CN110172538B - Efficient red mud resource utilization system and process - Google Patents
Efficient red mud resource utilization system and process Download PDFInfo
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- CN110172538B CN110172538B CN201910564184.7A CN201910564184A CN110172538B CN 110172538 B CN110172538 B CN 110172538B CN 201910564184 A CN201910564184 A CN 201910564184A CN 110172538 B CN110172538 B CN 110172538B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F7/00—Compounds of aluminium
- C01F7/02—Aluminium oxide; Aluminium hydroxide; Aluminates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
- C04B7/14—Cements containing slag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/2406—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating pelletizing
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0015—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes
- C22B21/0023—Obtaining aluminium by wet processes from waste materials
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a red mud high-efficiency resource utilization system and a red mud high-efficiency resource utilization process. The system is sequentially provided with the following steps: the device comprises a washing tank, a first filter press, a dryer, a first crusher, a screening machine, a stirrer, a forming machine, an induction furnace, a second crusher, a magnetic separator, a reaction kettle, a second filter press, a sedimentation tank and a roasting furnace; the system can convert the raw materials such as red mud, coal powder and waste aluminum scraps into saleable products such as reduced iron, cement raw materials and alumina, realizes the efficient treatment of the red mud, furthest dries and squeezes the red mud, and has better economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a red mud treatment system and a process, in particular to a red mud high-efficiency resource utilization system, and also relates to a process for resource treatment of red mud by using the system, belonging to the field of metallurgy and environmental protection.
Background
Red mud is a polluting waste residue discharged when alumina is extracted from bauxite in the aluminum production industry. In general, 1 to 2 tons of red mud is additionally produced every 1 ton of alumina is produced on average. The red mud discharge amount of China reaches thousands of tons every year, but the red mud is difficult to be fully utilized all the time due to the restriction of various factors.
At present, red mud is mostly treated by adopting a yard stacking or dam building wet stacking mode. However, this tends to allow large amounts of alkaline materials to penetrate into the soil, causing the soil to become alkaline and contaminating groundwater supplies. In addition, there is also a method of drying and dehydrating red mud and then stacking the same by a dry method. With the development of the aluminum processing industry and the annual reduction of the bauxite taste, the discharge amount of the red mud is higher and higher, and the red mud treatment pressure of human beings is higher and higher. Therefore, the red mud is reasonably treated and utilized, and the method not only accords with the green development concept that the green water mountain is the Jinshan Yinshan, but also accords with the requirements of sustainable development of human society and resource sustainable development.
To alleviate the increasing pressure of red mud treatment, those skilled in the art have made extensive investigations. For example, chinese patents (CN201110225589 and CN 2012101210164515) propose a method for preparing iron oxide by acidifying an iron-containing material with an inorganic acid, etc., adding an alkali to neutralize the iron-containing material, preparing an iron hydroxide precipitate, and roasting the iron hydroxide precipitate, but the method uses a large amount of chemical reagents, easily causes equipment corrosion, has complicated procedures and poor operability, and is not beneficial to environmental protection; chinese patent (CN 201510471394.3) discloses a method for comprehensively utilizing sulfuric acid residues and red mud, wherein sulfuric acid residues, red mud and a reducing agent are mixed, then roasted and separated to obtain iron powder, but tailings of the method are not fully utilized, so that resource waste exists to a certain extent; chinese patent (CN201710291417) discloses a comprehensive utilization method of alumina red mud, which takes carbon or aluminum as a reducing agent, reduces iron oxide into metallic iron under the vacuum condition, reduces sodium oxide into metallic sodium and is distilled out, and simultaneously reduces other valuable substances into a metallic state and forms an alloy with aluminum, the method can realize red mud harmless treatment and valuable element recycling, no waste gas, waste water, waste residue and the like are discharged, but the process is longer, and simultaneously the working procedures of vacuum reduction, distillation and the like have high requirements on equipment and higher production cost; chinese patent (201710126298.4) discloses a method for comprehensively utilizing red mud, which comprises the steps of mixing and stirring red mud and a calcareous dealkalizing agent to prepare red mud-calcareous dealkalizing agent mixed slurry, then carrying out countercurrent contact on the red mud-calcareous dealkalizing agent mixed slurry and sulfur-containing flue gas in a tower to absorb sulfur dioxide, discharging the sulfur-containing flue gas from the top of the tower, discharging the red mud mixed slurry from the bottom of the tower, and continuously treating the red mud mixed slurry to prepare ordinary portland cement, wherein the method can fully utilize industrial waste residues, flue gas high-efficiency desulfurization and red mud high-efficiency dealkalization, but is only suitable for specific occasions (namely a large amount of easily obtained sulfur-containing gas is needed), and is not; chinese patent (CN201811246887) discloses a red mud magnetizing roasting comprehensive utilization process, which comprises the steps of mixing, drying, reducing roasting, magnetic separation, tailing filter pressing and the like, and finally iron ore powder and building materials can be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the red mud treatment process in the prior art, the first purpose of the invention is to provide a red mud high-efficiency resource utilization system, which can convert the raw materials such as red mud, coal powder and waste aluminum scraps into saleable products such as reduced iron, cement raw materials and alumina, realize the high-efficiency treatment of the red mud, furthest dry and squeeze the red mud, and has better economic and social benefits.