CN112993984B - Large-disturbance polymerization method for distributed photovoltaic power station under condition of electrical connection - Google Patents

Large-disturbance polymerization method for distributed photovoltaic power station under condition of electrical connection Download PDF

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CN112993984B
CN112993984B CN202110220676.1A CN202110220676A CN112993984B CN 112993984 B CN112993984 B CN 112993984B CN 202110220676 A CN202110220676 A CN 202110220676A CN 112993984 B CN112993984 B CN 112993984B
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CN112993984A (en
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徐箭
廖思阳
张喆
孙元章
李兆伟
吕亚洲
郄朝辉
李威
刘福锁
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Wuhan University WHU
NARI Group Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2203/20—Simulating, e g planning, reliability check, modelling or computer assisted design [CAD]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of distributed photovoltaic dynamic polymerization, in particular to a large-disturbance polymerization method for a distributed photovoltaic power station under the condition of electrical connection. According to the national standard of photovoltaic low-voltage ride through and the actually measured inverter ride through characteristic, a single photovoltaic pscad electromagnetic transient model is established; grouping the photovoltaic power stations according to the electrical positions of the photovoltaic power stations in the system and the voltage drop characteristics of the distributed photovoltaic power stations during faults; grouping and polymerizing the same group of photovoltaic and lines to obtain a final polymerization model: the photovoltaics are aggregated according to the capacity, and the line impedance is aggregated according to the principle that the power and the voltage are not changed before and after the equivalence. Has the following advantages: a plurality of photovoltaic power stations are aggregated into a small number of photovoltaic power stations, so that the simulation time and the system scale are greatly reduced; the line polymerization simultaneously considers the voltage loss and the power loss, thereby greatly improving the accuracy; the external characteristics of the photovoltaic power station are unchanged before and after the aggregation, and a theoretical basis can be provided for a subsequent protection scheme and a control strategy.

Description

Large-disturbance polymerization method for distributed photovoltaic power station under condition of electrical connection
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of distributed photovoltaic dynamic polymerization, in particular to a large-disturbance polymerization method for a distributed photovoltaic power station under the condition of electrical connection.
Background
In recent years, clean energy such as solar energy has been widely developed and utilized instead of conventional fossil energy, and is environmentally friendly and renewable, so that the pressure of resources and environment can be effectively relieved, and the solar energy is also favored and valued by various countries in the field of power generation. In the future, with the development of smart power grids and the requirement of environmental protection and the perfection and maturity of the technology of the photovoltaic power generation industry, the requirements of large-scale access and application of photovoltaic power generation are increasing day by day.
However, the photovoltaic access brings a series of problems, such as reducing the inertia of the power system, so that the power system is weakened in resisting disturbance, and therefore, the stability problem after the photovoltaic access to the power system needs to be analyzed and researched. The existing simulation platform has limited processing capacity for a large number of distributed photovoltaic accessed scenes, and is particularly characterized in that during photovoltaic modeling, the simulation time of a power electronic model is long, and when the number of photovoltaic is increased, the problem of duration is more serious. Therefore, aggregation research needs to be carried out on the distributed photovoltaic, the aggregation of the distributed photovoltaic can break through the limitation of hardware simulation speed, reduce the simulation time and the simulation system scale, and is also the research basis of the system stability analysis problem and other all derived problems such as frequency modulation and voltage regulation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a large-disturbance aggregation method of a distributed photovoltaic power station under the condition of electrical connection, and aims to effectively reduce the frequent simulation of photovoltaic systems with a large number and a large scale as photovoltaic systems with a small number and a small scale when large system disturbance occurs, ensure that the external power characteristics of photovoltaic systems before and after equivalence are unchanged, and further provide a theoretical basis for the stability analysis problem of the system under the large disturbance.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme:
a large disturbance aggregation method of a distributed photovoltaic power station under the condition of electrical connection is characterized in that based on an established single photovoltaic pscad electromagnetic transient model, the method comprises the following steps of:
step 1, clustering the photovoltaic according to the voltage drop characteristics of each distributed photovoltaic power station when the photovoltaic power station is at the electrical position and has a fault in the system, specifically comprising:
step 1.1, constructing an electrical position similarity matrix:
reserving photovoltaic nodes for equivalence simplification, eliminating non-photovoltaic nodes, and obtaining an equivalence admittance matrix:
Figure BDA0002954729610000021
Y G representing photovoltaic node admittance blocks, Y, associated with non-photovoltaic nodes P Representing non-photovoltaic nodal admittance blocks, Y T Representing the transadmittance partitions between them.
