating equivalent parameters of each equivalent wind turbine generator and corresponding equivalent parameters of a collecting network, and obtaining a wind power plant equivalent model.
The second embodiment is as follows: the difference between the first embodiment and the second embodiment is that the full wind speed operation area in the second step is 5.2m/s to 25m/s, and the wind speed interval is 0.1 m/s.
Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the difference between the embodiment and the specific embodiment is that the equivalent parameters of the equivalent set in the fourth step include equivalent capacity of the generator, equivalent stator reactance of the generator, equivalent stator resistance of the generator, equivalent rotor inertia time constant of the wind turbine and equivalent shafting stiffness coefficient of the wind turbine set.
Other steps and parameters are the same as those in the first or second embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to third embodiments is that the equivalent parameters of the collector network in the fourth step include the equivalent impedance of the line and the equivalent ground-to-ground capacitance of the line.
Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to third embodiments.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fourth embodiments is that the equivalent parameters of the equivalent unit in the fourth step are calculated according to a capacity weighting method.
Other steps and parameters are the same as in one of the first to fourth embodiments.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the difference between this embodiment and one of the first to fifth embodiments is that the equivalent parameters of the collector network in the fourth step are calculated according to the principle that the power loss of the collector network is equal before and after the equivalence.
Other steps and parameters are the same as those in one of the first to fifth embodiments.
Example (b):
the following is an embodiment of the invention, taking a wind farm composed of 33 direct-drive wind turbines as an example, the specific steps and results are as follows:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, building an electromagnetic transient simulation model of a direct-drive wind power plant, adopting an additional droop control frequency modulation method in the model, and carrying out computer simulation under two working conditions of system frequency reduction and system frequency increase according to technical provisions for connecting a wind turbine generator to a power system.
And secondly, acquiring a frequency response curve when the system frequency is reduced and the system frequency is increased in a full wind speed operation area (5.2m/s to 25m/s, and the wind speed interval is 0.1m/s) of the wind power plant.
When the system frequency is decreased and increased, and wind power plants with different wind speeds participate in frequency modulation, the system frequency response curves are different, and a plurality of wind speed division points are obtained according to the clustering characteristics on the frequency response curves
And fourthly, dividing the wind turbine generators by taking the wind speed division point obtained in the third step as a grouping index, equating the wind turbine generators in each group to be one, and calculating equivalent parameters of each equivalent generator and corresponding equivalent parameters of a collecting network.
And fifthly, carrying out accuracy verification by using the obtained equivalent model of the wind power plant and adopting an actual wind speed data equivalent method.
The electromagnetic transient simulation model of the direct-drive wind power plant built in the first step is shown in fig. 9, a droop control frequency modulation method is added to the model, the wind power plant is connected with a synchronous generator through a transformer, a power transmission line and jointly supplies power to a load, the load comprises a fixed load and a variable load, and simulation parameters are shown in table 1. And when 1s, the variable load is switched on or off, and the system frequency is reduced or increased.
TABLE 1 simulation parameters
In the second step, the wind turbine generator is an important component of the wind power plant, and the response characteristic of the system frequency when the droop control frequency modulation method is additionally researched is the basis of dynamic equivalence of the wind power plant in the frequency modulation process. When the same droop control coefficient is adopted at different wind speeds, the frequency characteristics of the system are different.
In order to obtain a frequency response curve when the wind generating set is additionally subjected to droop control in a full wind speed operation area, the wind power plant and the synchronous generating set are connected based on the built simulation model to jointly supply power to the load. The wind turbine generator can not participate in the frequency modulation process of the system when operating under the working condition of low wind speed, so that the wind speed is increased to 25m/s from 5.2m/s every 0.1m/s, the load is switched in or removed when the wind speed is 1s, and the main simulation parameters are the same as the above. The frequency response curves of the system frequency drop and the system frequency rise are shown in fig. 2 and 3. Each curve in the figure corresponds to a simulation result under a certain wind speed, and only frequency response curves under typical wind speeds are listed in the figure for visual display.
In the third step, the wind turbine generator works in different wind speed areas, and when the system frequency decreases and increases, the response curve of the system frequency is different. As can be seen from FIG. 2, when the frequency of the access load system is reduced, and the fan works in different wind speed areas, the response curves of the system frequency are obviously different, the wind turbines with the wind speed of 5.2-8.2 m/s, the wind speed of 8.8-10.9 m/s and the wind speed of 11-25 m/s have obvious clustering characteristics, and two division points of 8.2 and 10.9m/s can be identified.
