CN110160632B - Method for detecting flushing noise of ceramic toilet by sound energy level cylinder measuring surface method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a floor type ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise detection method, which comprises the following detection steps: installing and debugging a sample; determining a sound source reference body and a cylinder measuring surface; sound pressure level measurement; acoustic energy level calculation and background noise,Correcting the test environment and meteorological conditions; evaluating the result; it is characterized in that: cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L on cylinder measuring surfaceJA(10)Accurately and quantitatively detecting the represented flushing noise of the toilet; the invention provides for a succession of N at each microphone position of the cylinder measuring surfaceeCumulative percent time integrated sound pressure level L 'of single ones of flushing noise emission events'EAi,q(ST)(10)T、L′EAi,q(ST)(10)S(q＝1,2,…Ne；NeNot less than 5) and the cumulative percentage of background noise time-averaged sound pressure level LpAi(B)(10)T、LpAi(B)(10)SMeasuring, and calculating the sound energy level L in normal flushing periodJA(10)And provides the basis for evaluating the results. The invention fills the blank in the technical field of toilet bowl flushing noise detection, and can provide detection technical support for improving product quality and standardizing market order.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a noise quantitative test method, in particular to a method for measuring the cumulative percentage sound energy level L on the surface of a cylinder by applying the fast time weighting characteristic F of a weighting equivalent sound level of a sound level meter AJA(10)A method for detecting the flushing noise of a floor type ceramic pedestal pan belongs to the technical field of ceramic physical and chemical property detection.
Background
In recent years, toilets serve as basic civilian problems and important civilized windows, the construction quality of the toilets cannot be ignored, and along with the gradual increase of the use amount of floor type ceramic toilets in important civilian fields such as catering, tourism, home residence and the like and the enhancement of health and environmental awareness of people, the toilet flushing noise monitoring and prevention and control are increasingly concerned by all the social circles.
The noise generated in the flushing process of the toilet bowl belongs to the category of hydrodynamic noise, and is mainly composed of three parts, namely structural vibration noise of a pipeline, fluid noise of water and cavitation noise, and when a liquid medium in the pipeline passes through pipeline areas such as a pipeline elbow, a reducing pipe and the like, the pipeline forms mechanical vibration under the action of excitation force; the fluid noise is derived from the pressure and flow rate change of liquid and mainly comprises noise generated when water flows in a water ring of the toilet bowl, noise generated when the water rushes out of the water ring and falls on the inner wall of the toilet bowl, noise generated when the water flows on the inner wall of the toilet bowl, noise generated when the water rotates in the toilet bowl and noise generated when siphons are damaged in the later stage of pollution discharge; the fluid noise is the main source of the flushing noise of the toilet, and if water in the toilet ring flows through the water ring in the flushing process, the turbulent flow boundary layer generates turbulent flow pressure to cause flow-induced shell vibration and vortex radiation noise. In addition, in the later stage of siphon, the siphon effect is destroyed due to the air filling, the air at the periphery forms vortex, so that the pressure is suddenly changed to generate noise, and meanwhile, local negative pressure is easily formed due to the uneven distribution of the liquid flow rate in the flushing process, and cavitation noise is also formed. The noise has all characteristics of sound wave propagation, wherein the propagation characteristic closely related to the toilet bowl flushing noise test is the directivity of the sound wave, and the measuring point distribution needs to be reasonably set during actual measurement.
Through investigation, due to the deficiency of related testing technologies, the comparability of the detection result of the flushing noise of the toilet bowl is poor, and the quantitative verification is difficult. In 2015, the national Standard Commission GB 6952-2015 sanitary ceramics is published, and the allowed limit L of the flushing noise of the toilet bowl is specified50≤55dB、L1065dB or less, but whether the technical index is A weighted sound pressure level or sound power level is not explained; although the 8.6.8 article in the standard indicates that the toilet bowl flushing noise test method is carried out according to the requirements of GB/T3768 and 1996 'simple method for measuring the surface of the acoustic power level of the noise source by adopting an envelope measurement surface above a reflecting surface by an acoustic sound pressure method', the national standard GB/T3768 is used as an acoustic basic standard according to the standard GB/T14367, namely 'a basic standard use guide for measuring the acoustic power level of the acoustic noise source', the application range of the standard GB/T3768 is limited to provide a general principle for the compilation of the noise test specification expressed by the acoustic power level, only basic requirements for making various related noise test specifications under different environments and accuracy conditions are provided, and the specific technical requirements and method steps for noise measurement are not involved; the standard content is profound, abstract and obscure, so that the standard content is difficult to be directly applied to toilet bowl flushing noise detection.
At present, sanitary ceramics are listed in the field of quality improvement key products, the improvement of a standard system of a related quality inspection method is not slow, and the research and development of a ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise detection technology is trending. Therefore, in order to promote the quality of the toilet bowl product to be improved and fill up the short toilet plates which affect the quality of life of people; the invention has a definite practical significance for assisting the transformation and upgrading of the traditional ceramic industry in China due to the emergence of the patent technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for measuring the cumulative percentage sound energy level L on the surface of a cylinder by using the fast time weighting characteristic F of the A-weighted equivalent sound level of a sound level meterJA(10)The method for detecting the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl can solve the problems of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl and the accurate and quantitative test of the water inlet/drainage noise of the bathroom ceramic.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for detecting flushing noise of a floor type ceramic toilet bowl comprises the following steps: (1) installing and debugging a sample; (2) determining a sound source reference body and a cylinder measuring surface; (3) sound pressure level measurement; (4) calculating the sound energy level and correcting background noise, test environment and meteorological conditions; (5) evaluating the detection result; it is characterized by that it uses A weight of sound level meter to weight the quick time weight characteristic "F" of equivalent sound level to accumulate percentage sound energy level LJA(10)The console mode ceramic toilet of sign washes noise and carries out accurate quantitative determination, and is specific:
in sound pressure level measurement:
in a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, aiming at the installation requirement of a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample, determining the positioning of a sound source reference body under the condition of different reflection planes and calculating the characteristic dimension d of the sound source0(ii) a Selecting a cylinder measuring surface corresponding to the pedestal pan flushing noise source reference body and determining the size of the cylinder measuring surface, and determining the coordinates of the array of the positions of the sound transmitters on different measuring surfaces. The normal flushing cycle of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl is used as the integral time for collecting audio signals; determination of background noise on a measurement surface of a selected cylinder using a sound level meter A weighting a slow time weighting characteristic "S" of the equivalent sound levelCumulative percent time average sound pressure level LpAi(B)(10)T、LpAi(B)(10)S(ii) a Then starting a flushing device under the test static pressure condition of 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, and continuously repeating N times for the toilet sampleeAnd (5) performing secondary flushing operation. For different flushing water volume test requirements, the qth flushing noise emission event is determined at the ith microphone position on the selected cylinder measurement surface (each flushing cycle can be regarded as a separate noise emission event; q ═ 1,2, … Ne；NeNot less than 5) of A weight-counting single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level L'EAi,q(ST)(10)T、L′EAi,q(ST)(10)S；
In the acoustic energy level calculation:
according to the related concepts and calculation formulas in GB/T3767-2016, the background noise A measured by the sound level meter on the measuring surface of the selected cylinder is weighted to accumulate the percentage time average sound pressure level LpAi(B)(10)T、LpAi(B)(10)SAnd a succession of N at each microphone locationeQ-th (q-1, 2, … N) of flushing noise emission eventse；NeNot less than 5) of A weight-counting single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level L'EAi,q(ST)(10)T、L′EAi,q(ST)(10)SAs basic data, the mean value thereof is calculated
And L'Ei(ST)(10)T、L′Ei(ST)(10)S(ii) a Deducing to obtain continuous N on the measuring surface of the cylindereA weighted average of single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure levels for individual toilet bowl flushing noise emission events
And
correcting background noise, test environment and meteorological conditions; calculating the consecutive N on the measuring surface of a cylindereA-weighted single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level for individual toilet bowl flushing noise emission event
Obtaining the A weight cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L of the flushing noise of each sampleJA(10)And the average of the acoustic energy levels of the cumulative percentage weighted by the flushing noise A for each set of samples
Defining requirements for related data reduction and measurement uncertainty;
in the evaluation of the results:
when a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted, the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L is calculatedJA(10)Acoustic energy level L of the 3 samples in the groupJA(10)Arithmetic mean value
At 10%, re-extracting a group of samples to repeat the experiment; and calculating the slow time weighting characteristic S of equivalent sound level of the two groups of floor type ceramic pedestal pan samples by applying a sound level meter A to weight the equivalent sound level, and measuring the accumulated percentage sound energy level L of the flushing noise by a cylinder measuring surface methodJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
If a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted to accumulate the percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)The acoustic energy level L is calculated by weighting the accumulated percentage of the flushing noise A of the two groups of 6 samplesJA(10)Arithmetic mean value
10% of the total weight is discarded; the residual toilet sample flushing noise A is taken to count the weight and the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
As the evaluation index of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the advancement is as follows: in a semi-anechoic chamber or reverberation chamber acoustic environment, the flushing noise of a cylinder measuring surface microphone position array is measured by applying a modern precision instrument, namely a sound level meter, and the background noise is corrected. Considering that the toilet flushing mode is started in a transient process, the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L capable of correctly reflecting the influence of the toilet flushing mode on human psychology and physiology is adoptedJA(10)As subjective evaluation parameters; the detection technology has certain advancement, and achieves the modernization of the detection of the flushing noise of the ceramic toilet.