Step 1.2, constructing a voltage drop track similarity matrix:
D ij ＝∑(α(D 1ij )/∑D 1ij +(1-α)/∑D 2ij )
wherein D is ij Is an index of voltage sag trajectory, D 1ij Is an index of the voltage sag depth, D 2ij Is the voltage trace indicator for low voltage ride through, and alpha is the weight of the indicator.
The element expression of the grouping matrix of the voltage drop depth index is as follows:
D 1ij ＝max|Δv i (t 0 )-Δv j (t 0 )|
Δv j and Δ v i For different photovoltaic inverters at t 0 Different degrees of voltage sag at time:
Δv k (t 0 )＝|v k (t 0 )-v k0 |
wherein v is k (t 0 ) And v k0 Are each t 0 And the grid connection point voltage value of the photovoltaic power station k at the moment and the steady state.
The element expression of the grouping matrix of the voltage track index of the low-voltage ride through is as follows:
Figure BDA0002954729610000031
step 1.3, setting the weight of each index:
and performing multiple experiments, calculating the matrix similarity of the clustering matrix obtained by manual analysis and the similar matrix of each influence factor obtained by calculation, and taking the average value of the similarity as the weight of the corresponding index.
Figure BDA0002954729610000032
Wherein M is Aab Grouping matrices, M, for manual judgment Bab And H is the row number of the grouping matrix, and W is the column number of the grouping matrix.
Step 1.4, grouping: and grouping according to the characteristic distances of the elements of the array of the judgment matrix.
Step 2, grouping and polymerizing the same group of photovoltaic cells and circuits to obtain a final polymerization model: the photovoltaics are aggregated according to the capacity, and the line impedance is aggregated according to the principle that the power and the voltage are not changed before and after the equivalence.
In the above large disturbance aggregation method for a distributed photovoltaic power station under the condition of electrical connection, in step 2, the method for performing group aggregation on the same group of photovoltaics and lines is as follows:
and 2.1, aggregating the control parameters and the filter circuit parameters of the photovoltaic cells in the same group according to capacity weighting.
Step 2.2, converging the equivalent line impedance to the original bus according to the principle that the power and the voltage are not changed before and after the equivalence:
Figure BDA0002954729610000033
wherein S is PCC For apparent power at the point of photovoltaic integration, S i For apparent power on the line, M isThe number of photovoltaics to be combined,
Figure BDA0002954729610000041
for the average voltage drop caused on the collecting lines of the photovoltaic groups to be merged:
Figure BDA0002954729610000042
wherein, Delta U i The voltage difference between the outlet point of the photovoltaic power station i and the grid-connected bus is obtained.
And 2.3, aggregating the photovoltaic power stations with the electrical connection to a connecting bus.
In the large disturbance aggregation method for the distributed photovoltaic power station under the condition of electrical connection, the method for establishing the single photovoltaic pscad electromagnetic transient model comprises the following steps:
and step A, establishing a model of the photovoltaic cell array. The photovoltaic cell array is formed by connecting photovoltaic cell modules in series and parallel, and the number of the modules connected in series is
Figure BDA0002954729610000043
The number of parallel-connected components is
Figure BDA0002954729610000044
The photovoltaic cell assembly is formed by connecting single cells in series and parallel, and the number of the single cells connected in series is
Figure BDA0002954729610000045
The number of the single batteries connected in parallel is
Figure BDA0002954729610000046
And B, establishing a model of the photovoltaic power station filter circuit. The in-station filtering circuit comprises a series inductor L f Series resistance R f Parallel capacitor C f ；
Step C, establishing a model of the inverter, namely d-axis current I output by the inverter during normal and low voltage ride through d And q-axis current I q :
Figure BDA0002954729610000047
Figure BDA0002954729610000048
Figure BDA0002954729610000049
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure BDA00029547296100000410
the voltage per unit value of the grid-connected point of the photovoltaic power station; i is max Rated installed capacity/(rated voltage of photovoltaic grid-connected points) of a photovoltaic power station; i is dn D-axis current output when the photovoltaic power system normally operates; i is N Is the rated current.
