CN110160639B - Method for detecting flushing noise of floor type toilet by sound energy level hemisphere measuring surface method - Google Patents
Method for detecting flushing noise of floor type toilet by sound energy level hemisphere measuring surface method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a floor type ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise detection method, which comprises the following detection steps: installing and debugging a sample; determining a sound source reference body and a hemispherical measuring surface; sound pressure level measurement; calculating the sound energy level and correcting background noise, test environment and meteorological conditions; evaluating the result; it is characterized in that: a-weighted equivalent sound level fast time weighting characteristic "F" using a sound level meterJA(10)Accurately and quantitatively detecting the represented flushing noise of the toilet; the invention provides for a succession of N at each microphone position on the hemispherical measurement surfaceeCumulative percent time integrated sound pressure level L 'of single ones of flushing noise emission events'EAi,q(ST)(10)(q＝1,2,…Ne；NeNot less than 5) and the cumulative percent time average sound pressure level L of the background noisepAi(B)(10)Measuring, and calculating the sound energy level L in normal flushing periodJA(10)And provides the basis for evaluating the results. The invention can fill the blank in the technical field of toilet bowl flushing noise detection, realizes the scientificity of the method and the comparability of the result, and can provide detection technical support for improving the production process and standardizing the market order in pottery and tongue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a noise quantitative test method, in particular to a method for measuring the sound energy level L on a hemispherical measurement surface by using the fast time weighting characteristic F of A weighting equivalent sound level of a sound level meterJA(10)A method for detecting the flushing noise of a floor type ceramic toilet bowl belongs to the technical field of physical and chemical performance detection of ceramics.
Background
The noise generated in the flushing process of the toilet bowl belongs to the category of hydrodynamic noise, and is mainly composed of three parts, namely structural vibration noise of a pipeline, fluid noise of water and cavitation noise, and when a liquid medium in the pipeline passes through pipeline areas such as a pipeline elbow, a reducing pipe and the like, the pipeline forms mechanical vibration under the action of excitation force; the fluid noise is derived from the pressure and flow rate change of liquid and mainly comprises noise generated when water flows in a water ring of the toilet bowl, noise generated when the water rushes out of the water ring and falls on the inner wall of the toilet bowl, noise generated when the water flows on the inner wall of the toilet bowl, noise generated when the water rotates in the toilet bowl and noise generated when siphons are damaged in the later stage of pollution discharge; the fluid noise is the main source of the flushing noise of the toilet, and if water in the toilet ring flows through the water ring in the flushing process, the turbulent flow boundary layer generates turbulent flow pressure to cause flow-induced shell vibration and vortex radiation noise. In addition, in the later stage of siphon, the siphon effect is destroyed due to the air filling, the air at the periphery forms vortex, so that the pressure is suddenly changed to generate noise, and meanwhile, local negative pressure is easily formed due to the uneven distribution of the liquid flow rate in the flushing process, and cavitation noise is also formed. The noise has all characteristics of sound wave propagation, wherein the propagation characteristic closely related to the toilet bowl flushing noise test is the directivity of the sound wave, so that the sound intensity received in different directions has certain energy difference. Experiments show that in the flushing process of the toilet bowl, the sound intensity above the cleaning surface is maximum, the sound intensity of the front side is second, the sound intensity of the left side and the right side is weak, and the sound intensity of the rear side is minimum; and during actual measurement, the measurement point distribution needs to be reasonably set by utilizing the directivity of the noise source.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a quick time weighting characteristic F of an A-weighting equivalent sound level applying a sound level meter to a semispherical measurement surface by an accumulated percentage sound energy level LJA(10)The method for detecting the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl can solve the problems of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl and the accurate and quantitative test of the water inlet/drainage noise of the bathroom ceramic.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for detecting flushing noise of a floor type ceramic toilet bowl comprises the following steps: (1) installing and debugging a sample; (2) determining a sound source reference body and a hemispherical measuring surface; (3) sound pressureMeasuring the grade; (4) calculating the sound energy level and correcting background noise, test environment and meteorological conditions; (5) evaluating the detection result; it is characterized by that it uses A weight of sound level meter to weight the quick time weight characteristic "F" of equivalent sound level to accumulate percentage sound energy level LJA(10)The console mode ceramic toilet of sign washes noise and carries out accurate quantitative determination, and is specific:
in sound pressure level measurement:
(1) before the flushing noise of floor type ceramic pedestal pan samples in a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber is measured, according to relevant regulations in GB/T3767-2016 engineering method for measuring sound power level of noise source and approximate free field above acoustic energy level reflecting surface by acoustic sound pressure method, aiming at typical installation requirements of various floor type ceramic pedestal pan samples, the positioning of a sound source reference body under different reflecting plane conditions is determined and the characteristic dimension d of the sound source is calculated0(ii) a Simultaneously selecting a hemispherical measuring surface corresponding to the pedestal pan flushing noise source reference body, determining the size of the hemispherical measuring surface, and determining coordinates of the position arrays of the sound transmitters on different measuring surfaces;
(2) in a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, the normal flushing period of a floor type ceramic pedestal pan is used as the integral time for collecting audio signals; determination of cumulative percent time average sound pressure level L of background noise on selected hemispherical measurement surfaces using the A-weighted equivalent level of the sound level meter slow time weighted characteristic "SpAi(B)(10)(ii) a Then starting a flushing device under the test static pressure condition of 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, and continuously repeating N times for the toilet sample at each microphone position on the hemispherical measurement surfaceeAnd (5) performing secondary flushing operation. For different flushing water volume test requirements, the q flushing noise emission events at the ith microphone position on the selected hemispherical measurement surface are determined using the A weighted equivalent sound level fast time weighted characteristic "F" of the sound level meter during the normal flush cycle (half flush or full flush) (each flushing cycle can be considered as a separate noise emission event; q 1,2, … Ne；NeTime integral sound pressure level L 'of cumulative percentage of single event of > 5)'EAi,q(ST)(10)；
In the acoustic energy level calculation:
according to the related concepts and calculation formulas in GB/T3767-2016, under the test static pressure condition of 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, the normal flushing period (half flushing or full flushing) of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl is taken as the integration time of audio signal acquisition, and the background noise A weighted and accumulated percentage time average sound pressure level L measured by the sound level meter on the measuring surface of the selected hemisphere is calculatedpAi(B)(10)And a succession of N at each microphone positioneQ-th (q-1, 2, … N) of flushing noise emission eventse；NeNot less than 5) of A weight-counting single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level L'EAi,q(ST)(10)As basic data, the average of the A-weighted cumulative percent time average sound pressure level of the background noise on the hemispherical measurement surface is calculated
And a succession of N at each microphone locationeA weight single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level average L 'of toilet bowl flushing noise emission events'EAi(ST)(10)(ii) a Deriving N continuously on the hemispherical measuring surface simultaneouslyeA weighted average of single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure levels for individual toilet bowl flushing noise emission events
By correcting value K for background noise1ATesting environment correction value K2AAnd weather condition correction value C1、C2The influence of the (partial or full) flushing is analyzed to obtain the continuous N on the hemisphere measuring surface in the normal flushing periodeA-weighted single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level for individual toilet bowl flushing noise emission event
And calculating the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude L of the flushing noise of each floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample under the specific static pressure conditionJA(10)And the average of the acoustic energy levels of the cumulative percentage weighted by the flushing noise A for each set of samples
Simultaneously, defining corresponding data reduction requirements and measurement uncertainty ranges;
in the evaluation of the results:
adopting a hemisphere measuring surface method to test the flushing noise of a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample in a normal flushing period (half flushing or full flushing) under a test static pressure of 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, and when the flushing noise A of a certain sample counts the weight and accumulates the percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)Acoustic energy level L of the 3 samples in the groupJA(10)Arithmetic mean value
When 10%, a group of samples need to be extracted again to repeat the experiment; and calculating the flushing noise cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L of the two groups of floor type ceramic pedestal pan samples under the specific static pressure condition by applying the fast time weighting characteristic F of the A weighting equivalent acoustic level of the acoustic level meter through a hemispherical measurement surface methodJA(10))Is arithmetic mean of
If a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted to accumulate the percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)The acoustic energy level L is calculated by weighting the accumulated percentage of the flushing noise A of the two groups of 6 samplesJA(10)Arithmetic mean value
10% of the total weight is discarded; the residual toilet sample flushing noise A is taken to count the weight and the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
As the evaluation index of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the advancement is as follows: in semi-anechoic or reverberant room acoustic environments, by applying the phenomenaThe fast time weighting characteristic F of the A weighting equivalent sound level of the sound level meter, which is a precision instrument, is used for measuring the flushing noise of the position array of the hemispherical surface microphone and correcting the background noise. Considering that the toilet flushing mode is started in a transient process, the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L capable of correctly reflecting the influence of the toilet flushing mode on human psychology and physiology is adoptedJA(10)As subjective evaluation parameters; the detection technology has certain advancement, achieves the modernization of the detection of the flushing noise of the ceramic toilet, and lays a necessary hardware foundation for realizing the precision of the detection result.
