CN110174623B - SOC calibration method for battery of energy storage power station - Google Patents
SOC calibration method for battery of energy storage power station Download PDFInfo
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- CN110174623B CN110174623B CN201910496449.4A CN201910496449A CN110174623B CN 110174623 B CN110174623 B CN 110174623B CN 201910496449 A CN201910496449 A CN 201910496449A CN 110174623 B CN110174623 B CN 110174623B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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Abstract
The invention provides an SOC calibration method of an energy storage power station battery, which is characterized in that whether the energy storage power station battery meets a calibration condition is judged; if the energy storage power station battery meets the calibration condition, discharging the energy storage power station battery with a specific multiplying power until unidirectional forbidden discharge is achieved, and setting the SOC value corresponding to the voltage during unidirectional forbidden discharge to be 0; charging the battery of the energy storage power station with a specific multiplying power until unidirectional charging forbidding, and setting the SOC value corresponding to the voltage during unidirectional charging forbidding to be 1; and then, calculating the charging capacity in the process of unidirectional charge forbidding to unidirectional charge forbidding, and taking the charging capacity as the calibrated total capacity value of the battery. No matter what kind of influence among the practical application environment is received to energy storage power station battery, can both obtain the charge-discharge initial condition and the battery total capacity that accord with actual conditions according to above-mentioned process, and then realize improving the rate of accuracy of SOC estimation to the SOC calibration of energy storage power station battery, avoid the problem of the overcharge overdischarge of battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery management, and particularly relates to a method for calibrating the SOC of a battery of an energy storage power station.
Background
The implementation of relevant policies such as peak-valley electricity price and the like enables the energy storage system in the field of electric vehicles and energy storage power stations to be widely applied and deeply researched; in order to prevent overcharge and overdischarge Of a Battery in an energy storage System, ensure the safety Of the Battery, and prolong the service life Of the Battery, a Battery Management System (BMS) is generally adopted in the prior art to estimate a State-Of-Charge (SOC) Of the energy storage Battery. Ideally, the typical charging curve and discharging curve of the battery cell are as shown in fig. 1a and fig. 1b, however, in practical application, due to the influence of the battery operating condition, type, charging and discharging manner, temperature, etc., the SOC corresponding to the corresponding voltage will usually deviate from the ideal state.
At present, the most used method for estimating the SOC value of the energy storage battery is an ampere-hour integral estimation method, but the method has uncertainty and accumulated errors of an initial state value, so that the accuracy of estimating the SOC by adopting the ampere-hour integral method is low, and the problem of overcharge and overdischarge of the battery can be possibly caused by long-time error accumulation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for calibrating SOC of a battery in an energy storage station, which is used to improve accuracy of SOC estimation, so as to avoid the problem of overcharge and overdischarge of the battery.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
the invention discloses a method for calibrating the SOC of a battery of an energy storage power station, which comprises the following steps:
judging whether the battery of the energy storage power station meets the calibration condition or not;
if the energy storage power station battery meets the calibration condition, discharging the energy storage power station battery to unidirectional forbidden discharge at a specific multiplying power, and setting the SOC value corresponding to the voltage during unidirectional forbidden discharge to be 0;
charging the battery of the energy storage power station to a unidirectional forbidden charging state with a specific multiplying power, and setting an SOC value corresponding to the voltage during the unidirectional forbidden charging state to be 1;
and calculating the charging electric quantity in the process of unidirectional charge forbidding and unidirectional charge forbidding, and taking the charging electric quantity as the total capacity value of the battery after calibration.
Optionally, in the SOC calibration method for the energy storage power station battery, the determining whether the energy storage power station battery meets the calibration condition includes:
judging whether the current time is the calibration time point of the energy storage power station battery;
if the current time is the calibration time point of the energy storage power station battery, judging that the energy storage power station battery meets the calibration condition;
and if the current time is not the calibration time point of the energy storage power station battery, judging that the energy storage power station battery does not meet the calibration condition.
Optionally, in the SOC calibration method for the energy storage power station battery, before determining that the energy storage power station battery satisfies the calibration condition, the method further includes:
if the current time is the calibration time point of the energy storage power station battery, calculating parameter errors of the energy storage power station battery in the charging process and the discharging process;
judging whether parameter errors of the energy storage power station battery in the charging process and the discharging process meet error allowance conditions or not;
if the parameter errors of the energy storage power station battery in the charging process and the discharging process do not meet the error allowance condition, judging that the energy storage power station battery meets the calibration condition;
and if the parameter errors of the energy storage power station battery in the charging process and the discharging process meet the error allowance condition, judging that the energy storage power station battery does not meet the calibration condition.
Optionally, in the SOC calibration method for the energy storage power station battery, the calculating a parameter error of the energy storage power station battery in a charging process and a discharging process includes:
dividing the charging process and the discharging process of the energy storage power station battery into areas with preset numbers respectively;
acquiring ideal charge and discharge amount and actual charge and discharge amount in each area, full charge voltage and full charge reference voltage of full charge, and full discharge voltage and full discharge reference voltage of full discharge;
calculating a first error between the ideal charging capacity and the actual charging capacity in each region in the charging process, a second error between the ideal discharging capacity and the actual discharging capacity in each region in the discharging process, a full-charge cell error between a full-charge voltage and a full-charge reference voltage, and a full-discharge cell error between the full-discharge voltage and the full-discharge reference voltage.