Therefore, the invention has the following advantages: 1. a plurality of photovoltaic power stations are aggregated into a small number of photovoltaic power stations, so that the simulation time and the system scale are greatly reduced; 2. the line polymerization simultaneously considers the voltage loss and the power loss, thereby greatly improving the accuracy; 3. the external characteristics of the photovoltaic power station are unchanged before and after the aggregation, and a theoretical basis can be provided for a subsequent protection scheme and a control strategy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic power plant before equivalence adopted in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a photovoltaic power station in group No. 1 after equivalence adopted in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the output active power of the photovoltaic power station before and after equivalence in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the output reactive power of the photovoltaic power station before and after equivalence in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a flow chart of an operation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples, it being noted that the examples are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Example (b):
a large disturbance polymerization method of distributed photovoltaic under the condition of electrical connection comprises the following steps:
step 1, establishing a single photovoltaic pscad electromagnetic transient model according to the national standard of photovoltaic low voltage ride through and the actually measured inverter ride through characteristic, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
step 3, grouping and polymerizing the same group of photovoltaic cells and circuits to obtain a final polymerization model: the photovoltaic is polymerized according to the capacity, the line impedance is polymerized according to the principle that the power and the voltage are not changed before and after the equivalence, and the specific operation method is as follows:
the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, a model of the photovoltaic cell array is established. The photovoltaic cell array is formed by connecting photovoltaic cell components in series and parallel, and the number of the components connected in series is
Figure BDA0002954729610000061
The number of parallel-connected components is
Figure BDA0002954729610000062
The photovoltaic cell assembly is formed by connecting single cells in series and parallel, and the number of the single cells connected in series is
Figure BDA0002954729610000063
The number of the single batteries connected in parallel is
Figure BDA0002954729610000064
And 1.2, establishing a model of the photovoltaic power station filter circuit. The in-station filtering circuit comprises a series inductor L f Series resistance R f Parallel capacitor C f ；
Step 1.3, establishing a model of the inverter, namely d-axis current I output by the inverter during normal and low voltage ride through d And q-axis current I q :
Figure BDA0002954729610000065
Figure BDA0002954729610000066
Figure BDA0002954729610000067
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002954729610000068
is a per unit value of the grid-connected point voltage of the photovoltaic power station; i is max Rated installed capacity/(rated voltage of photovoltaic grid-connected points) of a photovoltaic power station; i is dn D-axis current output when the photovoltaic power system normally operates; i is N Is the rated current.
Step 2, grouping the photovoltaic power stations according to the electrical positions of the photovoltaic power stations in the system and the voltage drop characteristics of the distributed photovoltaic power stations during faults, wherein the specific operation method comprises the following steps:
according to the electric position of photovoltaic power plant in the system and the voltage drop characteristic of each distributed photovoltaic power plant when the trouble divides the photovoltaic into groups, include:
step 2.1, constructing an electrical position similarity matrix:
reserving photovoltaic nodes for equivalence simplification, eliminating non-photovoltaic nodes, and obtaining an equivalence admittance matrix:
Figure BDA0002954729610000071
Y G representing photovoltaic node admittance blocks, Y, associated with non-photovoltaic nodes P Representing non-photovoltaic nodal admittance blocks, Y T Representing the transadmittance partitions between them.