(2) Scientifically: on the basis of following the acoustic general guide rule in GB/T3767-2016, a hemispherical measurement surface acoustic model is established according to an envelope sound source test principle aiming at a flushing noise generation mechanism and a propagation path of a toilet bowl based on the non-continuity characteristic of noise caused by liquid non-steady flow; comprehensively analyzing the influence of factors such as background noise, environment and meteorological conditions on the detection result, and counting the cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude L by the weight A under the universal working pressure test condition of the civil building water supply pipelineJA(10)The measured result is used as a flushing noise evaluation index, the actual use state of the floor type toilet bowl and the attention focus of consumers are met, and the scientificity of the detection method is improved.
(3) Standardization: evaluating the test result according to the national environmental protection requirement and the product quality standard, and referring to the corresponding regulations in the national acoustic basic standard GB/T3767-; and provides a structural diagram of a suitable reference body and a hemispherical measuring surface, simultaneously defines a series of key technical contents such as sample installation, measuring point coordinates, measuring steps, a calculation formula, uncertainty, result evaluation and the like, and can realize the quantification of the flushing noise detection result of the floor type ceramic toilet.
(4) Prospective: at present, the detection technology of the flushing noise of the toilet bowl at home and abroad is relatively simple, the relevant acoustic principle foundation is lacked, and the applicability and the accuracy of the testing method are poor; the method is applicable to a measuring surface according to related acoustic guiding rules and related A weighting acoustic energy magnitude measuring principles in GB/T3767-2016 (engineering method for measuring approximate free field above acoustic power level and acoustic energy level reflecting surface by acoustic sound pressure method) of ISO 3744:2010, a calculation formula is scientific, the accuracy level of a measurement result is 2 levels, and the method has a certain prospect technically.
(5) The accuracy is as follows: a sound level meter with high automation degree and advanced and mature technology is used as test equipment, and the evaluation results of three ceramic toilet bowl samples are used as final judgment conclusions; selecting the fast time weighting characteristic F of the A weighting equivalent sound level of the sound level meter in the normal flushing period, and measuring the accumulative percentage sound energy level L of the flushing noise by a hemisphere measuring surface methodJA(10)As a correlation result evaluation index; and influence factors such as background noise, test environment, meteorological conditions and the like are corrected, the accumulative effect of uncertainty in the measurement process is comprehensively judged, and measurement errors can be effectively avoided.
(6) The innovation is as follows: aiming at the influence of water supply pressure on the flushing noise of a toilet, the noise test requirements are met according to the general working pressure range of water supply pipelines between floors of a civil building and under the conditions of different flushing water amounts; selecting A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L of hemispherical measurement surface microphone position array flushing noise in normal flushing period (half flushing or full flushing)JA(10)As a result evaluation index for each toilet sample; and the installation conditions of the sample and the debugging requirements of the water tank fittings are determined, the accuracy and the representativeness of the detection result are improved by limiting the measurement frequency and the data processing of the background noise and the flushing noise at the coordinates of each measuring point, and the blank in the prior related test technical field can be effectively filled.
(7) Operability: the sound level price is cheap, the application is extensive, the sample installation, debugging and a series of experimental operations stipulated by the method of the invention are simple and easy to do; the method has the advantages that technical contents related to test parameters, measurement surfaces, measuring point arrays, test steps, calculation formulas, data processing, evaluation standards and the like are clearly and specifically described, related diagram illustrations are visual and accurate, and the method is easy to understand and master, so that the method has strong operability in the patent implementation process, and is beneficial to promotion of transfer and popularization of achievements.
(8) Universality: based on the advantages, the method has stronger practicability and is favorable for expanding the popularization and application in inspection, study, research and production fields; the device is beneficial to supporting the detection technology of the flushing noise of the ceramic toilet bowl to realize universality, and can provide reference for the flushing noise of squatting pans and urinals, the noise generated by other sanitary ceramic products such as wash basins, bidets and water inlet valves, the noise generated by products such as toilet water tank accessories and water supply/drainage pipelines in the using process and the detection technology research thereof.
Further, the preferred scheme of the invention is as follows:
the sample installation and debugging are carried out according to the following steps:
(1) 3 ceramic or stoneware floor type pedestal pan samples of the same type, specification and size produced by the same manufacturer and the same batch are taken as a group, and the internal structure of the pedestal pan sample is of a rushing type or a siphon type;
(2) the method comprises the following steps of preparing a flushing water tank and water tank fittings which meet the requirement of rated water consumption, and preparing a seat ring, a cover plate and a flange which are suitable for the size (for a toilet sample with a rear-discharge type drainage mode, the drainage mode is adjusted from the rear-discharge type to a lower-discharge type by using the flange with the suitable size), and debugging the water tank water supply system of the toilet sample to be tested according to the standardized debugging program of the water tank type toilet test water supply system specified in the No. 8.8.2.1 in GB 6952 laid-aside materials; the working water level of the flushing water tank can meet the requirement of a normal flushing process, and the nominal water consumption is equal to the actual water consumption;
(3) assembling a corresponding flushing device and a corresponding water inlet pipe for a floor type ceramic toilet sample to be tested according to installation instructions of a production plant, and performing a connection sealing test according to the 8.11 th regulation in GB 6952-;
(4) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample which is not close to any wall during installation, if the test is carried out in an acoustic environment similar to a free field above a reflecting surface of a semi-anechoic chamber, the sample to be tested can be directly placed in the center of the ground and the normal flushing function of the sample to be tested is ensured. If the test is carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample is placed on the ground, the distance between the sample and any wall is not less than 1.0m, and the normal flushing function is ensured;
(5) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample arranged close to a wall, the sample can be tested in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface of the sample and the reflection surface of the close vertical wall is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other three walls in the chamber is ensured to be not less than 1.5 m; meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured;
(6) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample arranged close to a corner, the test can be carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface and the side surface of the sample and two adjacent vertical wall reflecting surfaces is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other two walls in the room is not less than 1.5 m; and meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured.
The determination of the sound source reference body and the hemispherical measurement surface is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) determination of the pedestal pan flushing noise source reference shape and size: on the basis of analyzing the integral contribution of the structures of the floor type ceramic pedestal pan and the flushing device thereof to the flushing noise radiation, setting the position and the size of a sound source reference body by utilizing a three-dimensional coordinate system according to the relevant regulation of 7.1 in GB/T3767-2016 engineering method for measuring the sound power level of a noise source and the approximate free field above a sound energy level reflecting surface by an acoustic sound pressure method; aiming at different floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample installation modes, when a sound source reference body is positioned, the center of a box body formed by the sound source reference body and mirror images of the sound source reference body on adjacent reflection planes is used as a coordinate origin O, and horizontal axes x and y are respectively parallel to the length and the width of the reference body. Length l using horizontal length of toilet sample as sound source reference body1And the width l of the sound source reference body is the horizontal width of the flushing water tank2And the vertical distance from the water tank working water level line to the ground is used as the height l of the sound source reference body3(ii) a Correspond toCharacteristic dimension d of acoustic reference body under different test environmental conditions0Are respectively [ (l)1/2)2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2(a reflection plane), [ l [ ]1 2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2(two reflection planes) and [ l1 2+l2 2+l3 2]1/2(three reflection planes) in meters (m);
(2) determination of hemispherical measurement surfaces and their microphone position arrays: according to the relevant provisions of the 7.2.3 th and 8.1.1 th items in the GB/T3767-2016 standard, the hemispherical measuring surface adopted in the test has the same azimuth coordinate origin as the sound source reference body, namely, the center of a box body formed by the reference body and a virtual image thereof in an adjacent reflecting surface is a hemispherical surface with the measuring radius r; wherein r is more than or equal to 2d0And r is more than or equal to 16.0m and more than or equal to 1.0 m. If the floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample to be measured is positioned on a reflecting plane during installation, the measuring surface is a complete hemisphere with the area S being 2 pi r2Measuring the radius r is 2.0 m; the corresponding microphone position array coordinates are shown in table 1 (considering that toilet bowl flushing noise has strong directivity, if the A weighted sound pressure level change range measured at ten basic microphone positions exceeds 10dB, additional microphone positions are added, and the coordinates are points numbered 11-20 in table 1). If the sample of the toilet bowl to be measured is arranged close to the two reflecting planes when being installed, the measuring surface is 1/2 hemispheres and the area S is pi r2The measurement radius r is 3.0m (length l of the acoustic reference body)1I.e. the distance from the wall to the front face of the respective reference body); the corresponding microphone location array coordinates are shown in table 2 (if the weighted sound pressure level measured at five basic microphone locations, 2,3,6,7 and 9, exceeds 5dB, additional microphone locations are added; the coordinates are four points numbered 11,14,15,18 in table 2). If the sample of the toilet bowl to be measured is arranged close to the three reflecting planes when being installed, the measuring surface is 1/4 hemispheres and the area S is pi r2(ii)/2, measurement radius r is 3.0m (length of reference body l)1And width l2I.e. opposite from the two walls to the respective reference bodyDistance); the corresponding microphone location array coordinates are shown in table 3 (if the measured a weighted sound pressure level variation range at the three basic microphone locations 1,2 and 3 exceeds 3dB, additional microphone locations are added; the coordinates are the three points numbered 4,5 and 6 in table 3).