(2) Scientifically: based on the discontinuous characteristic of noise caused by liquid unstable state flow, aiming at the generation mechanism and the propagation path of the flushing noise of the toilet, establishing a cylinder measurement surface acoustic model according to the enveloping sound source test principle; comprehensively analyzing the influence of factors such as background noise, environment and meteorological conditions on the detection result, and using the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude measurement result L under the working pressure test condition of the civil building water supply pipelineJA(10)As a flushing noise evaluation index, the method accords with the actual use state of the floor type pedestal pan and the attention focus of consumers, and improves the scientificity of the detection method.
(3) Standardization: evaluating the test result according to the national environmental protection requirement and the product quality standard, and referring to the corresponding regulations in national acoustic basic standard GB/T3767-2016 in terms of technical requirements on instruments, sound source reference bodies, measurement surfaces, calculation formulas and the like; and provides a structure diagram of a suitable reference body and a cylinder measuring surface, simultaneously defines a series of key technical contents such as sample installation, measuring point coordinates, measuring steps, a calculation formula, uncertainty, result evaluation and the like, and can realize the quantification of the floor type ceramic toilet flushing noise detection result.
(4) The accuracy is as follows: a sound level meter with high automation degree and advanced and mature technology is used as test equipment, and the evaluation results of three ceramic toilet bowl samples are used as final judgment conclusions; selecting A weighting equivalence of the sound level meter in the normal flushing cycleFast time weighting characteristic of sound level "F" cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L of flushing noise measured by cylinder measuring surface methodJA(10)As a correlation result evaluation index; and influence factors such as background noise, test environment, meteorological conditions and the like are corrected, the accumulative effect of uncertainty in the measurement process is comprehensively judged, and measurement errors can be effectively avoided.
(5) The innovation is as follows: aiming at the influence of water supply pressure on the flushing noise of the toilet, the noise test requirements are met according to the pressure range of a water supply pipeline between floors of a civil building and under different flushing water quantities; selecting A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L of flushing noise on cylinder measuring surface in normal flushing period (half flushing or full flushing)JA(10)As a result evaluation index for each toilet sample; and the installation conditions of the sample and the debugging requirements of the water tank fittings are determined, the accuracy and the representativeness of the detection result are improved by limiting the measurement frequency and the data processing of the background noise and the flushing noise at the coordinates of each measuring point, and the blank in the prior related test technical field can be filled.
(6) Operability: the sound level price is cheap, the application is extensive, the sample installation, debugging and a series of experimental operations stipulated by the method of the invention are simple and easy to do; the method has the advantages that technical contents related to test parameters, measurement surfaces, measuring point arrays, test steps, calculation formulas, data processing, evaluation standards and the like are clearly and specifically described, related diagram illustrations are visual and accurate, and the method is easy to understand and master, so that the method has strong operability in the patent implementation process, and is beneficial to promotion of transfer and popularization of achievements.
(7) Universality: the method has stronger practicability and is beneficial to expanding the popularization and application in inspection, study, research and production fields; the device is beneficial to supporting the detection technology of the flushing noise of the ceramic toilet bowl to realize universality, and can provide reference for the flushing noise of squatting pans and urinals, the noise generated by other sanitary ceramic products such as wash basins, bidets and water inlet valves, the noise generated by products such as toilet water tank accessories and water supply/drainage pipelines in the using process and the detection technology research thereof.
Further, the preferred scheme of the invention is as follows:
the sample installation and debugging are carried out according to the following steps:
(1) 3 ceramic or stoneware floor type pedestal pan samples of the same type, specification and size produced by the same manufacturer and the same batch are taken as a group, and the internal structure of the pedestal pan sample is of a rushing type or a siphon type;
(2) preparing a flushing water tank and water tank fittings which meet the requirement of rated water consumption, and a seat ring, a cover plate and a flange which are suitable for the size (for a toilet sample with a rear-discharge type drainage mode, the drainage mode of the toilet sample is adjusted from the rear-discharge type to a lower-discharge type by using the flange with the suitable size), and debugging the water tank water supply system of the toilet sample to be tested according to the standard debugging program of the water tank type toilet test water supply system specified in GB 6952 and 2015; the working water level of the flushing water tank can meet the requirement of a normal flushing process, and the nominal water consumption is equal to the actual water consumption;
(3) assembling a corresponding flushing device and a corresponding water inlet pipe for a to-be-tested pedestal pan sample according to installation instructions of a production plant, performing a connection sealing test according to the 8.11 th regulation in GB 6952-;
(4) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample which is not close to any wall during installation, if the test is carried out in an acoustic environment similar to a free field above a reflecting surface of a semi-anechoic chamber, the sample to be tested can be directly placed in the center of the ground and the normal flushing function of the sample to be tested is ensured. If the test is carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample is placed on the ground, the distance between the sample and any wall is not less than 1.0m, and the normal flushing function is ensured;
(5) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample arranged close to a wall, the sample can be tested in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface of the sample and the reflection surface of the close vertical wall is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other three walls in the chamber is ensured to be not less than 1.5 m; meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured;
(6) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample arranged close to a corner, the test can be carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface and the side surface of the sample and two adjacent vertical wall reflecting surfaces is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other two walls in the room is not less than 1.5 m; and meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured.
The sound source reference body and the cylinder measuring surface are determined according to the following steps:
(1) determination of the pedestal pan flushing noise source reference shape and size: in reference to the related specification of item 7.1 in GB/T3767-. Taking the horizontal length of a toilet sample as the length l of a sound source reference body1And the width l of the sound source reference body is the horizontal width of the flushing water tank2And the vertical distance from the water tank working water level line to the ground is used as the height l of the sound source reference body3(ii) a Characteristic dimension d of sound source reference body corresponding to different test environment conditions0Are respectively [ (l)1/2)2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2(a reflection plane), [ l [ ]1 2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2(two reflection planes) and [ l1 2+l2 2+l3 2]1/2(three reflection planes) in meters (m);
(2) determination of the cylinder measurement surface and its microphone position array: according to the relevant provisions of items 7.2.5 and 8.1.3 of the GB/T3767-1And d2Measured distance to the top surface of the reference body is d3. The total area S of the measuring surface of the cylinder is the area S of the top horizontal planeTArea S perpendicular to the sidesSum of radius of cylinderR＝l1/2+d1＝l2/2+d2High h iss＝l3+d3(ii) a In the formula I1、l2And l3Respectively, the length, width and height of the reference body, wherein1≥l2，d1＝d3＝1.0m，d2＝R-l2/2；d1≤1.5d2And d is1≤1.5d3，d2≤1.5d1And d is2≤1.5d3，d3≤1.5d1And d is3≤1.5d2(ii) a The unit is meter (m). If the floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample to be measured is positioned on a reflecting plane when being installed, the measuring surface is a complete cylinder, and the area S of the side vertical surface of the measuring surface is a complete cylinders＝2πRhsArea of the top horizontal plane ST＝πR2. The position coordinates (x, y, z) of the 1 st to 20 th microphones on the side surface are (-R,0,9 h)s/10)、(-R,0,7hs/10)、(-R,0,5hs/10)、(-R,0,3hs/10)、(-R,0,hs/10)、(R,0,9hs/10)、(R,0,7hs/10)、(R,0,5hs/10)、(R,0,3hs/10)、(R,0,hs/10)、(0,-R,9hs/10)、(0,R,9hs/10)、(0,-R,7hs/10)、(0,R,7hs/10)、(0,-R,5hs/10)、(0,R,5hs/10)、(0,-R,5hs/10)、(0,R,5hs/10)、(0,-R,3hs/10)、(0,R,3hs/10)、(0,-R,hs/10)、(0,R,hs10); the position coordinates (x, y, z) of the 1 st to 16 th microphones on the top surface are respectively (0,7R/8, h)s)、(0,5R/8,hs)、(0,3R/8,hs)、(0,R/8,hs)、(7R/8,0,hs)、(5R/8,0,hs)、(3R/8,0,hs)、(R/8,0,hs)、(0,-7R/8,hs)、(0,-5R/8,hs)、(0,-3R/8,hs)、(0,-R/8,hs)、(-7R/8,0,hs)、(-5R/8,0,hs)、(-3R/8,0,hs)、(-R/8,0,hs). If the sample of the toilet bowl to be measured is arranged close to the two reflecting planes when being installed, the measuring surface is 1/2 cylinder, and the area S of the side vertical surface of the cylinders＝πRhsArea of the top horizontal plane ST＝πR2/2 (length of sound source reference body l1I.e. the distance from the wall to the front face of the respective reference body); the position coordinates (x, y, z) of the 1 st to 15 th microphones on the side surface are respectively (0, -R,9 h)s/10)、(0,-R,7hs/10)、(0,-R,5hs/10)、(0,-R,3hs/10)、(0,-R,hs/10)、
The position coordinates (x, y, z) of the 1 st to 9 th microphones on the top surface are respectively
(R/8,0,hs)、
(R/2,0,hs)、
(7R/8,0,hs)、
If the sample of the toilet bowl to be measured is arranged to be closely adjacent to the three reflection planes when being installed, the measuring surface is 1/4 cylinders, and the area S of the vertical surface of the side part of the cylinders＝πRhs/2, area of the top horizontal plane ST＝πR2/4 (length of reference body l)1And width l2I.e. the distance from the two walls to the opposite face of the respective reference body). The position coordinates (x, y, z) of the 1 st to 10 th microphones on the side surface are respectively
The position coordinates (x, y, z) of the 1 st to 6 th microphones on the top surface are respectively
The sound pressure level measurement is carried out according to the following steps:
except that 1 toilet sample to be tested, a tripod and other necessary experimental appliances are reserved, all other articles in the testing chamber are removed, and no redundant personnel are required to be present; the experimental operator must not wear clothing with significant sound absorption characteristics; measuring and recording the air temperature and the atmospheric pressure in the test chamber by using a thermometer and a barometer which are qualified by verification;
(2) before a toilet sample is subjected to a flushing noise test, the dimension l of the toilet sample is measured by using a steel ruler and a square ruler1、l2、l3And recording; according to the number of reflecting planes involved in the sample installation mode, determining the space positioning of the sound source reference body and calculating the characteristic dimension d of the sound source reference body0(ii) a Selecting a suitable cylinder enveloping the sound source measurement surface and calculating the top horizontal plane radius R and the side vertical plane height h thereofs(ii) a Calculating and recording coordinates of each measuring point according to the microphone position array on the measuring surface of the selected cylinder;
(3) the sound level meter used for measurement is required to meet the requirement of a 1-type instrument in GB/T3785.1-2010, and the verification period is not more than 2 years; the filter meets the requirements of a type 1 instrument in IEC 61260:1995, and the calibration period does not exceed 1 year. Before the test is started and after the test is finished, verifying the test on one or more frequencies in the measuring frequency range of the sound level meter by using a sound calibrator meeting the requirement of the level 1 accuracy in GB/T15173; the difference of the readings is not more than 0.5 dB;
(4) the toilet flushing noise test chamber can be a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, so that the available indoor space volume is ensured to meet the installation requirement of a toilet sample to be tested, the toilet flushing noise test chamber has water supply/drainage conditions required by a flushing function, and the hydrostatic pressure for a test can be regulated and controlled; the background noise in the semi-silencing chamber is not more than 16dB (A), the acoustic condition similar to a free field above a reflecting surface can be provided, and the verification period is not more than 5 years; background noise in the reverberation room is not more than 25dB (A), and reverberation time is 5 s-6 s;
(5) in the test chamber, positioning coordinates of each measuring point according to a microphone position array on the measuring surface of the selected cylinder; simultaneously moving the tripod to a measuring point position and placing a sound level meter with related acoustic performance on a top tripod head of the tripod to ensure that the orientation of the microphone is the same as the sound wave incident angle when the microphone is calibrated and the microphone vertically points to a measuring surface;
(6) taking a complete normal flushing cycle (half flushing or full flushing) as the integral time of sound level meter audio signal acquisition, and if the flushing cycle of the to-be-detected toilet sample is less than 20s, counting the integral time by 20 s; determination of cumulative percent time-averaged sound pressure level L of background noise on top horizontal and side vertical measurement surfaces of selected cylinders using the A-weighted equivalent level of the sound level meter' S slow time-weighted characteristic "S" for the sound level meterpAi(B)(10)TAnd LpAi(B)(10)SAnd recording; the measurements were taken 3 times in succession at each microphone location, and the arithmetic mean was taken as the sound pressure level measurement of the background noise at that location. If the difference of the sound pressure levels measured 3 times at each position is greater than 0.5dB, re-measuring and recording;
(7) adjusting the test static pressure to 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, adjusting the water tank to the working water level line mark of the water tank, and flushing the water tank to enable the water seal of the toilet sample to be filled with water to a normal water level; then, lifting the toilet cover plate, starting the flushing device according to the requirement of the water consumption to be measured and timing in a normal mode; the sound level meter audio signal is collected as an integral time in a complete normal flush cycle (half flush or full flush), and if the flush cycle of the toilet sample is less than 20s, the integral time is counted in 20 s. Repeating N successive toilet samples at each microphone location on the top horizontal measurement surface and the side vertical measurement surface of the cylindereFor sub-flush operation, the q-th flush noise emission event (each flush cycle can be considered as a single event) is determined separately at the corresponding location using the A-weighted equivalent level fast time weighting characteristic "F" of the sound level meterA noise-only emission event; q is 1,2, … Ne；NeNot less than 5) of A weight-counting single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level L'EAi,q(ST)(10)TAnd L'EAi,q(ST)(10)SAnd recording; the static pressure, water usage and flush cycle for each flush were also recorded.
The acoustic energy magnitude calculation is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) selecting a calculation formula: on the basis of referring to relevant requirements in GB/T3767-2016, the calculation formula of the involved acoustic parameters is defined as follows:
if Δ LEA(10)If the noise is more than 15dB, the background noise correction is not needed; if the value of Delta L is less than or equal to 6dBEA(10)And (5) correcting according to the formula (10) if the value is less than or equal to 15 dB.
K1A＝-10lg(1-10-0.1△LEA(10))……………………………………………………(10)
K2A＝l0lg(l+4S/A)……………………………………………………………(11)
When K is2AWhen the power is less than or equal to 4dB, the measurement made according to the method is effective; wherein, the calculation formulas of the sound absorption quantity of the half anechoic chamber and the reverberation chamber are respectively as follows:
A＝α·Sν…………………………………………………………………………(12)
A＝0.16V/Tn……………………………………………………………………(13)
LJA ref,atm(10)＝LJA(10)+C1+C2………………………………………………………(18)
in the formula:
L′EAi(ST)(10)T-measuring the surface at the ith microphone position N at the top of the cylindereTThe average of the time-integrated sound pressure levels of the secondary measured cumulative percentage of single events of the flushing noise in decibels (dB);
NeTmeasurement number of single wash noise emission events at microphone positions on the measurement surface at the top of the cylinder (N)eT≥5)；
L′EAi,q(ST)(10)T-the q-th event of the wash noise measured at the ith microphone position of the measuring surface at the top of the cylinder (q-1, 2, … Ne；NeGreater than or equal to 5) cumulative percent time integrated sound pressure level in decibels (dB);
L′EAi(ST)(10)S-measuring the surface at the ith microphone position N on the side of the cylindereSThe average of the cumulative percentage time-integrated sound pressure levels of the sub-measured irrigation noise single event in decibels (dB);
NeSmeasurement of the number of individual flushing noise emission events at microphone positions on the measurement surface at the side of the cylinder (N)eS≥5)；
L′EAi,q(ST)(10)SThe qth event of the wash noise measured at the ith microphone position on the cylinder side measurement surface (q ═ 1,2, … Ne；NeGreater than or equal to 5) cumulative percent time integrated sound pressure level in decibels (dB);
NMT-measuring the number of surface microphone positions at the top of the cylinder;
NMS-the number of surface microphone positions is measured at the side of the cylinder;
STthe area of the surface measured at the top of the cylinder, in square meters (m)2)；
SSThe area of the surface measured at the side of the cylinder, in square meters (m)2)；
LpAi(B)(10)T-the cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level in decibels (dB) of the background noise measured at the ith microphone location on the measurement surface at the top of the cylinder;
LpAi(B)(10)S-during a normal flush cycle, measuring the cumulative percentage of background noise measured at the ith microphone position on the lateral measurement surface of the cylinder, time averaged sound pressure level in decibels (dB);
K1A-a background noise correction value;
K2A-testing the environmental correction value;
s-area of cylinder measuring surface, unit is square meter (m)2)；
A-equivalent sound absorption area in square meters (m) of room at 1kHz frequency in test chamber2)；
alpha-A weighted average sound absorption coefficient of the surface of a test room, and the numerical range is shown in A.1 in GB/T3767-2016;
Sνtotal area of the test Room boundary (wall, floor, ceiling) in square meters (m)2)；
V-test Room volume in cubic meters (m)3)；
Tn-measured a weight or frequency band reverberation time in seconds(s);
LJA(10)under the test site and corresponding meteorological conditions, measuring the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of the flushing noise in decibels (dB) by applying a cylinder measurement surface method to each toilet sample in a normal flushing period;
S0＝1m2；
C1-testing a function of the air characteristic impedance under meteorological conditions of time and place;
C2-converting the actual acoustic energy under meteorological conditions relative to the test time and place into a radiation impedance modification value of the acoustic energy under standard meteorological conditions;
ps-atmospheric pressure at the test time and location in kilopascals (kPa);
ps,0-standard atmospheric pressure, 101.325 kPa;
θ — air temperature at test time and site in degrees Celsius (C.);
θ0＝314K；
θ1＝296K；
LJA ref,atm(10)-under standard meteorological conditions at atmospheric pressure 101.325kPa and temperature 23.0 ℃, the a-weighted cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of the flushing noise of each toilet sample is measured in decibels (dB);
LJA(10)1、LJA(10)2、LJA(10)3-a weight cumulative percentage acoustic energy level of flushing noise in decibels (dB) for each group of toilet samples;
LJA ref,atm(10)1、LJA ref,atm(10)2、LJA ref,atm(10)3-under standard meteorological conditions at atmospheric pressure 101.325kPa, temperature 23.0 ℃ each groupA weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of toilet sample flushing noise, unit is decibel (dB);
(2) data reduction requirements: n consecutive measured at the ith microphone position on the top and side measuring surfaces of the cylindereQ-th (q-1, 2, … N) of toilet bowl flushing noise emission eventse；NeNot less than 5) of A weight-counting single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level L'EAi,q(ST)(10)T、L′EAi,q(ST)(10)SAnd its mean value L'Ei(ST)(10)T、L′Ei(ST)(10)SA weighted cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level L with background noisepAi(B)(10)T、LpAi(B)(10)SReserving a valid number after the decimal point; successive N measured on respective measuring surfaces of the cylindereA weighted average of single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure levels for individual toilet bowl flushing noise emission events
And its A weighted cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)A-weighted cumulative percent time average sound pressure level average of background noise
Taking an integer from the calculation result of (1);