Optionally, in the SOC calibration method for the energy storage power station battery, the determining whether a parameter error of the energy storage power station battery during charging and discharging meets an error allowance condition includes:
judging whether the number of the first error, the second error, the full charge monomer error and the full discharge monomer error exceeding the corresponding allowable range is larger than a first threshold value or not;
if the number of the first error, the second error, the full charge single body error and the full discharge single body error exceeding the corresponding allowable range is larger than a first threshold value, judging that the parameter error of the energy storage power station battery in the charging and discharging process does not meet the error allowable condition;
and if the number of the first error, the second error, the full charge single body error and the full discharge single body error exceeding the corresponding allowable range is smaller than or equal to a first threshold value, judging that the parameter error of the energy storage power station battery in the charging and discharging processes meets the error allowable condition.
Optionally, in the SOC calibration method for the energy storage power station battery, after the energy storage power station battery is discharged at the specific rate until unidirectional discharge is prohibited, the method further includes standing for a preset time;
and after the energy storage power station battery is charged to the unidirectional charge forbidding with the specific multiplying power, standing for a preset time.
Optionally, in the method for calibrating the SOC of the energy storage power station battery, the preset time period is greater than or equal to 30 minutes.
Optionally, in the method for calibrating the SOC of the energy storage power station battery, before the discharging the energy storage power station battery at the specific rate to unidirectional forbidden discharge, the method further includes:
judging whether the capacity ratio value of the energy storage power station battery is smaller than or equal to a second threshold value;
if the capacity ratio of the energy storage power station battery is smaller than or equal to a second threshold value, after the non-operation time of the energy storage power station is determined, all the battery packs of the energy storage power station battery are used for executing the subsequent steps;
and if the capacity ratio value of the energy storage power station battery is larger than a second threshold value, after the low running time of the energy storage power station is determined, executing the subsequent steps one by using each battery pack of the energy storage power station battery until all the battery packs of the energy storage power station battery complete SOC calibration.
Optionally, in the SOC calibration method for the energy storage power station battery, if the capacity ratio of the energy storage power station battery is smaller than or equal to a second threshold, the specific magnification is 0.25C; and if the capacity ratio of the energy storage power station battery is larger than a second threshold value, the specific multiplying power is 0.5C.
According to the technical scheme, the SOC calibration method of the energy storage power station battery provided by the invention comprises the steps of firstly judging whether the energy storage power station battery meets the calibration condition; if the energy storage power station battery meets the calibration condition, discharging the energy storage power station battery with a specific multiplying power until unidirectional forbidden discharge is achieved, setting the SOC value corresponding to the voltage during unidirectional forbidden discharge to be 0, and taking the corresponding voltage as the initial charging state after calibration; charging the battery of the energy storage power station to a unidirectional charge forbidding state with a specific multiplying power, setting the SOC value corresponding to the voltage during the unidirectional charge forbidding state to 1, and taking the corresponding voltage as a discharge initial state after calibration; and then, calculating the charging capacity in the process of unidirectional charge forbidding to unidirectional charge forbidding, and taking the charging capacity as the calibrated total capacity value of the battery for SOC estimation to eliminate accumulated errors. No matter what kind of influence among the practical application environment is received to energy storage power station battery, can both obtain the charge-discharge initial condition and the battery total capacity that accord with actual conditions according to above-mentioned process, and then realize improving the rate of accuracy of SOC estimation to the SOC calibration of energy storage power station battery, avoid the problem of the overcharge overdischarge of battery.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1a is a typical charge curve of a battery cell;
FIG. 1b is a typical discharge curve of a battery cell;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a method for calibrating SOC of a battery of an energy storage power station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of determining whether an energy storage station battery meets a calibration condition in the method for calibrating the SOC of an energy storage station battery according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of another method for determining whether the battery of the energy storage power station meets the calibration condition in the method for calibrating the SOC of the battery of the energy storage power station according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of another method for calibrating the SOC of the energy storage power station battery, in which the parameter error of the energy storage power station battery during the charging and discharging processes is calculated;
fig. 6 is a flowchart for determining whether a parameter error of a battery of an energy storage power station in a charging and discharging process meets an error condition in the SOC calibration method for the battery of the energy storage power station according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a preset standing time period in a method for calibrating the SOC of a battery of an energy storage power station according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the calibration operation for determining the energy storage power station battery in the SOC calibration method for the energy storage power station battery provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9a is a first exemplary load curve;
fig. 9b is a second exemplary load curve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In this application, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for calibrating the SOC of a battery of an energy storage power station, which aims to solve the problems that when the SOC value of the battery is estimated through ampere-hour integration in the prior art, the estimation accuracy is low due to uncertainty of an initial value and accumulated errors, and the battery is possibly overcharged and overdischarged due to long-time error accumulation.
Referring to fig. 2, the method for calibrating the SOC of the battery of the energy storage power station includes:
s201, judging whether the energy storage power station battery meets a calibration condition.
It should be noted that the SOC calibration is not required for the battery of the energy storage power station at every moment, but only when the calibration condition is satisfied, the SOC calibration is required for the battery of the energy storage power station, and when the calibration condition is not satisfied, the battery of the energy storage power station is the same as that of the prior art, and is normally controlled by the BMS.
Whether the energy storage power station battery meets the calibration condition is judged to determine what action steps should be executed next by the energy storage power station battery. And if the energy storage power station battery is judged to meet the calibration condition, executing the step S202, and if the energy storage power station battery is judged to not meet the calibration condition, returning to the step S201.
S202, discharging the energy storage power station battery to unidirectional forbidden discharge with a specific multiplying power, and setting the SOC value corresponding to the voltage during unidirectional forbidden discharge to be 0.