TABLE 1 hemispherical measurement surface microphone position array coordinates of toilet bowl samples on a reflection plane
Table 2 toilet bowl samples 1/2 hemispherical measurement surface microphone position array coordinates on two reflection planes
| Location numbering | x/r | y/r | z/r |
| 2 | 0.50 | -0.86 | 0.15 |
| 3 | 0.50 | 0.86 | 0.15 |
| 6 | 0.89 | 0 | 0.45 |
| 7 | 0.33 | 0.57 | 0.75 |
| 9 | 0.33 | -0.57 | 0.75 |
| 11 | 0.99 | 0 | 0.15 |
| 14 | 0.45 | -0.77 | 0.45 |
| 15 | 0.45 | 0.77 | 0.45 |
| 18 | 0.66 | 0 | 0.75 |
Table 3 toilet bowl samples 1/4 hemispherical measurement surface microphone position array coordinates on three reflection planes
| Location numbering | x/r | y/r | z/r |
| 1 | 0.86 | -0.50 | 0.15 |
| 2 | 0.45 | -0.77 | 0.45 |
| 3 | 0.47 | -0.47 | 0.75 |
| 4 | 0.50 | -0.86 | 0.15 |
| 5 | 0.77 | -0.45 | 0.45 |
| 6 | 0.47 | -0.47 | 0.75 |
The sound pressure level measurement is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) except that 1 toilet sample to be tested, a tripod and other necessary experimental appliances are reserved, all other articles in the testing chamber are removed, and no redundant personnel can be present in the testing chamber; the experimental operator must not wear clothing with significant sound absorption characteristics; measuring and recording the air temperature and the atmospheric pressure in the test chamber by using a thermometer and a barometer which are qualified by verification;
(2) before a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample is subjected to a flushing noise test, firstly, a steel ruler and a square ruler are used for measuring the size l of the sample1、l2、l3And recording; according to the number of reflecting planes involved in the sample installation mode, determining the space positioning of the sound source reference body and calculating the characteristic dimension d of the sound source reference body0(ii) a Selecting a suitable hemisphere envelope sound source measuring surface and calculating a measuring radius r of the hemisphere envelope sound source measuring surface; calculating and recording coordinates of each measuring point according to the microphone position array of the selected hemispherical measuring surface;
(3) the sound level meter used for measurement is required to meet the requirement of a 1-type instrument in GB/T3785.1-2010, and the verification period is not more than 2 years; the filter meets the requirements of a type 1 instrument in IEC 61260:1995, and the calibration period does not exceed 1 year. Before the test is started and after the test is finished, verifying the test on one or more frequencies in the measuring frequency range of the sound level meter by using a sound calibrator meeting the requirement of the level 1 accuracy in GB/T15173; the difference of the readings is not more than 0.5 dB;
(4) the toilet flushing noise test chamber can be a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, so that the volume of the available space in the test chamber is ensured to meet the installation requirement of a ceramic toilet sample to be tested, the test chamber has water supply/drainage conditions required by a flushing function, and the static pressure of test water can be regulated and controlled; wherein, the background noise in the semi-silencing chamber is not more than 16dB (A), the acoustic condition of approximate free field above the reflecting surface can be provided, and the verification period is not more than 5 years; background noise in the reverberation room is not more than 25dB (A), and reverberation time is in the range of 5 s-6 s;
(5) in a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber meeting the requirements, positioning coordinates of each measuring point according to a microphone position array on the selected hemispherical measuring surface; simultaneously moving the tripod to a measuring point position and placing a sound level meter with related acoustic performance on a top tripod head of the tripod to ensure that the orientation of the microphone is the same as the sound wave incident angle when the microphone is calibrated and the microphone vertically points to a measuring surface;
(6) taking a complete normal flushing cycle (half flushing or full flushing) as the integral time of sound level meter audio signal acquisition, and if the flushing cycle of the to-be-detected toilet sample is less than 20s, counting the integral time by 20 s; determination of cumulative percent time average sound pressure level L of background noise on selected hemispherical measurement surfaces using the A-weighted equivalent level of the sound level meter slow time weighted characteristic "SpAi(B)(10)And recording; the measurements were taken 3 times in succession at each microphone location, and the arithmetic mean was taken as the sound pressure level measurement of the background noise at that location. If the difference of the sound pressure levels measured 3 times at each position is greater than 0.5dB, re-measuring and recording;
(7) adjusting the test static pressure to 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, adjusting the water tank to the working water level line mark of the water tank, and flushing the water tank to enable the water seal of the toilet sample to be filled with water to a normal water level; then, lifting the toilet cover plate, starting the flushing device according to the requirement of the water consumption to be measured and timing in a normal mode; the sound level meter audio signal is collected as an integral time in a complete normal flush cycle (half flush or full flush), and if the flush cycle of the toilet sample is less than 20s, the integral time is counted in 20 s. Repeating N successive toilet samples at each microphone location on the hemispherical measurement surfaceeSub-flush operation, the q-th flush noise emission event at the corresponding location is determined using the a-weighted equivalent sound level fast time weighting characteristic "F" of the sound level meter (each flush cycle can be considered as a separate noise emission event; q-1, 2, … Ne；NeA weight single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level of not less than 5)L′EAi,q(ST)(10)And recording; the static pressure, water usage and flush cycle for each flush were also recorded.
The acoustic energy magnitude calculation is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) selecting a calculation formula: referring to relevant regulations in GB/T3767-:
if Δ LEA(10)If the noise is more than 15dB, the background noise correction is not needed; if the value of Delta L is less than or equal to 6dBEA(10)And (5) correcting according to the formula (5) if the value is less than or equal to 15 dB.
K1A＝-10lg(1-10-0.1△LpA(10))………………………………………………………(5)
K2A＝l0lg(l+4S/A)…………………………………………………………………(6)
When K is2AWhen the power is less than or equal to 4dB, the measurement made according to the method is effective; wherein, the sound absorption quantity calculation formula of the semi-anechoic chamber and the reverberation chamber is as follows:
A＝α·Sν……………………………………………………………………………(7)
A＝0.16V/Tn………………………………………………………………………(8)
LJA ref,atm(10)＝LJA(10)+C1+C2………………………………………………………(13)
in the formula:
L′Ei(ST)(10)-N at the ith microphone position on the hemispherical measurement surface during a normal flush cycleeThe measured flushing noise A of the toilet bowl is weighted, and the unit is decibel (dB) of the accumulated percentage time integral sound pressure level mean value of a single event;
Nemeasurement of the number of single toilet bowl flushing noise emission events at microphone positions on a hemispherical measurement surface (N)e≥5)；
L′EAi,q(ST)(10)-bowl flushing noise qth event measured at the ith microphone position on the hemispherical measurement surface during a normal flush cycle (q ═ 1,2, … Ne；NeNot less than 5) A weight single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level in decibels (dB);
NM-hemispherical measurement of the number of surface microphone positions;
LpAi(B)(10)in a normal flushing period, the background noise A measured at the ith microphone position on the hemispherical measurement surface is weighted and accumulated to a percentage time average sound pressure level, and the unit is decibel (dB);
K1A-a background noise correction value;
K2A-testing the environmental correction value;
s-area of hemispherical measurement surface, in square meters (m)2)；
A-equivalent sound absorption area in square meters (m) of room at 1kHz frequency in test chamber2)；
alpha-A weighted average sound absorption coefficient of the surface of a test room, and the numerical range is shown in A.1 in GB/T3767-2016;
Sνtotal area of the test Room boundary (wall, floor, ceiling) in square meters (m)2)；
V-test Room volume in cubic meters (m)3)；
Tn-measured a weight or frequency band reverberation time in seconds(s);
LJA(10)under a test place and corresponding meteorological conditions, the washing noise A weight measured by a hemisphere measuring surface method is applied to each floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample in a normal flushing period to obtain a cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude, and the unit is decibel (dB);
S0＝1m2；
C1-testing a function of the air characteristic impedance under meteorological conditions of time and place;
C2-converting the actual acoustic energy under meteorological conditions relative to the test time and place into a radiation impedance modification value of the acoustic energy under standard meteorological conditions;
ps-atmospheric pressure at the test time and location in kilopascals (kPa);
ps,0-standard atmospheric pressure, 101.325 kPa;
θ — air temperature at test time and site in degrees Celsius (C.);
θ0＝314K；
θ1＝296K；
LJA ref,atm(10)under the standard meteorological conditions that the atmospheric pressure is 101.325kPa and the temperature is 23.0 ℃, the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of the flushing noise of each floor type ceramic toilet bowl is in decibel (dB);
LJA(10)1、LJA(10)2、LJA(10)3-A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy level of flushing noise of each group of three floor type ceramic toilet bowl samplesIn decibels (dB);
LJA ref,atm(10)1、LJA ref,atm(10)2、LJA ref,atm(10)3under the standard meteorological conditions that the atmospheric pressure is 101.325kPa and the temperature is 23.0 ℃, the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of the flushing noise of each group of three floor type ceramic pedestal pan samples is in decibel (dB);
(2) data reduction requirements: consecutive N measured at the ith microphone position on the hemispherical measurement surfaceeQ-th (q-1, 2, … N) of toilet bowl flushing noise emission eventse；NeNot less than 5) of A weight-counting single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level L'EAi,q(ST)(10)And its mean value L'Ei(ST)(10)A weighted cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level L with background noisepAi(B)(10)Reserving a valid number after the decimal point; continuous N measured on a hemispherical measuring surfaceeA weighted average of single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure levels for individual toilet bowl flushing noise emission events
And its A weighted cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)A-weighted cumulative percent time average sound pressure level average of background noise
The calculation result of (2) is an integer;