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a process for recovering saleable products such as reduced iron, iron oxide, cement raw materials and the like by treating the red mud, the waste aluminum scraps and the like through high-temperature reduction, magnetic separation and the like, thereby really realizing comprehensive resource utilization of the red mud.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention provides a red mud high-efficiency resource utilization system which is sequentially provided with the following steps: the device comprises a washing tank, a first filter press, a dryer, a first crusher, a screening machine, a stirrer, a pellet forming machine, an electric induction furnace, a second crusher, a magnetic separator, a reaction kettle, a second filter press, a sedimentation tank and a roasting furnace.
Preferably, the first filter press and the second filter press are chamber filter presses.
In a preferred scheme, the pellet forming machine is a double-roller high-pressure ball press machine or a disc pelletizer.
Preferably, the induction furnace is provided with an inert gas inlet.
In the preferable scheme, the magnetic field intensity inside the magnetic separator is set to be 120-160 kA/m.
The efficient resource utilization system for the red mud is sequentially provided with the following steps: the device comprises a washing tank, a first filter press, a dryer, a first crusher, a screening machine, a stirrer, a pellet forming machine, an electric induction furnace, a second crusher, a magnetic separator, a reaction kettle, a second filter press, a sedimentation tank and a roasting furnace. The washing tank is used for washing the red mud raw material so as to obtain the washed red mud. The first filter press is provided with a washing red mud inlet and a filter-pressing red mud outlet and is used for filter-pressing washing red mud to reduce the water content so as to obtain filter-pressing red mud, and a first conveying device is arranged between the first filter press and the washing tank. The dryer is provided with a filter-pressing red mud inlet and a drying red mud outlet and is used for drying filter-pressing red mud so as to obtain dried red mud, and a second conveying device is arranged between the dryer and the first filter press. The first crusher is provided with a dried red mud inlet and a crushed red mud outlet and is used for crushing the dried red mud to obtain crushed red mud, and a third conveying device is arranged between the first crusher and the dryer. The screening machine is provided with a broken red mud inlet and a red mud particle outlet and is used for screening broken red mud so as to obtain red mud particles with proper particle size, and fourth conveying equipment is arranged between the screening machine and the first crusher. The mixer is provided with a red mud particle inlet, a coal powder inlet, an aluminum scrap inlet and a mixture outlet and is used for mixing the red mud particles, the coal powder and the aluminum scrap to obtain a mixture, and a fifth conveying device is arranged between the mixer and the screening machine. The pellet forming machine is provided with a mixture inlet and a mixed pellet outlet and is used for forming and pelletizing the mixture so as to obtain mixed pellets, and a sixth conveying device is arranged between the forming machine and the stirring machine. The induction furnace is used for carrying out high-temperature reduction on the mixed pellets so as to obtain a reaction mixture, and a seventh conveying device is arranged between the induction furnace and the forming machine. The second crusher is provided with a reaction mixture inlet and a reaction mixture crushed material outlet and is used for crushing the reaction mixture so as to obtain a reaction mixture crushed material, and an eighth conveying device is arranged between the second crusher and the electric induction furnace. The magnetic separator is provided with a reaction mixture crushed material inlet, a reduced iron outlet and a magnetic separation residue outlet, and is used for carrying out magnetic separation on the reaction mixture crushed material so as to obtain reduced iron and magnetic separation residue, and a ninth conveying device is arranged between the magnetic separator and the second crusher. The reaction kettle is used for carrying out acid leaching on the reaction magnetic separation residues so as to obtain an acid leaching mixture, and a tenth conveying device is arranged between the reaction kettle and the magnetic separator. The second filter press is provided with an acid leaching mixture inlet, an acid leaching liquid outlet and a solid-phase slag outlet and is used for carrying out filter pressing on the acid leaching mixture so as to obtain acid leaching liquid and solid-phase slag, and eleventh conveying equipment is arranged between the second filter press and the reaction kettle. The sedimentation tank is used for settling the pickle liquor so as to obtain a precipitate, and a twelfth conveying device is arranged between the sedimentation tank and the second filter press. The roasting furnace is provided with a precipitate inlet and a roasted product outlet and is used for roasting the precipitate so as to obtain a roasted product, and thirteenth conveying equipment is arranged between the roasting furnace and the sedimentation tank.