Step 2.2, constructing a voltage drop track similarity matrix:
D ij ＝∑(α(D 1ij )/∑D 1ij +(1-α)/∑D 2ij )
wherein D is ij Is an index of voltage sag trajectory, D 1ij Is an index of the voltage sag depth, D 2ij Is the voltage trace indicator for low voltage ride through, and alpha is the weight of the indicator.
The element expression of the grouping matrix of the voltage drop depth index is as follows:
D 1ij ＝max|Δv i (t 0 )-Δv j (t 0 )|
Δv j and Δ v i For different photovoltaic inverters at t 0 Different degrees of voltage sag at time:
Δv k (t 0 )＝|v k (t 0 )-v k0 |
wherein v is k (t 0 ) And v k0 Are each t 0 And the grid connection point voltage value of the photovoltaic power station k at the moment and the steady state.
The element expression of the grouping matrix of the voltage track index of the low-voltage ride through is as follows:
Figure BDA0002954729610000072
step 2.3, setting the weight of each index:
and performing multiple experiments, calculating the matrix similarity of the clustering matrix obtained by manual analysis and the similar matrix of each influence factor obtained by calculation, and taking the average value of the similarity as the weight of the corresponding index.
Figure BDA0002954729610000073
Wherein, M Aab Grouping matrices, M, for manual judgment Bab And H is the row number of the grouping matrix, and W is the column number of the grouping matrix.
Step 2.4, grouping: and grouping according to the characteristic distances of the elements of the array of the judgment matrix.
For example, in the embodiment, for the distribution network with the structure diagram shown in fig. 1, the evaluation matrix similarity result obtained based on the above method is shown in table 1:
table 1 evaluation of matrix similarity results
Figure BDA0002954729610000081
The final clustering results are shown in table 2, where only group No. 1 had electrical connections:
table 2 evaluation of matrix similarity results
Figure BDA0002954729610000082
Step 3, grouping and polymerizing the same group of photovoltaic cells and circuits to obtain a final polymerization model: the photovoltaic is polymerized according to the capacity, the line impedance is polymerized according to the principle that the power and the voltage are not changed before and after the equivalence, and the specific operation method is as follows:
and 3.1, aggregating the control parameters and the filter circuit parameters of the photovoltaic cells in the same group according to capacity weighting.
Step 3.2, converging the equivalent line impedance to the original bus according to the principle that the power and the voltage are not changed before and after the equivalent:
Figure BDA0002954729610000091
wherein S is PCC For apparent power at the point of photovoltaic integration, S i Is the apparent power on the line, M is the number of photovoltaics to be merged,
Figure BDA0002954729610000092
for the average voltage drop caused on the collecting lines of the photovoltaic groups to be merged:
Figure BDA0002954729610000093
wherein, Delta U i The voltage difference between the outlet point of the photovoltaic power station i and the grid-connected bus is obtained.
And 3.3, aggregating the photovoltaic power stations with the electrical connection to a connecting bus.