And discharging the energy storage power station battery at a specific multiplying power, so that the electric quantity in the energy storage power station battery is released until unidirectional forbidden. The unidirectional discharge is that the battery of the energy storage power station is forbidden to discharge. The conditions for inhibited discharge may be: and when the voltage in the battery of the energy storage power station is detected to be reduced to be equal to the lower voltage limit, the battery of the energy storage power station is forbidden to discharge.
Specifically, the energy storage power station battery is discharged at a specific rate, and when the BMS detects that the voltage in the energy storage power station battery drops to be equal to the voltage lower limit, for example, 5%, protection is triggered, and the energy storage power station battery is forbidden to be discharged in one direction. In practical applications, the lower voltage limit may be set to any value greater than 0 and less than 10%; of course, the lower voltage limit may also be a value in other ranges, which is only an example herein, depending on the application environment, and the values capable of implementing the corresponding functions are all within the protection scope of the present application.
It should be noted that the specific multiplying power may be any value between 0 and 1C, where the larger the value of the specific multiplying power is, the stronger the discharge capacity of the battery of the energy storage power station is. For example, the electric quantity in the battery of the energy storage power station is constant, and the larger the specific multiplying power is, the shorter the time required for discharging the electric quantity in the battery of the energy storage power station to unidirectional forbidden discharge is; the smaller the specific multiplying power is, the longer the time required for discharging the electric quantity in the battery of the energy storage power station to unidirectional prohibition is.
And taking the SOC value 0 corresponding to the voltage during the unidirectional forbidden discharge as the initial charging state after calibration, and taking the SOC value as the initial value during SOC estimation in the charging process after calibration, so that the initial value in the charging process is clear, and the accuracy of SOC estimation in the charging process is improved.
And S203, charging the battery of the energy storage power station to a unidirectional forbidden charging state with a specific multiplying power, and setting the SOC value corresponding to the voltage during the unidirectional forbidden charging state to 1.
And charging the battery of the energy storage power station at a specific multiplying power, and storing the electric quantity in the battery of the energy storage power station until unidirectional charging is forbidden. And the unidirectional charge forbidding means that the electric quantity is forbidden to be stored in the battery of the energy storage power station. The condition that the amount of electricity is prohibited from being stored may be: and when the voltage in the energy storage power station is detected to rise to be equal to the upper voltage limit, the battery of the energy storage power station is forbidden to be charged again.
Specifically, the energy storage power station battery is charged with a constant current at a specific rate, and when the BMS detects that the voltage in the energy storage power station battery rises to be equal to the upper voltage limit, for example, 95%, protection is triggered, and the energy storage power station battery is prohibited from being charged in one direction. In practical applications, the upper voltage limit may be set to any value greater than 90% and less than 100%; of course, the upper voltage limit may also be a value in other ranges, which is only an example here depending on the application environment, and the values capable of realizing the corresponding functions are all within the protection scope of the present application.
The specific multiplying power can be any value between 0 and 1C, and the larger the value of the specific multiplying power is, the stronger the charging capacity of the battery of the energy storage power station is. For example, the capacity of the battery of the energy storage power station is constant, and the larger the specific multiplying power is, the shorter the time required for charging the battery of the energy storage power station to be unidirectionally forbidden to charge the battery is; the smaller the specific multiplying power is, the longer the time required for charging the battery of the energy storage power station to be unidirectionally forbidden to charge is.
Setting the SOC value corresponding to the voltage during unidirectional charging prohibition to 1, further taking the upper limit of the voltage as the initial discharge state after calibration, and taking the SOC value as the initial value during SOC estimation in the discharging process after calibration, so that the initial value in the discharging process is clear, and the accuracy of SOC estimation in the discharging process is improved.
And S204, calculating the charging capacity in the process of unidirectional charge forbidding to unidirectional charge forbidding, and taking the charging capacity as the calibrated total capacity value of the battery.
In practical application, the formula for calculating the charging electric quantity from unidirectional charge forbidding to unidirectional charge forbidding is as follows:
wherein i is a current real-time detection value in the process of unidirectional forbidding to charge; t is t0The starting time from unidirectional release to unidirectional charge inhibition is the time from discharge to triggering BMS protection; t is unidirectional forbidden to unidirectionalAnd the end time of the charging forbidding process is the time from charging to triggering the BMS protection.
The calculated charging capacity C is calculated by the formulanAnd the total capacity of the battery in the corresponding algorithm is used for SOC estimation after the current calibration and before the next calibration.
In practical application, when the BMS estimates the SOC value of the battery of the energy storage power station, the adopted estimation formula is as follows:
wherein, CnThe total capacity of the battery, namely the charging capacity obtained in the calibration process; SOCt t0Is from t0Starting charging and discharging at the moment, and reaching the SOC value at the moment t; initial value SOC during charging0Is 0, initial value SOC during discharging0Is 1; i (t) is a current real-time detection value in the discharging process or the charging process; t is t0Is the starting time of the discharging process or the charging process; t is the end time of the discharging process or the charging process.
The SOC calibration method of the energy storage power station battery provided by the embodiment can obtain the initial charging and discharging state and the total battery capacity which accord with the actual situation according to the process no matter what kind of influence of the energy storage power station battery in the actual application environment, further realizes the SOC calibration of the energy storage power station battery, improves the accuracy of SOC estimation, and avoids the problem of overcharge and overdischarge of the battery.
Optionally, in the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 3, a process of determining whether the energy storage station battery meets the calibration condition in step S201 in fig. 2 shows that determining whether the current time is the calibration time point of the energy storage station battery according to the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:
s301, judging whether the current time is the calibration time point of the energy storage power station battery.
In this embodiment, one implementation manner of determining whether the current time is the calibration time point of the energy storage station battery is as follows: and acquiring the current time and a preset calibration time point, and judging whether any one of the current time and the preset calibration time point is consistent.