The invention also provides a red mud high-efficiency resource utilization process, which adopts the system to treat red mud and comprises the following working procedures:
1) adding the red mud into a washing tank for washing, conveying the red mud to a first filter press for filter pressing and filter pressing, conveying a filter cake to a dryer for drying, conveying the dried filter cake to a first crusher for crushing, conveying the crushed filter cake to a screening machine for screening to obtain red mud particles;
2) conveying the red mud particles into a stirrer, adding coal powder and waste aluminum scraps into the stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
3) conveying the mixture to a pellet forming machine for pressing into pellets;
4) conveying the pellets into an induction electric furnace, and carrying out high-temperature reduction treatment under the protection of inert gas to obtain a reaction mixture;
5) conveying the reaction mixture to a second crusher for crushing treatment to obtain a crushed material; conveying the crushed materials to a magnetic separator for magnetic separation to obtain reduced iron and magnetic separation residues;
6) conveying the magnetic separation residues to a reaction kettle, and adding acid liquor to carry out acid leaching to obtain an acid leaching mixture;
7) conveying the acid leaching mixture to a second filter press for filter pressing treatment to obtain acid leaching solution and solid-phase slag, wherein the solid-phase slag is used as a raw material for producing cement;
8) conveying the pickle liquor to a sedimentation tank, adding alkali liquor for sedimentation to obtain sediment;
9) and conveying the precipitate to a roasting furnace for high-temperature roasting treatment to obtain the aluminum oxide.
In a preferred scheme, the particle size of the red mud particles is 5-10 mm.
In the preferred scheme, the mass ratio of the red mud particles to the coal powder and the waste aluminum scraps is (40-50): (4-8): (5-10). The coal powder and the waste aluminum scraps are mainly used as reducing agents to efficiently reduce iron oxides in the red mud into metal simple substances. Particularly, the waste aluminum scraps are industrial wastes, when the waste aluminum scraps are used for treating the red mud, not only can the iron reduction effect be realized, but also the aluminothermic reaction can be fully utilized to reduce the sintering temperature, the purpose of reducing the energy consumption is achieved, meanwhile, the recycling of the waste aluminum scraps is realized, and the waste aluminum scraps can be converted into aluminum oxide for recycling. The coal powder can not only reduce iron oxide, but also ensure that the atmosphere is a reducing atmosphere and ensure the stability of a reducing product.
In the preferable scheme, the temperature of the thermal reduction is 1000-1100 ℃, and the time is 20-30 min.
In a preferred embodiment, the acid leaching conditions are as follows: hydrochloric acid with the mass percentage concentration of 10-15% is used as a leaching agent, the liquid-solid ratio is (4-5) mL:1g, the leaching temperature is 60-90 ℃, and the leaching time is 25-45 min.
In the preferable scheme, the high-temperature roasting temperature is 1100-1250 ℃, and the roasting time is 10-20 min.
Preferably, the protective atmosphere is an inert atmosphere or nitrogen, or a combination of an inert atmosphere and nitrogen.