(3) measurement uncertainty: the patent method specifies the repeatability standard deviation sigma of the measurement result of the floor type ceramic toilet flushing noise A weighting single event accumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level on the surface of the cylinder measurementomcThe upper limit value is not more than 1.5 dB. Referring to the relevant contents in the standard GB/T3767-2016, in a complete normal flushing period, the same experiment personnel uses the same sound level meter to measure the average value of the A weighted single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level on the surface of the same cylinder selected by the same floor type ceramic toilet bowl sample at the same installation position
6 repeated measurements were carried out (each time the toilet sample had to be re-fitted)Mounting and adjusting positioning), and performing background noise correction on the measurement result. Standard deviation of repeatability σomcThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula:
6. The method for detecting the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl according to claim 1, wherein the result evaluation is performed according to the following steps:
(1) according to the national environmental protection standard and the product standard requirement, the following grading judgment standards are adopted:
(2) When a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted, the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L is calculatedJA(10)Acoustic energy level L of the 3 samples in the groupJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
At 10%, re-extracting a group of samples to repeat the experiment; calculating the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L of the flushing noise of the front and the rear groups of toilet samples measured by a cylinder measuring surface method by using a sound level meterJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
If a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted to accumulate the percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)The acoustic energy level L is calculated by weighting the accumulated percentage of the flushing noise A of the two groups of 6 samplesJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
10% of the total weight is discarded; the residual toilet sample flushing noise A is taken to count the weight and the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
As the evaluation index of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet sample.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source reference body on a reflection plane in the present invention;
in the figure: d0-the characteristic size of the sound source, m; l1-length of reference body, m; l2-width of the reference body, m; l3-height of the reference body, m; o-origin of coordinates;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source reference body on two reflection planes in the present invention;
in the figure: d0-the characteristic size of the sound source, m; l1-length of reference body, m; l2-width of the reference body, m; l3-height of the reference body, m; o-origin of coordinates;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source reference body on three reflection planes in the present invention;
in the figure: d0-the characteristic size of the sound source, m; l1-width of the reference body, m; l2-width of the reference body, m; l3-height of the reference body, m; o-origin of coordinates;
FIG. 4 is a cylinder side vertical measurement surface of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source on a reflection plane and its microphone location array in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure: ● microphone position
(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20)；hs-the height of the cylinder measuring surface; r is the radius of the circular surface at the top of the cylinder;
FIG. 5 is a cylinder top level measurement surface of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source on a reflecting plane and its microphone location array in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure: ● — microphone location (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15, 16); r-radius of the horizontal measuring surface at the top of the cylinder;
FIG. 6 is an 1/2 cylinder side vertical measurement surface of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source on two reflection planes and its microphone location array in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure: ● — microphone location (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14, 15); h iss-1/2 cylinder measuring surface height; radius of the rounded surface of the top 1/2 of the R-1/2 cylinder;
FIG. 7 is an 1/2 cylinder top level measurement surface of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source with its microphone location array on two reflection planes in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure: ● -microphone location (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8, 9); the radius of the surface is measured horizontally at the top of the R-1/2 cylinder.
FIG. 8 is an 1/4 cylinder side vertical measurement surface of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source on three reflection planes and its microphone location array in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure: ● -microphone location (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, 10); h iss-1/4 cylinder measuring surface height; radius of the rounded surface of the top 1/4 of the R-1/4 cylinder;
FIG. 9 is an 1/4 cylinder top level measurement surface of a floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise source with its microphone location array on three reflection planes in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure: ● -microphone position (1,2,3,4, 5); radius of the horizontal measuring surface of the top of the R-1/4 cylinder;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and preferred embodiments so that the advantages and features of the invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the scope of the invention is more clearly and clearly defined.
In the embodiment, the flushing noise detection of a floor type ceramic toilet bowl product which is produced in the northriver Tangshan and has an internal structure of a jet siphon type and has the nominal water consumption of 6L and 3L respectively under the condition of full flushing water consumption is taken as an example for explanation.
The specific detection method comprises the following steps:
(1) sample installation conditions and commissioning requirements
1.1 sample number, Specification
3 ceramic or stoneware floor type pedestal pan samples of the same type, specification and size produced by the same manufacturer and the same batch are taken as a group, the internal structure of the pedestal pan sample can be of a flushing type or a siphon type, and a flushing water tank and other gravity flushing devices (a single flushing type or a double flushing type) are used.
1.2 sample mounting
The toilet bowl is provided with a flushing water tank and toilet bowl water tank accessories which meet the requirement of rated water consumption, and is provided with a seat ring, a cover plate and a flange which are suitable for the size (for a toilet bowl sample with a rear discharge type drainage mode, the drainage mode of the toilet bowl sample is adjusted from the rear discharge type to the lower discharge type by using the flange with the suitable size). Debugging the water tank water supply system of the toilet sample to be tested according to the standardized debugging program of the water tank type toilet test water supply system specified in the No. 8.8.2.1 in GB 6952-2015, wherein the relevant requirements are met; the working water level of the flushing water tank can meet the requirement of a normal flushing process, and the nominal water consumption is equal to the actual water consumption.
1.3 connection tightness test
According to the installation explanation of a production plant, a corresponding flushing device and a corresponding water inlet pipe are assembled for a to-be-tested pedestal pan sample, a connection sealing performance test is carried out according to the 8.11 th regulation in GB 6952-.
1.4 sample positioning
1.4.1 for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample which is not close to any wall when being installed, if the test is carried out in an acoustic environment which is similar to a free field above a reflecting surface of a semi-anechoic chamber, the sample to be tested can be directly placed in the center of the ground and the normal flushing function of the sample to be tested is ensured. If the test is performed in a rigid wall chamber or a dedicated reverberation chamber, the sample is placed on the ground at a distance of no less than 1.0m from either wall while ensuring proper flushing.
1.4.2 for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample installed close to a wall, testing can be carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface of the sample and the reflection surface of the close vertical wall is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other three walls in the room is ensured to be not less than 1.5 m; and meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured.
1.4.3 for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample installed near a corner, the test can be carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface and the side surface of the sample and two adjacent vertical wall reflection surfaces is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other two walls in the room is not less than 1.5 m; and meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured.
(2) Determination of acoustic reference body and cylinder measuring surface
2.1 shape and size of pedestal pan flushing noise Source reference body
Referring to the relevant provisions of item 7.1 in GB/T3767-2016 engineering method for measuring sound power level of noise source and approximate free field above sound energy level reflecting surface by acoustic sound pressure method, for three different sample installation methods 1.4.1-1.4.3 in the embodiment, the corresponding structures of the flushing noise source reference body are respectively shown in FIGS. 1-3. The center of a box body formed by a sound source reference body and a mirror image of the sound source reference body on an adjacent reflecting plane is used as a coordinate origin O, and horizontal axes x and y are respectively parallel to the length and the width of the reference body. Taking the horizontal length of a toilet sample as the length l of a sound source reference body1And the width l of the sound source reference body is the horizontal width of the flushing water tank2And the vertical distance from the water tank working water level line to the ground is used as the height l of the sound source reference body3(ii) a Characteristic dimension d of sound source reference body corresponding to different test environment conditions0Are respectively [ (l)1/2)2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2(a reflection plane), [ l [ ]1 2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2(two reflection planes) and [ l1 2+l2 2+l3 2]1/2(three reflection planes) in meters (m).
2.2 selection of the measuring surface of the cylinder and determination of the microphone position array
According to the relevant provisions of items 7.2.5 and 8.1.3 of the GB/T3767-1And d2Measured distance to the top surface of the reference body is d3. The total area S of the measuring surface of the cylinder being the top horizontal planeArea STArea S perpendicular to the sidesSum of radius R ═ l of cylinder1/2+d1＝l2/2+d2High h iss＝l3+d3(ii) a In the formula I1、l2And l3Respectively, the length, width and height of the reference body, wherein1≥l2，d1＝d3＝1.0m，d2＝R-l2/2；d1≤1.5d2And d is1≤1.5d3，d2≤1.5d1And d is2≤1.5d3，d3≤1.5d1And d is3≤1.5d2(ii) a The unit is meter (m).