If the current time is judged to be consistent with any one of the preset calibration time points, judging that the current time is the calibration time point of the battery of the energy storage power station; and if the current time is judged to be inconsistent with any one of the preset calibration time points, judging that the current time is not the calibration time point of the battery of the energy storage power station.
Another embodiment is: and obtaining the current time, the last calibration time and the calibration period, calculating the time difference value between the current time and the last calibration time, and judging whether the time difference value is equal to the calibration period. And if the time difference is judged to be equal to the calibration period, judging that the current time is the calibration time point of the battery of the energy storage power station, and if the time difference is judged to be smaller than the calibration period, judging that the current time is not the calibration time point of the battery of the energy storage power station. Or timing is carried out after each calibration, and when the timing accumulation reaches the calibration period, the current time is determined to be the calibration time point of the energy storage power station battery.
It should be noted that the calibration time point setting and the calibration period are related to the kind of the battery, and in the case of a lithium iron phosphate battery, a once-a-month calibration is preferable. If the battery has a long service life, the calibration period can be shortened later. Moreover, the calibration period or the calibration time point can be set manually, and the SOC calibration method of the energy storage power station battery can be suitable for various types of batteries according to the specific application environment, and is within the protection range of the application.
It should be further noted that, if the current time is the calibration time point of the energy storage power station battery, it is determined that the energy storage power station battery meets the calibration condition, and step S202 may be executed; if the current time is not the calibration time point of the energy storage power station battery, the energy storage power station battery is judged not to meet the calibration condition, and then the step S201 is returned.
More preferably, on the basis of fig. 3 in the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 4, before determining that the battery of the energy storage power station satisfies the calibration condition, if the current time is the calibration time point of the battery of the energy storage power station, the method further includes the following steps:
s401, parameter errors of the energy storage power station battery in the charging process and the discharging process are calculated.
And calculating the parameter error of the battery of the energy storage power station in the charging process and the parameter error of the battery of the energy storage power station in the discharging process.
The parameter error is an error between the ideal parameter and the actual parameter, and specifically may be a difference between the ideal parameter and the actual parameter, or a ratio of the difference to the actual parameter, and the latter is preferred; however, the practical application is determined by the specific application environment and is within the protection scope of the application.
S402, judging whether parameter errors of the energy storage power station battery in the charging process and the discharging process meet error allowance conditions.
In practical application, the values of the parameter errors in the charging process and the discharging process are obtained, and then whether the values of the parameter errors in the charging process and the discharging process meet the error allowance condition is judged. Wherein, the error allowance condition may be that the value of the parameter error is within a preset range.
It should be noted that, if the parameter error of the energy storage power station battery in the charging process and the discharging process does not satisfy the error allowance condition, it is determined that the energy storage power station battery satisfies the calibration condition, and step S202 may be executed; and if the parameter errors of the energy storage power station battery in the charging process and the discharging process meet the error allowance condition, judging that the energy storage power station battery does not meet the calibration condition, and returning to the step S201.
In this embodiment, since the battery of the energy storage power station is affected by the operation condition, the type, the charging and discharging manner and the environment of the battery, the parameter error of the battery of the energy storage power station needs to be judged, and if the parameter error meets the error allowance condition, it is indicated that the influence of the battery of the energy storage power station in the operation process is within the allowance range, and the battery of the energy storage power station does not need to be calibrated; if the parameter error does not meet the error allowance condition, the estimation deviation of the SOC of the energy storage power station battery is not in an allowable range due to the influence of the energy storage power station battery in the operation process, and the energy storage power station battery needs to be calibrated; and unnecessary calibration is further avoided, so that the management of the battery of the energy storage power station is more convenient.
Optionally, in the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 5, the calculating a parameter error of the energy storage power station battery in the charging process and the discharging process in step S401 in fig. 4 may specifically include the following steps:
s501, dividing the charging process and the discharging process of the energy storage power station battery into areas with preset numbers respectively.
Specifically, the example that the preset number is 5 is described:
referring to the typical charging curve shown in fig. 1a, the 5 regions obtained by dividing the charging process of the energy storage station battery are: a charging starting region is marked as ChgArea _ init, the voltage in the region is quickly increased, and the SOC is increased by less than 2%; a charging inflection point region 1, denoted as ChgArea _ inp1, which is close to the start region and ends at the inflection point of the rapid voltage rise; a charging platform area is marked as ChgArea _ plat, the duration of the area is longer, and SOC from 50% to 60% is recommended to be selected as a measurement period; a charging inflection point region 2, denoted as ChgArea _ inp2, which starts at the inflection point where the voltage rises rapidly, with an SOC increase of 1% or 2%; and a charge ending region, which is marked as ChgArea _ stop.
Referring to the typical discharge curve shown in fig. 1b, the 5 regions obtained by dividing the discharge process of the energy storage power station battery in a similar dividing manner are: a discharge start region, a discharge inflection point region 1, a discharge plateau region, a discharge inflection point region 2, and a discharge end region.
S502, acquiring an ideal charge and discharge amount and an actual charge and discharge amount in each area, a full charge voltage and a full charge reference voltage of full charge, and a full discharge voltage and a full discharge reference voltage of full discharge.
The ideal charge and discharge amount can obtain an ideal SOC value from a typical charge and discharge curve and can also be a charge and discharge amount; the actual charge and discharge amount can be obtained by multiplying the actual measurement result on the ac side of a PCS (Power Conversion System) by the efficiency, or can be obtained by using a measurement device on the dc side of the battery of the energy storage Power station.