In a preferable scheme, the precipitate is prepared by taking a sodium hydroxide solution or a potassium hydroxide solution with the concentration of 15-25% as a neutralizing reagent.
In the preferred scheme, the filter cake obtained by filter pressing of the red mud is dried at the temperature of 80-100 ℃.
In the preferable scheme, the forming pressure of the pellet forming machine in the pelletizing process is 8-12 MPa.
When the system is adopted to treat red mud, red mud raw materials are sequentially washed by a washing tank, transferred by first conveying equipment, filter-pressed by a first filter press, transferred by second conveying equipment, dried by a dryer, transferred by third conveying equipment, crushed by a first crusher, transferred by fourth conveying equipment and sieved by a screening machine to obtain red mud particles with proper granularity; the red mud particles are transferred by fifth conveying equipment, mixed with coal powder and waste aluminum scraps in a stirrer according to a certain proportion and stirred, and then transferred to a pellet forming machine by sixth conveying equipment for pelletizing to obtain mixed pellets; the mixed pellets are conveyed into an induction electric furnace through seventh conveying equipment and are subjected to high-temperature reduction under the protection of inert gas, so that a reaction mixture is obtained; transferring the reaction mixture to a second crusher through eighth conveying equipment for crushing to obtain a crushed material of the reaction mixture; transferring the crushed reaction mixture material to a magnetic separator for magnetic separation by ninth conveying equipment to obtain reduced iron and magnetic separation residues, wherein the reduced iron is used as an iron-making raw material; transferring the magnetic separation residues to a reaction kettle through tenth conveying equipment, and adding acid liquor to carry out acid leaching to obtain an acid leaching mixture; transferring the acid leaching mixture to a second filter press through eleventh conveying equipment for filter pressing to obtain acid leaching solution and solid-phase slag, wherein the solid-phase slag can be used as a raw material for producing cement; and transferring the pickle liquor to a sedimentation tank through twelfth conveying equipment, adding alkali liquor to precipitate to obtain a precipitate, and transferring the precipitate to a roasting furnace through thirteenth conveying equipment to roast to obtain aluminum oxide.
The conveying equipment is a pipeline pumping machine or a belt conveyor or a spiral conveyor or a bucket elevator.
In the red mud high-efficiency resource utilization process, the red mud particles, the coal powder and the aluminum scraps are firstly reduced at high temperature, and the main component of the red mud is Fe2O3、Al2O3CaO and SiO2And in the high-temperature reduction process, certain metal oxides in the red mud can be reduced into simple metal substances by the coal dust and the waste aluminum scraps, such as 2Al + Fe2O3＝Al2O3+2Fe and 3C +2Fe2O3＝3CO2+4Fe, etc. Magnetically separating the reaction mixture obtained by high-temperature reduction, magnetically separating the elementary iron, and then, mainly remaining Al in the magnetically separated residues2O3CaO and SiO2And the like. The acid leaching treatment of the magnetic separation residue can convert alumina in the magnetic separation residue into soluble metal chloride (such as Al)2O3+6HCl＝2AlCl3+3H2O), and the substance which does not react with hydrochloric acid is converted into solid-phase slag, the main component of which is SiO2Can be used as raw materials for producing cement; the acid leaching solution obtained after acid leaching treatment contains metal chloride (such as AlCl) as main component3) The aluminum, which is the predominant component of the pickle liquor, is converted to precipitate by neutralization and precipitation (Al (OH)3) The precipitate can be decomposed and converted into alumina (2Al (OH) by high-temperature calcination3＝Al2O3+3H2O) which can be used as electrolytic aluminum raw material.
In addition, in the technical scheme of the invention, the technical scheme can be realized by adopting the conventional means in the field unless particularly described.
Compared with the prior art, the efficient resource utilization process for the red mud has the following characteristics:
1) the raw materials for treating the red mud by the red mud high-efficiency resource utilization system mainly comprise the red mud, the coal powder and the aluminum scrap, and the final products of the reduced iron, the cement raw materials and the alumina can furthest dry and squeeze the red mud, so that the economic benefit is better; meanwhile, the production process almost has no waste residue and waste gas emission, and is environment-friendly.