(3) measurement uncertainty: the patent method specifies the repeatability standard deviation sigma of the floor type ceramic toilet flushing noise A weighting single event accumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level measuring result on the hemisphere measuring surfaceomcThe upper limit value is not more than 1.5 dB. Ginseng radix (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer)Considering relevant contents in the standard GB/T3767-2016, in a complete normal flushing period, the same experiment personnel uses the same sound level meter to measure the average value of the A weighted single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level on the same hemisphere measuring surface selected by the same floor type ceramic toilet bowl sample at the same installation position
6 repeated measurements were made (for each repeated measurement, the toilet bowl sample had to be re-mounted and repositioned), and the measurement results were corrected for background noise. Standard deviation of repeatability σomcThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:
The result evaluation calculation is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) according to the national environmental protection standard and the standard requirements of related products, the following grading judgment standards are adopted:
(2) When a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted, the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L is calculatedJA(10)Acoustic energy level L of the 3 samples in the groupJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
When 10%, a group of samples need to be extracted again to repeat the experiment; calculating the flushing noise cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L of the A-weighted equivalent acoustic level of the acoustic level meter under the specific static pressure condition by using the fast time weighting characteristic F of the acoustic level meter through a hemispherical measurement surface methodJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
If a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted to accumulate the percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)The acoustic energy level L is calculated by weighting the accumulated percentage of the flushing noise A of the two groups of 6 samplesJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
10% of the total weight is discarded; the residual toilet sample flushing noise A is taken to count the weight and the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
As the evaluation index of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet sample.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source reference body on a reflection plane in the present invention;
in the figure: d0-the characteristic size of the sound source, m; l1-length of reference body, m; l2-width of the reference body, m; l3-height of the reference body, m; o-origin of coordinates;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source reference body on two reflection planes in the present invention;
in the figure: d0-the characteristic size of the sound source, m; l1-length of reference body, m; l2-width of the reference body, m; l3-height of the reference body, m; o-origin of coordinates;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source reference body on three reflection planes in the present invention;
in the figure: d0-the characteristic size of the sound source, m; l1-length of reference body, m; l2-width of the reference body, m; l3-height of the reference body, m; o-origin of coordinates;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a hemispherical measurement surface of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source on a reflection plane and its microphone location array of the present invention;
in the figure: ● — basic microphone positions (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10); good-additional microphone position (11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19, 20); a-a measurement surface; b-a reference body;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the 1/2 hemispherical measurement surface and its microphone location array of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source on two reflection planes in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure: ● -microphone position (2,3,6,7, 9); good-additional microphone position (11,14,15, 18); a-a measurement surface; a-a measurement surface; b-a reference body; r-measuring the surface radius;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an 1/4 hemispherical measurement surface of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source on three reflection planes and its microphone location array in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure: ● -microphone position (1,2, 3); good-additional microphone position (4,5, 6); a-a measurement surface; b-a reference body; r-measuring the surface radius;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and preferred embodiments so that the advantages and features of the invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the invention is more clearly and clearly defined.
In the embodiment, the flushing noise detection of a floor type ceramic toilet bowl product which is produced in the northriver and Tangshan and has an internal structure of a jet siphon type and a nominal water consumption of 6L at a full flushing water consumption condition is taken as an example.
The specific detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) sample installation conditions and commissioning requirements
1.1 sample number, Specification
3 ceramic or stoneware floor type pedestal pan samples of the same type, specification and size produced by the same manufacturer and the same batch are taken as a group, the internal structure of the pedestal pan sample can be of a flushing type or a siphon type, and a flushing water tank and other gravity flushing devices (a single flushing type or a double flushing type) are used.
1.2 sample mounting
The toilet bowl is provided with a flushing water tank and toilet bowl water tank accessories which meet the requirement of rated water consumption, and is provided with a seat ring, a cover plate and a flange which are suitable for the size (for a toilet bowl sample with a rear discharge type drainage mode, the drainage mode of the toilet bowl sample is adjusted from the rear discharge type to the lower discharge type by using the flange with the suitable size). Debugging the water tank water supply system of the toilet sample to be tested according to the standardized debugging program of the water tank type toilet test water supply system specified in the No. 8.8.2.1 in GB 6952-2015, wherein the relevant requirements are met; the working water level of the flushing water tank can meet the requirement of a normal flushing process, and the nominal water consumption is equal to the actual water consumption.
1.3 connection tightness test
According to installation instructions of a production plant, a corresponding flushing device and a corresponding water inlet pipe are assembled for a floor type ceramic toilet sample to be tested, a connection sealing test is carried out according to the 8.11 th regulation in GB 6952-.
1.4 sample positioning
1.4.1 for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample which is not close to any wall when being installed, if the test is carried out in an acoustic environment which is similar to a free field above a reflecting surface of a semi-anechoic chamber, the sample to be tested can be directly placed in the center of the ground and the normal flushing function of the sample to be tested is ensured. If the test is performed in a rigid wall chamber or a dedicated reverberation chamber, the sample is placed on the ground at a distance of no less than 1.0m from either wall while ensuring proper flushing.
1.4.2 for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample installed close to a wall, testing can be carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface of the sample and the reflection surface of the close vertical wall is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other three walls in the room is ensured to be not less than 1.5 m; and meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured.
1.4.3 for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample installed near a corner, the test can be carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface and the side surface of the sample and two adjacent vertical wall reflection surfaces is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other two walls in the room is not less than 1.5 m; and meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured.
(2) Determination of acoustic reference body and hemispherical measuring surface
2.1 shape and size of pedestal pan flushing noise Source reference body
On the basis of analyzing the integral contribution of each part structure of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl and the flushing device thereof to the flushing noise radiation, according to GB/T3767 plus 2016 acoustic pressure methodDetermining the sound power level of a noise source and the related regulation of item 7.1 in the engineering method of approximate free field above the sound energy level reflecting surface, and setting the position and the size of a sound source reference body by using a three-dimensional coordinate system; for three different sample installation methods 1.4.1-1.4.3 in this embodiment, the corresponding structures of the flushing noise source reference body are respectively shown in fig. 1-3. Aiming at different floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample installation modes, when a sound source reference body is positioned, the center of a box body formed by the sound source reference body and mirror images of the sound source reference body on adjacent reflection planes is used as a coordinate origin O, and horizontal axes x and y are respectively parallel to the length and the width of the reference body. Length l using horizontal length of toilet sample as sound source reference body1And the width l of the sound source reference body is the horizontal width of the flushing water tank2And the vertical distance from the water tank working water level line to the ground is used as the height l of the sound source reference body3(ii) a Characteristic dimension d of sound source reference body corresponding to different test environment conditions0Are respectively [ (l)1/2)2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2(a reflection plane), [ l [ ]1 2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2(two reflection planes) and [ l1 2+l2 2+l3 2]1/2(three reflection planes) in meters (m).
2.2 selection of hemispherical measurement surfaces and determination of microphone position arrays
According to the relevant provisions of the 7.2.3 th item and the 8.1.1 th item in the standard GB/T3767-2016, the origin of coordinates of the hemisphere measuring surface used in the test and the sound source reference body, namely the center of a box body (the origin O in the figures 4-6) formed by the reference body and virtual images of the reference body in the adjacent reflecting surfaces, is a hemisphere surface with the measuring radius r; wherein r is more than or equal to 2d0And r is more than or equal to 16.0m and more than or equal to 1.0 m.
2.2.1 if the floor standing ceramic toilet sample to be measured is positioned according to item 1.4.1 in this example when mounted, the measurement surface is a complete hemisphere and the area S is 2 pi r2Measuring the radius r is 2.0 m; corresponding microphone position array is shown in the figure4, the coordinates of each measuring point are shown in the table 1.
Note: given the strong directivity of toilet bowl flushing noise, when the experiment involved only one reflection plane, if the a-weighted sound pressure level variation range (i.e. the difference between the highest and lowest sound levels) measured at the ten basic microphone positions exceeded 10dB, an additional microphone position was added with coordinates as the points numbered 11-20 in table 1 and fig. 4.