The full charge reference voltage is obtained by averaging the full charge voltage, and the full discharge reference voltage is obtained by averaging the full discharge voltage. The cell balancing voltage corresponding to the maximum value of the allowable range of the SOC is determined as a full charge voltage, and the cell balancing voltage corresponding to the minimum value of the allowable range of the SOC is determined as a full discharge voltage; recording the full discharge voltage and the full charge voltage of the energy storage power station battery in a period of initial operation, wherein the period of time can be 30 days; then, the average value of the full discharge voltage in the period of time is used as a full discharge reference voltage, and the average value of the full charge voltage in the period of time is used as a full charge reference voltage.
S503, calculating a first error between the ideal charging capacity and the actual charging capacity in each area in the charging process, a second error between the ideal discharging capacity and the actual discharging capacity in each area in the discharging process, a full-charge cell error between a full-charge voltage and a full-charge reference voltage, and a full-discharge cell error between the full-discharge voltage and the full-discharge reference voltage.
Specifically, for each region in the charging process: obtaining a starting SOC value (or starting chargeable amount) for the region, noted as SOC1 (or ChgCap 1); an end SOC value (or end chargeable amount) for this region is obtained and recorded as SOC2 (or ChgCap 2). And multiplying the actual metering result of the PCS alternating current side by the efficiency, or measuring the actual charging capacity between the beginning and the end of the area by a measuring device on the direct current side of the battery of the energy storage power station, and recording the actual charging capacity as ChgCentral. Then, based on formula one: chgner 1 ═ ABS [ (SOC2-SOC1) × SYS _ CAP-chgrace ]/chgrace, or, based on equation two: calculating a first error by using ChgErr ═ ABS [ (ChgCap1-ChgCap2) -ChgCleal ]/ChgCleal; where SYS _ CAP is the actual capacity of the battery container.
The error values of the areas of ChgArea _ init, ChgArea _ inp1, ChgArea _ plat, ChgArea _ inp2, and ChgArea _ stop during charging are respectively recorded as: ChgErr1, ChgErr2, ChgErr3, ChgErr4, and ChgErr 5.
The second error between the ideal discharging electric quantity and the actual discharging electric quantity in each region in the discharging process is calculated, and the execution process and the principle of calculating the first error between the ideal charging electric quantity and the actual charging electric quantity in each region in the charging process are the same, and are not repeated herein.
Wherein, the error values of each region of DchgArea _ init, DchgArea _ inp1, DchgArea _ plat, DchgArea _ inp2 and DchgArea _ stop during discharging are respectively recorded as: DchgErr1, DchgErr2, DchgErr3, DchgErr4 and DchgErr 5.
And calculating a full charge monomer error based on a formula ChgFullErr ═ ABS (CELL _ VOLT _ MAX-CELL _ MAX _ AVER)/CELL _ MAX _ AVE according to the obtained full charge voltage and full charge reference voltage, wherein ChgFullErr is the full charge monomer error, CELL _ VOLT _ MAX is the full charge voltage, corresponds to an upper limit of an SOC allowable range, and CELL _ MAX _ AVER is the full charge reference voltage.
And calculating a full discharge single error based on a formula DchgEmptyErr ═ ABS (CELL _ VOLT _ MIN-CELL _ MIN _ AVER)/CELL _ MIN _ AVER according to the obtained full discharge voltage and the full discharge reference voltage, wherein DchgEmptyErr is the full discharge single error, CELL _ VOLT _ MIN is the full discharge voltage and corresponds to the lower limit of the SOC allowable range, and CELL _ MIN _ AVER is the full discharge reference voltage.
The embodiment can digitize the state of the battery of the energy storage power station, so that the state of the battery of the energy storage power station is clear at a glance. In practical application, parameter errors of the energy storage power station battery in the charging process and the discharging process are calculated, the method is not limited to the mode, other errors capable of representing the state of the energy storage power station battery can be obtained through different number of region division forms and different data acquisition and calculation forms, and the method is within the protection range of the application according to specific application environments.
Corresponding to the method shown in fig. 5, step S402, determining whether the parameter error of the energy storage power station battery during the charging and discharging process meets the error allowance condition, referring to fig. 6, specifically includes the following steps:
s601, judging whether the number of the first error, the second error, the full charge monomer error and the full discharge monomer error exceeding the corresponding allowable range is larger than a first threshold value.
In practical application, whether the first error, the second error, the full charge monomer error and the full discharge monomer error exceed the corresponding allowable ranges needs to be judged according to specific numerical values of the first error, the second error, the full charge monomer error and the full discharge monomer error, and then whether the number exceeding the corresponding allowable ranges is larger than a first threshold is judged. Wherein the first threshold may be, but is not limited to, 3.
In this embodiment, the first error, the second error, the full charge cell error and the full discharge cell error are the same as the corresponding error values in fig. 5 of the above embodiment, where the first error value includes: chgner 1, chgner 2, chgner 3, chgner 4, and chgner 5; the second error value includes: DchgErr1, DchgErr2, DchgErr3, DchgErr4 and DchgErr 5; full monomer errors include: ChgFullErr; full monomer errors include: DchgEmptyErr.