2) The efficient resource utilization process of the red mud mainly takes the red mud waste and cheap waste aluminum scraps as raw materials to obtain products such as reduced iron, alumina, cement raw materials and the like with high added values, has high resource utilization rate, furthest dries and squeezes the red mud, and really realizes the comprehensive utilization of the red mud.
3) The efficient resource utilization process for the red mud does not produce waste residues and waste gases, does not produce secondary pollution to the environment, and meets the requirement of environmental protection.
4) The efficient red mud resource utilization process provided by the invention adopts induction heating during high-temperature reduction of the red mud mixed pellets, can realize rapid heating, belongs to exothermic reaction, and can also save energy to a certain extent.
5) The red mud high-efficiency resource utilization of the invention adopts the waste aluminum scraps as the additive, on one hand, the waste aluminum scraps are used as the reducing agent to play a role in reducing iron, on the other hand, the thermite reaction is fully utilized to reduce the sintering temperature, so that the purpose of reducing energy consumption is achieved, and on the third hand, the waste aluminum scraps can be recycled.
6) The efficient resource utilization process for the red mud has the advantages of easily available raw materials, simple process, low equipment requirement, safety, environmental protection and strong operability, can change the red mud into things of value, and has better economic and social benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a red mud high-efficiency resource utilization system of the invention;
the system comprises a washing tank 1, a first filter press 2, a dryer 3, a first crusher 4, a screening machine 5, a mixer 6, a pellet forming machine 7, an induction furnace 8, a second crusher 9, a magnetic separator 10, a reaction kettle 11, a second filter press 12, a settling tank 13, a roasting furnace 14, a first conveying device 120, a second conveying device 23, a third conveying device 34, a fourth conveying device 45, a fifth conveying device 56, a sixth conveying device 67, a seventh conveying device 78, an eighth conveying device 89, a ninth conveying device 910, a tenth conveying device 1011, an eleventh conveying device 1112, a twelfth conveying device 1213 and a thirteenth conveying device 1314.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the red mud high-efficiency resource utilization system according to the present invention comprises a washing tank (1), a first filter press (chamber filter press, 2), a dryer (3), a first crusher (4), a screening machine (5), a stirrer (6), a pellet forming machine (double-roll high-pressure ball press, 7), an induction furnace (8), a second crusher (9), a magnetic separator (10), a reaction kettle (11), a second filter press (chamber filter press, 12), a sedimentation tank (13), and a roasting furnace (14) which are sequentially arranged according to the process. The components and functions of the system are as follows:
the washing tank (1) is used for washing the red mud raw material so as to obtain the washed red mud.
The first filter press (chamber filter press, 2) is provided with a washing red mud inlet and a filter-pressing red mud outlet, and is used for filter-pressing washing red mud to reduce water content so as to obtain filter-pressing red mud, and a first conveying device (bucket elevator, 120) is arranged between the first filter press (chamber filter press, 2) and the washing tank (1).
The dryer (3) is provided with a filter-pressing red mud inlet and a drying red mud outlet and is used for drying filter-pressing red mud so as to obtain dried red mud, and a second conveying device (belt conveyor, 23) is arranged between the dryer (3) and the first filter press (chamber filter press, 2).
The first crusher (4) is provided with a dried red mud inlet and a crushed red mud outlet and is used for crushing the dried red mud to obtain crushed red mud, and third conveying equipment (a belt conveyor, 34) is arranged between the first crusher (4) and the dryer (3).
The screening machine (5) is provided with a crushed red mud inlet and a red mud particle outlet and is used for screening the crushed red mud so as to obtain red mud particles with proper particle size, and a fourth conveying device (a belt conveyor, 45) is arranged between the screening machine (5) and the first crusher (4).
The stirrer (6) is provided with a red mud particle inlet, a coal powder inlet, an aluminum scrap inlet and a mixture outlet, and is used for mixing the red mud particles, the coal powder and the aluminum scrap to obtain a mixture, and a fifth conveying device (a belt conveyor, 56) is arranged between the stirrer (6) and the screening machine (5).
The pellet forming machine (the double-roller high-pressure pellet press machine, 7) is provided with a mixture inlet and a mixed pellet outlet and is used for forming and pelletizing the mixture so as to obtain mixed pellets, the forming pressure is controlled to be 8-12 MPa, and sixth conveying equipment (a belt conveyor, 67) is arranged between the forming machine (the double-roller high-pressure pellet press machine, 7) and the stirring machine (6).