2.2.1 if the floor standing ceramic lavatory sample to be measured is positioned according to item 1.4.1 in this example when installed, the measurement surface is a complete cylinder whose lateral vertical surfaces have an area Ss＝2πRhsArea of the top horizontal plane ST＝πR2(ii) a The measuring surface and the microphone position array are shown in fig. 4 and 5, and the position coordinates (x, y, z) of the 1 st to 20 th microphones on the side surface are (-R,0,9 h)s/10)、(-R,0,7hs/10)、(-R,0,5hs/10)、(-R,0,3hs/10)、(-R,0,hs/10)、(R,0,9hs/10)、(R,0,7hs/10)、(R,0,5hs/10)、(R,0,3hs/10)、(R,0,hs/10)、(0,-R,9hs/10)、(0,R,9hs/10)、(0,-R,7hs/10)、(0,R,7hs/10)、(0,-R,5hs/10)、(0,R,5hs/10)、(0,-R,5hs/10)、(0,R,5hs/10)、(0,-R,3hs/10)、(0,R,3hs/10)、(0,-R,hs/10)、(0,R,hs10); the position coordinates (x, y, z) of the 1 st to 16 th microphones on the top surface are respectively (0,7R/8, h)s)、(0,5R/8,hs)、(0,3R/8,hs)、(0,R/8,hs)、(7R/8,0,hs)、(5R/8,0,hs)、(3R/8,0,hs)、(R/8,0,hs)、(0,-7R/8,hs)、(0,-5R/8,hs)、(0,-3R/8,hs)、(0,-R/8,hs)、(-7R/8,0,hs)、(-5R/8,0,hs)、(-3R/8,0,hs)、(-R/8,0,hs)。。
2.2.2 if the floor standing ceramic lavatory sample to be tested is positioned according to item 1.4.2 in this example when installed, the measurement surface is 1/2 cylinders, the area S of the vertical side surface thereof is 1/2 cylinderss＝πRhsArea of the top horizontal plane ST＝πR2/2 (length of sound source reference body l1I.e. the distance from the wall to the front face of the respective reference body); the measuring surface and the microphone position array are shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, and the position coordinates (x, y, z) of the 1 st to 15 th microphones on the side surface are (0, -R,9 h) respectivelys/10)、(0,-R,7hs/10)、(0,-R,5hs/10)、(0,-R,3hs/10)、(0,-R,hs/10)、
The position coordinates (x, y, z) of the 1 st to 9 th microphones on the top surface are respectively
(R/8,0,hs)、
(R/2,0,hs)、
(7R/8,0,hs)、
2.2.3 if the floor standing ceramic lavatory sample to be measured is positioned according to item 1.4.3 in this example when installed, the measurement surface is 1/4 cylinders, the area S of the vertical side surface thereofs＝πRhs/2, area of the top horizontal plane ST＝πR2/4 (length of reference body l)1And width l2I.e. the distance from the two walls to the opposite face of the respective reference body); the measuring surface and the microphone position array thereof are shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, and the position coordinates (x, y, z) of the 1 st to 10 th microphones on the side surface are respectively
The position coordinates (x, y, z) of the 1 st to 6 th microphones on the top surface are respectively
(3) Sound pressure level measurement
3.1 except that 1 toilet sample to be tested and necessary experimental apparatus such as a tripod are kept, all other articles in the testing chamber are removed, and no redundant personnel are required to be present; the experimental operator must not wear clothing with significant sound absorption characteristics; the air temperature and atmospheric pressure in the test chamber were measured and recorded using certified thermometers and barometers.
3.2 before the flush noise test of the sample of the toilet, the dimension l is measured by a steel ruler and a square ruler1、l2、l3And recording; according to the number of reflecting planes involved in the sample installation mode, determining the space positioning of the sound source reference body and calculating the characteristic dimension d of the sound source reference body0(ii) a Selecting a suitable cylinder enveloping the sound source measurement surface and calculating the top horizontal plane radius R and the side vertical plane height h thereofs(ii) a And calculating and recording coordinates of each measuring point according to the microphone position array of the measuring surface of the selected cylinder.
3.3 the sound level meter used for measurement is in accordance with the requirement of a 1-type instrument in GB/T3785.1-2010, and the verification period is not more than 2 years; the filter meets the requirements of a type 1 instrument in IEC 61260:1995, and the calibration period does not exceed 1 year. Before the test is started and after the test is finished, verifying the test on one or more frequencies in the measuring frequency range of the sound level meter by using a sound calibrator meeting the requirement of the level 1 accuracy in GB/T15173; the difference in readings is no greater than 0.5 dB.
3.4 the toilet flushing noise test chamber can be a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, so that the available indoor space volume meets the installation requirement of the toilet sample to be tested, the toilet flushing noise test chamber has the water supply/drainage condition required by the flushing function, and the hydrostatic pressure for the test can be regulated and controlled; the background noise in the semi-silencing chamber is not more than 16dB (A), the acoustic condition similar to a free field above a reflecting surface can be provided, and the verification period is not more than 5 years; background noise in the reverberation room is not more than 25dB (A), and reverberation time is 5 s-6 s.
3.5 in the test chamber, positioning coordinates of each measuring point according to the microphone position array on the measuring surface of the selected cylinder; simultaneously, the tripod is moved to a measuring point position, a sound level meter with relevant acoustic performance is placed on a top tripod head of the tripod, and the microphone is ensured to be oriented to have the same sound wave incidence angle when being calibrated and point to the measuring surface vertically.
3.6 taking a complete normal flushing cycle (half flushing or full flushing) as the integral time of sound level meter audio signal acquisition, if the flushing cycle of the to-be-detected toilet sample is less than 20s, the integral time is counted in 20 s; determination of cumulative percent time-averaged sound pressure level L of background noise on top horizontal and side vertical measurement surfaces of selected cylinders using the A-weighted equivalent level of the sound level meter' S slow time-weighted characteristic "S" for the sound level meterpAi(B)(10)TAnd LpAi(B)(10)SAnd recording; the measurements were taken 3 times in succession at each microphone location, and the arithmetic mean was taken as the sound pressure level measurement of the background noise at that location. If the difference between the sound pressure levels measured 3 times at each location is greater than 0.5dB, the measurements are re-measured and recorded.
3.7 adjusting the static pressure of the test to 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, adjusting the water tank to the working water level line mark of the water tank, and flushing the water tank to ensure that the water seal of the toilet sample is filled with water to a normal water level; then, lifting the toilet cover plate, starting the flushing device according to the requirement of the water consumption to be measured and timing in a normal mode; the sound level meter audio signal is collected as an integral time in a complete normal flush cycle (half flush or full flush), and if the flush cycle of the toilet sample is less than 20s, the integral time is counted in 20 s.Repeating N successive toilet samples at each microphone location on the top horizontal measurement surface and the side vertical measurement surface of the cylindereSub-flush operation, the q-th flush noise emission event at the corresponding location is determined using the a-weighted equivalent sound level fast time weighting characteristic "F" of the sound level meter (each flush cycle can be considered as a separate noise emission event; q-1, 2, … Ne；NeNot less than 5) of A weight-counting single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level L'EAi,q(ST)(10)TAnd L'EAi,q(ST)(10)SAnd recording; the static pressure, water usage and flush cycle for each flush were also recorded.
(4) Calculation of results
4.1 selection of calculation formula: the calculation formula of the acoustic parameters is defined as follows based on reference to the relevant requirements in GB/T3767-:
if Δ LEA(10)If the noise is more than 15dB, the background noise correction is not needed; if the value of Delta L is less than or equal to 6dBEA(10)And (5) correcting according to the formula (10) if the value is less than or equal to 15 dB.
K1A＝-10lg(1-10-0.1△LEA(10))……………………………………………………(10)
K2A＝l0lg(l+4S/A)………………………………………………………………(11)
When K is2AWhen the power is less than or equal to 4dB, the measurement made according to the method is effective; wherein, the calculation formulas of the sound absorption quantity of the half anechoic chamber and the reverberation chamber are respectively as follows:
A＝α·Sν…………………………………………………………………………(12)
A＝0.16V/Tn………………………………………………………………………(13)
LJA ref,atm(10)＝LJA(10)+C1+C2………………………………………………………(18)
in the formula:
L′EAi(ST)(10)T-measuring the surface at the ith microphone position N at the top of the cylindereTThe average of the time-integrated sound pressure levels of the secondary measured cumulative percentage of single events of the flushing noise in decibels (dB);
NeTmeasurement number of single wash noise emission events at microphone positions on the measurement surface at the top of the cylinder (N)eT≥5)；
L′EAi,q(ST)(10)T-the q-th event of the wash noise measured at the ith microphone position of the measuring surface at the top of the cylinder (q-1, 2, … Ne；NeGreater than or equal to 5) cumulative percent time integrated sound pressure level in decibels (dB);
L′EAi(ST)(10)S-measuring the surface at the ith microphone position N on the side of the cylindereSThe average of the cumulative percentage time-integrated sound pressure levels of the sub-measured irrigation noise single event in decibels (dB);
NeSmeasurement of the number of individual flushing noise emission events at microphone positions on the measurement surface at the side of the cylinder (N)eS≥5)；
L′EAi,q(ST)(10)SThe qth event of the wash noise measured at the ith microphone position on the cylinder side measurement surface (q ═ 1,2, … Ne；NeGreater than or equal to 5) cumulative percent time integrated sound pressure level in decibels (dB);
NMT-measuring the number of surface microphone positions at the top of the cylinder;
NMS-the number of surface microphone positions is measured at the side of the cylinder;
STthe area of the surface measured at the top of the cylinder, in square meters (m)2)；
SSThe area of the surface measured at the side of the cylinder, in square meters (m)2)；
LpAi(B)(10)T-the cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level in decibels (dB) of the background noise measured at the ith microphone location on the measurement surface at the top of the cylinder;
LpAi(B)(10)S-during a normal flush cycle, measuring the cumulative percentage of background noise measured at the ith microphone position on the lateral measurement surface of the cylinder, time averaged sound pressure level in decibels (dB);
K1A-a background noise correction value;
K2A-testing the environmental correction value;
s-area of cylinder measuring surface, unit is square meter (m)2)；
A-equivalent sound absorption area in square meters (m) of room at 1kHz frequency in test chamber2)；
alpha-A weighted average sound absorption coefficient of the surface of a test room, and the numerical range is shown in A.1 in GB/T3767-2016;
Sνtotal area of the test Room boundary (wall, floor, ceiling) in square meters (m)2)；
V-test Room volume in cubic meters (m)3)；
Tn-measured a weight or frequency band reverberation time in seconds(s);
LJA(10)under the test site and corresponding meteorological conditions, measuring the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of the flushing noise in decibels (dB) by applying a cylinder measurement surface method to each toilet sample in a normal flushing period;
S0＝1m2；
C1-testing a function of the air characteristic impedance under meteorological conditions of time and place;
C2-converting the actual acoustic energy under meteorological conditions relative to the test time and place into a radiation impedance modification value of the acoustic energy under standard meteorological conditions;
ps-atmospheric pressure at the test time and location in kilopascals (kPa);
ps,0-standard atmospheric pressure, 101.325 kPa;
θ — air temperature at test time and site in degrees Celsius (C.);
θ0＝314K；
θ1＝296K；
LJA ref,atm(10)-under standard meteorological conditions at atmospheric pressure 101.325kPa and temperature 23.0 ℃, the a-weighted cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of the flushing noise of each toilet sample is measured in decibels (dB);
LJA(10)1、LJA(10)2、LJA(10)3-a weight cumulative percentage acoustic energy level of flushing noise in decibels (dB) for each group of toilet samples;
LJA ref,atm(10)1、LJA ref,atm(10)2、LJA ref,atm(10)3under the standard meteorological conditions of the atmospheric pressure of 101.325kPa and the temperature of 23.0 ℃, the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of the flushing noise of each group of toilet bowl samples is in decibels (dB).