The allowable range corresponding to each error value is different, and the allowable range of each error value is provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 allowable range of error values
| Serial number | Error value name | Numerical value | |
| 1 | ChgErr1 | ≤8％ | |
| 2 | ChgErr2 | ≤8％ | |
| 3 | ChgErr3 | ≤10％ | |
| 4 | ChgErr4 | ≤8％ | |
| 5 | ChgErr5 | ≤8％ | |
| 6 | DchgErr1 | ≤8％ | |
| 7 | DchgErr2 | ≤8％ | |
| 8 | DchgErr3 | ≤10％ | |
| 9 | DchgErr4 | ≤8％ | |
| 10 | DchgErr5 | ≤8％ | |
| 11 | DchgEmptyErr | ≤8％ | |
| 12 | DchgEmptyErr | ≤8％ |
Based on the table 1, judging whether each error value exceeds the corresponding allowable range, and after finishing the judgment of all the error values, judging whether the number of the error values exceeding the allowable range is more than 3; if the number exceeding the allowable range is greater than 3, that is, the number of the first error, the second error, the full charge single body error and the full discharge single body error exceeding the corresponding allowable range is greater than a first threshold, it is determined that the parameter error of the energy storage power station battery in the charging and discharging process does not meet the error allowable condition, that is, the energy storage power station battery meets the calibration condition, and step S202 needs to be executed; if the number of the errors exceeding the allowable range is less than or equal to 3, that is, the number of the first error, the second error, the full charge single body error and the full discharge single body error exceeding the corresponding allowable range is less than or equal to a first threshold, it is determined that the parameter error of the energy storage power station battery in the charging and discharging process meets the error allowable condition, that is, the energy storage power station battery does not meet the calibration condition, and the step S201 is returned.
In practical applications, the value of the first threshold may depend on the specific application environment, and is not limited to 3, and the allowable range shown in table 1 is also only an example; the parameter error of the battery of the energy storage power station can be adjusted according to actual conditions, for example, only one or more of the first error, the second error, the full charge monomer error and the full discharge monomer error are compared and judged, but not all of the errors are compared and judged, and then the parameter error judgment result of the battery of the energy storage power station is used as the parameter error judgment result of the battery of the energy storage power station, and the parameter error judgment method also belongs to the protection range of the application.
Optionally, on the basis of fig. 2 to 6 in the above embodiment of the present invention, in another embodiment of the present application, after the step S202, discharging the energy storage power station battery at a specific rate to a unidirectional disabling state, referring to fig. 7 (shown by way of example on the basis of fig. 2), the method further includes: s211, standing for a preset time.
And in the standing process, the battery of the energy storage power station is not charged or discharged.
At the moment, after each monomer of the energy storage power station battery reaches voltage balance through polarization by keeping standing for a preset time, namely after the state is stable, subsequent steps are carried out, and therefore calibration errors caused by unstable states of the energy storage power station battery are avoided.
Similarly, in step S203, after the energy storage station battery is charged to the unidirectional charging prohibition with the specific rate, the method further includes: s212, standing for a preset time.
The preset time period for the standing may provide a starting mechanism for step S204, that is, step S204 may be started after step S212 is completed.
In practical application, preferably, the preset standing time is greater than or equal to 30 minutes, and other time lengths can be selected according to the practical application environment, and the scheme capable of realizing the above functions is within the protection scope of the application.
Optionally, on the basis of fig. 2 to 7 in the above embodiments of the present invention, in another embodiment of the present application, before discharging the energy storage power station battery to a unidirectional forbidden state at a specific rate, please refer to fig. 8 (which is shown by way of example on the basis of fig. 7), the method further includes the following steps:
s801, judging whether the capacity ratio value of the energy storage power station battery is smaller than or equal to a second threshold value.
It should be noted that the capacity-to-volume ratio of the energy storage power station battery is determined by the operation scenario and the load curve of the energy storage power station battery. The energy storage power station battery can be applied to various scenes, such as peak-valley arbitrage, demand management, peak-load modulation and frequency modulation, power backup and the like, in different application scenes, the capacity ratio value of the energy storage power station battery is different, the capacity ratio value is higher in the application scenes of the peak-valley arbitrage and the peak-load modulation, and the capacity ratio value is lower in the application scenes of the demand management and the power backup.
For different application scenes of the energy storage power station battery, the battery capacity-distribution ratio of the energy storage power station battery can be determined according to the power load curve characteristics. Because the electrical loads of different industries are different, the load curves are also different, and for convenience of explanation, in this embodiment, the capacity ratio of the battery of the energy storage power station for demand management of two typical electrical load curves is described:
referring to fig. 9a, a first typical load curve is shown, which is a domestic power load curve and is the most common power load curve. The load curve has large electricity consumption at 9: 00-12: 00 and 14: 00-16: 00, electricity consumption peak is in the two periods, and fluctuation in the two periods is stable.
The battery capacity of the energy storage power station required by the load curve is small in matching value, for example, the battery capacity of the energy storage power station with the capacity-matching ratio of 0.5MW/1MWh is enough. When the demand management is carried out on the loads, the maximum power reduction of the loads and the economical efficiency of the battery capacity need to be considered, the battery capacity allocation value is generally small, the demand management can be carried out on the loads with particularly large fluctuation in a day, and the battery can be charged in a non-working period.
Referring to fig. 9b, a second classical load curve is shown, which is a production industry electrical load curve; as can be seen from fig. 9b, the production industry is a discontinuous production industry, which has no fixed electricity usage periods, large load fluctuations, large load spikes, and no fixed load valleys. Due to the characteristic of the second load curve, the capacity ratio of the energy storage power station battery required by the load curve is large, and the capacity ratio can be determined according to RACK values of different battery manufacturers and battery container specifications, so that the large peak of the load curve can be rapidly reduced, and the long-time power supply requirement of the battery can be met, for example, the capacity ratio of the energy storage power station battery can be 3MW/6MWh, and specifically, 6 battery containers with the capacity ratio of 0.5MW/1MWh can be combined into a 3MW/6MWh energy storage power station battery.