The electric induction furnace (8) is used for carrying out high-temperature reduction on the mixed pellets so as to obtain a reaction mixture, the electric induction furnace (8) is provided with an inert gas inlet, and seventh conveying equipment (a bucket elevator, 78) is arranged between the electric induction furnace (8) and the forming machine (a double-roller high-pressure ball press machine, 7).
The second crusher (9) is provided with a reaction mixture inlet and a reaction mixture crushed material outlet and is used for crushing the reaction mixture so as to obtain a reaction mixture crushed material, and an eighth conveying device (belt conveyor, 89) is arranged between the second crusher (9) and the electric induction furnace (8).
Magnet separator (10) are equipped with the broken material entry of reaction mixture, reduced iron export and magnetic separation residue export, and are used for carrying out the magnetic separation with the broken material of reaction mixture to obtain reduced iron and magnetic separation residue, be equipped with ninth conveying equipment (belt conveyor, 910) between magnet separator (10) and second breaker (9), magnet separator (10) inside magnetic field intensity sets up to 120 ~ 160 kA/m.
The reaction kettle (11) is used for carrying out acid leaching on the reaction magnetic separation residue so as to obtain an acid leaching mixture, and a tenth conveying device (a bucket elevator, 1011) is arranged between the reaction kettle (11) and the magnetic separator (10).
The second filter press (chamber filter press, 12) is provided with an acid leaching mixture inlet, an acid leaching solution outlet and a solid-phase slag outlet, and is used for carrying out filter pressing on the acid leaching mixture so as to obtain acid leaching solution and solid-phase slag, and eleventh conveying equipment (screw conveyor, 1112) is arranged between the second filter press (chamber filter press, 12) and the reaction kettle (11).
The sedimentation tank (13) is used for settling the pickle liquor so as to obtain sediment, and a twelfth conveying device (a pipeline pumping machine, 1213) is arranged between the sedimentation tank (13) and the second filter press (a box filter press, 12).
The roasting furnace (14) is provided with a precipitate inlet and a roasted product outlet and is used for roasting the precipitate so as to obtain a roasted product, and a thirteenth conveying device (a spiral conveyor, 1314) is arranged between the roasting furnace (14) and the sedimentation tank (13).
When the system is used for efficiently recycling the red mud, the red mud is washed in a washing tank (1) to obtain washed red mud; transferring the washed red mud to a chamber type filter press (2) through a bucket elevator (120) for filter pressing to obtain filter-pressed red mud; transferring the filter-pressed red mud into a dryer (3) through a belt conveyor (23) to be dried at 80 ℃ to obtain dried red mud; transferring the dried red mud into a first crusher (4) through a belt conveyor (34) for crushing to obtain crushed red mud; transferring the crushed red mud to a screening machine (5) through a belt conveyor (45) for screening to obtain red mud particles with the particle size of 5 mm; the red mud particles, the coal powder and the aluminum scraps are mixed according to the weight ratio of 50: 8: 9, transferring the mixture to a stirrer (6) through a belt conveyor (56) to be mixed to obtain a mixture; transferring the mixture to a double-roller high-pressure ball press (7) through a belt conveyor (67) to form and pelletize under the pressure of 10MPa, so as to obtain mixed pellets; the mixed pellets are transferred into an induction furnace (8) through a bucket elevator (78) and then are reduced for 20min at the high temperature of 1100 ℃ under the protection of argon gas, so as to obtain a reaction mixture; transferring the reaction mixture to a second crusher (9) through a belt conveyor (89) for crushing to obtain a crushed material of the reaction mixture; transferring the crushed reaction mixture to a magnetic separator (10) through a belt conveyor (910) for magnetic separation under a magnetic field with the strength of 150kA/m to obtain reduced iron and magnetic separation residues, wherein the reduced iron can be used as an iron-making raw material; transferring the magnetic separation residue to a reaction kettle (11) through a bucket elevator (1011), and then carrying out acid leaching treatment on the magnetic separation residue for 25min at 60 ℃ by using dilute hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 12%, wherein the liquid-solid ratio of the hydrochloric acid to the magnetic separation residue in acid leaching is 4.5: 1, finally obtaining an acid leaching mixture; transferring the acid leaching mixture to a chamber type filter press (12) through a screw conveyor (1112) for filter pressing to obtain acid leaching solution and solid-phase slag, wherein the solid-phase slag can be used as a raw material for producing cement; transferring the pickle liquor to a sedimentation tank (13) through a pipeline pumping machine (1213) and adding 20% of potassium hydroxide for sedimentation to obtain a precipitate; transferring the precipitate to a roasting furnace (14) through a screw conveyor (1314) and roasting for 15min at the high temperature of 1200 ℃ to obtain the alumina. After the red mud is subjected to efficient resource treatment according to the process of the embodiment, the recovery rate of iron in the red mud reaches 83%, the recovery rate of aluminum reaches 73%, and the recovery rate of silicon reaches 85%.