4.2 data reduction requirements: n consecutive measured at the ith microphone position on the top and side measuring surfaces of the cylindereQ-th (q-1, 2, … N) of toilet bowl flushing noise emission eventse；NeNot less than 5) of A weight-counting single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level L'EAi,q(ST)(10)T、L′EAi,q(ST)(10)SAnd its mean value L'Ei(ST)(10)T、L′Ei(ST)(10)SA weighted cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level L with background noisepAi(B)(10)T、LpAi(B)(10)SReserving a valid number after the decimal point; successive N measured on respective measuring surfaces of the cylindereA weighted average of single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure levels for individual toilet bowl flushing noise emission events
And its A weighted cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)A-weighted cumulative percent time average sound pressure level average of background noise
The calculation result of (2) is an integer.
4.3 measurement uncertainty: the patent method specifies the repeatability standard deviation sigma of the measurement result of the floor type ceramic toilet flushing noise A weighting single event accumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level on the surface of the cylinder measurementomcThe upper limit value is not more than 1.5 dB. Referring to the relevant contents in the standard GB/T3767-2016, in a complete normal flushing period, the same experiment personnel uses the same sound level meter to select the same cylinder for the same floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample at the same installation positionVolume measurement surface A weighted mean of cumulative percentage of single events time integrated sound pressure level
6 repeated measurements are carried out (each time, the toilet sample needs to be remounted and adjusted and positioned), and background noise correction is carried out on the measurement results. Standard deviation of repeatability σomcThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula:
5. The method for detecting the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl according to claim 1, wherein the result evaluation is performed according to the following steps:
5.1 according to the national environmental protection standard and the relevant product standard requirements, adopting the following grading judgment standards:
5.2 cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L weighted by A certain sample flushing noiseJA(10)Acoustic energy level L of the 3 samples in the groupJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
At 10%, re-extracting a group of samples to repeat the experiment; calculating the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L of the flushing noise of the front and the rear groups of toilet samples measured by a cylinder measuring surface method by using a sound level meterJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
If a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted to accumulate the percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)The acoustic energy level L is calculated by weighting the accumulated percentage of the flushing noise A of the two groups of 6 samplesJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
10% of the total weight is discarded; the residual toilet sample flushing noise A is taken to count the weight and the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
As the evaluation index of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet sample.
Test facilities, instrumentation and test equipment used in this example:
(1) test facility
Semi-anechoic chamber: the net size of the indoor building is 9.8m multiplied by 7.3m multiplied by 5.9m, the effective space size after the sound-absorbing wedge is hung is 7.8m multiplied by 5.3m multiplied by 4.9m, and the effective volume is 203m3Effective usable area of 41m2. The ceramic tile floor is taken as a single reflecting plane, and no other fixed facilities are needed in a room except for the corresponding water supply/drainage pipeline and the air conditioner; when the laboratory works normally and the surroundings have no abnormal interference, the indoor background noise is lower than 14.1dB (A); the extended uncertainty of the sound pressure level measurement is U95＝(0.4～1.0)dB，k＝2。
(2) Test equipment and equipment
2.1 Sound level Meter: the model is NA-28 and can measure equivalent continuous sound pressure L produced by Japan rational sound companyeqThe performance meets the regulation of a 1-type integral sound level meter in GB/T3785, and the filter meets the requirement of GB 3241; the A-weighted linear operation range is 25dB to 130dB, the peak sound level measurement upper limit is 143dB, the inherent noise A-weighted maximum value is 17dB, the measurement frequency range is 10Hz to 20kHz, and the sampling period is 15.6 ms. The sound pressure level uncertainty U is 0.4dB to 1.0dB (k is 2); the sound pressure level uncertainty U at the reference frequency is 0.07dB (k is 2); the uncertainty of the calibration result is 1.0dB (k 2).
2.2 sound calibrator: the model AWA6221A produced by the hundred million Europe instrument equipment company Limited is used for absolute sound pressure calibration of a sound level meter, and the acoustic performance meets the 1-level accuracy requirement in GB/T15173; the nominal sound pressure level is 94dB and 114dB (taking 20 mu Pa as a benchmark), the applicable frequency range is 1 kHz-5 Hz, the sound pressure level accuracy is +/-0.2 dB (23 ℃) and +/-0.3 dB (-10 ℃ -50 ℃), and the total harmonic distortion is less than or equal to 1% when the sound pressure level is 94 dB.
2.3 ruler: a straight steel ruler and a square ruler with the division value of 1 mm.
2.4 water seal rule: the index value is 1 mm.
2.5 thermometer: range of
The index value is 0.2 ℃.
2.6 empty cell barometer: the measurement range is 800hPa to 1060hPa, and the maximum allowable error of the value is +/-1.0 hPa.
2.7 stopwatch: the accuracy was 0.01 s.
2.8 tripod: the carbon fiber or aluminum alloy material bears more than 10kg and contains the maximum height of the holder of 2.0 m.
The detection data and result calculation of this embodiment:
in the semi-silencing chamber, the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic pedestal pan is detected by applying a cylinder measuring surface method, and related detection data and result evaluation are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 floor type ceramic toilet seat flushing noise detection data (one reflection plane)
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied to other related technical fields directly or indirectly, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for detecting flushing noise of a floor type ceramic toilet bowl comprises the following steps: (1) sample installation and adjustmentTesting; (2) determining a sound source reference body and a cylinder measuring surface; (3) sound pressure level measurement; (4) calculating the sound energy level and correcting background noise, test environment and meteorological conditions; (5) evaluating the detection result; characterized in that the sound energy level L is accumulated on the measuring surface of the cylinder by using the fast time weighting characteristic F of the A weighting equivalent sound level of the sound level meterJA(10)The console mode ceramic toilet of sign washes noise and carries out accurate quantitative determination, and is specific:
in sound pressure level measurement:
in a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, aiming at the installation requirement of a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample, determining the positioning of a sound source reference body under the condition of different reflection planes and calculating the characteristic dimension d of the sound source0(ii) a Selecting a cylindrical measuring surface corresponding to the pedestal pan flushing noise source reference body, determining the size of the cylindrical measuring surface, and determining coordinates of the position arrays of the sound transmitters on different measuring surfaces; the normal flushing period of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl is used as the integral time of audio signal collection, and the sound level meter A is used for measuring the slow time weighting characteristic S of equivalent sound level to determine the cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level L of background noise on the measuring surface of a selected cylinderpAi(B)(10)T、LpAi(B)(10)S(ii) a Then starting a flushing device under the test static pressure condition of 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, and continuously repeating N times for the toilet sampleeSecondary flushing operation; determining A-weighted single event cumulative percentage time integrated sound pressure level L 'of a qth flushing noise emission event at the ith microphone position on the selected cylinder measurement surface for different flushing water volume test requirements'EAi,q(ST)(10)T、L′EAi,q(ST)(10)SWherein each flush cycle can be considered as a separate noise emission event, q 1,2, … NeAnd N ise≥5；
In the acoustic energy level calculation:
according to GB/T3767-2016, the background noise A measured by a sound level meter on the measuring surface of a selected cylinder is weighted by the cumulative percentage time-average sound pressure level LpAi(B)(10)T、LpAi(B)(10)SAnd a succession of N at each microphone locationeA-weighted single event accumulation of the qth event of a flushing noise emission eventCalculating percent time integral sound pressure level L'EAi,q(ST)(10)T、L′EAi,q(ST)(10)SAs basic data, the mean value thereof is calculated
And L'Ei(ST)(10)T、L′Ei(ST)(10)S(ii) a Deducing to obtain continuous N on the measuring surface of the cylindereA weighted average of single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure levels for individual toilet bowl flushing noise emission events
And
correcting background noise, test environment and meteorological conditions; calculating the consecutive N on the measuring surface of a cylindereA-weighted single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level for individual toilet bowl flushing noise emission event
Obtaining the A weight cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L of the flushing noise of each sampleJA(10)And the average of the acoustic energy levels of the cumulative percentage weighted by the flushing noise A for each set of samples
Defining requirements for related data reduction and measurement uncertainty;
the acoustic energy magnitude calculation is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) selecting a calculation formula: on the basis of reference GB/T3767-2016, the calculation formula of the involved acoustic parameters is defined as follows:
if Δ LEA(10)If the noise is more than 15dB, the background noise correction is not needed; if the value of Delta L is less than or equal to 6dBEA(10)And less than or equal to 15dB, correcting according to the formula (10):
K1A＝-10lg(1-10-0.1△LEA(10)) (10)
K2A＝l0lg(l+4S/A) (11)
when K is2AWhen the power is less than or equal to 4dB, the measurement made according to the method is effective; wherein the suction of the semi-anechoic chamber and the reverberation chamberThe sound volume calculation formula is respectively as follows:
A＝α·Sν (12)
A＝0.16V/Tn (13)
LJA ref,atm(10)＝LJA(10)+C1+C2 (18)
in the formula:
L′EAi(ST)(10)T-measuring the surface at the ith microphone position N at the top of the cylindereTThe average value of the time integral sound pressure level of the secondary measured flushing noise single event cumulative percentage component is in decibel dB;
NeT-measuring the number of single wash noise emission events at each microphone position on the surface at the top of the cylinder, NeT≥5；
L′EAi,q(ST)(10)T-measuring the single event cumulative percentage time integrated sound pressure level in dB of the wash noise qth event measured at the surface ith microphone location at the top of the cylinder;
L′EAi(ST)(10)S-measuring the surface at the ith microphone position N on the side of the cylindereSThe average value of the accumulated percentage time integral sound pressure level of the flushing noise single event measured in the second time is dB;
NeS-measuring the number of single wash noise emission events at each microphone position on the cylinder side, NeS≥5；
L′EAi,q(ST)(10)S-measuring the single event cumulative percentage time integrated sound pressure level in dB of the q event of the flushing noise measured at the surface ith microphone location at the cylinder side;
NMT-measuring the number of surface microphone positions at the top of the cylinder;
NMS-the number of surface microphone positions is measured at the side of the cylinder;
ST-cylinder topThe area of the surface is measured in m2；
SSThe area of the surface measured at the side of the cylinder is given in m2；
LpAi(B)(10)T-the cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level of the background noise measured at the ith microphone position on the measurement surface at the top of the cylinder in dB;
LpAi(B)(10)S-during a normal flush cycle, measuring the cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level in dB of background noise measured at the ith microphone location on the lateral measurement surface of the cylinder;
K1A-a background noise correction value;
K2A-testing the environmental correction value;
s-area of cylinder measuring surface, unit m2；
A-equivalent sound absorption area in unit of m of room at 1kHz frequency in test chamber2；
alpha-A weighted average sound absorption coefficient of the room surface of the test chamber, and the numerical range of the A weighted average sound absorption coefficient is shown in the table A.1 in GB/T3767-2016;
Sν-total area of test room boundaries, wherein the test room boundaries comprise walls, floor, ceiling, in m2；
V-test Room volume in m3；
Tn-measured a weight or frequency band reverberation time in units s;
LJA(10)under the test site and corresponding meteorological conditions, measuring the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of the flushing noise in dB by using a cylinder measurement surface method for each toilet sample in a normal flushing period;
S0＝1m2；
C1-testing a function of the air characteristic impedance under meteorological conditions of time and place;
C2-converting the actual acoustic energy under meteorological conditions relative to the test time and place into a radiation impedance modification value of the acoustic energy under standard meteorological conditions;
psatmospheric pressure at the test time and location in kPa;
ps,0-standard atmospheric pressure, 101.325 kPa;
θ -air temperature at test time and site in units of;
θ0＝314K；
θ1＝296K；
LJA ref,atm(10)-under standard meteorological conditions at atmospheric pressure 101.325kPa and temperature 23.0 ℃, the measured a-weight cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of each toilet bowl sample flushing noise is in dB;
LJA(10)1、LJA(10)2、LJA(10)3-a weight accumulation percentage acoustic energy level of the flushing noise of each group of toilet samples, in dB;
LJA ref,atm(10)1、LJA ref,atm(10)2、LJA ref,atm(10)3under the standard meteorological conditions of the atmospheric pressure of 101.325kPa and the temperature of 23.0 ℃, the A weighting cumulative percentage acoustic energy magnitude of the flushing noise of each group of toilet bowl samples is in dB;
(2) data reduction requirements: n consecutive measured at the ith microphone position on the top and side measuring surfaces of the cylindereA weighted single event cumulative percentage time integrated sound pressure level L 'for the qth event of a toilet bowl flushing noise emission event'EAi,q(ST)(10)T、L′EAi,q(ST)(10)SAnd its mean value L'Ei(ST)(10)T、L′Ei(ST)(10)SA weighted cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level L with background noisepAi(B)(10)T、LpAi(B)(10)SReserving a valid number after the decimal point; successive N measured on respective measuring surfaces of the cylindereA weighted average of single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure levels for individual toilet bowl flushing noise emission events
And its A weighted cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)And background noiseA weight cumulative percentage time average sound pressure level average of
Taking an integer from the calculation result of (1);
(3) measurement uncertainty: defining the standard deviation σ of repeatability of floor standing ceramic toilet bowl flushing noise A weighting Single event cumulative percent time integral Sound pressure level measurements on Cylinder measurement surfacesomcThe upper limit value is not more than 1.5 dB; referring to the standard GB/T3767-2016, in a complete normal flushing period, the same experiment personnel uses the same sound level meter to measure the average value of the A weighted single event cumulative percentage time integral sound pressure level on the same cylinder measurement surface selected by the same floor type ceramic toilet sample at the same installation position
6 times of repeated measurement are carried out, wherein each time of repeated measurement, the toilet sample needs to be reinstalled, adjusted and positioned, and background noise correction is carried out on the measurement result; standard deviation of repeatability σomcThe calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula:
in the evaluation of the results:
when a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted, the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L is calculatedJA(10)Acoustic energy level L of the 3 samples in the groupJA(10)Arithmetic mean value
At 10%, re-extracting a group of samples to repeat the experiment; and calculating the slow time weighting characteristic S of equivalent sound level of the two groups of floor type ceramic pedestal pan samples by applying a sound level meter A to weight the equivalent sound level, and measuring the accumulated percentage sound energy level L of the flushing noise by a cylinder measuring surface methodJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
If a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted to accumulate the percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)The acoustic energy level L is calculated by weighting the accumulated percentage of the flushing noise A of the two groups of 6 samplesJA(10)Arithmetic mean value
10% of the total weight is discarded; the residual toilet sample flushing noise A is taken to count the weight and the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
As the evaluation index of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet sample.
2. The method for detecting the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl according to claim 1, wherein the sample installation and debugging are carried out according to the following steps:
(1) 3 ceramic or stoneware floor type pedestal pan samples of the same type, specification and size produced by the same manufacturer and the same batch are taken as a group, and the internal structure of the pedestal pan sample is of a rushing type or a siphon type;
(2) a flushing water tank and a water tank accessory meeting the requirement of rated water consumption are arranged, and a seat ring, a cover plate and a flange with proper sizes are arranged; for the toilet sample with the rear-discharge drainage mode, the drainage mode of the toilet sample is adjusted from the rear-discharge mode to the lower-discharge mode by using a flange with a proper size, and the water tank water supply system of the toilet sample to be tested is debugged according to the standard debugging program of the water tank type toilet test water supply system specified in the No. 8.8.2.1 GB 6952-; the working water level of the flushing water tank can meet the requirement of a normal flushing process, and the nominal water consumption is equal to the actual water consumption;
(3) assembling a corresponding flushing device and a corresponding water inlet pipe for a to-be-tested pedestal pan sample according to installation instructions of a production plant, performing a connection sealing test according to the 8.11 th regulation in GB 6952-;
(4) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample which is not close to any wall when being installed, if the test is carried out in an acoustic environment similar to a free field above a reflecting surface of a semi-anechoic chamber, the sample to be tested can be directly placed in the center of the ground and the normal flushing function of the sample to be tested is ensured; if the test is carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample is placed on the ground, the distance between the sample and any wall is not less than 1.0m, and the normal flushing function is ensured;
(5) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample arranged close to a wall, the sample can be tested in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface of the sample and the reflection surface of the close vertical wall is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other three walls in the chamber is ensured to be not less than 1.5 m; meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured;
(6) for a floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample arranged close to a corner, the test can be carried out in a rigid wall chamber or a special reverberation chamber, the sample to be tested is placed on the ground, the distance between the back surface and the side surface of the sample and two adjacent vertical wall reflecting surfaces is 15cm +/-5 cm, and the distance between the sample and the other two walls in the room is not less than 1.5 m; and meanwhile, the normal flushing function is ensured.