TABLE 1 hemispherical measurement surface microphone position array coordinates of toilet bowl samples on a reflection plane
2.2.2 if the floor standing ceramic toilet sample to be measured is positioned according to item 1.4.2 in this example when it is installed, the measurement surface is 1/2 hemisphere and the area S ═ r2The measurement radius r is 3.0m (length l of the acoustic reference body)1I.e. the distance from the wall to the front face of the respective reference body); the corresponding microphone position array is shown in fig. 5, and the coordinates of each measuring point are shown in table 2.
Note: if the A weighted sound pressure level variation range measured at five basic microphone positions of 2,3,6,7 and 9 exceeds 5dB, additional microphone positions are added; the coordinates are four points numbered 11,14,15,18 in table 2.
Table 2 toilet bowl samples 1/2 hemispherical measurement surface microphone position array coordinates on two reflection planes
2.2.3 if the floor standing ceramic toilet sample to be measured is positioned according to item 1.4.3 in this example when it is installed, the measurement surface is 1/4 hemisphere and the area S ═ r2(ii)/2, measurement radius r is 3.0m (length of reference body l)1And width l2I.e. the distance from the two walls to the opposite side of the respective reference body); the corresponding microphone position array is shown in fig. 6, and the coordinates of each measuring point are shown in table 3.
Note: if the A weighting sound pressure level change range measured at the positions of the three basic microphones of 1,2 and 3 exceeds 3dB, the additional microphone position is added; the coordinates are three points numbered 4,5,6 in table 3.
Table 3 toilet bowl samples 1/4 hemispherical measurement surface microphone position array coordinates on three reflection planes
| Location numbering | x/r | y/r | z/r |
| 1 | 0.86 | -0.50 | 0.15 |
| 2 | 0.45 | -0.77 | 0.45 |
| 3 | 0.47 | -0.47 | 0.75 |
| 4 | 0.50 | -0.86 | 0.15 |
| 5 | 0.77 | -0.45 | 0.45 |
| 6 | 0.47 | -0.47 | 0.75 |
(3) Sound pressure level measurement
3.1 except that 1 toilet sample to be tested and necessary experimental apparatus such as a tripod are kept, all other articles in the testing chamber are removed, and no redundant personnel can be present in the testing chamber; the experimental operator must not wear clothing with significant sound absorption characteristics; the air temperature and atmospheric pressure in the test chamber were measured and recorded using certified thermometers and barometers.
3.2 before the floor type ceramic toilet sample is subjected to the flushing noise test, firstly, the dimension l of the floor type ceramic toilet sample is measured by using a straight steel ruler and a square ruler1、l2、l3And recording; according to the number of reflecting planes involved in the sample installation mode, determining the space positioning of the sound source reference body and calculating the characteristic dimension d of the sound source reference body0(ii) a Selecting a suitable hemisphere envelope sound source measuring surface and calculating a measuring radius r of the hemisphere envelope sound source measuring surface; and calculating and recording coordinates of each measuring point according to the microphone position array of the selected hemisphere measuring surface.
3.3 the sound level meter used for measurement is in accordance with the requirement of a 1-type instrument in GB/T3785.1-2010, and the verification period is not more than 2 years; the filter meets the requirements of a type 1 instrument in IEC 61260:1995, and the calibration period does not exceed 1 year. Before the test is started and after the test is finished, verifying the test on one or more frequencies in the measuring frequency range of the sound level meter by using a sound calibrator meeting the requirement of the level 1 accuracy in GB/T15173; the difference in readings is no greater than 0.5 dB.
3.4 the toilet flushing noise test chamber can be a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, so that the volume of the available space in the test chamber is ensured to meet the installation requirement of the ceramic toilet sample to be tested, the water supply/drainage condition required by the flushing function is provided, and the static pressure of test water can be regulated and controlled; wherein, the background noise in the semi-silencing chamber is not more than 16dB (A), the acoustic condition of approximate free field above the reflecting surface can be provided, and the verification period is not more than 5 years; background noise in the reverberation room is not more than 25dB (A), and reverberation time is in the range of 5 s-6 s.
3.5 in the semi-anechoic chamber or the reverberation chamber meeting the requirements, positioning coordinates of each measuring point according to the microphone position array on the selected hemispherical measuring surface; simultaneously, the tripod is moved to a measuring point position, a sound level meter with relevant acoustic performance is placed on a top tripod head of the tripod, and the microphone is ensured to be oriented to have the same sound wave incidence angle when being calibrated and point to the measuring surface vertically.
3.6 taking a complete normal flushing cycle (half flushing or full flushing) as the integral time of sound level meter audio signal acquisition, if the flushing cycle of the to-be-detected toilet sample is less than 20s, the integral time is counted in 20 s; determination of cumulative percent time average sound pressure level L of background noise on selected hemispherical measurement surfaces using the A-weighted equivalent level of the sound level meter slow time weighted characteristic "SpAi(B)(10)And recording; the measurements were taken 3 times in succession at each microphone location, and the arithmetic mean was taken as the sound pressure level measurement of the background noise at that location. If the difference between the sound pressure levels measured 3 times at each location is greater than 0.5dB, the measurements are re-measured and recorded.
3.7 adjusting the static pressure of the test to 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, adjusting the water tank to the working water level line mark of the water tank, and flushing the water tank to ensure that the water seal of the toilet sample is filled with water to a normal water level; then, the toilet cover is lifted up and used according to the measurementStarting the flushing device and timing according to the normal mode when the water quantity is required; the sound level meter audio signal is collected as an integral time in a complete normal flush cycle (half flush or full flush), and if the flush cycle of the toilet sample is less than 20s, the integral time is counted in 20 s. Repeating N successive toilet samples at each microphone location on the hemispherical measurement surfaceeSub-flush operation, the q-th flush noise emission event at the corresponding location is determined using the a-weighted equivalent sound level fast time weighting characteristic "F" of the sound level meter (each flush cycle can be considered as a separate noise emission event; q-1, 2, … Ne；NeNot less than 5) of A weight-counting single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level L'EAi,q(ST)(10)And recording; the static pressure, water usage and flush cycle for each flush were also recorded.
(4) Calculation of results
4.1 selection of calculation formula: referring to the relevant specifications in GB/T3767-:
if Δ LEA(10)If the noise is more than 15dB, the background noise correction is not needed; if the value of Delta L is less than or equal to 6dBEA(10)And (5) correcting according to the formula (5) if the value is less than or equal to 15 dB.
K1A＝-10lg(1-10-0.1△LpA(10))………………………………………………………(5)
K2A＝l0lg(l+4S/A)…………………………………………………………………(6)
When K is2AWhen the power is less than or equal to 4dB, the measurement made according to the method is effective; wherein, the sound absorption quantity calculation formula of the semi-anechoic chamber and the reverberation chamber is as follows:
A＝α·Sν……………………………………………………………………………(7)
A＝0.16V/Tn………………………………………………………………………(8)
LJA ref,atm(10)＝LJA(10)+C1+C2………………………………………………………(13)
in the formula:
L′Ei(ST)(10)-N at the ith microphone position on the hemispherical measurement surface during a normal flush cycleeMeasured againThe unit of the integrated sound pressure level mean value of the cumulative percentage time integral of the single event is decibel (dB);
Nemeasurement of the number of single toilet bowl flushing noise emission events at microphone positions on a hemispherical measurement surface (N)e≥5)；
L′EAi,q(ST)(10)-bowl flushing noise qth event measured at the ith microphone position on the hemispherical measurement surface during a normal flush cycle (q ═ 1,2, … Ne；NeNot less than 5) A weight single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level in decibels (dB);
NM-hemispherical measurement of the number of surface microphone positions;
LpAi(B)(10)in a normal flushing period, the background noise A measured at the ith microphone position on the hemispherical measurement surface is weighted and accumulated to a percentage time average sound pressure level, and the unit is decibel (dB);
K1A-a background noise correction value;
K2A-testing the environmental correction value;
s-area of hemispherical measurement surface, in square meters (m)2)；
A-equivalent sound absorption area in square meters (m) of room at 1kHz frequency in test chamber2)；
alpha-A weighted average sound absorption coefficient of the surface of a test room, and the numerical range is shown in A.1 in GB/T3767-2016;
Sνtotal area of the test Room boundary (wall, floor, ceiling) in square meters (m)2)；
V-test Room volume in cubic meters (m)3)；
Tn-measured a weight or frequency band reverberation time in seconds(s);
LJA(10)under a test place and corresponding meteorological conditions, the washing noise A weight measured by a hemisphere measuring surface method is applied to each floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample in a normal flushing period to obtain a cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude, and the unit is decibel (dB);
S0＝1m2；
C1-testing a function of the air characteristic impedance under meteorological conditions of time and place;
C2-converting the actual acoustic energy under meteorological conditions relative to the test time and place into a radiation impedance modification value of the acoustic energy under standard meteorological conditions;
ps-atmospheric pressure at the test time and location in kilopascals (kPa);
ps,0-standard atmospheric pressure, 101.325 kPa;
θ — air temperature at test time and site in degrees Celsius (C.);
θ0＝314K；
θ1＝296K；
LJA ref,atm(10)under standard meteorological conditions with atmospheric pressure of 101.325kPa and temperature of 23.0 ℃,the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of the flushing noise of each floor type ceramic toilet bowl is in decibel (dB);
LJA(10)1、LJA(10)2、LJA(10)3the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of the flushing noise of each group of three floor type ceramic pedestal pan samples is in decibel (dB);
LJA ref,atm(10)1、LJA ref,atm(10)2、LJA ref,atm3(10)3under the standard meteorological conditions that the atmospheric pressure is 101.325kPa and the temperature is 23.0 ℃, the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of the flushing noise of each group of three floor type ceramic pedestal pan samples is in decibel (dB).