After the capacity ratio value of the battery of the energy storage power station is obtained, whether the capacity ratio value of the energy storage power station is larger than or equal to a second threshold value or not can be judged. Wherein the second threshold may be 0.5MW/1 MWh.
It should be noted that, if the capacity ratio of the energy storage power station battery is less than or equal to the second threshold, step S802 is executed, and if the capacity ratio of the energy storage power station battery is greater than the second threshold, step S803 is executed.
And S802, after the non-operation time of the energy storage power station is determined, all the battery packs of the batteries of the energy storage power station are used for executing the subsequent steps.
Since the capacity ratio of the energy storage power station battery is less than or equal to the second threshold, it is described that the load curve of the energy storage power station battery is similar to the first typical load curve of fig. 9a, and therefore, under such load curves, there is a fixed load valley, and the non-operation time of the energy storage power station is determined based on the load valley. For example, the non-operating time of the first classical load curve includes: the energy storage power station is used for peak-valley arbitrage, and the energy storage power station is in a standby or battery charging state in the early morning.
It should be noted that, since the subsequent steps performed by all the battery packs of the battery of the energy storage power station include discharging to unidirectional prohibition, the subsequent steps are performed during the non-operation time of the energy storage power station, so that the normal operation of the energy storage power station can be ensured, and the error value caused by the calibration while supplying power to the battery of the energy storage power station is avoided.
And S803, after the low running time of the energy storage power station is determined, executing the subsequent steps one by using each battery pack of the energy storage power station battery until all the battery packs of the energy storage power station battery complete SOC calibration.
Because the capacity ratio of the energy storage power station battery is greater than the second threshold, it is described that the load curve of the energy storage power station battery is similar to the second typical load curve of fig. 9b, and therefore, under such load curves, there is no fixed load valley, and therefore, the non-operation time of the energy storage power station battery cannot be determined based on the load valley. However, the load curve can be segmented according to power, that is, in a period of large peak, the demand management of the battery of the energy storage power station is operated at full power; when the waveform fluctuation is relatively flat, the demand management of the energy storage power station battery is low-power operation; this low power operation period is called a low operation period of the energy storage power plant.
It should be noted that, because each battery pack of the energy storage power station battery, that is, each battery container, executes the subsequent steps one by one, including unidirectional forbidden discharge, the subsequent steps are performed at the low operation time of the energy storage power station, so that the normal operation of the energy storage power station can be ensured, and the error value caused by the calibration of the energy storage power station battery while supplying power is reduced as much as possible. Meanwhile, because the large peaks of the load curves corresponding to the batteries of the energy storage power station are more, the battery packs are required to perform subsequent steps of discharging, charging and the like one by one, namely, each battery pack is calibrated in turn, but not all the energy storage batteries are calibrated at the same time, so that in the process of performing the subsequent steps, if the energy storage power station needs high-power operation, such as ultra-large load starting in a demand management mode and power failure in a plant area in a standby power mode, only one battery pack is in a battery calibration state, and other battery packs can still normally operate, so that the failure of the working mode of the energy storage power station is avoided.
BMS among the practical application can accomplish the control of charging and discharging to electric core, module, electronic box, electric cabinet level, nevertheless if involving whole energy storage power station, BMS's control level still electric core or module, and work load is huge undoubtedly, consequently, when this embodiment is calibrated energy storage power station battery SOC, preferably with unit battery container, the group battery promptly, for a whole to the battery control of charging and discharging.
According to the embodiment, different calibration processes are executed according to different application scenes of the energy storage power station, so that the applicability of the method is improved; meanwhile, the influence on the economic benefit of the energy storage power station due to the coupling of the energy storage working mode and the SOC calibration of the battery pack is avoided.
Optionally, in another embodiment of the present invention, if the capacity ratio of the energy storage power station battery is less than or equal to the second threshold, the specific rate of charge and discharge is set to 0.25C; and if the capacity ratio of the battery of the energy storage power station is larger than the second threshold value, setting the specific multiplying power of the charging and discharging of the battery to be 0.5C.
When the capacity ratio of the battery of the energy storage power station is smaller than or equal to a second threshold value, the battery of the energy storage power station discharges with a constant current of 0.25C in the non-operation time period of the energy storage power station until BMS triggers protection, and the battery of the energy storage power station is forbidden in one direction. And the battery of the energy storage power station is charged at a constant current of 0.25C until the BMS triggers protection, and the battery of the energy storage power station is forbidden to be charged in one direction. In the process of actual operation, after the unidirectional charge prohibition of the battery of the energy storage power station, the battery of the energy storage power station can be left standing for 30 minutes, and after the unidirectional charge prohibition of the battery of the energy storage power station, the battery of the energy storage power station can be left standing for 30 minutes.
When the capacity ratio value of the battery of the energy storage power station is larger than the second threshold value, the battery pack which is currently calibrated in the battery of the energy storage power station is controlled at the low running time of the battery of the energy storage power station, the battery pack is discharged at the constant current of 0.5C firstly until the BMS triggers protection, the battery pack is forbidden to be discharged in one direction, then the battery pack is charged at the constant current of 0.5C until the BMS triggers protection, and the battery of the energy storage power station is forbidden to be charged in one direction. In the actual operation process, preferably, after the unidirectional charge prohibition of the battery pack, the battery pack is not charged and is not placed and stands for 30 minutes, and after the unidirectional charge prohibition of the battery pack, the battery pack is not charged and is not placed and stands for 30 minutes. The SOC calibration for the battery pack is then achieved by calculation. Judging whether the calibration of all battery packs in the batteries of the energy storage power station is finished or not, and if so, finishing the calibration; and if the calibration of all the battery packs in the energy storage power station battery is judged to be unfinished, executing the steps on the next battery pack which is not calibrated in the energy storage power station battery.