When the wind speed is 5.2-8.2 m/s, the wind turbine generator operates in the maximum wind energy tracking area; the wind speed is 8.8-10.9 m/s, and the wind turbine generator operates in a constant rotating speed area; the wind speed is 11-25 m/s, and the wind turbine generator operates in a constant power area; the wind speed is 8.3-8.7 m/s, the wind turbine generator runs near the boundary point of the maximum wind energy tracking area and the constant rotating speed area, the rotating speed of the rotor is reduced after the wind turbine generator participates in frequency modulation, the wind turbine generator runs from the constant rotating speed area to the maximum wind energy tracking area, the maximum wind energy tracking power change range is large, and frequency response curves are different under different wind speeds. Because the power characteristic curve difference between the constant rotating speed area and the maximum wind energy tracking area is large, the rotating speed of the rotor oscillates near the rotating speed value of the rotor corresponding to the dividing point of the two areas, and the system frequency slightly oscillates and quickly recovers stability. Although the frequency variation trend of the system has certain difference, the wind speed variation range in the area is small, the wind power generation sets in the wind power plant can be equivalent to one fan, and the division point of 8.7m/s can be identified. In conclusion, when the system frequency is reduced, three division points of 8.2m/s, 8.7m/s and 10.9m/s can be identified by the dynamic equivalence method for the wind power plant participating in the frequency modulation process.
As can be seen from FIG. 3, when the frequency of the load shedding system rises, and the fan works in different wind speed areas, the response curves of the system frequency have obvious differences, the wind speed is 5.2-7.8 m/s, the wind speed is 8.3-10.2 m/s, and the wind speed is 11-25 m/s, the wind turbine generator has obvious clustering characteristics, and two division points of 7.8m/s and 10.2m/s can be identified.
When the wind speed is 5.2-7.8 m/s, the wind turbine generator operates in the maximum wind energy tracking area; the wind speed is 8.3-10.2 m/s, and the wind turbine generator operates in a constant rotating speed area; the wind speed is 11-25 m/s, and the wind turbine generator operates in a constant power area; the wind speed is 7.9-8.2 m/s, the wind turbine generator runs near the boundary point of the maximum wind energy tracking area and the constant rotating speed area, the system frequency rises, the rotating speed of the rotor rises, the wind turbine generator runs from the maximum wind energy tracking area to the constant rotating speed area, the difference of power characteristic curves between the two areas is large, the rotating speed of the rotor oscillates near the rotating speed value of the rotor corresponding to the boundary point of the two areas, and the system frequency quickly recovers to be stable after slight oscillation. The wind speed is 10.3-10.9 m/s, the wind turbine generator runs near the boundary point of the constant rotating speed area and the constant power area, and the pitch angle control does not act. When the system frequency rises, the rotor speed exceeds the rated speed, the variation range is enlarged, the system inertia is enhanced, and the frequency characteristic is improved. When the wind speeds are 7.9-8.2 m/s and 10.3-10.9 m/s, the wind speed change range is small, although the frequency characteristic curves have certain difference, the wind turbine generator in the wind speed area can be respectively equivalent to one fan, and two division points of 8.2m/s and 10.9m/s can be identified. In conclusion, when the system frequency rises, the wind power plant participates in the dynamic equivalence method of the frequency modulation process, and four division points of 7.8m/s, 8.2m/s, 10.2m/s and 10.9m/s can be identified.
In the fourth step, in the full wind speed operation area, the division point is obtained by the clustering characteristic of the frequency response curve when the system frequency is decreased and increased. And (3) when the frequency is reduced, taking the division points (8.2m/s, 8.7m/s and 10.9m/s) and when the frequency is increased, taking the division points (7.8m/s, 8.2m/s, 10.2m/s and 10.9m/s) as grouping indexes to divide the wind turbine generators, equating the wind turbine generators in each group to one, and calculating equivalent parameters of each equivalent generator and corresponding equivalent parameters of the collecting network. The equivalent wind speed is the equivalent wind speed corresponding to the average power of the sum of the output power of all the wind generation sets in the group. Equivalent wind speed v of single machineeqThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula, m is the number of the wind turbines, j is the number of the wind turbines, PjThe active output of the jth unit. PjAnd f (vj) represents the wind speed-power characteristic curve of the unit.