3. The method for detecting the flushing noise of a floor type ceramic toilet bowl according to claim 1, wherein the determination of the sound source reference body and the measuring surface of the cylinder is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) determination of the pedestal pan flushing noise source reference shape and size: referring to item 7.1 in GB/T3767-; taking the horizontal length of a toilet sample as the length l of a sound source reference body1And the width l of the sound source reference body is the horizontal width of the flushing water tank2And the vertical distance from the water tank working water level line to the ground is used as the height l of the sound source reference body3(ii) a Characteristic dimension d of sound source reference body under one reflection plane corresponding to different test environment conditions0Is [ (l)1/2)2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2Characteristic dimension d of sound source reference volume under two reflection planes0Is [ l ]1 2+(l2/2)2+l3 2]1/2Characteristic dimension d of sound source reference body under three reflection planes0Is [ l ]1 2+l2 2+l3 2]1/2In the unit of m;
(2) determination of the cylinder measurement surface and its microphone position array: according to items 7.2.5 and 8.1.3 of GB/T3767-1And d2Measured distance to the top surface of the reference body is d3(ii) a The total area S of the measuring surface of the cylinder is the area S of the top horizontal planeTArea S perpendicular to the sidesSum of radius R ═ l of cylinder1/2+d1＝l2/2+d2High h iss＝l3+d3In the formula I1、l2And l3Respectively, length, width and height of the reference body, whereinl1≥l2，d1＝d3＝1.0m，d2＝R-l2/2，d1≤1.5d2And d is1≤1.5d3，d2≤1.5d1And d is2≤1.5d3，d3≤1.5d1And d is3≤1.5d2In the unit of m; if the floor type ceramic pedestal pan sample to be measured is positioned on a reflecting plane when being installed, the measuring surface is a complete cylinder, and the area S of the side vertical surface of the measuring surface is a complete cylinders＝2πRhsArea of the top horizontal plane ST＝πR2(ii) a Coordinates (x, y, z) of the positions 1-20 of the side microphones are (-R,0,9 h) respectivelys/10)、(-R,0,7hs/10)、(-R,0,5hs/10)、(-R,0,3hs/10)、(-R,0,hs/10)、(R,0,9hs/10)、(R,0,7hs/10)、(R,0,5hs/10)、(R,0,3hs/10)、(R,0,hs/10)、(0,-R,9hs/10)、(0,R,9hs/10)、(0,-R,7hs/10)、(0,R,7hs/10)、(0,-R,5hs/10)、(0,R,5hs/10)、(0,-R,5hs/10)、(0,R,5hs/10)、(0,-R,3hs/10)、(0,R,3hs/10)、(0,-R,hs/10)、(0,R,hs10); the coordinates (x, y, z) of the positions 1-16 of the top surface microphones are respectively (0,7R/8, h)s)、(0,5R/8,hs)、(0,3R/8,hs)、(0,R/8,hs)、(7R/8,0,hs)、(5R/8,0,hs)、(3R/8,0,hs)、(R/8,0,hs)、(0,-7R/8,hs)、(0,-5R/8,hs)、(0,-3R/8,hs)、(0,-R/8,hs)、(-7R/8,0,hs)、(-5R/8,0,hs)、(-3R/8,0,hs)、(-R/8,0,hs) (ii) a If the sample of the toilet bowl to be measured is arranged close to the two reflecting planes when being installed, the measuring surface is 1/2 cylinder, and the area S of the side vertical surface of the cylinders＝πRhsArea of the top horizontal plane ST＝πR22; wherein the length l of the reference body of the sound source1I.e. the distance from the wall to the front face of the corresponding reference body; the coordinates (x, y, z) of the positions 1-15 of the side microphones are respectively (0, -R,9 h)s/10)、(0,-R,7hs/10)、(0,-R,5hs/10)、(0,-R,3hs/10)、(0,-R,hs/10)、
The coordinates (x, y, z) of the positions 1-9 of the top surface microphones are respectively
(R/8,0,hs)、
(R/2,0,hs)、
(7R/8,0,hs)、
If the sample of the toilet bowl to be measured is arranged to be closely adjacent to the three reflection planes when being installed, the measuring surface is 1/4 cylinders, and the area S of the vertical surface of the side part of the cylinders＝πRhs/2, area of the top horizontal plane ST＝πR2(ii)/4; wherein the length of the reference body1And width l2I.e. the distance from the two walls to the opposite face of the corresponding reference body; the coordinates (x, y, z) of the positions 1-10 of the side microphones are respectively
The coordinates (x, y, z) of the positions 1-6 of the top surface microphone are respectively
4. The method for detecting the flushing noise of a floor-standing ceramic toilet bowl as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sound pressure level measurement is performed by the following steps:
(1) except that 1 toilet sample to be tested and a tripod experimental apparatus are reserved, all other articles in the testing chamber are removed, and no redundant personnel can be present; the experimental operator must not wear clothing with significant sound absorption characteristics; measuring and recording the air temperature and the atmospheric pressure in the test chamber by using a thermometer and a barometer which are qualified by verification;
(2) before a toilet sample is subjected to a flushing noise test, the dimension l of the toilet sample is measured by using a steel ruler and a square ruler1、l2、l3And recording; according to the number of reflecting planes involved in the sample installation mode, determining the space positioning of the sound source reference body and calculating the characteristic dimension d of the sound source reference body0(ii) a Selecting a suitable cylinder enveloping the sound source measurement surface and calculating the top horizontal plane radius R and the side vertical plane height h thereofs(ii) a Calculating and recording coordinates of each measuring point according to the microphone position array on the measuring surface of the selected cylinder;
(3) the sound level meter used for measurement is required to meet the requirement of a 1-type instrument in GB/T3785.1-2010, and the verification period is not more than 2 years; the filter meets the requirement of a type 1 instrument in IEC 61260:1995, and the calibration period does not exceed 1 year; before the test is started and after the test is finished, verifying the test on one or more frequencies in the measuring frequency range of the sound level meter by using a sound calibrator meeting the requirement of the level 1 accuracy in GB/T15173; the difference of the readings is not more than 0.5 dB;
(4) the toilet flushing noise test chamber can be a semi-anechoic chamber or a reverberation chamber, so that the available indoor space volume is ensured to meet the installation requirement of a toilet sample to be tested, the toilet flushing noise test chamber has water supply/drainage conditions required by a flushing function, and the hydrostatic pressure for a test can be regulated and controlled; the background noise in the semi-silencing chamber is not more than 16dB of the weight A, the acoustic condition similar to a free field above a reflecting surface can be provided, and the verification period is not more than 5 years; the background noise in the reverberation room is not more than 25dB of the weighting A, and the reverberation time is 5 s-6 s;
(5) in the test chamber, positioning coordinates of each measuring point according to a microphone position array on the measuring surface of the selected cylinder; simultaneously moving the tripod to a measuring point position and placing a sound level meter with related acoustic performance on a top tripod head of the tripod to ensure that the orientation of the microphone is the same as the sound wave incident angle when the microphone is calibrated and the microphone vertically points to a measuring surface;
(6) taking a complete normal flushing period as the integral time for collecting the sound level meter audio signals, and if the flushing period of the to-be-detected toilet sample is less than 20s, counting the integral time by 20 s; determination of cumulative percent time-averaged sound pressure level L of background noise on top horizontal and side vertical measurement surfaces of selected cylinders using the A-weighted equivalent level of the sound level meter' S slow time-weighted characteristic "S" for the sound level meterpAi(B)(10)TAnd LpAi(B)(10)SAnd recording; continuously measuring for 3 times at each microphone position, and taking the arithmetic mean value as the sound pressure level measurement value of the background noise at the position; if the difference of the sound pressure levels measured 3 times at each position is greater than 0.5dB, re-measuring and recording;
(7) adjusting the test static pressure to 0.35MPa +/-0.05 MPa, adjusting the water tank to the working water level line mark of the water tank, and flushing the water tank to enable the water seal of the toilet sample to be filled with water to a normal water level; then, lifting the toilet cover plate, starting the flushing device according to the requirement of the water consumption to be measured and timing in a normal mode; to be provided withA complete normal flushing period is used as the integral time of sound level meter audio signal collection, and if the flushing period of the toilet sample is less than 20s, the integral time is counted in 20 s; repeating N successive toilet samples at each microphone location on the top horizontal measurement surface and the side vertical measurement surface of the cylindereFor secondary flush operation, the A-weighted single event cumulative percentage time integrated sound pressure level L 'for the qth flush noise emission event at the corresponding location is determined using the A-weighted equivalent sound level fast time weighting characteristic "F" of the sound level meter'EAi,q(ST)(10)TAnd L'EAi,q(ST)(10)SAnd recording, wherein each flushing cycle can be regarded as a separate noise emission event, q-1, 2, … NeAnd N iseNot less than 5; the static pressure, water usage and flush cycle for each flush were also recorded.
5. The method for detecting the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet bowl according to claim 1, wherein the result evaluation is performed according to the following steps:
(1) according to the national environmental protection standard and the standard requirements of related products, the following grading judgment standards are adopted:
(2) when a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted, the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L is calculatedJA(10)Acoustic energy level L of the 3 samples in the groupJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
At 10%, re-extracting a group of samples to repeat the experiment; calculating the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level L of the flushing noise of the front and the rear groups of toilet samples measured by a cylinder measuring surface method by using a sound level meterJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
If a certain sample flushing noise A is weighted to accumulate the percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)The acoustic energy level L is calculated by weighting the accumulated percentage of the flushing noise A of the two groups of 6 samplesJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
10% of the total weight is discarded; the residual toilet sample flushing noise A is taken to count the weight and the cumulative percentage acoustic energy level LJA(10)Is arithmetic mean of
As the evaluation index of the flushing noise of the floor type ceramic toilet sample.
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