It should be noted that, in the discharging stage of the battery pack in step S803, a mode of transferring electric quantity among the battery packs may be considered, so that the battery pack can realize rapid discharging and rapid charging of other battery packs, so as to prepare for a sudden high-power operation condition of the energy storage power station, and can also directly absorb a load.
According to the embodiment, the charging and discharging current of the battery is adjusted through setting a specific multiplying power according to the capacity-matching ratio; specifically, during the non-operation time of the energy storage power station when the capacity ratio of the battery of the energy storage power station is less than or equal to the second threshold, the battery is charged and discharged at low current, so that the SOC calibration precision is higher; and in the low running time of the energy storage power station when the capacity ratio of the battery of the energy storage power station is greater than the second threshold value, each battery pack is respectively charged and discharged by large current, so that the SOC calibration time of each battery pack can be shortened, and the influence on the running of the energy storage power station is reduced as much as possible while the SOC calibration accuracy is improved.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, the system or system embodiments are substantially similar to the method embodiments and therefore are described in a relatively simple manner, and reference may be made to some of the descriptions of the method embodiments for related points. The above-described system and system embodiments are only illustrative, wherein the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative elements and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both, and that the various illustrative components and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality in order to clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the implementation. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for calibrating the SOC of a battery of an energy storage power station is characterized by comprising the following steps:
judging whether the battery of the energy storage power station meets the calibration condition or not; the calibration conditions include: the current time is the calibration time point of the energy storage power station battery, and after the charging process and the discharging process of the energy storage power station battery are divided into areas with preset numbers respectively, the parameter error of each area does not meet the error allowance condition;
if the energy storage power station battery meets the calibration condition, discharging the energy storage power station battery to unidirectional forbidden discharge at a specific multiplying power, and setting the SOC value corresponding to the voltage during unidirectional forbidden discharge to be 0;
charging the battery of the energy storage power station to a unidirectional forbidden charging state with a specific multiplying power, and setting an SOC value corresponding to the voltage during the unidirectional forbidden charging state to be 1;
and calculating the charging electric quantity in the process of unidirectional charge forbidding and unidirectional charge forbidding, and taking the charging electric quantity as the total capacity value of the battery after calibration.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to determining that the energy storage power station battery meets the calibration condition:
if the current time is the calibration time point of the energy storage power station battery, calculating parameter errors of the energy storage power station battery in the charging process and the discharging process;
judging whether parameter errors of the energy storage power station battery in the charging process and the discharging process meet error allowance conditions or not;
if the parameter errors of the energy storage power station battery in the charging process and the discharging process do not meet the error allowance condition, judging that the energy storage power station battery meets the calibration condition;
and if the parameter errors of the energy storage power station battery in the charging process and the discharging process meet the error allowance condition, judging that the energy storage power station battery does not meet the calibration condition.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein calculating the parameter error of the energy storage plant battery during the charging and discharging comprises:
dividing the charging process and the discharging process of the energy storage power station battery into areas with preset numbers respectively;
acquiring ideal charge and discharge amount and actual charge and discharge amount in each area, full charge voltage and full charge reference voltage of full charge, and full discharge voltage and full discharge reference voltage of full discharge;
calculating a first error between the ideal charging capacity and the actual charging capacity in each region in the charging process, a second error between the ideal discharging capacity and the actual discharging capacity in each region in the discharging process, a full-charge cell error between a full-charge voltage and a full-charge reference voltage, and a full-discharge cell error between the full-discharge voltage and the full-discharge reference voltage.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the determining whether the parameter error of the energy storage power station battery during the charging and discharging process meets an error allowance condition comprises:
judging whether the number of the first error, the second error, the full charge monomer error and the full discharge monomer error exceeding the corresponding allowable range is larger than a first threshold value or not;
if the number of the first error, the second error, the full charge single body error and the full discharge single body error exceeding the corresponding allowable range is larger than a first threshold value, judging that the parameter error of the energy storage power station battery in the charging and discharging process does not meet the error allowable condition;
and if the number of the first error, the second error, the full charge single body error and the full discharge single body error exceeding the corresponding allowable range is smaller than or equal to a first threshold value, judging that the parameter error of the energy storage power station battery in the charging and discharging processes meets the error allowable condition.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the discharging of the energy storage power station battery at the specific rate to unidirectional forbidden discharge, the method further comprises standing for a preset time;
and after the energy storage power station battery is charged to the unidirectional charge forbidding with the specific multiplying power, standing for a preset time.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the preset time period is greater than or equal to 30 minutes.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, further comprising, before said discharging said energy storage power station battery at a specific rate to unidirectional discharge inhibition:
judging whether the capacity ratio value of the energy storage power station battery is smaller than or equal to a second threshold value;
if the capacity ratio of the energy storage power station battery is smaller than or equal to a second threshold value, after the non-operation time of the energy storage power station is determined, all the battery packs of the energy storage power station battery are used for executing the subsequent steps;
and if the capacity ratio value of the energy storage power station battery is larger than a second threshold value, after the low running time of the energy storage power station is determined, executing the subsequent steps one by using each battery pack of the energy storage power station battery until all the battery packs of the energy storage power station battery complete SOC calibration.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein if the capacity ratio of the energy storage power station battery is less than or equal to a second threshold value, the specific multiplying power is 0.25C; and if the capacity ratio of the energy storage power station battery is larger than a second threshold value, the specific multiplying power is 0.5C.
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| 电动汽车电池管理系统的设计与开发;孙周;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅱ辑》;20120515;全文 * |
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