4.2 data reduction requirements: consecutive N measured at the ith microphone position on the hemispherical measurement surfaceeQ-th (q-1, 2, … N) of toilet bowl flushing noise emission eventse；NeNot less than 5) of A weight-counting single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level L'EAi,q(ST)(10)And its mean value L'Ei(ST)(10)A weighted cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level L with background noisepAi(B)(10)Reserving a valid number after the decimal point; continuous N measured on a hemispherical measuring surfaceeA weighted average of single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure levels for individual toilet bowl flushing noise emission events
And its A weighted cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)A-weighted cumulative percent time average sound pressure level average of background noise
The calculation result of (2) is then taken as an integer.
4.3 measurement uncertainty: the patent method specifies the repeatability standard deviation sigma of the floor type ceramic toilet flushing noise A weighting single event accumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level measuring result on the hemisphere measuring surfaceomcThe upper limit value is not more than 1.5 dB. Referring to the relevant contents in the standard GB/T3767-2016, in a complete normal flushing period, the same sound level meter is used by the same experimenter to measure the average value of the A weighted single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level on the same hemisphere selected by the same floor type ceramic toilet bowl sample at the same installation position
6 repeated measurements were made (for each repeated measurement, the toilet bowl sample had to be re-mounted and repositioned), and the measurement results were corrected for background noise. Standard deviation of repeatability σomcThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:
(5) Performance determination
5.1 according to the national environmental protection standard and the relevant product standard requirements, adopting the following grading judgment standards:
5.2 cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L weighted by A certain sample flushing noiseJA(10)Acoustic energy level L of the 3 samples in the groupJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
When 10%, a group of samples need to be extracted again to repeat the experiment; calculating the flushing noise cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L of the A-weighted equivalent acoustic level of the acoustic level meter under the specific static pressure condition by using the fast time weighting characteristic F of the acoustic level meter through a hemispherical measurement surface methodJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
If a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted to accumulate the percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)The acoustic energy level L is calculated by weighting the accumulated percentage of the flushing noise A of the two groups of 6 samplesJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
10% of the total weight is discarded; the residual toilet sample flushing noise A is taken to count the weight and the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
As the evaluation index of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet sample.
Test facilities, instrumentation and test equipment used in this example:
(1) test facility
Semi-anechoic chamber: the net size of the indoor building is 9.8m multiplied by 7.3m multiplied by 5.9m, the effective space size after the sound-absorbing wedge is hung is 7.8m multiplied by 5.3m multiplied by 4.9m, and the effective volume is 203m3Effective usable area of 41m2. The ceramic tile floor is taken as a single reflecting plane, and no other fixed facilities are needed in a room except for the corresponding water supply/drainage pipeline and the air conditioner; when the laboratory works normally and the surroundings have no abnormal interference, the indoor background noise is lower than 14.1dB (A); the extended uncertainty of the sound pressure level measurement is U95＝(0.4～1.0)dB，k＝2。
(2) Test equipment and equipment
2.1 Sound level Meter: the model is NA-28 and can measure equivalent continuous sound pressure L produced by Japan rational sound companyeqThe performance meets the regulation of a 1-type integral sound level meter in GB/T3785, and the filter meets the requirement of GB 3241; the sensitivity of a preamplifier of the noise analyzer is-27 dB +/-2 dB, the A-weighted linear operation range is 25 dB-130 dB, the measurement upper limit of peak sound level is 143dB, the A-weighted maximum value of inherent noise is 17dB, the measurement frequency range is 10 Hz-20 kHz, and the sampling period is 15.6 ms. Before each measurement, a sound calibrator with the accuracy of +/-0.1 dB is adopted to select points of 100Hz, 300Hz, 500Hz, 700Hz, 900Hz, 1000Hz and the like in the test frequency rangeAnd carrying out overall verification on the related noise measurement system.
The sound pressure level uncertainty U is 0.4dB to 1.0dB (k is 2); the sound pressure level uncertainty U at the reference frequency is 0.07dB (k is 2); the uncertainty of the calibration result is 1.0dB (k 2).
2.2 sound calibrator: the model AWA6221A produced by the hundred million Europe instrument equipment company Limited is used for absolute sound pressure calibration of a sound level meter, and the acoustic performance meets the 1-level accuracy requirement in GB/T15173; the nominal sound pressure level is 94dB and 114dB (taking 20 mu Pa as a benchmark), the applicable frequency range is 1 kHz-5 Hz, the sound pressure level accuracy is +/-0.2 dB (23 ℃) and +/-0.3 dB (-10 ℃ -50 ℃), and the total harmonic distortion is less than or equal to 1% when the sound pressure level is 94 dB.
2.3 ruler: a straight steel ruler and a square ruler with the division value of 1 mm.
2.4 water seal rule: the index value is 1 mm.
2.5 thermometer: the measuring range is 0-100 ℃, and the division value is 0.2 ℃.
2.6 empty cell barometer: the measurement range is 800hPa to 1060hPa, and the maximum allowable error of the value is +/-1.0 hPa.
2.7 stopwatch: the accuracy was 0.01 s.
2.8 tripod: the carbon fiber or aluminum alloy material bears more than 10kg and contains the maximum height of the holder of 2.0 m.
The detection data and result calculation of this embodiment:
in the semi-silencing chamber, the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic pedestal pan is detected by applying a hemispherical measurement surface method, and relevant detection data and calculation results are shown in a table 4.
TABLE 4 floor type ceramic toilet seat flushing noise detection data (one reflection plane)
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied to other related technical fields directly or indirectly, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for detecting flushing noise of a floor type ceramic toilet bowl comprises the following steps: (1) installing and debugging a sample; (2) determining a sound source reference body and a hemispherical measuring surface; (3) sound pressure level measurement; (4) calculating the sound energy level and correcting background noise, test environment and meteorological conditions; (5) evaluating the detection result; it is characterized by that it uses the quick time weighting characteristic "F" of A weighting equivalent sound level of sound level meter to count percentage sound energy magnitude L on the hemispherical measurement surfaceJA(10)The console mode ceramic toilet of sign washes noise and carries out accurate quantitative determination, and is specific:
in sound pressure level measurement:
(1) before the flushing noise of floor type ceramic pedestal pan samples in a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber is measured, according to GB/T3767 plus 2016 engineering method for measuring sound power level of a noise source and approximate free field above a sound energy level reflecting surface by an acoustic sound pressure method, aiming at typical installation requirements of various floor type ceramic pedestal pan samples, the positioning of a sound source reference body under different reflecting plane conditions is determined and the characteristic dimension d of the sound source is calculated0(ii) a Simultaneously selecting a hemispherical measuring surface corresponding to the pedestal pan flushing noise source reference body, determining the size of the hemispherical measuring surface, and determining coordinates of the position arrays of the sound transmitters on different measuring surfaces;
(2) in a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, the normal flushing period of a floor type ceramic pedestal pan is used as the integral time for collecting audio signals; determination of cumulative percent time average sound pressure level L of background noise on selected hemispherical measurement surfaces using the A-weighted equivalent level of the sound level meter slow time weighted characteristic "SpAi(B)(10)(ii) a Then under the test static pressure condition of 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, the flushing device is startedRepeating N times continuously for the toilet sample at each microphone position on the hemispherical measurement surfaceeSecondary flushing operation; for different flush water volume test requirements, a fast time weighting characteristic "F" of a weighted equivalent sound level of a sound level meter is applied to determine a single event cumulative percentage time integrated sound pressure level L 'of a qth flush noise emission event at an ith microphone location on a selected hemispherical measurement surface during a normal flush cycle'EAi,q(ST)(10)Wherein each flush cycle can be considered as a separate noise emission event, q 1,2, … NeAnd N ise≥5；
In the acoustic energy level calculation:
according to GB/T3767-pAi(B)(10)And a succession of N at each microphone positioneA weighted single event cumulative percentage time integrated sound pressure level L 'for the qth event of the flushing noise emission events'EAi,q(ST)(10)As basic data, where q is 1,2, … NeAnd N iseNot less than 5; calculating the average of A-weighted cumulative percent time average sound pressure level of background noise on a hemispherical measurement surface
And a succession of N at each microphone locationeA weight single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level average L 'of toilet bowl flushing noise emission events'EAi(ST)(10)(ii) a Deriving N continuously on the hemispherical measuring surface simultaneouslyeA weighted average of single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure levels for individual toilet bowl flushing noise emission events