Two photovoltaics within the photovoltaic group 1 have significant electrical connections, fig. 3 is a graph of active power of photovoltaic output before and after aggregation, and fig. 4 is a graph of reactive power of photovoltaic output before and after aggregation.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. The large-disturbance polymerization method of the distributed photovoltaic power station under the condition of electrical connection is characterized in that an established single photovoltaic pscad electromagnetic transient model comprises a photovoltaic square matrix model, a power generation unit step-up transformer, a station current collection circuit model and an inverter model, and comprises the following steps:
step 1, clustering the photovoltaic according to the voltage drop characteristics of each distributed photovoltaic power station when the photovoltaic power station is at the electrical position and has a fault in the system, specifically comprising:
step 1.1, constructing an electrical position similarity matrix:
reserving photovoltaic nodes for equivalence simplification, eliminating non-photovoltaic nodes, and obtaining an equivalence admittance matrix:
Figure FDA0003692328770000011
Y G representing photovoltaic node admittance blocks, Y, associated with non-photovoltaic nodes P Representing non-photovoltaic nodal admittance blocks, Y T Representing transadmittance partitions between them;
step 1.2, constructing a voltage drop track similarity matrix:
D ij ＝∑(α(D 1ij )/∑D 1ij +(1-α)/∑D 2ij )
wherein D is ij Is an index of voltage sag trajectory, D 1ij Is an index of the voltage sag depth, D 2ij Is a voltage trace index of low voltage ride through, and alpha is the weight of the index;
the element expression of the grouping matrix of the voltage drop depth index is as follows:
D 1ij ＝max|Δv i (t 0 )-Δv j (t 0 )|
Δv j and Δ v i For different photovoltaic inverters at t 0 Different degrees of voltage sag at time:
Δv k (t 0 )＝|v k (t 0 )-v k0 |
wherein v is k (t 0 ) And v k0 Are each t 0 The grid connection point voltage value of the photovoltaic power station k at the moment and the steady state;
the element expression of the grouping matrix of the voltage track index of the low-voltage ride through is as follows:
Figure FDA0003692328770000021
step 1.3, setting the weight of each index:
performing multiple experiments, calculating the matrix similarity of the clustering matrix obtained by manual analysis and the similar matrix of each influence factor obtained by calculation, and taking the average value of the similarity as the weight of the corresponding index;
Figure FDA0003692328770000022
wherein M is Aab Grouping matrices, M, for manual judgment Bab Obtaining a grouping matrix for each index, wherein H is the row number of the grouping matrix, and W is the column number of the grouping matrix;
step 1.4, grouping: grouping according to the characteristic distance of the elements of the matrix array;
step 2, grouping and polymerizing the same group of photovoltaic cells and circuits to obtain a final polymerization model: the photovoltaics are aggregated according to the capacity, and the line impedance is aggregated according to the principle that the power and the voltage are not changed before and after the equivalence.
2. The method for large disturbance aggregation of distributed photovoltaic power plants under the condition of electrical connection according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the method for clustering the same group of photovoltaic power plants and lines is as follows:
step 2.1, aggregating control parameters and filter circuit parameters of the photovoltaic cells in the same group according to capacity weighting;
step 2.2, converging the equivalent line impedance to the original bus according to the principle that the power and the voltage are not changed before and after the equivalence:
Figure FDA0003692328770000023
wherein S is PCC For apparent power at the point of photovoltaic integration, S i Is the apparent power on the line, M is the number of photovoltaics to be merged,
Figure FDA0003692328770000031
for the average voltage drop caused on the collecting lines of the photovoltaic groups to be merged:
Figure FDA0003692328770000032
wherein, Delta U i The voltage difference between an outlet point of the photovoltaic power station i and a grid-connected bus is obtained;
and 2.3, aggregating the photovoltaic power stations with the electrical connection to a connecting bus.
3. The large-disturbance aggregation method for the distributed photovoltaic power station under the condition of electrical connection according to claim 1, wherein the method for establishing the pscad electromagnetic transient model of the single photovoltaic is as follows:
step A, establishing a model of a photovoltaic cell array; the photovoltaic cell array is formed by connecting photovoltaic cell modules in series and parallel, and the number of the modules connected in series is
Figure FDA0003692328770000033
The number of parallel-connected components is
Figure FDA0003692328770000034
The photovoltaic cell assembly is formed by connecting single cells in series and parallel, and the number of the single cells connected in series is
Figure FDA0003692328770000035
The number of the single batteries connected in parallel is
Figure FDA0003692328770000036
B, establishing a model of a photovoltaic power station filter circuit; the in-station filtering circuit comprises a series inductor L f Series resistance R f Parallel capacitor C f ；
Step C, establishing a model of the inverter, namely d-axis current I output by the inverter during normal and low voltage ride through d And q-axis current I q :
Figure FDA0003692328770000037
Figure FDA0003692328770000038
Figure FDA0003692328770000041
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003692328770000042
is a per unit value of the grid-connected point voltage of the photovoltaic power station; i is max Rated installed capacity of a photovoltaic power station/rated voltage of a photovoltaic grid-connected point; i is dn D-axis current output when the photovoltaic system normally operates; i is N Is the rated current.
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