The parameters of the equivalent wind turbine generator are calculated according to a capacity weighting method, the parameters of the equivalent collecting network are calculated according to the principle that the power losses of the collecting network are equal before and after the equivalence, and the specific process of the method is not repeated.
And fifthly, verifying the accuracy of the equivalent value method to ensure that the equivalent model of the wind power plant is suitable for frequency modulation control. Specifically, simulation tests of system frequency drop and system frequency rise can be respectively carried out on the wind power plant equivalent model, the traditional single-machine equivalent model and the detailed model according to at least one group of detected wind speeds, and the active power and system frequency response curves of the wind power plant equivalent model, the traditional single-machine equivalent model and the detailed model under the same wind speed and same frequency change are compared, so that the simulation effect of the wind power plant equivalent model is judged.
In the present example, 30 groups of wind speed data as shown in fig. 4 are randomly selected from 1008 groups of wind speed data of a certain 3 × 11 wind farm from 5 months and 8 days to 5 months and 14 days to perform an equivalent experiment. And (4) accessing or cutting off the load at 1s, connecting the wind power plant with the synchronous generator, and connecting the main simulation parameters with the synchronous generator. To demonstrate the equivalent effect of the method of the present invention, the frequency drop of the wind speed system in the 15 th group is randomly selected and compared with the equivalent effect of a single machine when the system frequency rises, and the results are shown in fig. 5 to 6 and fig. 7 to 8, respectively.
As can be seen from fig. 5 to 6 and fig. 7 to 8, the clustering strategy of the present invention can significantly improve the equivalent accuracy of the conventional single machine aggregation, and the tracking effect of the active power and the system frequency of the wind farm is good. Therefore, the equivalent strategy of the invention has good adaptability to the participation of the wind power plant in the frequency modulation process.
Claims (4)
1. The direct-drive wind power plant dynamic equivalence method suitable for frequency modulation control is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following specific processes:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, building an electromagnetic transient model of a direct-drive wind power plant, wherein the electromagnetic transient model of the direct-drive wind power plant adopts an additional droop control frequency modulation method;
acquiring a frequency response curve of an electromagnetic transient model of a direct-drive wind power plant in a full-wind-speed operation area participating in a frequency modulation process when the frequency of a power system is reduced and the frequency of the power system is increased;
dividing a full wind speed operation area into n areas according to the clustering characteristic on the frequency response curve, and identifying n-1 wind speed division points; n is a positive integer;
step four, dividing the wind turbine generator in the full wind speed operation area into n wind turbine generators according to the n-1 wind speed division points obtained in the step three as grouping indexes, equating the wind turbine generators in each group to one wind turbine generator, namely an equivalent wind turbine generator, calculating equivalent parameters of each equivalent wind turbine generator and corresponding equivalent parameters of a collecting network, and obtaining a wind power plant equivalent model;
in the second step, the full wind speed operation area is 5.2m/s to 25m/s, and the wind speed interval is 0.1 m/s;
the equivalent parameters of the equivalent set in the fourth step comprise equivalent capacity of the generator, equivalent stator reactance of the generator, equivalent stator resistance of the generator, equivalent rotor inertia time constant of the wind turbine and equivalent shafting stiffness coefficient of the wind turbine set.
2. The direct-drive wind power plant dynamic equivalence method suitable for frequency modulation control according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps of: the equivalent parameters of the collector network in the fourth step include the equivalent impedance of the line and the equivalent pair-ground susceptance of the line.
3. The direct-drive wind power plant dynamic equivalence method suitable for frequency modulation control according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: and calculating equivalent parameters of the equivalent unit in the fourth step according to a capacity weighting method.
4. The direct-drive wind power plant dynamic equivalence method suitable for frequency modulation control according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: and in the fourth step, the equivalent parameters of the collector network are calculated according to the principle that the power loss of the collector network is equal before and after equivalence.
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| CN105279318A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-27 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Dynamic equivalence method for wind power station of direct drive permanent magnet wind turbine generators |
| CN106786796A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-31 | 国网山西省电力公司 | A kind of wind-powered electricity generation participates in the control method and its system of power system frequency modulation |
| CN108832658A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-11-16 | 三峡大学 | A kind of wind power penetration limit calculation method considering frequency constraint and wind-powered electricity generation frequency modulation |
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