By correcting value K for background noise1ATesting environment correction value K2AAnd weather condition correction value C1、C2Shadow ofAnalyzing the sound to obtain the continuous N on the hemisphere measuring surface in the normal flushing periodeA-weighted single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level for individual toilet bowl flushing noise emission event
And calculating the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude L of the flushing noise of each floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample under the specific static pressure conditionJA(10)And the average of the acoustic energy levels of the cumulative percentage weighted by the flushing noise A for each set of samples
Simultaneously, defining corresponding data reduction requirements and measurement uncertainty ranges;
the acoustic energy magnitude calculation is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) selecting a calculation formula: referring to GB/T3767-2016, the calculation formula of the related test parameters is as follows:
if Δ LEA(10)If the noise is more than 15dB, the background noise correction is not needed; if the value of Delta L is less than or equal to 6dBEA(10)And (5) if the value is less than or equal to 15dB, correcting according to the formula (5):
K1A＝-10lg(1-10-0.1△LpA(10)) (5)
K2A＝l0lg(l+4S/A) (6)
when K is2AWhen the power is less than or equal to 4dB, the measurement made according to the method is effective; wherein, the sound absorption quantity calculation formula of the semi-anechoic chamber and the reverberation chamber is as follows:
A＝α·Sν (7)
A＝0.16V/Tn (8)
LJAref,atm(10)＝LJA(10)+C1+C2 (13)
in the formula:
L′Ei(ST)(10)-N at the ith microphone position on the hemispherical measurement surface during a normal flush cycleeThe measured flushing noise A of the toilet bowl is weighted to the average value of the cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level of a single event, and the unit is dB;
Ne-number of measurements of single toilet bowl flushing noise emission events at microphone positions of hemispherical measurement surface, where Ne≥5；
L′EAi,q(ST)(10)-during a normal flush cycle, a weighted single event cumulative percentage time integrated sound pressure level for the qth event of toilet bowl flushing noise measured at the ith microphone position on the hemispherical measurement surface, where q is 1,2, … NeAnd N iseThe unit is dB and is more than or equal to 5;
NM-hemispherical measurement of the number of surface microphone positions;
LpAi(B)(10)in a normal flushing period, weighting the background noise A measured at the ith microphone on the hemispherical measurement surface to accumulate the percentage time average sound pressure level, wherein the unit is dB;
K1A-a background noise correction value;
K2A-testing the environmental correction value;
s-area of hemispherical measuring surface, in m2；
A-room at 1kHz frequency in test chamberEquivalent sound absorption area in m2；
alpha-A weighted average sound absorption coefficient of the surface of a test room, and the numerical range is shown in A.1 in GB/T3767-2016;
Sν-testing the total area of the room boundary of the room, wherein the room boundary comprises walls, floor, ceiling, in m2；
V-test Room volume in m3；
Tn-measured a weight or frequency band reverberation time in units s;
LJA(10)under a test place and corresponding meteorological conditions, the unit of the flushing noise A weight cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude measured by applying a hemisphere measuring surface method to each floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample in a normal flushing period is dB;
S0＝1m2；
C1-testing a function of the air characteristic impedance under meteorological conditions of time and place;
C2-converting the actual acoustic energy under meteorological conditions relative to the test time and place into a radiation impedance modification value of the acoustic energy under standard meteorological conditions;
psatmospheric pressure at the test time and location in kPa;
ps,0-standard atmospheric pressure, 101.325 kPa;
θ -air temperature at test time and site in units of;
θ0＝314K；
θ1＝296K；
LJAref,atm(10)at atmospheric pressure of 101.325kPa, warmUnder the standard meteorological condition with the temperature of 23.0 ℃, the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of the flushing noise of each floor type ceramic pedestal pan is in dB;
LJA(10)1、LJA(10)2、LJA(10)3a weighting accumulated percentage acoustic energy magnitude of flushing noise of each group of three floor type ceramic pedestal pan samples is in dB;
LJAref,atm(10)1、LJAref,atm(10)2、LJAref,atm(10)3under the standard meteorological conditions that the atmospheric pressure is 101.325kPa and the temperature is 23.0 ℃, the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of the flushing noise of each group of three floor type ceramic pedestal pan samples is dB;
(2) data reduction requirements: consecutive N measured at the ith microphone position on the hemispherical measurement surfaceeA weighted single event cumulative percentage time integrated sound pressure level L 'for the qth event of a toilet bowl flushing noise emission event'EAi,q(ST)(10)And its mean value L'Ei(ST)(10)A weighted cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level L with background noisepAi(B)(10)Reserving a valid number after the decimal point; continuous N measured on a hemispherical measuring surfaceeA weighted average of single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure levels for individual toilet bowl flushing noise emission events
And its A weighted cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)A-weighted cumulative percent time average sound pressure level average of background noise
The calculation result of (2) is an integer;
(3) measurement uncertainty: the method specifies the repeatability standard deviation sigma of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise A weighting single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level measuring result on the hemisphere measuring surfaceomcThe upper limit value is not more than 1.5dB, the reference standard GB/T3767-
6 times of repeated measurement are carried out, for each repeated measurement, the toilet sample needs to be reinstalled, adjusted and positioned, and background noise correction is carried out on the measurement result; standard deviation of repeatability σomcThe calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
in the formula:
in the evaluation of the results:
testing the flushing noise of a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample in a normal flushing period under a test static pressure of 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa by adopting a hemispherical surface measurement method, and when the flushing noise A of a certain sample counts the weight and accumulates the percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)Acoustic energy level L of the 3 samples in the groupJA(10)Arithmetic mean value
When 10%, a group of samples need to be extracted again to repeat the experiment; and calculating the flushing noise cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L of the two groups of floor type ceramic pedestal pan samples under the specific static pressure condition by applying the fast time weighting characteristic F of the A weighting equivalent acoustic level of the acoustic level meter through a hemispherical measurement surface methodJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
If a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted to accumulate the percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)The acoustic energy level L is calculated by weighting the accumulated percentage of the flushing noise A of the two groups of 6 samplesJA(10)Arithmetic mean value
10% of the total weight is discarded; the residual toilet sample flushing noise A is taken to count the weight and the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
As the evaluation index of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet sample.
2. The method for detecting the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl according to claim 1, wherein the sample installation and debugging are carried out according to the following steps:
(1) 3 ceramic or stoneware floor type pedestal pan samples of the same type, specification and size produced by the same manufacturer and the same batch are taken as a group, and the internal structure of the pedestal pan sample is of a rushing type or a siphon type;
(2) the method comprises the steps that a flushing water tank and water tank fittings meeting the requirement of rated water consumption are prepared, a seat ring, a cover plate and a flange with proper sizes are prepared, for a toilet sample with a rear-discharge type drainage mode, the drainage mode is adjusted from the rear-discharge type to a lower-discharge type by using the flange with proper sizes, and the water tank water supply system of the toilet sample to be tested is debugged according to the standardized debugging program of the water tank type toilet test water supply system specified in the No. 8.8.2.1 in GB 6952 laid-in materials; the working water level of the flushing water tank can meet the requirement of a normal flushing process, and the nominal water consumption is equal to the actual water consumption;
(3) assembling a corresponding flushing device and a corresponding water inlet pipe for a floor type ceramic toilet sample to be tested according to installation instructions of a production plant, and performing a connection sealing test according to the 8.11 th regulation in GB 6952-;
(4) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample which is not close to any wall when being installed, if the test is carried out in an acoustic environment similar to a free field above a reflecting surface of a semi-anechoic chamber, the sample to be tested can be directly placed in the center of the ground and the normal flushing function of the sample to be tested is ensured; if the test is carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample is placed on the ground, the distance between the sample and any wall is not less than 1.0m, and the normal flushing function is ensured;
(5) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample arranged close to a wall, the sample can be tested in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface of the sample and the reflection surface of the close vertical wall is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other three walls in the chamber is ensured to be not less than 1.5 m; meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured;
(6) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample arranged close to a corner, the test can be carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface and the side surface of the sample and two adjacent vertical wall reflecting surfaces is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other two walls in the room is not less than 1.5 m; and meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured.