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A red mud high-efficiency resource utilization process is characterized by comprising the following steps: the red mud is treated by adopting a system, and the system is sequentially arranged as follows according to the working procedures: the device comprises a washing tank, a first filter press, a dryer, a first crusher, a screening machine, a stirrer, a pellet forming machine, an induction furnace, a second crusher, a magnetic separator, a reaction kettle, a second filter press, a sedimentation tank and a roasting furnace;
the red mud treatment by adopting the system comprises the following procedures:
1) adding the red mud into a washing tank for washing, conveying the red mud to a first filter press for filter pressing, conveying a filter cake to a dryer for drying, conveying the dried filter cake to a first crusher for crushing, conveying the crushed filter cake to a screening machine for screening to obtain red mud particles;
2) conveying the red mud particles into a stirrer, adding coal powder and waste aluminum scraps into the stirrer, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
3) conveying the mixture to a pellet forming machine for pressing into pellets;
4) conveying the pellets into an induction electric furnace, and carrying out high-temperature reduction treatment under the protection of inert gas to obtain a reaction mixture;
5) conveying the reaction mixture to a second crusher for crushing treatment to obtain a crushed material; conveying the crushed materials to a magnetic separator for magnetic separation to obtain reduced iron and magnetic separation residues;
6) conveying the magnetic separation residues to a reaction kettle, and adding acid liquor to carry out acid leaching to obtain an acid leaching mixture;
7) conveying the acid leaching mixture to a second filter press for filter pressing treatment to obtain acid leaching solution and solid-phase slag, wherein the solid-phase slag is used as a raw material for producing cement;
8) conveying the pickle liquor to a sedimentation tank, adding alkali liquor for sedimentation to obtain sediment;
9) and conveying the precipitate to a roasting furnace for high-temperature roasting treatment to obtain the aluminum oxide.
2. The efficient resource utilization process for red mud according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the mass ratio of the red mud particles to the coal powder and the waste aluminum scraps is (40-50): (4-8): (5-10);
the particle size of the red mud particles is 5-10 mm.
3. The efficient resource utilization process for red mud according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the high-temperature reduction temperature is 1000-1100 ℃, and the time is 20-30 min.
4. The efficient resource utilization process for red mud according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the acid leaching conditions are as follows: hydrochloric acid with the mass percentage concentration of 10-15% is used as a leaching agent, the liquid-solid ratio is (4-5) mL:1g, the leaching temperature is 60-90 ℃, and the leaching time is 25-45 min.
5. The efficient resource utilization process for red mud according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the high-temperature roasting temperature is 1100-1250 ℃, and the roasting time is 10-20 min.
6. The efficient resource utilization process for red mud according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the first filter press and the second filter press are both chamber type filter presses.
7. The efficient resource utilization process for red mud according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pellet forming machine is a double-roller high-pressure ball press or a disc pelletizer.
8. The efficient resource utilization process for red mud according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the induction furnace is provided with an inert gas inlet.
9. The efficient resource utilization process for red mud according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the magnetic field intensity in the magnetic separator is set to be 120-160 kA/m.
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| CN111389859A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-10 | 安徽工业大学 | Method for recovering iron powder by direct reduction of red mud |
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| CN103074456A (en) * | 2013-01-08 | 2013-05-01 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Method for recycling iron from waste red mud in alumina production |
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