3. The method for detecting the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl according to claim 1, wherein the sound source reference body and the hemisphere measuring surface are determined according to the following steps:
(1) determination of the pedestal pan flushing noise source reference shape and size: on the basis of analyzing the integral contribution of the structures of the floor type ceramic pedestal pan and the flushing device thereof to the flushing noise radiation, setting the position and the size of a sound source reference body by utilizing a three-dimensional coordinate system according to item 7.1 in GB/T3767-2016 engineering method for measuring the sound power level and the approximate free field above a sound energy level reflecting surface by an acoustic sound pressure method; aiming at different floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample installation modes, when a sound source reference body is positioned, the center of a box body formed by the sound source reference body and mirror images of the sound source reference body on adjacent reflection planes is taken as a coordinate origin O, and horizontal axes x and y are respectively parallel to the length and width of the reference body; length l using horizontal length of toilet sample as sound source reference body1And the width l of the sound source reference body is the horizontal width of the flushing water tank2And the vertical distance from the water tank working water level line to the ground is used as the height l of the sound source reference body3(ii) a Characteristic dimension d of sound source reference body under one reflection plane condition corresponding to different test environment conditions0Is [ (l)1/2)2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2Characteristic dimension d of sound source reference body under two reflection planes0Is [ l ]1 2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2Characteristic dimension d of sound source reference body under three reflection planes0Is [ l ]1 2+l2 2+l3 2]1/2In the unit of m;
(2) determination of hemispherical measurement surfaces and their microphone position arrays: according to items 7.2.3 and 8.1.1 in GB/T3767-; wherein r is more than or equal to 2d0And r is more than or equal to 16.0m and more than or equal to 1.0 m; if the floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample to be measured is positioned on a reflecting plane during installation, the measuring surface is a complete hemisphere with the area S being 2 pi r2Measuring the radius r is 2.0 m; the coordinates (x/r, y/r, z/r) of the corresponding microphone positions 1-20 are (0.16, -0.96, 0.22), (0.78, -0.60, 0.20), (0.78, 0.55, 0.31), (0.16, 0.90, 0.41), (-0.83, 0.32, 0.45), (-0.83, -0.40, 0.38), (-0.26, -0.65, 0.71), (0.74, -0.07, 0.67), (-0.26, 0.50, 0.83), (0.10, -0.10, 0.99), (0.91, -0.34, 0.22), (0.91, 0.38, 0.20), (-0.09, 0.95, 0.31), (-0.70, 0.59, 0.41), (-0.56, 0.55), (0.02), (0.55), (0.43, 0.55), (0.9), (0.6 ), (0.43, 0.55), (0.9, 0.27, 0.55), if the A weighting sound pressure level change range measured at the ten basic microphone positions exceeds 10dB, additional microphone positions are additionally arranged, and the coordinates of the additional microphone positions are the coordinates corresponding to the microphone positions 11-20; if the sample of the toilet bowl to be measured is arranged close to the two reflecting planes when being installed, the measuring surface is 1/2 hemispheres and the area S is pi r2Measuring radius r is 3.0m, wherein the length l of the sound source reference body1I.e. the distance from the wall to the front face of the corresponding reference body, the coordinates (x/r, y/r, z/r) of the corresponding microphone positions 2-3, 6-7, 9, 11, 14-15, 18 are (0.50, -0.86, 0.15), (0.50, 0.86, 0.15), (0.89, 0, 0.45), (0.33, 0.57, 0.75), (0.33, -0.57, 0.75), (0.99, 0, 0.15), (0.45, -0.77, 0.45), (0.45, 0.77, 0.45), (0.66, 0, 0.75), if at the basic microphone positions 2-3, 6-7, basic microphone positionsIf the A weighting sound pressure level change range measured at the 9 position exceeds 5dB, adding an additional microphone position, wherein the coordinates of the additional microphone position are the coordinates corresponding to the microphone position 11, the microphone positions 14-15 and the microphone position 18; if the sample of the toilet bowl to be measured is arranged close to the three reflecting planes when being installed, the measuring surface is 1/4 hemispheres and the area S is pi r2(ii)/2, measurement radius r is 3.0m, wherein length l of reference body1And width l2That is, the distance from the two walls to the opposite surfaces of the corresponding reference body, the coordinates (x/r, y/r, z/r) of the corresponding microphone positions 1-6 are (0.86, -0.50, 0.15), (0.45, -0.77, 0.45), (0.47, -0.47, 0.75), (0.50, -0.86, 0.15), (0.77, -0.45, 0.45), (0.47, -0.47, 0.75), respectively, and if the weighted sound pressure level variation range of A measured at the basic microphone positions 1-3 exceeds 3dB, the additional microphone position is added, and the coordinate thereof is the corresponding coordinate of the microphone positions 4-6.
4. The method for detecting the flushing noise of a floor-standing ceramic toilet bowl as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sound pressure level measurement is performed by the following steps:
(1) except that 1 toilet sample to be tested and a tripod experimental apparatus are reserved, all other articles in the testing chamber are removed, and no redundant personnel can be present in the testing chamber; the experimental operator must not wear clothing with significant sound absorption characteristics; measuring and recording the air temperature and the atmospheric pressure in the test chamber by using a thermometer and a barometer which are qualified by verification;
(2) before a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample is subjected to a flushing noise test, firstly, a steel ruler and a square ruler are used for measuring the size l of the sample1、l2、l3And recording; according to the number of reflecting planes involved in the sample installation mode, determining the space positioning of the sound source reference body and calculating the characteristic dimension d of the sound source reference body0(ii) a Selecting a suitable hemisphere envelope sound source measuring surface and calculating a measuring radius r of the hemisphere envelope sound source measuring surface; calculating and recording coordinates of each measuring point according to the microphone position array of the selected hemispherical measuring surface;
(3) the sound level meter used for measurement is required to meet the requirement of a 1-type instrument in GB/T3785.1-2010, and the verification period is not more than 2 years; the filter meets the requirement of a type 1 instrument in IEC 61260:1995, and the calibration period does not exceed 1 year; before the test is started and after the test is finished, verifying the test on one or more frequencies in the measuring frequency range of the sound level meter by using a sound calibrator meeting the requirement of the level 1 accuracy in GB/T15173; the difference of the readings is not more than 0.5 dB;
(4) the toilet flushing noise test chamber can be a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, so that the volume of the available space in the test chamber is ensured to meet the installation requirement of a ceramic toilet sample to be tested, the test chamber has water supply/drainage conditions required by a flushing function, and the static pressure of test water can be regulated and controlled; wherein, the background noise in the semi-silencing chamber is not more than A weighted 16dB, the acoustic condition of approximate free field above the reflecting surface can be provided, and the verification period is not more than 5 years; the background noise in the reverberation room is not more than 25dB of the weighting A, and the reverberation time is in the range of 5 s-6 s;
(5) in a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber meeting the requirements, positioning coordinates of each measuring point according to a microphone position array on the selected hemispherical measuring surface; simultaneously moving the tripod to a measuring point position and placing a sound level meter with related acoustic performance on a top tripod head of the tripod to ensure that the orientation of the microphone is the same as the sound wave incident angle when the microphone is calibrated and the microphone vertically points to a measuring surface;
(6) taking a complete normal flushing period as the integral time for collecting the sound level meter audio signals, and if the flushing period of the to-be-detected toilet sample is less than 20s, counting the integral time by 20 s; determination of cumulative percent time average sound pressure level L of background noise on selected hemispherical measurement surfaces using the A-weighted equivalent level of the sound level meter slow time weighted characteristic "SpAi(B)(10)And recording; continuously measuring for 3 times at each microphone position, and taking the arithmetic mean value as the sound pressure level measurement value of the background noise at the position; if the difference of the sound pressure levels measured 3 times at each position is greater than 0.5dB, re-measuring and recording;
(7) adjusting the test static pressure to 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, adjusting the water tank to the working water level line mark of the water tank, and flushing the water tank to enable the water seal of the toilet sample to be filled with water to a normal water level; then, the toilet cover plate is lifted, and the flushing device is started and counted according to the water consumption requirement to be measured and the normal modeWhen the current is over; taking a complete normal flushing period as the integral time of sound level meter audio signal collection, and if the flushing period of the toilet sample is less than 20s, the integral time is counted by 20 s; repeating N successive toilet samples at each microphone location on the hemispherical measurement surfaceeFor secondary flush operation, the A-weighted single event cumulative percentage time integrated sound pressure level L 'for the qth flush noise emission event at the corresponding location is determined using the A-weighted equivalent sound level fast time weighting characteristic "F" of the sound level meter'EAi,q(ST)(10)And recording, wherein each flushing cycle can be regarded as a separate noise emission event, q-1, 2, … NeAnd N iseNot less than 5; the static pressure, water usage and flush cycle for each flush were also recorded.
5. The method for detecting the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl according to claim 1, wherein the result evaluation is performed according to the following steps:
(1) according to the national environmental protection standard and the standard requirements of related products, the following grading judgment standards are adopted:
(2) when a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted, the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L is calculatedJA(10)Acoustic energy level L of the 3 samples in the groupJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
When 10%, a group of samples need to be extracted again to repeat the experiment; calculating the flushing noise cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L of the A-weighted equivalent acoustic level of the acoustic level meter under the specific static pressure condition by using the fast time weighting characteristic F of the acoustic level meter through a hemispherical measurement surface methodJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
If a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted to accumulate the percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)The acoustic energy level L is calculated by weighting the accumulated percentage of the flushing noise A of the two groups of 6 samplesJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
10% of the total weight is discarded; the residual toilet sample flushing noise A is taken to count the weight and the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
As the evaluation index of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet sample.
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